内容正文:
2027届高考英语一轮复习:语法填空-名词-综合-专题讲义
【使用建议】本讲义适用于名词考点综合复习。建议教师先带领学生完成名词的词性转换(名词变动词、名词变形容词)与词形变化(名词复数、名词所有格、派生构词)专题,梳理各类考点的解题方法,再进行名词综合训练。
【教学目标】①巩固语法填空中名词相关考点的知识体系;②提升学生对名词词性转换与词形变化的辨析能力;③通过真题与模拟题训练,强化解题思维的规范性和准确性。
一、知识回顾
(一) 名词变动词
当提示词为名词而设空处需动词功能时,将名词转换为动词:加 -en(strength→strengthen)、加 en-(danger→endanger)、加 -ize/-ify(summary→summarize、beauty→beautify)、拼写变化(choice→choose、proof→prove)。
【过关检测】
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles, avoid hills and get good running shoes.
【出处】2018年全国Ⅰ卷
【答案】strengthen
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→动词)。句意:为了避免膝盖疼痛,你可以在柔软的地面上跑步,做增强腿部肌肉的锻炼,避开坡地,并穿一双好的跑鞋。空格前为不定式符号 to,需填动词原形;提示词“strength”(名词,意为“力量”)加后缀 -en 构成动词“strengthen”(加强、增强)。故填 strengthen。
(二) 名词变形容词
当提示词为名词而设空处需形容词时,加后缀:-ful/-less、-y、-al、-ous、-able、-ive、-ic、-en 等(finance→financial、beauty→beautiful、strategy→strategic)。
【过关检测】
The team’s technical environment is closer to that of ________ (industry) robotics, giving it an edge in developing many high-precision movements.
【出处】2025年浙江宁波市镇海中学模拟预测
【答案】industrial
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→形容词)。句意:该团队的技术环境更接近工业机器人的技术环境,这使其在研发许多高精度动作方面具备优势。空格处需填形容词(作定语),提示词“industry”(名词,意为“工业”)加后缀 -al 构成形容词“industrial”(工业的)。故填 industrial。
(三) 名词复数
判断可数名词单复数:看修饰词(many/various/a number of + 复数;each/every + 单数)、并列一致、谓语动词单复数;注意不规则变化(foot→feet)。
【过关检测】
Its beautiful color and rich flavor can turn simple snacks into tasty ________ (treat).
【出处】2026年安徽合肥一六八中学等校高三最后一卷
【答案】treats
【解析】考查名词的单复数。句意:它色泽美观、味道浓郁,能把简单的零食变成可口的美食。提示词“treat”为可数名词(意为“美食;款待”),根据语境“tasty ________”指代多种零食风味、数量大于一,需用复数形式“treats”。故填 treats。
(四) 名词所有格
表示所属关系“……的”:’s 所有格(有生命/时间等)、of 结构(无生命)、双重所有格。根据单复数确定加’s 或’。
【过关检测】
“He saved my ________ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
【出处】2022年新高考Ⅱ卷
【答案】son’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:布朗夫人说:“他救了我儿子的命。”提示词“son”与其后的名词“life”之间存在所属关系,表示“我儿子的生命”;son 为有生命的单数名词,加’s 构成所有格。故填 son’s。
(五) 名词变名词(派生构词)
名词加后缀生成另一名词:-er/-ist/-(i)an 表人(science→scientist)、-ship 表状态/关系(friend→friendship)、-hood 表时期(child→childhood)。
【过关检测】
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a ________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【出处】2018年全国Ⅲ卷
【答案】scientist
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→名词)。句意:我叫米雷娅·梅耶,是一位研究猿类和猴子等动物的科学家。空格前有不定冠词 a,其后 who 引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词指人,需填表示人的名词;提示词“science”(名词,意为“科学”)加后缀 -ist 构成“scientist”(科学家)。故填 scientist。
二、巩固练习
(一)高考真题
1. Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning).
【出处】2022年全国甲卷
【答案】meaningful
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→形容词)。句意:曹相信,这将使这次徒步之旅更有意义。空格处需填形容词(作宾语补足语),提示词“meaning”(名词,意为“意义”)加后缀 -ful 构成形容词“meaningful”(有意义的)。故填 meaningful。
2. It’s ________ (peace), especially around sunset.
【出处】2025年北京卷
【答案】peaceful
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→形容词)。句意:放学后的大多数日子里,我喜欢带着我的狗尼克在森林里散步,那里十分宁静,尤其是在日落时分。空格处需填形容词(作表语),提示词“peace”(名词,意为“和平;宁静”)加后缀 -ful 构成形容词“peaceful”(宁静的)。故填 peaceful。
3. ________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
【出处】2023年全国甲卷
【答案】Different
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→形容词)。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以控诉而非寓意收尾。空格处需填形容词(作状语),提示词“difference”(名词,意为“差别”)去 ce 加 t 构成形容词“Different”(不同的),位于句首首字母大写。故填 Different。
4. The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ________ (space) homes and walled gardens.
【出处】2023年1月浙江卷
【答案】spacious
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→形容词)。句意:它们所形成的胡同排列整齐,两旁是宽敞的住宅和带围墙的花园。空格处需填形容词(作定语),提示词“space”(名词,意为“空间”)去 e 加 -ious 构成形容词“spacious”(宽敞的)。故填 spacious。
5. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ________ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
【出处】2025年1月浙江卷
【答案】times
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意:如今人们买来的衣服穿的次数越来越少,服装租赁服务因此越来越受欢迎。提示词“time”为可数名词(意为“次数”),根据语境需用复数形式“times”。故填 times。
(二)名校模拟
1. Perhaps you’re thinking about reaching for a brightly ________ (colour) packet with something delicious inside.
【出处】重庆市康德高考模拟调研卷2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考
【答案】coloured
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→形容词)。句意:或许你正想着伸手去拿一包色彩鲜艳、里面装着美味吃食的包装袋。空格处需填形容词(作定语),提示词“colour”(名词,意为“颜色”)加后缀 -ed 构成形容词“coloured”(彩色的)。故填 coloured。
2. The center, where she dedicated decades of her life, is now home to the longest, most ________ (detail) study of an animal in its natural habitat anywhere in the world.
【出处】重庆市沙坪坝区重庆市第八中学校2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考
【答案】detailed
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→形容词)。句意:她奉献了数十年心血的这个研究中心,如今拥有全球范围内对自然栖息地中某种动物持续时间最长、最为详尽的研究。空格处需填形容词(作定语),提示词“detail”(名词,意为“细节”)加后缀 -ed 构成形容词“detailed”(详尽的)。故填 detailed。
3. As more potential ________ (use) for the wind turbine parts are displayed, the easier it will be to convince people and wind farm owners that it is also an option for them.
【出处】2026届浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期一模英语试题
【答案】uses
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意:随着风力涡轮机部件的更多潜在用途被展示出来,说服人们和风电场主相信这也是一种可行选择就会变得更容易。提示词“use”为可数名词(意为“用途”),根据语境需用复数形式“uses”。故填 uses。
4. This cultural exchange, rooted in its history as a key Silk Road site, has not only shaped Dunhuang’s past but also guided its approach to preserving and sharing with the world the timeless heritage, inspiring innovations that bridge ________ (glory) traditions with modern technology.
【出处】2026届福建省福州市高三上学期第一次质量检测
【答案】glorious
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→形容词)。句意:植根于丝绸之路重镇历史的这种文化交流,不仅塑造了敦煌的过去,也指引着它保护并同世界分享这份永恒遗产,并激发着把辉煌传统与现代技术相连接的创新。空格处需填形容词(作定语),提示词“glory”(名词,意为“辉煌”)变 y 为 i 加后缀 -ous 构成形容词“glorious”(辉煌的)。故填 glorious。
5. Unlike traditional concerts where each instrument follows its own rules, this fusion allowed both ________ (music) to improvise freely, responding to each other’s musical phrases in real time.
【出处】辽宁省沈阳市东北育才2025-2026学年高三下学期第九次模拟
【答案】musicians
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→名词)。句意:与传统音乐会上每种乐器各循其规不同,这种融合让两位音乐家得以自由即兴,实时回应彼此的乐句。空格前有 both,需填表示人的名词复数;提示词“music”加后缀 -ian 构成“musician”(音乐家),再用复数形式。故填 musicians。
6. These technological applications not merely guarantee the event’s success but leave a ________ (value) legacy for urban governance.
【出处】T8联考2025-2026学年高三12月检测训练
【答案】valuable
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→形容词)。句意:这些技术应用不仅保障了赛事的成功,也为城市治理留下了一份宝贵的遗产。空格处需填形容词(作定语),提示词“value”(名词,意为“价值”)去 e 加 -able 构成形容词“valuable”(宝贵的)。故填 valuable。
7. Over time, the first day of the tenth month became known as the Festival of Bestowing Clothes, reflecting ancient ________ (concern) for warmth and well-being.
【出处】安徽省合肥市第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月教学质量测评
【答案】concerns
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意:久而久之,十月初一被称为“授衣节”,体现了古人对温暖与安康的关切。提示词“concern”为可数名词(意为“关切的事”),根据语境需用复数形式“concerns”。故填 concerns。
8. Companies can search the internet for restaurant ________ (menu) in a specific market, looking out for the latest taste trends and in-demand ingredients.
【出处】重庆市康德高考模拟调研卷2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考
【答案】menus
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意:企业可以在互联网上搜索特定市场的餐厅菜单,以留意最新的口味潮流和热门食材。提示词“menu”为可数名词(意为“菜单”),根据语境需用复数形式“menus”。故填 menus。
9. Considering that state health insurance does not cover non-essential medical ________ (procedure) such as weight loss treatments, some people still think that the move was unfair.
【出处】2025届云南省丽江市高中毕业生复习统一检测(12月)
【答案】procedures
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意:考虑到国家医保不覆盖诸如减肥治疗等非必要的医疗项目,一些人仍然认为这一举措不公平。提示词“procedure”为可数名词(意为“医疗项目;程序”),根据语境需用复数形式“procedures”。故填 procedures。
10. Now, back home in a small town in the U.S., mornings are quiet and rushed — a bowl of cereal with cold milk, a piece of toast, or juice in the car, all of which are familiar ________ (scene) in daily life.
【出处】山西省太原市2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中考试
【答案】scenes
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意:如今回到美国的一个小镇,早晨安静而匆忙——一碗配冷牛奶的麦片、一片吐司,或在车上喝果汁,这些都是日常生活中熟悉的场景。提示词“scene”为可数名词(意为“场景”),根据语境需用复数形式“scenes”。故填 scenes。
11. That apprenticeship gave him insights no ________ (engineer) degree could. He learned every way a motorcycle could break down.
【出处】山东省实验中学2026-2027学年第一学期高三开学调研测验英语试题
【答案】engineer’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:那段学徒经历给了他任何工程学学位都无法给予的见解,他学会了摩托车可能出现的每一种故障。提示词“engineer”与其后的名词“degree”之间存在所属关系,表示“工程学(工程师的)学位”;engineer 为单数名词,加’s 构成所有格,作定语修饰 degree。故填 engineer’s。
12. Sonam Dargye, an ethnic Tibetan who returned to his hometown to work as a county official, organized ________ (China) first armed anti-poaching team in 1992.
【出处】2026届浙江杭州第二中学、南京师范大学附属中学、长沙市长郡中学高三4月英语模拟卷
【答案】China’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:索南达杰是一名藏族干部,他返乡担任公职,并于1992年组建了中国第一支武装反盗猎队伍。提示词“China”与其后的“first armed anti-poaching team”之间存在所属关系,表示“中国的第一支武装反盗猎队伍”;China 为专有名词,加’s 构成所有格。故填 China’s。
13. As a ________ (history), she has published several books on ancient Chinese civilization and the Silk Road.
【出处】2024年北京市第四中学高三模拟
【答案】historian
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→名词)。句意:作为一名历史学家,她已出版多部关于中国古代文明与丝绸之路的著作。空格前有不定冠词 a,需填表示人的名词;提示词“history”(名词,意为“历史”)加后缀 -ian 构成“historian”(历史学家)。故填 historian。
14. The President set the targets for the future to promote ________ (friend) with European countries.
【出处】2024年安徽师范大学附属中学高三三模
【答案】friendship
【解析】考查词性转换(名词→名词)。句意:总统制定了未来的目标,以促进与欧洲各国的友谊。空格前 promote 为及物动词,需接名词作宾语;提示词“friend”(名词,意为“朋友”)加后缀 -ship 构成抽象名词“friendship”(友谊)。故填 friendship。
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2027届高考英语一轮复习:语法填空-名词-综合
【使用建议】本讲义适用于名词考点综合复习。建议教师先带领学生完成名词的词性转换(名词变动词、名词变形容词)与词形变化(名词复数、名词所有格、派生构词)专题,梳理各类考点的解题方法,再进行名词综合训练。
【教学目标】①巩固语法填空中名词相关考点的知识体系;②提升学生对名词词性转换与词形变化的辨析能力;③通过真题与模拟题训练,强化解题思维的规范性和准确性。
一、知识回顾
(一) 名词变动词
当提示词为名词而设空处需动词功能时,将名词转换为动词:加 -en(strength→strengthen)、加 en-(danger→endanger)、加 -ize/-ify(summary→summarize、beauty→beautify)、拼写变化(choice→choose、proof→prove)。
【过关检测】
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles, avoid hills and get good running shoes.
【出处】2018年全国Ⅰ卷
(二) 名词变形容词
当提示词为名词而设空处需形容词时,加后缀:-ful/-less、-y、-al、-ous、-able、-ive、-ic、-en 等(finance→financial、beauty→beautiful、strategy→strategic)。
【过关检测】
The team’s technical environment is closer to that of ________ (industry) robotics, giving it an edge in developing many high-precision movements.
【出处】2025年浙江宁波市镇海中学模拟预测
(三) 名词复数
判断可数名词单复数:看修饰词(many/various/a number of + 复数;each/every + 单数)、并列一致、谓语动词单复数;注意不规则变化(foot→feet)。
【过关检测】
Its beautiful color and rich flavor can turn simple snacks into tasty ________ (treat).
【出处】2026年安徽合肥一六八中学等校高三最后一卷
(四) 名词所有格
表示所属关系“……的”:’s 所有格(有生命/时间等)、of 结构(无生命)、双重所有格。根据单复数确定加’s 或’。
【过关检测】
“He saved my ________ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
【出处】2022年新高考Ⅱ卷
(五) 名词变名词(派生构词)
名词加后缀生成另一名词:-er/-ist/-(i)an 表人(science→scientist)、-ship 表状态/关系(friend→friendship)、-hood 表时期(child→childhood)。
【过关检测】
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a ________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【出处】2018年全国Ⅲ卷
二、巩固练习
(一)高考真题
1. Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning).
【出处】2022年全国甲卷
2. It’s ________ (peace), especially around sunset.
【出处】2025年北京卷
3. ________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
【出处】2023年全国甲卷
4. The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ________ (space) homes and walled gardens.
【出处】2023年1月浙江卷
5. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ________ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
【出处】2025年1月浙江卷
(二)名校模拟
1. Perhaps you’re thinking about reaching for a brightly ________ (colour) packet with something delicious inside.
【出处】重庆市康德高考模拟调研卷2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考
2. The center, where she dedicated decades of her life, is now home to the longest, most ________ (detail) study of an animal in its natural habitat anywhere in the world.
【出处】重庆市沙坪坝区重庆市第八中学校2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考
3. As more potential ________ (use) for the wind turbine parts are displayed, the easier it will be to convince people and wind farm owners that it is also an option for them.
【出处】2026届浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期一模英语试题
4. This cultural exchange, rooted in its history as a key Silk Road site, has not only shaped Dunhuang’s past but also guided its approach to preserving and sharing with the world the timeless heritage, inspiring innovations that bridge ________ (glory) traditions with modern technology.
【出处】2026届福建省福州市高三上学期第一次质量检测
5. Unlike traditional concerts where each instrument follows its own rules, this fusion allowed both ________ (music) to improvise freely, responding to each other’s musical phrases in real time.
【出处】辽宁省沈阳市东北育才2025-2026学年高三下学期第九次模拟
6. These technological applications not merely guarantee the event’s success but leave a ________ (value) legacy for urban governance.
【出处】T8联考2025-2026学年高三12月检测训练
7. Over time, the first day of the tenth month became known as the Festival of Bestowing Clothes, reflecting ancient ________ (concern) for warmth and well-being.
【出处】安徽省合肥市第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月教学质量测评
8. Companies can search the internet for restaurant ________ (menu) in a specific market, looking out for the latest taste trends and in-demand ingredients.
【出处】重庆市康德高考模拟调研卷2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考
9. Considering that state health insurance does not cover non-essential medical ________ (procedure) such as weight loss treatments, some people still think that the move was unfair.
【出处】2025届云南省丽江市高中毕业生复习统一检测(12月)
10. Now, back home in a small town in the U.S., mornings are quiet and rushed — a bowl of cereal with cold milk, a piece of toast, or juice in the car, all of which are familiar ________ (scene) in daily life.
【出处】山西省太原市2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中考试
11. That apprenticeship gave him insights no ________ (engineer) degree could. He learned every way a motorcycle could break down.
【出处】山东省实验中学2026-2027学年第一学期高三开学调研测验英语试题
12. Sonam Dargye, an ethnic Tibetan who returned to his hometown to work as a county official, organized ________ (China) first armed anti-poaching team in 1992.
【出处】2026届浙江杭州第二中学、南京师范大学附属中学、长沙市长郡中学高三4月英语模拟卷
13. As a ________ (history), she has published several books on ancient Chinese civilization and the Silk Road.
【出处】2024年北京市第四中学高三模拟
14. The President set the targets for the future to promote ________ (friend) with European countries.
【出处】2024年安徽师范大学附属中学高三三模
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