高考词汇变形记-2、名词后缀表“人” 导学案-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了名词后缀表“人”的核心考点，涵盖-er、-or、-ist等七类后缀，按适用对象、构词规则及词例对比构建知识体系，通过思维导图和问题链设计，引导学生自主归纳后缀差异与联系，形成系统的构词法认知框架。 亮点在于诊断性自测与分层训练设计，如跟踪训练中的单句语法填空即时检测掌握情况，基础训练结合名词辨析和短语填空提升语言能力，能力提升模块通过阅读理解和语法填空培养思维品质。每个模块配有错题归因表，帮助学生个性化查漏补缺，教师可依据学情精准指导，有效支持因材施教。

高考词汇变形记-----------------------------后缀篇 2、名词后缀表“人” 思维导图： 一、名词性后缀-er 1. 适用对象：在动词、名词、形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示执行该动作的人物、工具或具有该动作功能的试剂等。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）大多数动词直接加-er 词例 含义 词例 含义 词例 含义 fighter 战士；战机 sweeter 甜味剂 hunter 猎人 counter 柜台 painter 画家 interpreter 口译员 reporter 记者 poster 招贴画 owner 主人 cleaner 清洁工/剂/器 porter 搬运工 prisoner 囚犯 farmer 农民 performer 表演者 foreigner 外国人 recorder 录音机 leader 领袖 reader 读者 speaker 演讲人 cooker 炊具 founder 创立者 teacher 教师 killer 杀手 traveler 旅行者 researcher 研究者 thriller 恐怖片 photographer 摄影师 singer 歌手 container 容器 reminder 提醒物 * 注意remain这个词的特殊变化： remain remainder 剩余物 （2）重读闭音节结尾的动词需双写辅音字母再加-er 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 begin beginner 初学者 win winner 获胜者 rob robber 抢劫犯 run runner 奔跑者 rub rubber 橡皮擦 dig digger 挖掘机/者 （3）以-e结尾的动词只需直接加-r 词例 含义 词例 含义 词例 含义 writer 作家，作者 officer 军官; 警官 user 用户 rider 骑手 ruler 统治者；尺 eraser 橡皮擦 smoker 吸烟者 settler 移居者 driver 司机 joker 爱搞笑的人 manager 经理 diver 潜水员 villager 村民 stranger 陌生人 receiver 电话听筒 （4）以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词变y为i再加-er 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 carry carrier 搬运者 worry worrier 多愁善感者 （5）以元音字母加-y结尾的动词则直接加-er 词例 含义 词例 含义 词例 含义 pay payer 付账者 play player 表演者 employ employer 雇主 destroy destroyer 毁灭者 （6）以-aw结尾的动词先加-y再加-er 名词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 law lawyer 律师 saw sawyer 锯木工人 二、名词性后缀-or 1. 适用对象：加在动词之后（大多数是以-t或-te结尾的动词）。 2. 内在含义：表示执行该动作的人物、工具等。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）大多数动词直接加-or 词例 含义 词例 含义 词例 含义 actor 男演员 director 董事；导演 detector 探测器 visitor 参观者 inventor 发明家 protector 保护者 conductor 指挥家;导体 collector 收藏家 connector 连接器 instructor 教练，导师 constructor 建造者 editor 编辑 sailor 水手，海员 conqueror 征服者 error 错误 (2) 以-te结尾的动词去-e再加-or 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 educate educator 教育家 translate translator 翻译家 calculate calculator 计算器 generate generator 发电机 operate operator 接线员 accelerate accelerator 加速器，油门 cooperate cooperator 合作者 create creator 创立者 * 注意donate这个词的特殊变化： donate donor 捐赠者 三、名词性后缀-ist 1. 适用对象：在动词、名词、形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示“……信仰者”、专家、从事……的人。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）以-l, -n, -r, -t结尾的形容词、名词直接加-ist 词例 含义 词例 含义 词例 含义 socialist 社会主义者 novelist 小说家 specialist 专家 journalist 记者 medalist 奖牌得主 violinist 小提琴家 perfectionist 完美主义者 receptionist 接待员 conservationist 环保主义者 tourist 游客 artist 艺术家 （2）以-e, -o结尾的词先去除-e, -o再加-ist 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 cycle cyclist 骑单车者 pure purist 纯粹主义者 type typist 打字员 piano pianist 钢琴家 （3）以下几个变化特殊，请注意观察 名词 名词 含义 名词 名词 含义 physics physicist 物理学家 science scientist 科学家 chemistry chemist 化学家 四、名词性后缀-ian 1.适用对象：加在名词、形容词之后。 2.内在含义：表示“具有某专长的人”或“来自某地的人”。 3.变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）以-c, -t, -il结尾的名词直接加-ian 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 music musician 音乐家 magic magician 魔术师 Egypt Egyptian 埃及人 Christ Christian 基督教徒 civil civilian 平民 Brazil Brazilian 巴西人 （2）以-y结尾的名词去-y加-ian 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 library librarian 图书管理员 Italy Italian 意大利人 （3）以-ia结尾的洲名、国名只需加-n 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 Asia Asian 亚洲人 India Indian 印度人 Russia Russian 俄国人 Australia Australian 澳大利亚人 （4）其它变化 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 politics politician 政治家 mathematics mathematician 数学家 physical physician 内科医生 Canada Canadian 加拿大人 五、名词性后缀-ant 1.适用对象：加在动词之后。 2.内在含义：表示做某事的人、起某种作用的物。 3.变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）以-t结尾的动词直接加-ian 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 account accountant 会计 assist assistant 助手 consult consultant 顾问 （2）以-e结尾的动词去-e加-ant 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 pollute pollutant 污染物 serve servant 仆人 （3）特殊变化 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 participate participant 参与者 apply applicant 申请人 六、名词性后缀-eer 1. 适用对象：在名词、形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示“与……有关的人。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 mountain mountaineer 登山运动员 engine engineer 工程师 voluntary volunteer 志愿者 七、名词性后缀-ee 1. 适用对象：在动词、名词、形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示“动作的承受者”，与-er结尾的同根词有相反关系，试比较： 派生词 含义 派生词 含义 派生词 含义 employer 雇主 interviewer 面试官 trainer 培训教官 employee 雇员 interviewee 面试者 trainee 培训学员 跟踪训练 单句语法填空 1.He asked the (village) on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 2.The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known (paint). 3.He is a famous ____________ (invent). We all admire him very much. 4.My dream is to be a great ___________ (act). I want to perform on the big stage. 5.The man whom you met just now is my teacher. He is a respected __________ (educate). 6.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great (art) to come and present their finest work, so that he could choose the best. 7.Finally with my mom’s help, the (tour) reunited with her partners. 8.Who could be replaced:Cashiers,__________(library),and retail _________(assist). 9.40 of the course ______________(participate) are offered employment with the company. 10._____________(employ) can retire at 60 if they choose. 1.villagers 2.painter 3.inventor 4.actor 5.educator 6.artists 7.tourist 8.librarians; assistants 9.participants 10.Employees 基础训练 一、名词辨析题 1.The ______ of online learning allows students to study at their own pace and schedule. A．possibility B．stability C．flexibility D．reliability 2.With the development of artificial intelligence, a growing public ________ has emerged about its potential impact on the job market. A．curiosity B．debate C．fortune D．harmony 3.The story of The Hunchback of Notre-Dame reminds us that a person’s worth lies in their inner beauty and ________, rather than their social status or physical appearance. A．compromise B．integrity C．prejudice D．occupation 4.To protect the local ecosystem, the government has issued a strict ________ to limit the number of tourists entering the nature reserve every day. A．receipt B．discount C．regulation D．souvenir 5.It is clear that whole world is passing through a social rejuvenation in which a central must be taken by scientists and technologists. A．process B．attention C．measure D．part 6.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our ________. A．benefits B．processes C．crowds D．failures 7.With the continuous ________ of its overseas markets, the local enterprise has gradually become a well-known brand in the international field. A．extension B．explosion C．expansion D．exposure 8.The school has a system of _______ and punishments to encourage good behavior. A．prices B．funds C．profits D．rewards 9.This kind and generous man created ________ for the homeless and promoted education and services for people in need. A．complexity B．emergency C．awards D．shelters 10. China’s Victory Day commemorations have strengthened the nation’s________ and confidence in building a strong country. A．compassion B．resolve C．assurance D．declaration 11.The two sides have finally reached a(n)___________,though some small differences still exist. A.announcement B.agreement C.amazement D.achievement 12.The girl received no approval of his family as her marriage with an African boy was regarded as a ___________from tradition. A.violation B.departure C.withdrawal D.separation 13.As an American living in Tianjin for about 10 years,Chris says that it has been a _____________ be a witness to China’s great progress. A.privilege B.preference C.priority D.principle 14.Now that the banks are back on their feet,we expect the extraordinary _________from them to help rebuild the economy. A.category B.commitment C.component D.competence 15.It can’t be a(n)__________that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. A.coincidence B.accident C.incident D.chance 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.A 二、单句语法填空题 1.It uses transparent double glass and a hidden channel to reduce carbon deposition,which is a perfect ______________(combine) of green initiative and the Olympic sprite. 2.Refuting years of _____________(assume) about the universal benefits of panda conservation,Dr.Wang and his colleagues report that a number of other threatened species are not being protected by the panda umbrella. 3.Not farm from Mei’s address,the first theater for Peking Opera___________ (perform) was created in 1954,five years after founding of the People’s Republic of China. 4.The complex layout of the turret posed an unprecedented (史无前例的) technical challenge for Zhang and his team designers and ______________(develop). 5.Chang An is undoubtedly a masterpiece that shows the unique______________ (characteristic) of Chinese culture to the world. 6.We should try our best to live up to our parents’_____________(expect). 7.Simple _____________(direct) for assembling the model are printed on the box. 8.You’d better take into account your own ____________(strong) and weaknesses before choosing a major. 9.This list ranked companies that make charitable _____________(contribute) of a half million dollars or more. 10.Most longdistance trains,especially the sleeping car_________________ (accommodate),sell out very quickly. 11.The film has raised the audiences’_____________(aware) and enhanced their love and belief in Chinese culture. 12.The most famous guqin_____________(music) was Yu Boya in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. 13.Wang’s ____________(brave) to innovate have inspired many people. 14.However,from the study the authors draw the ____________(conclude) that artificial sweetener shouldn’t be used as a safe alternative to sugar. 15.Apart from ren,Confucius put forward another concept,which is yi or righteousness.Yi is the codes of conduct under the _____________(guide) of ren. 16.At age 18,she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of _____________(marry) like the majority of girls. 17.Bill will be a (n)___________(report) to interview the football players in the coming Olympics. 18.This ancient Sichuan art form might not be as common as it once was,but it still has the power to amaze___________(tour) who come across talented street artists that make these amazing creations. 19.It is the first large showcase of ancient books from the ___________(collect). 20.Hearing birdsong is a ___________(remind) that we’re not alone in the great outdoors----or in life. 1.combination 2.assumption 3.performances 4.developers 5.characteristics 6.expectations 7.directions 8.strengths 9.contributions 10.accommodations 11.awareness 12.musician 13.bravery 14.conclusion 15.guidance 16.marriage 17.reporter 18.tourists 19.collection 20.reminder 三、短语填空 stir up; on earth; be out of poverty; simply put; make out; be on the rise; in defence of ; go viral; go for it; deep down 1.What ________________shall I do,when she begins to whine and cry for you? 2.Do you get_______________bu reading newspapers or watching the news on TV or on the Net? 3.I have so many friends,but_________________,underneath,I have a fear of loneliness. 4.__________________,your body’s health is a reflection of your mental health. 5.Crime rates ___________________in the city now. 6.Millions of Chinese ______________________in the past ten years. 7.The video of the cute cat ________________on social media years ago. 8.It gives them the encouragement,I think,to really _____________________. 9.So far as I could _______________,what writers did couldn’t even be classified as work. 10.We should pay tribute to soldiers died _________________our country. 1.on earth 2.stirred up 3.deep down 4.Simply put 5. are on the rise 6.have been out of poverty 7.went viral 8.go for it 9.make out 10.in defence of 能力提升 一、阅读理解 For Connor Dennehy, a physical teacher at Cordello Avenue Elementary School, physical fitness is not about nurturing star athletes but building confidence through purposeful movement. He is especially dedicated to ensuring that students with special needs, who he says “deserve the same chance to find joy in movement as every other child,” can cultivate sustainable happiness. While initially desiring to become a physical therapist (治疗师), he found himself particularly drawn to education through his mother and stepfather, both seasoned educators on Long Island. After completing his specialized training at SUNY Cortland, he enthusiastically joined this school in 2021, valuing the opportunity to work with young students. Rather than conducting standardized drills, he uses multi-sensory strategies: pairing verbal instructions for pushups with visual step cards, and using soft foam (泡沫) balls to help those with motor skill challenges feel successful. For students uninterested in movement, he leans into their strengths — like creating a “rhythm jump-rope” activity for a music-loving student who dislikes team sports. Nathaniel Marner, the school principal, described Dennehy as a “forward-thinking educator who constantly invents creative ways to engage students.” This impact is perhaps best illustrated by the genuine feedback from his students. Fourth-grader Lopez also showed her ultimate approval, “He’s cool.” She further explained more about his appealing personality and the diverse activities he has introduced, from basic exercises to various sports. Beyond the school’s walls, Dennehy extends his educational impact through coaching the junior volleyball team and instructing student participation in regional fitness programs. Yet his most rewarding professional moment remains fundamentally simple: surveying his gymnasium to witness his students actively engaged, each face reflecting the genuine joy of movement — a proof to his success in making physical education an accessible source of confidence and well-being. 1. What does Dennehy’s teaching particularly focus on? A. Building lasting happiness for all students. B. Ensuring equal joy for special-needs students. C. Boosting young students’ confidence via movement. D. Training talented students to become professional athletes. 2. What influenced Dennehy’s career choice? A. The example of his family members. B. His early training in physical therapy. C. A desire to reform school sports programs. D. An offer from Cordello Avenue Elementary. 3. Which of the following best describes Dennehy’s teaching style? A. Strict and skill-focused. B. Diverse and personalized. C. Multi-sensory and routine. D. Standardized and competitive. 4. Why does Dennehy consider his work worthwhile? A. He sees his students enjoy moving. B. He has won several teaching awards. C. He receives praise from the principal. D. He coaches a successful volleyball team. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小学体育教师康纳·丹尼希通过个性化教学帮助学生建立自信并享受运动的故事。 【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“For Connor Dennehy, a physical teacher at Cordello Avenue Elementary School, physical fitness is not about nurturing star athletes but building confidence through purposeful movement.(对于科德罗大道小学的体育老师康纳·丹尼希来说，身体素质的培养不在于培养明星运动员，而在于通过有目的的运动建立自信)”可知，丹尼希的教学重点是通过有目的的运动来提升学生的自信，而不是培养明星运动员。故选C。 【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“While initially desiring to become a physical therapist (治疗师), he found himself particularly drawn to education through his mother and stepfather, both seasoned educators on Long Island.(虽然他最初想成为一名物理治疗师，但他发现自己的母亲和继父都是长岛经验丰富的教育工作者，这让他对教育产生了浓厚的兴趣)”可知，丹尼希的母亲和继父都是资深教育工作者，他们的榜样作用对他选择教育职业产生了重要影响。故选A。 【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Rather than conducting standardized drills, he uses multi-sensory strategies: pairing verbal instructions for pushups with visual step cards, and using soft foam (泡沫) balls to help those with motor skill challenges feel successful. For students uninterested in movement, he leans into their strengths — like creating a “rhythm jump-rope” activity for a music-loving student who dislikes team sports.(他没有进行标准化的训练，而是采用多感官教学策略：将俯卧撑的口头指令与视觉步骤卡片相结合，并使用软泡沫球帮助那些有运动技能挑战的学生获得成功感。对于对运动不感兴趣的学生，他发挥他们的长处——比如为一位喜欢音乐但不喜欢团队运动的学生设计了“节奏跳绳”活动)”以及第三段“Fourth-grader Lopez also showed her ultimate approval, “He’s cool.” She further explained more about his appealing personality and the diverse activities he has introduced, from basic exercises to various sports.(四年级学生洛佩兹也表示了她的极度认可：“他很酷。”她进一步解释了他吸引人的个性和他引入的多样化活动，从基础锻炼到各种运动)”可知，丹尼希的教学方式既个性化又多样化，能够根据学生的不同需求和兴趣设计教学活动。故选B。 【4题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Yet his most rewarding professional moment remains fundamentally simple: surveying his gymnasium to witness his students actively engaged, each face reflecting the genuine joy of movement — a proof to his success in making physical education an accessible source of confidence and well-being.(然而，他最有价值的职业时刻仍然非常简单：巡视体育馆，看到学生们积极参与运动，每张脸上都洋溢着真正的喜悦——这证明了他成功地将体育教育变成了学生获取自信和幸福的途径)”可知，丹尼希认为他的工作最有价值的是看到学生们享受运动的过程。故选A。 二、语法填空 Jiuzhaigou Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a place of breathtaking beauty that seems to belong to another world. Located in the mountains of Sichuan Province, this valley, with its world-famous reputation, ____1____ (witness) millions of visitors each year to a journey of a fairyland on earth. The valley is named after the nine Tibetan villages ____2____ (dot) throughout its area with its most iconic features — the multicolored lakes, ____3____ crystal-clear water reflects the surrounding forests and sky in astonishing colors of emerald (翡翠). Walking along the wooden plank (板条) paths, people feel as if they are stepping into ____4____ living painting, where the air is fresh, and the silence is broken only by the sound of water ____5____ (flow) or birds singing in the ancient trees. It is this ____6____ (harmony) combination of elements that makes Jiuzhaigou so unique. However, a major earthquake causing significant damages happened in 2017, leading to a series of geological changes and the temporary ____7____ (close) of the park. Since then, greater efforts ____8____ (make) to restore its natural beauty and stricter tourist management policies have been carried out, like limiting the number of daily visitors to minimize human impact effectively. Today, Jiuzhaigou stands ____9____ a powerful model of nature’s resilience and conservation, reminding us that we are not the owners of such wonders, ____10____ their guardians. Preserving its splendor for future generations is a responsibility we all share. 【答案】1. witnesses 2. dotting 3. whose 4. a 5. flowing 6. harmonious 7. closing 8. have been made 9. as 10. but 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了九寨沟的自然美景、地震后的恢复以及保护措施。 【1题详解】考查动词时态。句意：这个山谷以其世界闻名的声誉，每年见证数百万游客来到这个人间的仙境之旅。根据时间状语“each year”可知，此处描述的是经常性的动作，因此使用一般现在时，主语this valley是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填witnesses。 【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个山谷以散布在其区域的九个藏族村庄命名，其最具标志性的特征是五彩斑斓的湖泊，其清澈的水反映出周围森林和天空的惊人翡翠色。句中已有谓语动词is named，因此空格处需用非谓语动词形式，dot“散布”与其逻辑主语nine Tibetan villages之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填dotting。 【3题详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词lakes，且在从句中作定语，修饰名词crystal-clear water，表示所属关系，即“湖泊的清澈的水”，因此使用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 【4题详解】考查冠词。句意：沿着木板路行走，人们感觉仿佛走进了一幅活生生的画，那里空气清新，寂静只被流水声或古树上鸟儿的歌声打破。此处泛指“一幅活生生的画”，且living是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词a。故填a。 【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。and之后的并列句已有谓语动词is broken，因此空格处需用非谓语动词形式，flow“流动”与其逻辑主语water之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填flowing。 【6题详解】考查形容词。句意：正是这种和谐的元素组合使得九寨沟如此独特。空处修饰名词combination，需用harmony的形容词形式harmonious作定语，表示“和谐的”。故填harmonious。 【7题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，2017年发生了一场造成重大破坏的大地震，导致了一系列地质变化和公园的暂时关闭。根据空前“the temporary”和空后的“of”可知，空处需用close的名词形式作宾语，表示“关闭；停业”。故填closing。 【8题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：从那时起，人们付出了更大的努力来恢复其自然美景，并实施了更严格的旅游管理政策，如限制每日游客数量以有效减少人类影响。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，此处描述的是从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，因此使用现在完成时，且主语greater efforts与谓语动词make之间是被动关系，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been made。 【9题详解】考查介词。句意：今天，九寨沟作为自然韧性和保护的强大典范屹立不倒，提醒我们，我们不是这些奇迹的所有者，而是它们的守护者。此处使用固定搭配stand as表示“作为……而存在；是……的典范”。故填as。 【10题详解】考查连词。句意同上。根据句意，表示“不是……而是……”用not...but...。故填but。 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考词汇变形记-----------------------------后缀篇 2、名词后缀表“人” 思维导图： 一、名词性后缀-er 1. 适用对象：在动词、名词、形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示执行该动作的人物、工具或具有该动作功能的试剂等。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）大多数动词直接加-er 词例 含义 词例 含义 词例 含义 fighter 战士；战机 sweeter 甜味剂 hunter 猎人 counter 柜台 painter 画家 interpreter 口译员 reporter 记者 poster 招贴画 owner 主人 cleaner 清洁工/剂/器 porter 搬运工 prisoner 囚犯 farmer 农民 performer 表演者 foreigner 外国人 recorder 录音机 leader 领袖 reader 读者 speaker 演讲人 cooker 炊具 founder 创立者 teacher 教师 killer 杀手 traveler 旅行者 researcher 研究者 thriller 恐怖片 photographer 摄影师 singer 歌手 container 容器 reminder 提醒物 * 注意remain这个词的特殊变化： remain remainder 剩余物 （2）重读闭音节结尾的动词需双写辅音字母再加-er 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 begin beginner 初学者 win winner 获胜者 rob robber 抢劫犯 run runner 奔跑者 rub rubber 橡皮擦 dig digger 挖掘机/者 （3）以-e结尾的动词只需直接加-r 词例 含义 词例 含义 词例 含义 writer 作家，作者 officer 军官; 警官 user 用户 rider 骑手 ruler 统治者；尺 eraser 橡皮擦 smoker 吸烟者 settler 移居者 driver 司机 joker 爱搞笑的人 manager 经理 diver 潜水员 villager 村民 stranger 陌生人 receiver 电话听筒 （4）以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词变y为i再加-er 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 carry carrier 搬运者 worry worrier 多愁善感者 （5）以元音字母加-y结尾的动词则直接加-er 词例 含义 词例 含义 词例 含义 pay payer 付账者 play player 表演者 employ employer 雇主 destroy destroyer 毁灭者 （6）以-aw结尾的动词先加-y再加-er 名词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 law lawyer 律师 saw sawyer 锯木工人 二、名词性后缀-or 1. 适用对象：加在动词之后（大多数是以-t或-te结尾的动词）。 2. 内在含义：表示执行该动作的人物、工具等。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）大多数动词直接加-or 词例 含义 词例 含义 词例 含义 actor 男演员 director 董事；导演 detector 探测器 visitor 参观者 inventor 发明家 protector 保护者 conductor 指挥家;导体 collector 收藏家 connector 连接器 instructor 教练，导师 constructor 建造者 editor 编辑 sailor 水手，海员 conqueror 征服者 error 错误 (2) 以-te结尾的动词去-e再加-or 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 educate educator 教育家 translate translator 翻译家 calculate calculator 计算器 generate generator 发电机 operate operator 接线员 accelerate accelerator 加速器，油门 cooperate cooperator 合作者 create creator 创立者 * 注意donate这个词的特殊变化： donate donor 捐赠者 三、名词性后缀-ist 1. 适用对象：在动词、名词、形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示“……信仰者”、专家、从事……的人。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）以-l, -n, -r, -t结尾的形容词、名词直接加-ist 词例 含义 词例 含义 词例 含义 socialist 社会主义者 novelist 小说家 specialist 专家 journalist 记者 medalist 奖牌得主 violinist 小提琴家 perfectionist 完美主义者 receptionist 接待员 conservationist 环保主义者 tourist 游客 artist 艺术家 （2）以-e, -o结尾的词先去除-e, -o再加-ist 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 cycle cyclist 骑单车者 pure purist 纯粹主义者 type typist 打字员 piano pianist 钢琴家 （3）以下几个变化特殊，请注意观察 名词 名词 含义 名词 名词 含义 physics physicist 物理学家 science scientist 科学家 chemistry chemist 化学家 四、名词性后缀-ian 1.适用对象：加在名词、形容词之后。 2.内在含义：表示“具有某专长的人”或“来自某地的人”。 3.变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）以-c, -t, -il结尾的名词直接加-ian 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 music musician 音乐家 magic magician 魔术师 Egypt Egyptian 埃及人 Christ Christian 基督教徒 civil civilian 平民 Brazil Brazilian 巴西人 （2）以-y结尾的名词去-y加-ian 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 library librarian 图书管理员 Italy Italian 意大利人 （3）以-ia结尾的洲名、国名只需加-n 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 Asia Asian 亚洲人 India Indian 印度人 Russia Russian 俄国人 Australia Australian 澳大利亚人 （4）其它变化 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 politics politician 政治家 mathematics mathematician 数学家 physical physician 内科医生 Canada Canadian 加拿大人 五、名词性后缀-ant 1.适用对象：加在动词之后。 2.内在含义：表示做某事的人、起某种作用的物。 3.变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）以-t结尾的动词直接加-ian 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 account accountant 会计 assist assistant 助手 consult consultant 顾问 （2）以-e结尾的动词去-e加-ant 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 pollute pollutant 污染物 serve servant 仆人 （3）特殊变化 动词 名词 含义 动词 名词 含义 participate participant 参与者 apply applicant 申请人 六、名词性后缀-eer 1. 适用对象：在名词、形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示“与……有关的人。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： 根词 派生词 含义 根词 派生词 含义 mountain mountaineer 登山运动员 engine engineer 工程师 voluntary volunteer 志愿者 七、名词性后缀-ee 1. 适用对象：在动词、名词、形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示“动作的承受者”，与-er结尾的同根词有相反关系，试比较： 派生词 含义 派生词 含义 派生词 含义 employer 雇主 interviewer 面试官 trainer 培训教官 employee 雇员 interviewee 面试者 trainee 培训学员 跟踪训练 单句语法填空 1.He asked the (village) on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 2.The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known (paint). 3.He is a famous ____________ (invent). We all admire him very much. 4.My dream is to be a great ___________ (act). I want to perform on the big stage. 5.The man whom you met just now is my teacher. He is a respected __________ (educate). 6.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great (art) to come and present their finest work, so that he could choose the best. 7.Finally with my mom’s help, the (tour) reunited with her partners. 8.Who could be replaced:Cashiers,__________(library),and retail _________(assist). 9.40 of the course ______________(participate) are offered employment with the company. 10._____________(employ) can retire at 60 if they choose. 基础训练 一、名词辨析题 1.The ______ of online learning allows students to study at their own pace and schedule. A．possibility B．stability C．flexibility D．reliability 2.With the development of artificial intelligence, a growing public ________ has emerged about its potential impact on the job market. A．curiosity B．debate C．fortune D．harmony 3.The story of The Hunchback of Notre-Dame reminds us that a person’s worth lies in their inner beauty and ________, rather than their social status or physical appearance. A．compromise B．integrity C．prejudice D．occupation 4.To protect the local ecosystem, the government has issued a strict ________ to limit the number of tourists entering the nature reserve every day. A．receipt B．discount C．regulation D．souvenir 5.It is clear that whole world is passing through a social rejuvenation in which a central must be taken by scientists and technologists. A．process B．attention C．measure D．part 6.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our ________. A．benefits B．processes C．crowds D．failures 7.With the continuous ________ of its overseas markets, the local enterprise has gradually become a well-known brand in the international field. A．extension B．explosion C．expansion D．exposure 8.The school has a system of _______ and punishments to encourage good behavior. A．prices B．funds C．profits D．rewards 9.This kind and generous man created ________ for the homeless and promoted education and services for people in need. A．complexity B．emergency C．awards D．shelters 10. China’s Victory Day commemorations have strengthened the nation’s________ and confidence in building a strong country. A．compassion B．resolve C．assurance D．declaration 11.The two sides have finally reached a(n)___________,though some small differences still exist. A.announcement B.agreement C.amazement D.achievement 12.The girl received no approval of his family as her marriage with an African boy was regarded as a ___________from tradition. A.violation B.departure C.withdrawal D.separation 13.As an American living in Tianjin for about 10 years,Chris says that it has been a _____________to be a witness to China’s great progress. A.privilege B.preference C.priority D.principle 14.Now that the banks are back on their feet,we expect the extraordinary _________from them to help rebuild the economy. A.category B.commitment C.component D.competence 15.It can’t be a(n)__________that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. A.coincidence B.accident C.incident D.chance 二、单句语法填空题 1.It uses transparent double glass and a hidden channel to reduce carbon deposition,which is a perfect ______________(combine) of green initiative and the Olympic sprite. 2.Refuting years of _____________(assume) about the universal benefits of panda conservation,Dr.Wang and his colleagues report that a number of other threatened species are not being protected by the panda umbrella. 3.Not farm from Mei’s address,the first theater for Peking Opera___________ (perform) was created in 1954,five years after founding of the People’s Republic of China. 4.The complex layout of the turret posed an unprecedented (史无前例的) technical challenge for Zhang and his team designers and ______________(develop). 5.Chang An is undoubtedly a masterpiece that shows the unique______________ (characteristic) of Chinese culture to the world. 6.We should try our best to live up to our parents’_____________(expect). 7.Simple _____________(direct) for assembling the model are printed on the box. 8.You’d better take into account your own ____________(strong) and weaknesses before choosing a major. 9.This list ranked companies that make charitable _____________(contribute) of a half million dollars or more. 10.Most longdistance trains,especially the sleeping car_________________ (accommodate),sell out very quickly. 11.The film has raised the audiences’_____________(aware) and enhanced their love and belief in Chinese culture. 12.The most famous guqin_____________(music) was Yu Boya in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. 13.Wang’s ____________(brave) to innovate have inspired many people. 14.However,from the study the authors draw the ____________(conclude) that artificial sweetener shouldn’t be used as a safe alternative to sugar. 15.Apart from ren,Confucius put forward another concept,which is yi or righteousness.Yi is the codes of conduct under the _____________(guide) of ren. 16.At age 18,she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of _____________(marry) like the majority of girls. 17.Bill will be a (n)___________(report) to interview the football players in the coming Olympics. 18.This ancient Sichuan art form might not be as common as it once was,but it still has the power to amaze___________(tour) who come across talented street artists that make these amazing creations. 19.It is the first large showcase of ancient books from the ___________(collect). 20.Hearing birdsong is a ___________(remind) that we’re not alone in the great outdoors----or in life. 三、短语填空 stir up; on earth; be out of poverty; simply put; make out; be on the rise; in defence of ; go viral; go for it; deep down 1.What ________________shall I do,when she begins to whine and cry for you? 2.Do you get_______________by reading newspapers or watching the news on TV or on the Net? 3.I have so many friends,but_________________,underneath,I have a fear of loneliness. 4.__________________,your body’s health is a reflection of your mental health. 5.Crime rates ___________________in the city now. 6.Millions of Chinese ______________________in the past ten years. 7.The video of the cute cat ________________on social media years ago. 8.It gives them the encouragement,I think,to really _____________________. 9.So far as I could _______________,what writers did couldn’t even be classified as work. 10.We should pay tribute to soldiers died _________________our country. 能力提升 一、阅读理解 For Connor Dennehy, a physical teacher at Cordello Avenue Elementary School, physical fitness is not about nurturing star athletes but building confidence through purposeful movement. He is especially dedicated to ensuring that students with special needs, who he says “deserve the same chance to find joy in movement as every other child,” can cultivate sustainable happiness. While initially desiring to become a physical therapist (治疗师), he found himself particularly drawn to education through his mother and stepfather, both seasoned educators on Long Island. After completing his specialized training at SUNY Cortland, he enthusiastically joined this school in 2021, valuing the opportunity to work with young students. Rather than conducting standardized drills, he uses multi-sensory strategies: pairing verbal instructions for pushups with visual step cards, and using soft foam (泡沫) balls to help those with motor skill challenges feel successful. For students uninterested in movement, he leans into their strengths — like creating a “rhythm jump-rope” activity for a music-loving student who dislikes team sports. Nathaniel Marner, the school principal, described Dennehy as a “forward-thinking educator who constantly invents creative ways to engage students.” This impact is perhaps best illustrated by the genuine feedback from his students. Fourth-grader Lopez also showed her ultimate approval, “He’s cool.” She further explained more about his appealing personality and the diverse activities he has introduced, from basic exercises to various sports. Beyond the school’s walls, Dennehy extends his educational impact through coaching the junior volleyball team and instructing student participation in regional fitness programs. Yet his most rewarding professional moment remains fundamentally simple: surveying his gymnasium to witness his students actively engaged, each face reflecting the genuine joy of movement — a proof to his success in making physical education an accessible source of confidence and well-being. 1. What does Dennehy’s teaching particularly focus on? A. Building lasting happiness for all students. B. Ensuring equal joy for special-needs students. C. Boosting young students’ confidence via movement. D. Training talented students to become professional athletes. 2. What influenced Dennehy’s career choice? A. The example of his family members. B. His early training in physical therapy. C. A desire to reform school sports programs. D. An offer from Cordello Avenue Elementary. 3. Which of the following best describes Dennehy’s teaching style? A. Strict and skill-focused. B. Diverse and personalized. C. Multi-sensory and routine. D. Standardized and competitive. 4. Why does Dennehy consider his work worthwhile? A. He sees his students enjoy moving. B. He has won several teaching awards. C. He receives praise from the principal. D. He coaches a successful volleyball team. 二、语法填空 Jiuzhaigou Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a place of breathtaking beauty that seems to belong to another world. Located in the mountains of Sichuan Province, this valley, with its world-famous reputation, ____1____ (witness) millions of visitors each year to a journey of a fairyland on earth. The valley is named after the nine Tibetan villages ____2____ (dot) throughout its area with its most iconic features — the multicolored lakes, ____3____ crystal-clear water reflects the surrounding forests and sky in astonishing colors of emerald (翡翠). Walking along the wooden plank (板条) paths, people feel as if they are stepping into ____4____ living painting, where the air is fresh, and the silence is broken only by the sound of water ____5____ (flow) or birds singing in the ancient trees. It is this ____6____ (harmony) combination of elements that makes Jiuzhaigou so unique. However, a major earthquake causing significant damages happened in 2017, leading to a series of geological changes and the temporary ____7____ (close) of the park. Since then, greater efforts ____8____ (make) to restore its natural beauty and stricter tourist management policies have been carried out, like limiting the number of daily visitors to minimize human impact effectively. Today, Jiuzhaigou stands ____9____ a powerful model of nature’s resilience and conservation, reminding us that we are not the owners of such wonders, ____10____ their guardians. Preserving its splendor for future generations is a responsibility we all share. 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $