Unit1-8 知识点整合 2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级下册

Unit1-8 知识点整合 译林版 八年级英语 下册 Unit 1　Past and present（过去与现在） 知识清单 Welcome to the unit 1. Our hometown has changed a lot over the years. 我们的家乡这些年来变化很大。 2. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（否定 used not to do / didn't use to do）。 3. There used to be a river in front of our school. 我们学校门前过去有一条河。 4. compare the past with the present 对比过去与现在。 5. in the past 在过去 / at present 现在。 Reading 1. Many people have moved into new flats. 许多人搬进了新公寓。 2. The government has built a new park. 政府新建了一个公园。 3. pollution n. 污染 → pollute v. 污染 → polluted adj. 被污染的。 4. improve v. 改善，改进 → improvement n. 改善。 5. northern adj. 北方的 → north n. 北方；western/southern/eastern 同理。 6. marry v. 结婚 → married adj. 已婚的；wife n. 妻子（复数 wives）→ husband n. 丈夫。 7. impossible adj. 不可能的 → possible adj. 可能的 → possibly adv. 可能地。 8. interview v./n. 采访 → interviewer n. 采访者。 Grammar 1. 现在完成时（1）：have/has + 动词的过去分词，表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2. 构成：肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词；否定句 haven't/hasn't+过去分词；疑问句 Have/Has+主语+过去分词？ 3. 标志词：already（已经，用于肯定句）、yet（还/尚未，用于否定句或疑问句末尾）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从不）、before（以前）、so far（到目前为止）、since（自从）、for（长达）。 4. I have seen the film Frozen Ⅱ twice. 我已经看过电影《冰雪奇缘2》两次了。 5. Tom hasn't finished his homework yet. 汤姆还没完成他的作业。 6. —Has your mother arrived at the train station? —Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't. 你妈妈到达火车站了吗？——是的，她到了。/不，她还没到。 7. 常与 for+一段时间 或 since+时间点/从句 连用（主句谓语动词须为延续性动词）。 Integration 1. Sunshine Town has changed a lot. 阳光镇变化很大。 2. take a bus to sp. = go to sp. by bus 乘公交车去某地。 3. in some ways 在某种程度上。 4. feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤独（lonely adj. 孤独的，修饰人）。 5. from time to time 不时，有时。 Further study 1. The changes have brought many benefits. 这些变化带来了许多好处。 2. It is meaningful to record the changes of our hometown. 记录家乡的变化很有意义。 Unit 2　Amazing China（壮美中国） 知识清单 Welcome to the unit 1. China is a great country with a long history. 中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。 2. places of interest 名胜古迹。 3. plan a trip to sp. 计划去某地旅行。 4. would like to do sth. 想要做某事。 Reading 1. The Great Wall lies in the north of China. 长城位于中国北方（lie v. 位于；躺 → lay → lain）。 2. be famous for... 因……而闻名 / be famous as... 作为……而闻名。 3. attract millions of visitors 吸引数百万游客（attract v. 吸引 → attraction n. 向往的地方；吸引）。 4. natural beauty 自然美景（natural adj. 自然的 → nature n. 自然）。 5. scenery n. 风景，景色（不可数）。 6. such as 例如（用于列举）。 Grammar 1. 现在完成时（2）：for + 时间段；since + 时间点或从句。 2. for two years / since 2020 / since I was a child 自从我小时候起。 3. 延续性动词与非延续性动词：非延续性动词（buy, die, come, leave, begin, borrow, marry, open）不能与 for/since 连用，需转换成延续性状态：buy→have had；die→be dead；come→be here/be in；leave→be away (from)；begin→be on；borrow→keep；marry→be married；open→be open。 4. I have had this book for two weeks. (= I bought this book two weeks ago.) 这本书我买了两周了。 5. He has been away from home since last Monday. 自从上周一他就离开家了。 6. have been to / have gone to / have been in 辨析：have been to 去过（已回）；have gone to 去了（未回）；have been in 待在（某地一段时间）。 7. She has been to Beijing twice. 她去过北京两次。 8. —Where is Tom? —He has gone to the library. 汤姆在哪儿？——他去图书馆了。 Integration 1. We have visited many beautiful cities. 我们参观了许多美丽的城市。 2. learn about Chinese culture 了解中国文化。 3. take photos 拍照。 4. It's a good chance to learn more about China. 这是更多了解中国的一个好机会。 Further study 1. Travelling helps us learn more about the world. 旅行帮助我们更多了解这个世界。 2. I hope to visit more places in China. 我希望游览中国更多的地方。 Unit 3　The world at one click（互联网时代） 知识清单 Welcome to the unit 1. The internet opens a window to the world. 互联网打开了一扇通往世界的窗户。 2. open our minds through online tours 通过在线旅游开阔我们的眼界。 3. No way!不可能！/没门儿！ 4. There are even online tour guides telling you all about them. 甚至还有在线导游向你介绍它们的一切。 5. That's an interesting way to learn about places. 那是一种了解地方的有趣方式。 6. I like to borrow books from the library if I want to know about a place. 如果我想了解一个地方，我喜欢从图书馆借书。 7. It's more convenient to visit a place online. Just one click away, you can find all the information about it. 在线游览一个地方更方便。只需点击一下，你就能找到关于它的所有信息。 Reading 1. Liverpool is an amazing city on the north‑west coast of England. 利物浦是英格兰西北海岸一座很棒的城市。 2. A visit to this lively city is a must if you love music, sport and culture. 如果你热爱音乐、体育和文化，那么游览这座充满活力的城市是必须的。 3. As the birthplace of the famous pop band, the Beatles, the city has always had a special place in British music history. 作为著名流行乐队——披头士乐队的诞生地，这座城市在英国音乐史上一直占有特殊的地位。 4. The music scene in Liverpool is still second to none. 利物浦的音乐景象仍然是首屈一指的。 be second to none 不亚于任何人/物；首屈一指；无人能及 5. You can enjoy live music there every day. 在那里你每天都可以欣赏到现场音乐。 live (adj.)现场演出的 live show 现场表演 live (adv.)现场直播地；实况转播地 cover live 6. A trip to Anfield Stadium will be a visit to remember, whether you are a football fan or not. 无论你是不是足球迷，去一趟安菲尔德球场都将会是一次难忘的经历。 whether(conj.)是否；不管…(还是) whether…or (not) 不管…与否 whether to do 介词+whether 7. You will get a real taste of the city's football culture. 你将真正体验到这座城市的足球文化。 8. As for the number of museums and cultural buildings, guess what? 至于博物馆和文化建筑的数量，你猜怎么着？ 9. Liverpool only comes after London in the UK. 在英国，利物浦仅次于伦敦。 10. So make some time to visit a few of them and take in a slice of Liverpool's culture. 所以留出一些时间去参观其中的几个，领略一下利物浦的文化风貌。 take in 吸收，吸入；理解，领会；收留；包括 11. Home to about nine million citizens and hundreds of different languages, New York is truly the biggest city in the USA. 作为大约九百万市民和数百种不同语言的所在地，纽约确实是美国最大的城市。 12. From famous buildings and bridges to museums and theatres to malls and restaurants, there is no doubt this city has a bit of everything. 从著名的建筑和桥梁，到博物馆和剧院，再到购物中心和餐馆，毫无疑问，这座城市拥有一切。 ① from…to…to… 从…到…再到… ② a bit of everything 什么都有点儿 ③ doubt(v./n.)怀疑 doubt whether/if 怀疑是否 not/never doubt that…不怀疑 There's no doubt that 毫无疑问 without doubt 毫无疑问 in doubt 不确定 13. Times Square is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. 时代广场是世界上最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。 14. Every year, thousands of people come here on New Year's Eve. 每年，成千上万的人在新年前夜来到这里。 15. It is fun counting down to midnight and watching the huge glass ball falling from the sky! 倒计时迎接午夜，看着巨大的玻璃球从天而降，真是有趣！ 16. This has been a tradition since 1907. 这自1907年以来一直是一个传统。 17. A trip to New York would not be complete without a walk through Central Park. 没有穿过中央公园散步，纽约之行就不算完整。 18. With lakes, hills and green grass, it is a great place for people to relax. 拥有湖泊、山丘和绿草地，这里是人们放松身心的好地方。 19. Since 1907, it has been a tradition for people in New York to go up a tower/ watch a glass ball drop on New Year's Eve. 自1907年以来，纽约人新年前夜去登塔/观看玻璃球降落一直是一个传统。 20. On New Year's Eve, many locals and tourists come to watch the London Eye to count down to the new year while they watch the firework show. 在新年前夜，许多当地人和游客来到伦敦眼，一边观看烟火表演，一边为新年倒计时。 21. This is, without doubt, a very popular event. 毫无疑问，这是一个非常受欢迎的活动。 22. Visitors also like to watch the Changing of the Guard outside Buckingham Palace. 游客们还喜欢在白金汉宫外观看卫兵换岗仪式。 23. The streets are always busy and full of excitement. 街道总是熙熙攘攘，充满了兴奋感。 24. You can enjoy anything from the perfect Italian pizza to fantastic Chinese food. 你可以享受从完美的意大利披萨到绝妙的中国食物等各种美食。 25. This city truly has something for everyone. 这座城市确实为每个人都提供了适合自己的东西。 Grammar 1. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 （1）一般过去式表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态，侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或存在的状态。与yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2022等时间状语连用。 （2）现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成(不一定结束)的动作或状态，强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。通常和many times, never, these days, this week, since, for等时间状语连用。 2. He brought back many fantastic things! 他带回了许多奇妙的东西！ 3. He hasn't been to China in person, but he has visited the Palace Museum online many times. 他没有亲自去过中国，但他已经在线游览过故宫博物馆很多次了。 4. By the way, have you checked out the museum's menu? 顺便问一下，你查看过博物馆的菜单了吗？ check out 察看，看一看；(从图书馆等)借出 5. Last month, I introduced some online museums to my friend Neil in the UK. 上个月我向英国朋友尼尔介绍了一些在线博物馆。 6. I have collected two pages of information from the website of the Water Cube so far. 到目前为止我已经从水立方的网站上收集了两页信息。 7. My sister Shirley signed up for a swimming training course on its website yesterday. 我姐姐雪莉昨天在其网站上报名了一个游泳训练课程。 ① sign (v.)签(名)；和…签约 sign up for 报名(参加课程) sign up to do sth 报名做某事 ② train (v.)培训，训练 train to be/as … 训练成为 train sb to do sth. 训练某人做某事 training (n.)培训，训练 8. They have put a list of different shows on the website recently. 他们最近在网站上发布了一份不同演出的列表。 make a list of… 列一张…的清单 on the list 在清单上 9. I wrote a report about online tours yesterday. 我昨天写了一篇关于在线旅游的报告。 10. I have sent the report to Mr. Wu already. 我已经把报告发给吴老师了。 11. Dad has explored different tourist attractions online to plan our family trip to China. 爸爸已经在线上探索了不同的旅游景点，来为我们家的中国之行做规划。 12. Dad has already booked our tickets online. 爸爸已经在线预订了我们的票。 13. He used websites to find suggestions on places to visit and made a list. 他用网站查找关于游览地点的建议并列了清单。 14. Dad has been to Chengdu twice, but he didn't have time to see the giant pandas. He fitted this into the trip this time. 爸爸去过成都两次，但他当时没时间看大熊猫。这次他把这个安排进了旅行计划。 fit A into B 把A安排进B(时间/行程)里 15. He told me that in China, people usually do not need to carry cash—they prefer to pay online. 他告诉我，在中国，人们通常不需要携带现金——他们更喜欢在线支付。 Integration 1. Digital Dunhuang: a window into the past 数字敦煌：一扇通往过去的窗户 2. Digital Dunhuang is an ongoing project. 数字敦煌是一个进行中的项目。 3. It shares the treasures of the Mogao Caves with people around the world through the internet. 它通过互联网与世界各地的人们分享莫高窟的宝藏。 4. The Mogao Caves include cave temples, paintings and sculptures. 莫高窟包括洞窟寺庙、壁画和雕塑。 5. They are not only art treasures from ancient China but also an important proof of the communication between different cultures along the ancient Silk Road. 它们不仅是中国古代的艺术瑰宝，也是古代丝绸之路上不同文化交流的重要证明。 ① proof (n.)证据，证明 prove (v.)证明，证实 ② communicate (v.)交流 communicate with sb 与某人交流 communication (n.)交流，交际 have communication with sb 与某人交流 6. Digital Dunhuang went online in 2016. 数字敦煌于2016年上线。 7. Now it provides lots of information about almost 300 caves, including some high‑quality 3D images and video tours. 现在它提供了关于近300个洞窟的大量信息，包括一些高质量的3D图像和视频导览。 8. Thanks to Digital Dunhuang, people from all over the world can have a fantastic travel experience without leaving home. 多亏了数字敦煌，世界各地的人们足不出户就能获得奇妙的旅行体验。 9. The project also shows new ways to protect the ancient site. 这个项目也展示了保护古代遗址的新方法。 10. What was online travel like?在线旅行是什么样的？ 11. listen to the sounds of the deep sea 聆听深海的声音 12. Thanks to the internet, there is a new way to travel — online. 多亏了互联网，有一种新的旅行方式——在线旅行。 13. It is both easier and cheaper.它既更容易也更便宜。 14. Exploring places in this way is exciting and helpful. 用这种方式探索地方既令人兴奋又有帮助。 15. You can see the colourful coral in all kinds of shapes and sizes. 你可以看到色彩斑斓、形态大小各异的珊瑚。 16. You can also watch the fish closely. 你还可以近距离观察鱼类。 closely (adv.)靠近地；细致地 watch…closely=take a close look at… 17. Next, you can fly from here to Canada in just a few clicks. 接下来，只需点击几下你就可以从这里飞到加拿大。 18. You should see Niagara Falls — a group of huge waterfalls lying between Canada and the USA. 你应该看一看尼亚加拉瀑布——位于加拿大和美国之间的一组巨大的瀑布。 19. Looking at the moving water is really relaxing. 看着流动的水真的很令人放松。 20. To complete your online trip, go to the CN Tower. 为了完成你的在线旅行，去加拿大国家电视塔吧。 21. I'm sure you will enjoy the beautiful lights! 我相信你会喜欢那美丽的灯光！ 22. Amy, you've explored Paris online, haven't you? 艾米，你在线游览过巴黎了，是吗？ 反意疑问句(助动词、时态、人称和前半句一致) ① 前肯后否，前否后肯。否定词：no, not, never, seldom, little, few, nothing, nobody, no one ② 按客观事实回答，不受问句的肯否结构干扰。在疑问句中，找到所做的事，根据答句判断：事实是肯定就用Yes+肯定结构；事实是否定就用No+否定结构 23. The city has so much to see — streets, squares, historic buildings, museums and so on. 这座城市有太多可看的东西——街道、广场、历史建筑、博物馆等等。 24. That's true, but it isn't the same if you aren't at the place in person. 没错，但如果你不是亲自在现场，是不一样的。 25. It depends on the website.这取决于网站。 26. You're right, but why walk if you can travel and be comfortable in your chair? 你说得对，但是如果能舒舒服服地坐在椅子上旅行，为什么还要走路呢？ 27. I see your point, although I still prefer real travel. 我明白你的观点，虽然我还是更喜欢真实的旅行。 That's true, but…; You're right, but… I see your point, although…. although /though (conj.)不过，然而；尽管。不能和but连用。 28. My online tour of the Louvre Museum 我的卢浮宫在线之旅 29. I learnt about the Louvre Museum in my Art lesson. I got very interested and decided to explore it online. 我在美术课上学到了关于卢浮宫的知识。我对此非常感兴趣，并决定在线探索它。 30. The Louvre lies in the heart of Paris, France. 卢浮宫位于法国巴黎的中心地带。 31. It used to be the home of French kings and queens and became a museum in 1793. 它曾是法国国王和王后的居所，并于1793年成为博物馆。 32. It is well known for its rich collection of classical paintings and sculptures. 它以其丰富的古典绘画和雕塑收藏而闻名。 33. I toured all four floors and saw so many fantastic works of art. 我参观了所有四层楼，看到了这么多精彩的艺术作品。 34. I could zoom in on the artwork to see every detail. 我可以放大艺术品，看到每一个细节。 zoom in 使画面放大，拉进 zoom out(镜头)拉近、缩小 35. There are also interesting introductions to the artworks so it is easy to learn more about them. 还有关于这些艺术品的有趣介绍，所以很容易了解更多关于它们的信息。 36. Online travel is a great way to visit museums. 在线旅行是参观博物馆的一个好方法。 37. The video tours and photos were excellent. 视频导览和照片都非常棒。 38. I felt like I was there in person. 我感觉就像亲自在那里一样。 39. Moreover, there were no crowds, and it was completely free. 此外，没有人群，而且完全免费。 40. I really had an amazing experience. 我真的有了一次很棒的体验。 Further study 1. The Natural History Museum in London takes visitors on an exciting trip to see some of the most amazing things in science and nature. 伦敦自然历史博物馆带领游客踏上一段激动人心的旅程，去见识科学和自然中一些最令人惊叹的事物。 2. If you have always wanted to see giant skeletons of different dinosaurs up close, this is the place for you! 如果你一直想近距离观察各种恐龙的巨大骨架，这里就是你的不二之选！ 3. Take a look at this museum online and find out more. Share your findings with your classmates. 在线看看这个博物馆，找出更多信息。与你的同学分享你的发现。 Unit 4　A good read（好书伴我行） 知识清单 Welcome to the unit 1. Reading is fun and useful. 阅读有趣又有用。 2. What kind of books do you like? 你喜欢什么类型的书？ 3. recommend a book to sb. 向某人推荐一本书（recommend v. 推荐 → recommendation n. 推荐）。 4. a good read 一本好书；一次愉快的阅读。 Reading 1. I have read a book called The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 我读了一本叫《汤姆·索亚历险记》的书。 2. worth adj. 值得的：be worth doing 值得做。 3. The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得读。 4. enrich v. 丰富（→ rich adj. 丰富的）。 5. character n. 角色；人物；文字。 6. describe v. 描述 → description n. 描述。 7. relax v. 放松 → relaxed adj. 感到放松的 → relaxing adj. 令人放松的。 8. too...to... 太……而不能……：too difficult to understand 太难而理解不了。 Grammar 1. 被动语态（1）：一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词；一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词。 2. 主动变被动：宾语变主语，谓语动词变为 be + done，原主语变为 by 短语（常可省略）。 3. We clean the classroom every day. → The classroom is cleaned every day. 我们每天打扫教室。→教室每天被打扫。 4. A new library was built last year. 去年建了一座新图书馆。 5. The book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。 6. 不及物动词（happen, take place, belong to）及短语动词无被动；主动表被动：The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 7. 疑问词 + 动词不定式：what to do, how to do it, where to go, which book to read，相当于名词，作宾语或宾语补足语。 8. I don't know what to read next. 我不知道接下来读什么。 9. Please tell me how to find the book. 请告诉我怎样找到这本书。 10. 含情态动词的被动：should be done / can be done / must be done。The book should be kept clean. 这本书应保持干净。 Integration 1. Reading makes a full man. 阅读使人充实。 2. spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事。 3. join a reading club 加入读书俱乐部。 4. share your ideas with others 与他人分享你的想法。 Further study 1. A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 2. Let's develop a good reading habit. 让我们养成良好的阅读习惯。 Unit 5　Good manners（礼貌待人） 知识清单 Welcome to the unit 1. Good manners and kindness are always in fashion. 良好的礼仪和善良的品质总是备受推崇的。 （1）manners n.[pl.]礼仪，礼貌 good manners 有礼貌 bad manners 没礼貌 table manners 餐桌礼仪 （2）be in fashion 流行；时髦 2. write about manners in different situations 写一写不同场合下的礼仪规范 3. become more aware of how to behave properly 更加意识到如何行为得体 behaviour/behavior n.行为 well‑behaved adj.表现好的 badly‑behaved adj.表现差的 behave oneself 守规矩 4. discuss the right and wrong things to do 讨论该做的正确之事和错误之事 5. drop litter 乱扔垃圾 litter n.垃圾；v.乱扔垃圾 no littering 禁止乱扔垃圾 litter the ground 乱扔垃圾到地上 6. leave the tap running 让水龙头一直开着 turn on/off the tap 打开/关闭水龙头 a running tap 流水的水龙头 7. wait in line patiently 耐心排队等候 （1）同义短语 queue up，多用于公共场合礼仪表达 cut in line 插队 stand in line 站队 （2）patiently adv.耐心地 patient adj.耐心的 ①adj.能忍耐的，有耐心的 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 ②n.病人，患者 8. keep quiet in the library 在图书馆保持安静 9. pick flowers in the park 在公园里摘花 10. follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则 11. congratulations 祝贺；恭喜 congratulations（复数形式）祝贺，可单独使用，也可在其后接on的介词短语来说明因何事而祝贺或接to的介词短语说明向谁祝贺。 send your congratulations to sb. 向某人致以祝贺 12. And don't forget to return to class on time. 而且别忘了准时回班里。 （1）on time 与 in time on time 准时，指按规定的时间或指定的时间做某事 in time 按时，指不迟到或在规定时间之前或者接近所规定的时间做某事 arrive on time 准时到达 finish the work on time 准时完成工作 be on time for class 准时上课 13. run in the hallways 在走廊里奔跑 in the hallway 在走廊里 school hallway 学校走廊 walk along the hallway 沿着走廊走 corridor 走廊，较正式 passage 过道 14. What else?还有什么 15. Don't leave rubbish anywhere. 不要到处乱扔垃圾 16. Help keep the school clean. 帮忙保持学校干净 17. in daily life 在日常生活中 Reading 1. When in Rome,do as the Romans do 入乡随俗 2. the differences and similarities between British and Chinese manners 中英礼仪的异同 3. Be kind enough to make me feel at home 如此友善让我感觉宾至如归 make sb feel at home 让某人感觉宾至如归 make oneself at home 别拘束；随便点（像在自己家一样） 4. For example, they normally use nin to address others in a formal situation. 例如，在正式场合他们通常用“您”来称呼他人。 （1）address ①v.称呼(某人)；冠以(某种称呼) address sb. as… 称某人为…… address sb. by… 以……称呼某人 ②v.写(收信人)姓名地址；致函 be addressed （信件等)被写上姓名地址 ③n.住址；地址；通信处 home address 住址 ④n. email address 电子邮件地址 (2)normally use sth. to do 通常用某物做某事 (3)others, other, the other,the others 与 another ①others 作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他事物”，相当于“other+复数名词”，其后不能接名词。 ②other “别的，其他的”，表示泛指，其后常接复数名词。 ③the other 强调两者中的另外一个，常用于one… the other…(一个……另一个……)。the other 后可接单数名词，也可不接名词。 ④the others 指整体中除去一部分之后剩余的全体，相当于“the other+复数名词”,其后不能再跟名词。 ⑤another 可用作限定词或代词，用于泛指三者或者三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”。 5. If you want to show politeness and respect for others, you can't go wrong with nin. 你如果想对他人表示礼貌和尊重，用“您”准错不了。 （1）politeness 礼貌 out of politeness 出于礼貌 with politeness 礼貌地 show politeness to sb 对某人表现出礼貌 （2）polite adj.礼貌的 be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌 （3）impolite adj.失礼的,粗鲁的,不礼貌的 （4）go wrong with sb. 某人遇到麻烦；某人出问题 6. I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently from the British when it comes to praise. 我还意识到，在面对赞美时，中国人的表现与英国人不同。 （1）realize ①realize one's mistake 意识到某人的错误 It is realized that…人们意识到…… ②实现 dream(梦想)/aim(目标)等。 realize one's dream 实现某人的梦想 （2）behave v. behaviour n行为；举止；态度；表现方式 behave well/ badly 表现好/不好 behave like…表现得像…… behave… towards sb 对某人表现出……态度 behave oneself 举止得体、守规矩(反身代词需随主语变化) （3）praise ①n.称赞，赞美 in praise of 称赞，赞美 sing sb's praises 高度赞扬某人 give praise to sb. 表扬某人 receive praise from sb. 得到某人的称赞 ②v.称赞，赞美 praise sb. for(doing) sth. 因(做)某事而赞美某人 7. If someone says my Chinese is good, I'll be pleased and tell them I love learning the language. 如果有人说我的中文很好，我会高兴，并告诉他们我喜欢学习这门语言。 pleased 高兴；满意的；愉快 be pleased with…对……满意 be pleased to do sth 乐意做某事 be pleased for sb 为某人感到高兴 8. But when I praise my Chinese friends,instead of saying “thank you”, they often smile and reply,“Nali, nali.” 但当我赞美我的中国朋友时，他们通常会微笑着回答“哪里，哪里”，而不是说“谢谢”。 instead of 代替；而不是 9. They are too modest to accept praise openly. 他们太谦虚了，不会公开接受赞美。 too…to… 太…以至于不能… 10. Can you talk openly about it with your parents? 你可以跟父母敞开谈这件事吗？ open ①v.打开 ②adj.开着的；营业的 反义词为 closed(关闭的；停止营业的)。 openly adv.公开地，毫不隐瞒地 11. One day, my host was nice enough to invite me to dinner, and he was so hospitable. 有一天，我的房东非常友好地邀请我共进晚餐，他非常好客。 host ①n.主人 host family 寄宿家庭 ②n.东道主；主办国(或城市、机构) the host nation/ country/ city 主办国/国家/城市 ③n.(电视或广播的)节目主持人 a radio/TV host 电台/电视节目主持人 ④v.主办；主持 host a meeting 主持会议 12. I ate so much because I was too polite to refuse! 我吃了很多，因为我太有礼貌了，不好意思拒绝！ ①refuse v.拒绝 refuse+名词/代词 拒绝…… ②refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 ③refuse sb. sth. 拒绝某人某物 13. They usually ask if everything is OK or if you want another drink. 他们通常会问一切是否安好，或者你是否想再来一杯。 if ①是否:用于引导宾语从句。 ②如果:引导条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。 14. It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences. 刚开始要适应所有这些差异可能很难。 get used to sth. 习惯于/适应某事(或某物) get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be used to do sth. 被用于做某事 15. How is everything going?一切过得怎么样 16. call people by their names 直呼别人的名字 17. I'm pleased to hear that.听到这个我很高兴 18. deal with the differences 处理这些差异 Grammar 1. （一）enough 的用法 2. 核心位置口诀：“名前形副后” 即它修饰名词时放在名词前面，修饰形容词或副词时放在形容词或副词后面 （1）enough + 名词 enough time to finish the work （2）形容词/副词 + enough big enough for us to live in 3. 常用句型： … enough (for sb.) to do sth. 足够……做某事 （二）too 的用法 (1) 核心用法：too + 形容词/副词 太…… too 表示程度过了，通常修饰形容词或副词，并且一般放在它们前面 You’re walking too fast. I can't follow you. 你走得太快了，我跟不上。 (2) 常用句型：too… to… 太……而不能…… 这是 too 最核心的句型，表示由于程度过度而导致否定结果 He is too young to go to school. 他太小了，不能去上学 （三）enough to… 与 too…to… 的互换 形容词/副词 + enough to do(足够…去做) ↔ too + 反义词 + to do (太……而不能) too + 形容词/副词 + to do(太……而不能) ↔ not + 反义词 + enough to do (不够……去做) 4. To enjoy world travel fully, avoid too much planning all at once. 为了充分享受环球旅行，避免同时做过多的计划。 fully ①完全地；全部地；充分地 be fully aware of充分意识到 ②整整；足足 It took me fully three hours to finish the model plane. 我花了整整三个小时才做完这个飞机模型。 5. Don't talk too loudly.不要说话太大声。 （1）loudly adv. 相当于loud的副词用法含有“吵闹”的意思 （2）aloud adv. “大声地” （3）loud adj. “响亮的；大声”可作定语 adv.“响亮地;大声” 常指说话声笑声 6. Don't walk too fast in case you run into someone. 不要走太快，以免撞到别人。 (1) in case 以防万一 in case of 如果；假使 in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话 (2) run into 撞上 ① run into sb撞上某人；偶然遇见/碰到某人 ② run into sth. a.撞上某物；途中遭遇(恶劣天气) b.遇到(困难等) run into danger/ trouble/ difficulties 遭遇危险/麻烦/困难 run sth into sb/ sth 开(车)撞上 ③达到(某种水平或数量) 7. Also, they are too kind to push past you when you are in their way. 而且，当你挡着他们的路时，他们太友善了，不会从你身边挤过去。 (1) push ①v.挤开；推动 反义词为 pull“拉”。 push hard 使劲推 push at sth推某物 push… away 推开…… ②v.按 ③n.推；努力 (2) past ①在另一边，到另一侧 ②晚于；在……之后 It is half past ten.现在是10点半。 ③多于；超过 The flowers are past their best. 这些花已过了盛开的季节。 ④过去的 在名词前作定语。 in past years 在过去的岁月 over the past ten years 在过去的10年间 ⑤过去 in the past过去，以前 ⑥(从旁边)经过 I heard her singing in the room when I walked past. 我经过时听到她正在房间里唱歌。 (3) in one's way 挡着……的路 on one's way to 在某人去……的路上 8. join the discussion 加入讨论 have a discussion about sth 就某事进行讨论 have a discussion with sb 与某人进行讨论 discuss sth with sb 与某人讨论某事 9. He would never lie or cheat. 他从不撒谎或欺骗。 cheat sb(out)of sth 从某人处骗取某物 10. If he promised others something, he always kept his word. 如果他向别人承诺了什么，他总是信守诺言。 promise sb sth 许诺某人某事/某物 promise to do sth 许诺做某事 promise+ that从句 承诺…… make promises/a promise(to sb) (向某人)许诺/承诺 make a promise to do sth 承诺做某事 keep a promise 遵守诺言 break a promise 违背诺言 keep one’s word 信守诺言 break one’s word 违背承诺；失信 (1) even though =even if 尽管 (2) of one’s own 属于某人自己的 on one's own单独地,独自地(相当于alone) (3) owner 物主;主人 the owner of…的主人 Integration 1. Minding your manners 注意你的礼仪 2. Two students paid a visit to Master Cheng,a well‑known teacher in the Song Dynasty. 两位学生拜访程大师——一位著名的老师在宋朝。 pay a visit to 拜访；访问 a well‑known teacher 一位著名的老师 3. Wait outside the house patiently 在屋外耐心等待 4. When the master woke up,he was moved to see the two students waiting in the deep snow. 当大师醒过来，看到两个学生在大雪中等待而深受感动。 be moved by 被……感动 move sb. to tears 感动得流泪 move sb. deeply深深打动某人 moving 令人感动的，修饰物 5. harm the artwork 损坏艺术品 6. Chinese people like to sit in a circle in a restaurant because it is easy for big groups to talk and reach the food in the middle. 中国人喜欢在餐馆里围坐成一圈，因为这样便于大群体交谈和够到中间的食物。 (1) sit in a circle 围坐成一圈 a circle of sth 圆形的…… in circles 绕圈 a circle of friends 一群朋友 (2) it is easy for big groups to talk 大群体容易交流 7. It is common to leave a tip. 留小费是普遍的。 leave a tip 留小费 a 10% tip 10%的小费 give a tip to the waiter给服务员小费 8. It is usually very peaceful inside because people have to be quiet there. 里面通常非常安静，因为人们在那里必须保持安静。 peaceful adj.安宁的，平静的 peace 加‑ful派生而来。 英语中，一些名词加后缀‑ful 可构成形容词，表示具有某种性质。 use→ useful 有用的 help→ helpful 有帮助的 success→ successful 成功的；有成就的 colour→ colourful 色彩鲜艳的 care→ careful 小心的；细致的 wonder→ wonderful 精彩的；绝妙的 9. This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors. 这很不礼貌，因为这会打扰其他参观者。 trouble sb with sth 为某事麻烦某人 trouble sb to do sth 麻烦某人做某事 (be) in trouble 处于困境中 get into trouble 陷入困境，造成麻烦 have trouble (in) doing sth = have problems (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 What's the trouble with you? 你出什么事了？ 10. Chinese people sometimes greet each other by shaking hands, but British people like to greet one another with a big hug,and sometimes we greet relatives or close friends with a kiss. 中国人有时通过握手互相问候，但英国人喜欢用大大的拥抱互相问候，有时我们会用亲吻问候亲戚或亲密朋友。 (1) sometimes 频度副词 有时 some times 名词短语 几次；几倍 sometime 副词 某个时间 some time 名词短语 一段时间 some time也可表示“某个时候”，此时与 sometime同义。 (2) give sb. a hug 给某人一个拥抱 hug sb. tightly 紧紧拥抱某人 hug each other 互相拥抱 (3) give sb. a kiss 亲吻某人 kiss sb. goodbye 吻别 11. Eat quietly with your mouth closed, and do not talk with food in your mouth. 闭上嘴巴安静地吃，嘴里有食物时不要说话。 But do not rush your meal unless you have to leave in a hurry. 除非你得匆忙离开,否则不要匆忙用餐。 (1) rush to sb’s aid立刻去帮助某人,火速驰援某人 rush around 四处奔波,忙得团团转 rush to do sth 急于/匆忙做某事 rush into(doing) sth 仓促做某事 rush sb 催促某人 rush into 冲进…… rush out of从……冲出来 (2) unless 除非 引导条件状语从句。如果主句时态为一般将来时、主句为祈使句或含有情态动词，unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。 unless在意义上相当于 if not,因此在有些情况下二者可以互换。 12. at the table 在餐桌旁；用餐时 13. When you are about to leave, say “thank you”。 当你即将离开时，说“谢谢”。 be about to do sth 即将,正要(做某事) 表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来。 sb be about to do sth when… 某人刚要做某事，这时…… Further study 1. The Book of Rites is a collection of writings on manners and rites before the Qin Dynasty. 《礼记》是关于秦朝之前有关礼仪规范的著作集。 2. It holds cultural value and plays an important role in traditional Chinese culture. 它具有文化价值，并且在中国传统文化中发挥重要的作用。 Unit 6　Sunshine for all（关爱他人） 知识清单 Welcome to the unit 1. We should help those in need. 我们应该帮助有需要的人。 2. in need 在困难中，需要帮助。 3. volunteer n. 志愿者 → voluntary adj. 志愿的，自愿的。 4. do voluntary work 做志愿工作。 Reading 1. Many disabled people need our help. 许多残疾人需要我们的帮助（disable v. → disabled adj. 残疾的）。 2. blind adj. 盲的 / deaf adj. 聋的。 3. train v. 训练 → training n. 训练。 4. expect v. 期待：expect to do sth. / expect sb. to do sth. 5. achieve v. 实现 → achievement n. 成就。 6. necessary adj. 必要的（反 unnecessary）→ It's necessary to do sth. 做某事是必要的。 Grammar 1. 动词不定式（to do）的用法： 2. (1) 作主语：It is + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth. It's important for us to learn English. 对我们来说学英语很重要。It's kind of you to help me.（形容词描述人用 of）你来帮助我真是太好了。 3. (2) 作宾语：want/hope/plan/decide/agree/refuse/expect/need + to do。They decided to join the charity show. 他们决定参加慈善演出。 4. (3) 作宾语补足语：tell/ask/want/teach sb. (how) to do sth. The teacher taught us how to help others. 老师教我们怎样帮助他人。 5. (4) 作目的状语：to do / in order to do / so as to do。We work to make the world better. 我们工作是为了让世界更美好。 6. (5) 固定句型：too...to...（太……而不能）；…enough to...（足够……去做）。He is too young to go to school. 他太小而不能上学。She is old enough to dress herself. 她足够大了能自己穿衣。 7. (6) 疑问词 + to do：what to do, how to do it, where to go。I don't know where to go first. 我不知道先去哪里。 8. by doing sth. 通过做某事（表方式）：We can help by raising money. 我们可以通过筹款来帮忙。 Integration 1. It's meaningful to help others. 帮助他人有意义。 2. raise money for charities 为慈善机构筹款。 3. cheer sb. up 使某人振奋。 4. make a difference 产生影响，起作用。 Further study 1. Small acts of kindness can bring sunshine to all. 小小的善举能给所有人带来阳光。 2. Everyone can do something to help. 每个人都能做点事来帮忙。 Unit 7　Charities（国际慈善） 知识清单 单元导入 1. Help and support can move mountains. 人齐心，泰山移。 2. read an interview with an Orbis doctor 阅读一篇对奥比斯医生的采访 3. better understand the importance of charities. 更好地理解慈善机构的重要性。 4. Many charities were created to help people in need. 许多慈善机构的创立是为了帮助有需要的人。 5. Let’s learn about some famous charities and discuss how they help make a better world. 让我们了解一些著名的慈善机构，并讨论它们如何帮助创造更美好的世界。 Welcome to the unit 1. For example, I’ve heard of Operation Smile. 例如，我听说过“微笑行动”这个组织。 2. It was founded in 1982. 它成立于1982年。 found (vt.) 创建；建立 set up 建立，创立 3. There are about 6,000 medical volunteers in this organization. 这个组织大约有6000名医疗志愿者。 medicine (n.) 医学；药 modern medicine 现代医学 medical (adj.) 医学的，医疗的 medical treatment 医疗；medical research 医学研究 4. Millions of children were born with lip problems. 数百万儿童出生时就伴有唇部问题。 5. It’s difficult for them to breathe, eat and speak. 他们呼吸、进食和说话都很困难。 breathe (v.) 呼吸 breathe heavily 气喘吁吁 breath (n.) 呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气 hold one’s breath 屏住气 take a deep breath 深呼吸 6. Operation Smile provides them with free operations and medical care. “微笑行动”为他们提供免费的手术和医疗服务。 7. Thanks to Operation Smile, every year, lots of children are helped and given a new life. 多亏了“微笑行动”，每年都有许多孩子得到帮助，重获新生。 Reading 1. Over one billion people around the world are suffering from different kinds of eye problems, and about 90 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured. 全世界有超过十亿人患有各种眼部疾病，其中大约90%的病例能被预防或治愈。 prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 sb be prevented from doing sth 某人被阻止做某事 2. However, many people don’t have money for medical treatment. 然而，许多人没有钱接受医治。 treat (vt.) 医治；以…方式对待 treatment (n.) 治疗 3. Orbis’s Flying Eye Hospital Project was started in 1982 with the aim of helping patients in poor areas. 奥比斯的“飞行眼科医院”项目始于1982年，旨在帮助贫困地区的患者。 aim (n.) 目的，目标 the aim of… is to do sth …的目的是做… aim (v.) 力争做到；瞄准 aim to do sth 力争做某事 4. On the plane, volunteer doctors do operations. 在飞机上，志愿医生进行手术。 ① operation (n.)手术； do/have an operation on sb 在某人身上动手术 ② operate (v.)做手术； operate on sb 在某人身上动手术 →sb be operated on 某人被做手术 5. Why did Orbis choose to use a plane as a hospital? 奥比斯为什么选择用飞机作为医院？ 6. Many of our patients can’t afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them. 我们的许多病人付不起去医院的钱，所以我们得去到他们那里。 afford (vt.) 能做，买得起 afford sth 买得起某物 afford to do sth 负担得起做某事 7. Our plane is also used as a training centre. 我们的飞机还被用作培训中心。 use…as… →…be used as… 被用作… use…to do sth→…be used to do … 被用来做… 8. Local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations. 当地的医生和护士被邀请到飞机上学习眼科手术。 9. By training them, we hope more people will benefit from this. 通过培训他们，我们希望更多人能从中受益。 benefit (n.)优势，益处，成效 be of benefit to… 对…有益 for the benefit of… 为了…的利益 benefit (v.) benefit… 使…受益 10. Last year more than 38,000 eye care training classes were held. 去年举办了超过38000场眼科护理培训课。 11. How many operations do you do during a visit? 在一次出诊期间，你们做多少例手术？ 12. During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on. 在我上一次出诊期间，150名患者接受了手术。 13. We’re proud to help people see again. 我们为帮助人们重见光明而感到自豪。 proud (adj.) 自豪的，骄傲的 be proud of… 为…感到自豪 be proud to do sth 做某事感到骄傲 pride (n.) 骄傲；可引以为豪的人或物 the pride of… …的骄傲 14. Is there anything else you’d like to say to our readers? 您还有什么想对我们的读者说的吗？ 15. Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured. 现代医学正在迅速发展，现在大多数眼部问题及疾病都可以得到治疗甚至治愈。 16. But we need more money to carry on with our work. 但我们需要更多的钱来继续做我们的工作。 carry on with sth 继续做某事 carry on doing sth 继续做某事 17. We hope more people will support us. 我们希望更多的人来支持我们。 18. I’m sure this interview will help more people understand and support your important work. 我相信这篇采访会帮助更多人理解并支持你们的重要工作。 interview(v./n.) 采访；会见 interviewer 采访者 interview sb=have an interview with sb 采访某人 19. Thank you very much for your time. 非常感谢您抽出时间。 20. I am writing to express my deep thanks to you and everyone at Orbis. 我写信是为了向您和奥比斯的每一位成员表达我深深的谢意。 21. Last year, my eye problem was cured, and this has brought light and colour to my life. 去年，我的眼疾被治愈了，这给我的生活带来了光明和色彩。 22. For this, I am forever grateful. 为此，我永远感激不尽。 grateful (adj.) 感激的 be grateful to… 对…感激 be grateful to sb for… 因…而感激… 23. Before the operation, I lived in darkness. 手术前，我生活在黑暗中。 dark (adj.)深色的；黑暗的 (n.)黑暗，暗处 in the dark 在黑暗中 darkness (n.) 黑暗 in darkness 泛指处于黑暗的状态 in the darkness 特指某一处具体的暗处 24. I couldn’t afford to go to hospital, and I was losing hope. 我付不起去医院的费用，渐渐失去了希望。 25. Thanks to Orbis, I was able to receive the medical treatment. 多亏了奥比斯，我才能接受医治。 26. Now, so many things in my life have improved. 现在，我生活中的许多事情都改善了。 27. I can see the world around me clearly, and I have a better future. 我可以清楚地看到周围的世界，并且有了更美好的未来。 28. I can follow my dream of becoming a doctor. 我可以追随我成为医生的梦想了。 29. My aim is to work with a charity like Orbis. 我的目标是加入像奥比斯这样的慈善机构工作。 30. Many diseases, like the problem with my eyes, can be treated easily now, but a lot of people have to turn to charities for help because they don’t have enough money. 现在许多疾病，比如我患的眼病，都很容易治疗，但是很多人因为缺钱而不得不向慈善机构求助。 31. Thank you once again for changing my life! 再次感谢您改变了我的生活！ 32. I hope you will carry on helping people for many years to come. 我希望你们在未来的许多年里能继续帮助人们。 Grammar 1. A young boy was blinded in a car accident in January this year. 今年一月，一个小男孩因车祸失明了。 2. Two months later, he was cured by Orbis doctors. 两个月后，他被奥比斯的医生治愈了。 3. In addition to helping patients directly, Orbis does many other things. 除了直接帮助病人，奥比斯还做了许多其他事情。 ① direct(adj.)直达的，直接的 directly (adv.)直接地→indirect(adj.)间接的 direction (n.)方向 have a good sense of direction 有方向感 in all directions=in every direction 四面八方 direct (v.)导演；指导→director (n.)导演 ② in addition to doing sth 除…之外（还） in addition, +句子 besides (prep.)（还有…）（包括） (adv.)而且，此外 except=except for (prep.) 除…之外 （不包括） 4. For example, local doctors and nurses are trained by Orbis so that they can better help patients. 例如，当地医生和护士接受奥比斯的培训，以便能更好地帮助病人。 5. With the help of Orbis and its volunteers, the lives of many patients with eye problems all over the world are improved. 在奥比斯及其志愿者的帮助下，全世界许多眼疾患者的生活得到了改善。 6. Charity activities are planned to help the poor. 人们策划慈善活动来帮助穷人。 7. Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers. 传单由志愿者分发给街上的行人。 8. Old toys and books are sold to raise money. 人们出售旧玩具和旧书来筹款。 9. New books were sent to children in need by the Class 1, Grade 8 students. 八年级一班的学生们给需要的孩子们寄去了新书。 10. Warm clothes were collected for children in disaster areas. 人们为灾区的孩子们募集了保暖衣物。 11. A charity show was held in the school hall. 一场慈善演出在学校礼堂举行了。 12. Every year, lots of money is raised by different charities. 每年，不同的慈善机构会筹集到大量资金。 13. The money is used to help people in need. 这些钱被用来帮助有需要的人。 14. It was founded in 1919 and aims to build a better future for all children. 它成立于1919年，旨在为所有儿童创建一个更美好的未来。 15. Every year, a lot of children’s lives are improved thanks to this charity. 每年，得益于这个慈善机构，许多孩子的生活得到了改善。 16. Last year, millions of children were helped by the education programmes from Save the Children. 去年，数百万儿童得到了“救助儿童会”教育项目的帮助。 17. In addition, many people were trained by the charity to become teachers. 此外许多人接受了该慈善机构的培训成为了教师。 18. It’s not just people who are in need of help and support. 需要帮助和支持的不仅仅是人类。 19. Some other charities are created for different reasons, such as protecting the environment and animals. 其他一些慈善机构则出于不同的原因而创立，例如保护环境和动物。 20. For example, the World Wild Fund for nature (WWF) works hard to protect the natural world for the benefit of people and wildlife. 例如，世界自然基金会 WWF 努力保护自然界，造福人类和野生动物。 21. What kind of work is carried out by this charity? 这个慈善机构开展什么样的工作？ 22. It was founded in 1942 with the aim of helping poor children and families around the world. 它成立于1942年，旨在帮助全世界的贫困儿童和家庭。 23. It also makes great efforts to make sure families are provided with clean water and hungry children are fed. 它还做出巨大努力，确保家庭获得干净的饮用水，饥饿的儿童得到食物。 24. It was written by a volunteer from Oxfam. 它是由乐施会的一位志愿者写的。 25. It said that millions of children were helped by the charity’s health programmes around the world. 信中提到，全世界有数百万儿童得到了该慈善机构健康项目的帮助。 26. And these programmes were supported by many volunteers. 而这些项目得到了许多志愿者的支持。 27. It sounds like a lot of amazing work is done by the volunteers. 听起来志愿者们做了很多了不起的工作。 Integration 1. UNICEF is part of the United Nations. 联合国儿童基金会 UNICEF 是联合国的一部分。 2. During World War II, many schools and homes were destroyed, and many children suffered. 二战期间，许多学校和家园被毁，许多儿童遭受苦难。 3. UNICEF was set up in 1946 by the UN to help children and young people in difficult situations. 联合国儿童基金会于1946年由联合国成立，旨在帮助处于困境中的儿童和青少年。 4. Now UNICEF is a powerful champion of children’s rights around the world. 如今，联合国儿童基金会是全世界儿童权利的有力捍卫者。 right (n.) 权利 have the right to do sth 有权利做某事 5. It works in over 190 countries and areas. 它在超过190个国家和地区开展工作。 6. It provides clean water and food, education and healthcare to children. 它为儿童提供清洁的饮用水、食物、教育和医疗保健。 7. Moreover, UNICEF acts quickly during emergency situations and makes sure that children get help in time. 此外，联合国儿童基金会在紧急情况下迅速行动，确保儿童及时获得帮助。 8. Besides, it works closely with governments to develop programmes to help and protect children. 此外，它与各国政府紧密合作，制定帮助和保护儿童的项目。 9. Through its great efforts, UNICEF is making great progress to create a better world for children. 通过其巨大努力，联合国儿童基金会正在为儿童创造一个更美好的世界方面取得巨大进展。 progress (n.)进展，进步(不可数) make (great/much/a little/little) progress in doing 取得进步 10. UNICEF provides basic education for poor children in many countries. 联合国儿童基金会为许多国家的贫困儿童提供基础教育。 11. UNICEF provides children in poor areas with clean water and food. 联合国儿童基金会为贫困地区的儿童提供清洁的饮用水和食物。 12. People can help by donating money or working as a volunteer. 人们可以通过捐款或者做志愿者来提供帮助。 13. UNICEF raises money by selling cards as well as organizing other activities. 联合国儿童基金会通过售卖贺卡以及组织其他活动来筹集资金。 14. During the fast spread of a virus, UNICEF works with the WHO to protect children. 在病毒快速传播期间，联合国儿童基金会与世界卫生组织合作保护儿童。 15. It is usually impossible for some children to have a safe environment because of wars and natural disasters. 由于战争和自然灾害，一些儿童通常不可能拥有安全的环境。 16. They even have difficulty getting necessary things. 他们甚至难以获得必要的生活用品。 17. People should work together and do everything they can to help. 人们应该同心协力，尽一切所能提供帮助。 18. Everyone should have clean water and food, as well as education and health care, but it is hard for children in poor areas to get these things. 每个人都应该拥有清洁的饮用水、食物、教育和医疗保健，但贫困地区的儿童很难获得这些东西。 19. Moreover, some parts of the world still face problems like wars or natural disasters. 此外，世界上一些地区仍然面临着战争或者自然灾害等问题。 20. These make it difficult for those children to live in a safe environment and get what they need. 这些使得那些儿童难以生活在安全的环境中并获得他们需要的东西。 21. Children in poorer areas also miss out on jobs when they grow up because they have little chance to use modern technology. 贫困地区的儿童长大后也会错失工作机会，因为他们没有机会使用现代科技。 miss out (on) 错失（机会） 22. Many children need help and support from charities like UNICEF. 许多儿童需要像联合国儿童基金会这样的慈善机构的帮助和支持。 23. It also helps children receive basic education. 它还帮助儿童接受基础教育。 24. In emergency situations like wars, natural disasters and the fast spread of a virus, UNICEF is always there to support children. 在战争、自然灾害和病毒快速传播等紧急情况下，联合国儿童基金会总会挺身而出支持儿童。 25. We are lucky to have charities like UNICEF. 我们很幸运拥有像联合国儿童基金会这样的慈善机构。 26. They are working hard to make the world a better place for children. 它们正在努力使世界成为对儿童来说更美好的地方。 27. Have you heard about the China Welfare Institute? 你听说过中国福利会吗？ 28. It’s one of the oldest and most influential charities in China. 它是中国历史最悠久、最有影响力的慈善机构之一。 29. I know it’s one of the oldest charities, but what kind of work does it focus on? 我知道它是最古老的慈善机构之一，但它主要专注于哪方面的工作呢？ 30. In the beginning, it helped people during the war. 最初，它在战争期间帮助人们。 31. It now aims to provide health care and education to children and women in need. 现在，它致力于为有需要的儿童和妇女提供医疗保健和教育。 32. It has done a lot of wonderful things since it was founded. 自成立以来，它做了很多了不起的事情。 33. It has many special programmes to support children and women at home and abroad. 它有许多特别的项目来支持国内外的儿童和妇女。 34. I hope I can volunteer for this charity one day. 我希望有一天能成为这个慈善机构的志愿者。 35. A girl’s life changed by UNICEF 一个被联合国儿童基金会改变生活的女孩 36. Alina is a girl from Pakistan. 阿丽娜是一个来自巴基斯坦的女孩。 37. She used to work on the farm all day. 她过去整天在农场干活。 38. Her family was very poor and had many children, so Alina did not go to school, and she could not read or write. 她的家庭非常贫困，孩子又多，所以阿丽娜没有上学，也不会读书写字。 39. One day, a UNICEF officer came to Alina’s village and learnt about the conditions of the local people. 一天，一位联合国儿童基金会的官员来到阿丽娜的村庄，了解了当地人民的情况。 40. He said it was important for children to receive education. 他说儿童接受教育非常重要。 41. He wanted all the children in the village to learn to read and write. 他希望村里所有的孩子都能学习读书写字。 42. Three weeks later, Alina entered a local school. 三周后，阿丽娜进入了一所当地学校。 enter (v.)进入= go into… entrance (n.)入口； exit (n.)出口 43. She enjoys school and is grateful to UNICEF for helping her. 她喜欢上学，并且感激联合国儿童基金会帮助了她。 44. Alina says that she wants to become a teacher in the future. 阿丽娜说她将来想成为一名教师。 45. She hopes she can help other people some day. 她希望有一天能帮助其他人。 Further study 1. Charity Day of China began in 2016 with the aim of supporting and promoting public well‑being. 中华慈善日始于2016年，旨在支持和促进公益福祉。 2. It is celebrated on 5 September with a specific theme each year. 它在每年9月5日庆祝，并设有特定主题。 3. Its logo shows Chinese people’s hopes for harmony and a good life. 其标识展示了中国人民对和谐与美好生活的期盼。 Unit 8　A green world（绿色世界） 知识清单 Welcome to the unit 1. We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。 2. environment n. 环境 → environmental adj. 环境的。 3. reduce, reuse and recycle 减量化、再利用、回收利用。 4. live a green life 过绿色生活。 Reading 1. We should reduce air pollution. 我们应减少空气污染。 2. reduce v. 减少 → reduction n. 减少。 3. recycle v. 回收利用 → recycling n. 回收利用。 4. waste n. 浪费；废弃物 v. 浪费 → wasteful adj. 浪费的。 5. save energy 节约能源（energy n. 能源）。 6. sort the waste 垃圾分类（sort v. 分类）。 7. wisely adv. 明智地 → wise adj. 明智的。 Grammar 1. 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。 2. 五大基本句型：(1) 主谓（SV）：Birds fly. 鸟飞。(2) 主谓宾（SVO）：We love our earth. 我们热爱地球。(3) 主系表（SVC）：The earth is beautiful. 地球是美丽的。(4) 主谓双宾（SVOO）：He gave me a book. 他给了我一本书。(5) 主谓宾补（SVOC）：We make our city clean. 我们使城市干净。 3. 被动语态复习：be + done（时态随主动句变化）。Trees are planted every spring. 每年春天种树。The river was polluted by the factory. 这条河被那家工厂污染了。 4. 不定式被动：to be done。There is a lot of work to be done. 有许多工作要做。 5. 分词形容词：-ing 令人……的（修饰物）；-ed 感到……的（修饰人）。The news is exciting. / We are excited. 消息令人兴奋。/我们很兴奋。 Integration 1. We can do small things for the earth. 我们能为地球做小事。 2. turn off the lights 关灯。 3. use both sides of the paper 使用纸的两面。 4. It's our duty to protect the earth. 保护地球是我们的责任。 Further study 1. A green world starts with you and me. 绿色世界始于你和我。 2. If we act now, the future will be better. 如果我们现在行动，未来会更好。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $