Unit 4 Then and now（重难词汇精练）英语新教材沪教版五四学制八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“Then and now”主题，构建“基础-语境-语篇”三级词汇训练体系，强化词汇形态变化与语境应用能力，提升语言理解与表达的思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|20组词性转换|根据词性要求写单词|词汇形态变化（名动形副转换），建立词形与词性的对应关系| |词汇语境练|20题选择+10题填空+5题句型转换|语法选择、单词适当形式填空、句型转换|词汇在时态（used to/现在完成时）、语态（被动）、比较级中的语境应用，连接词形与语法功能| |词汇语篇练|3篇完形/填空|语篇填空、完形填空|词汇在篇章理解与表达中的综合运用，从单句到语篇的逻辑递进，培养语篇层面的词汇运用能力|

Unit 4 Then and now词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 I. Write the words according to their grammatical forms(根据词性要求写出单词) 1.________________n.记忆 ________________v.记住;熟记 2.________________adj.宽的;宽阔的 ________________adv.广泛地 ________________v.(使)变宽,加宽 3.________________v.想象;设想 ________________n.想象;想象力 4.________________n.唱片 ________________v.记录;记载 ________________n.录音机;记录器 5.________________n.公司;商业 ________________adj.忙碌的 6.________________v.应在(某处) ________________n.附属品,附件 7.________________adj.普通的;平凡的 ________________adv.一般情况下;通常地 8._____________adv.突然地;巨大地;令人吃惊地 ________________adj.戏剧的;激动人心的 ________________n.戏剧 9.________________v.(使)成长,发展,壮大 ________________n.发展;成长;壮大 10.________________n.增长 ________________v.成长;长大 11.______________adj.令人不快的;不舒服的 ________________adj.令人愉快的;吸引人的 ________________n.快乐;愉快 12.________________adv.极其;非常 ________________adj.极度的;极大的 13.____________adj.有难闻气味的;有臭味的 ________________n.气味v.闻到;嗅到(气味) 14.________________adj.富有的;富裕的 ________________n.财富;财物 15.________________n.教育 ________________adj.教育的;有关教育的 16.________________adj.外国的 ________________n.外国人 17.____________adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的 ________________adv.严厉地;严重地 18.________________v.处罚;惩罚 ________________n.惩罚;处罚 19.________________v.燃烧;烧 ________________adj.燃烧的;火热的 20.________________n.加热器;炉子;热水器 ________________n.热度v.把……加热 【答案】1.memory,memorize 2.wide,widely,widen 3.imagine,imagination 4.record,record,recorder 5.business,busy 6.belong,belonging 7.ordinary,ordinarily 8.dramatically,dramatic,drama 9.develop,development 10.growth,grow 1l.unpleasant,pleasant,pleasure 12.extremely,extreme 13.smelly,smell 14.wealthy,wealth 15.education,educational 16.foreign,foreigner 17.severe,severely 18.punish,punishment 19.burn,burning 20.heater,heat I. Choose the best answer. 1.My grandfather ______ walk five kilometers to school every day when he was young. A. uses to　　 B. used to　　 C. is used to　　 D. was used to 答案：B 解析；句意：我爷爷年轻的时候每天都要走五公里去上学。考点：used to/be used to固定短语辨析。used to do sth.过去常常做某事（过去的习惯，现在不再）；be used to doing习惯于；be used to do被用来做；A、D搭配本身错误，本句描述年少过去的习惯，选used to。 2.Shanghai ______ a small fishing village over 150 years ago. A. is　　 B. was　　 C. has been　　 D. had been 答案：B 解析：句意：150多年前上海还是一个小渔村。考点：一般过去时标志词ago。over 150 years ago（一百五十年前）是明确过去时间点，只用一般过去时；主语Shanghai单数，be动词用was。 3.People ______ smartphones, but now almost everyone has one. A. didn’t use to have　　 B. don’t use to have C. weren’t used to having　　 D. haven’t used to have 答案：A 解析：句意：过去人们没有智能手机，但现在几乎人人都有。考点：used to否定结构didn’t use to do。used to否定形式为didn’t use to+动词原形；本句对比过去与现在，表达“过去没有”，C意为“不习惯”语义不符，时态B、D错误。 4.Since the 1990s, China’s cities ______ rapidly. A. changed　　 B. change　　 C. have changed D. had changed 答案：C 解析：句意：自20世纪90年代以来，中国的城市发展迅速。考点：since引导现在完成时。since+过去时间，是现在完成时标志性时间状语，结构have/has+过去分词，主语cities复数，用have changed。 5.I asked my mom ______ life was like in her childhood. 　 A. how　　 B. what　　 C. that　　 D. which 答案：B 解析：句意：我问妈妈她小时候的生活是什么样子。考点：宾语从句固定句型what...be like。固定搭配What is sth. like？某物是什么样子；what在从句中作like的宾语，how不能作宾语。 6.Although life was harder then, people say they were ______ happy. A. more　　 B. much　　 C. very　　 D. most 答案：A 解析：句意：尽管那时候生活更艰苦，但人们说他们更快乐。考点：形容词比较级。前后存在隐性对比（过去vs现在），用happy比较级more happy；much只能修饰比较级，不能单独加形容词原形。 7. In the past, letters ______ by post; now we send emails instantly. 　 A. sent　　 B. were sent　　 C. are sent　　 D. have sent 答案：B 解析：句意：过去信件靠邮寄，现在我们瞬间就能发送邮件。考点：一般过去时被动语态。in the past过去时；letters（信件）是“被寄送”，被动结构be done；主语复数，过去时be动词用were。 8.My parents met in 1995, and they ______ married for 28 years. A. are　　 B. were　　 C. have been　　 D. had been 答案：C 解析：句意：我父母1995年相识，到现在已经结婚28年了。考点：for+时间段 现在完成时；延续性短语be married。for 28 years持续到现在的时长，用现在完成时；marry短暂动词，表持续状态必须换成be married。 9.There ______ many tall buildings here ten years ago. A. aren’t　　 B. weren’t　　 C. haven’t been　 D. hadn’t been 答案：B 解析：句意：十年前这里没有很多高楼。考点：there be 一般过去时。ten years ago纯过去时间，there be过去否定，buildings复数，用weren’t。 10.She remembers ______ in this old house as a child. A. live　　 B. lived　　 C. living　　 D. to live 答案：C 解析：句意：她记得小时候住在这栋老房子里。考点：remember doing / remember to do辨析。remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（事情已发生）；remember to do 记得要去做（未做）；小时候居住是过去经历，用living。 11.Life today is ______ than it was 50 years ago, thanks to technology. A. convenient　　 B. more convenient C. most convenient　　 D. the most convenient 答案：B 解析：句意：多亏科技，如今的生活比五十年前便利得多。考点：形容词比较级标志than。than是比较级标志，多音节形容词convenient比较级加more。 12.When I was little, we ______ TV only on weekends. A. watch　　 B. watched　　 C. have watched D. had watched 答案：B 解析：句意：我小时候，我们只在周末看电视。考点：when引导过去时间状语从句，主句一般过去时。when I was little 我小时候，描述过去习惯性动作，谓语用过去式watched。 13.The city has developed so fast that I can hardly recognize ______ used to be my school. A. where　　 B. what　　 C. which　　 D. that 答案：B 解析：句意：这座城市发展太快，我几乎认不出曾经是我学校的地方。考点：宾语从句what作主语。从句缺少主语，指代“原先学校那块地方/事物”，what可在从句充当主语；where副词不能作主语。 14.They ______ in this neighborhood since they moved to Shanghai. A. live　　 B. lived　　 C. have lived　　 D. had lived 答案：C 解析：句意：自从搬到上海，他们就一直住在这个小区。考点：since引导现在完成时。since+一般过去时从句，主句使用现在完成时，表动作从过去持续至今。 15.In the past, people spent more time outdoors, ______ they had fewer electronic devices. A. because　　 B. although　　 C. so　　 D. but 答案：A 解析：句意：过去人们更多在户外，因为那时电子设备很少。考点：原因状语连词辨析。后半句是前半句“户外活动多”的原因，because表原因；although让步，so结果，but转折。 16.How many changes ______ you ______ in your hometown recently? A. did…see　　 B. have…seen　　 C. do…see　　 D. had…seen 答案：B 解析：句意：你最近在家乡看到了多少变化？考点：recently 现在完成时标志。recently（最近）常搭配现在完成时，询问到目前为止的经历。 17. My grandmother says she ______ cooking on a coal stove. A. is used to　　 B. used to　　 C. was used to　　D. gets used to 答案：C 解析：句意：奶奶说她以前习惯用煤炉做饭。考点：be used to doing 习惯于（过去）。to后是cooking动名词，说明搭配be used to doing；描述奶奶过去的习惯，用一般过去时was used to。 18.The Internet ______ communication easier than ever before. A. made　　 B. has made　　 C. makes　　 D. had made 答案：B 解析：句意：互联网让沟通变得前所未有的便捷。考点：现在完成时表过去动作带来持续现在的影响。互联网出现并改变沟通是发生在过去，且影响持续到当下，用has made。 19.There is less pollution in the countryside than ______ in big cities. A. it　　 B. that　　 C. those　　 D. one 答案：B 解析：句意：乡村的污染比大城市的污染更少。考点：代词that指代不可数名词。pollution不可数名词，比较时用that指代同类不可数名词；those指代复数可数，it指代同一物体。 20.While my dad ______ newspapers in the past, he now reads news online. A. reads　　 B. read　　 C. has read　　 D. was reading 答案：B 解析：句意：过去我爸爸常看报纸，现在他在网上看新闻。考点：in the past 一般过去时。in the past描述过去经常性动作，谓语动词用过去式read。 根据括号内的提示，用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.Life in the city has changed ________________ over the last 30 years. (dramatic) 【答案】dramatically 【解析】句意：过去三十年，城市生活发生了巨大变化。考点：副词修饰动词。空格修饰动词changed，形容词dramatic变副词dramatically（巨大地）。 2.Many old buildings have been ________________ to make way for new ones. (build) 【答案】rebuilt 【解析】句意：许多老建筑被重建，为新建筑腾出空间。考点：现在完成时被动、词义变形。have been+过去分词构成被动；结合句意“重建”，build变形rebuilt。 3.My grandfather still misses the ________________ of his village life. (simple) 【答案】simplicity 【解析】句意：爷爷依然怀念乡村生活的简朴。考点：形容词变名词。the后需要名词，simple形容词→simplicity名词：简朴、简单。 4.Technology has brought great ________________ to our daily lives. (convenient) 【答案】convenience 【解析】句意：科技为我们的日常生活带来极大便利。考点：形容词变名词。great形容词修饰名词，convenient→convenience便利。 5.The ________________ between then and now is striking. (different) 【答案】difference 【解析】句意：过去与现在的差别十分明显。考点：形容词变名词。The后接名词，different→difference差异、区别。 6.People used to rely on ________________ transport like bicycles. (tradition) 【答案】traditional 【解析】句意：过去人们依靠自行车这类传统交通工具。考点：形容词修饰名词。修饰名词transport，名词tradition变形容词traditional（传统的）。 7.His ________________ stories about the past always fascinate us. (memory) 【答案】memorable 【解析】句意：他那些难忘的往事总能吸引我们。考点：名词变形容词。修饰名词stories，memory→memorable 难忘的、值得回忆的。 8.The government has made efforts to protect ________________ areas. (history) 【答案】historical 【解析】句意：政府努力保护历史区域。考点：名词变形容词。修饰名词areas，history→historical历史的；historic侧重具有历史意义的。 9.Communication is much ________________ today than in the past. (effect) 【答案】more effective 【解析】句意：如今的沟通比过去高效得多。考点：形容词比较级。than比较标志；effect形容词effective，多音节比较级more effective。 按要求改写句子 1.People used to write letters by hand.（改为否定句） 　People ________________________ letters by hand. 【答案】didn’t use to write 【解析】句意：人们过去不手写书信。考点：used to do否定句型。used to否定结构：主语+ didn’t use to + 动词原形。 2.Shanghai has changed a lot since 1990.（改为一般疑问句） 　________________________ a lot since 1990? 【答案】Has Shanghai changed 【解析】句意：自1990年以来上海变化很大吗？考点：现在完成时一般疑问句式。现在完成时变疑问，助has提前放句首，主语紧随其后，过去分词不变。 3.My grandmother cooked on a coal stove in the past.（对划线部分提问） 　________________________ in the past? 【答案】How did your grandmother cook 【解析】句意：你奶奶过去是怎么做饭的？考点：一般过去时对方式状语提问。on a coal stove是做饭方式，用how提问；过去时加助动词did，动词变回原形cook；my变your。 4. What a different world we live in now!（改为陈述句） ______________________________________________________. 【答案】We live in a very different world now. 【解析】句意：我们如今生活在一个完全不同的世界。考点：感叹句转陈述句。去掉感叹词what，调整语序，形容词different前加very修饰。 5. used / people / to / travel / by / train / long / ago（连词成句） 　______________________________________________________. 【答案】People used to travel by train long ago. 【解析】句意：很久以前人们坐火车出行。考点：used to do 陈述句语序。主语people放句首，固定结构used to travel；by train乘坐火车；long ago很久以前放句末。 A.Read and choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案完成短文) I am Li Ming. I am a junior school student. I live in a medium-sized city in the south of China. It has a population of 300,000. There ___1___ one college,20 junior high schools, three hospitals, and stadiums, museums and so on. But my hometown ___2___ a small village with about 3,000 people. ___3___ China began the reform and opening-up policy (改革开放政策) in 1978, many factories have been built. ___4___ great number of people from ___5___ have come to work here. The city is developing quickly. ___6___ in public transportation made people’s lives better than before. ___7___ the same time, the population is increasing quickly. 70 years ago, my great-grandfather first came here. It was still a very small village. At that time, the anti-Japanese war was going on. Japan made everywhere a mess. Many people died. The village experienced ___8___ destruction during the war. In the end, there were only ___9___ people living here. There were not any schools, or factories. All the villagers were farmers. My great-grandfather made his living by growing rice and raising fish. The life here was really hard. Over the next few decades, great changes ___10___ place in my hometown. People are happier and happier. I am sure our life will be more beautiful in the future. 1. A. be B. is C. was 2. A. was used to be B. used to be C. used to being 3. A. For B. Although C. Since 4. A. The B. / C. A 5. A. other places B. the other places C. another place 6. A. Industry B. Progress C. Chances 7. A. On B. In C. At 8. A. ordinary B. rare C. severe 9. A. four hundreds B. four hundred C. hundred of 10. A. have taken B. take C. took 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文介绍了李明家乡的变化，从一个小村庄发展成中等城市，讲述了战争时期的艰难和如今的快速发展，表达了对未来生活的美好期盼 【1题详解】 句意：有一所大学、20所初中、三家医院，还有体育馆、博物馆等等。 there be句型遵循就近原则，后面是one college（单数），因此用单数，因是描述现在的情况，故时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。 【2题详解】 句意：但是我的家乡曾经是一个大约有3000人的小村庄。 used to be表示“过去曾经是”，符合语境，而was used to be被用来做某事，和used to being习惯做某事，均与上下文逻辑不符。 【3题详解】 句意：自从1978年中国实行改革开放政策以来，许多工厂被建了起来。 since+一般过去时的句子，主句用现在完成时，符合本句时态结构。 【4题详解】 句意：大量来自其他地方的人来这里工作。 a great number of是固定搭配，意为“许多，大量”。 【5题详解】 句意：大量来自其他地方的人来这里工作。 other places表示“其他地方”，符合句意。 【6题详解】 句意：公共交通的进步使人们的生活比以前更好了。 使人们的生活比以前更好，应该得益于公共交通的进步，progress表示“进步，发展”，符合语境。 【7题详解】 句意：同时，人口正在快速增长。 at the same time是固定短语，意为“同时”。 【8题详解】 句意：这个村庄在战争期间遭受了严重的破坏。 在战争期间遭受了破坏，应该是严重的，severe表示“严重的”，修饰destruction符合文意。 【9题详解】 句意：最后，只有四百人住在这里。 具体数字+hundred时，hundred用单数形式，four hundred符合语境。 【10题详解】 句意：在接下来的几十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 over the next few decades常与现在完成时连用，take place无被动，主语“great changes” 是复数，have taken符合语境。 B. Choose the right word or expression to complete the passage. 选择最恰当的答案完成短文，其中有一个多余选项 A. understanding B. effective C. including D. heavily E. rise F. limited G. dramatically Education has undergone significant changes over the past century. In the past, traditional education was normal (规范的), with students sitting in classrooms and learning from textbooks. Teachers relied ___11___ on lectures, and students had ___12___ resources to supplement (补充) their learning. Today, the ___13___ of digital technology has changed the way we learn. Students now have access to rich online resources, ___14___ videos, e- books, and educational apps. Classrooms now are equipped with smart boards and other interactive tools that make learning more ___15___. Despite these advantages, some argue that traditional methods still have value. For example, face- to- face interaction with teachers and peers can foster deeper ___16___ and critical thinking. However, there is no denying that technology has made education more accessible and flexible than ever before. 【答案】11. D 12. F 13. E 14. C 15. B 16. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了过去一个世纪教育领域的重大变化，对比了传统教育模式与数字技术介入后的现代教育模式，分析了两者的特点与价值，指出技术让教育更具可及性和灵活性。 【11题详解】 句意：过去，传统教育是规范的，学生坐在教室里从课本中学习。教师们严重依赖讲课，学生们只有有限的资源来补充学习。“rely heavily on”是固定搭配，意为“严重依赖”，副词heavily修饰动词“rely”，符合语境。 【12题详解】 句意：学生们只有有限的资源来补充学习。形容词limited修饰名词“resources”，表示“有限的资源”，符合传统教育下学习资源匮乏的语境。 【13题详解】 句意：如今，数字技术的兴起改变了我们的学习方式。定冠词“the”后接名词，rise作名词意为“兴起、崛起”，符合数字技术逐渐普及的语境。 【14题详解】 句意：学生现在可以获取丰富的在线资源，包括视频、电子书和教育应用程序。介词including用于列举具体内容，引出在线资源的例子，符合语境。 【15题详解】 句意：现在的教室配备了智能白板和其他互动工具，使学习更加有效。“make sth.+形容词” 结构中，形容词effective表示 “有效的”，说明互动工具让学习效果更好，符合语境。 【16题详解】 句意：例如，与老师和同伴的面对面互动可以培养更深层次的理解和批判性思维。形容词“deeper”后接名词，understanding作名词意为“理解”，与“critical thinking” 并列，符合面对面互动的教育价值。 C. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成短文。) (共6分) In the ___17___ (nineteen) century, life was very different from now. Most people lived a hard life, and their living conditions were ___18___ (please). Imagine doing all your daily work in a cold, dark room with no heaters: winters were ___19___ (extreme) cold, and you’d shiver (颤抖) from morning till night. Some rooms were even ___20___ (smell) because of poor cleaning and no proper ventilation. Back then, not everyone could get a good education. If children didn’t follow rules at school or home, they might get punishments easily. But thanks to social ___21___ (develop), people are now much ___22___ (wealth) and have a much better life overall. We should always remember how hard life was in the past and value what we have today. 【答案】17. nineteenth 18. unpleasant 19. extremely 20. smelly 21. development 22. wealthier 【导语】本文主要对比了19世纪艰难的生活条件与现代社会的进步，描述了过去在居住、教育等方面的困境，旨在提醒人们珍惜当下的美好生活。 【17题详解】 句意：在19世纪，生活与现在大不相同。根据文中“In the…century”可知，此处表示“第19”世纪，需用基数词nineteen的序数词形式nineteenth。 【18题详解】 句意：大多数人过着艰苦的生活，他们的居住条件很糟糕。根据前句“Most people lived a hard life”以及后文对寒冷黑暗房间的描述可知，居住条件是负面的，需用形容词please的反义形式unpleasant。 【19题详解】 句意：想象一下，你所有的日常工作都要在一个没有暖气的寒冷、黑暗的房间里完成：冬天极其寒冷，你会从早到晚颤抖。根据文中“winters were…cold”可知，此处需用副词修饰形容词cold，需将形容词extreme转换为副词形式extremely。 【20题详解】 句意：有些房间甚至因为清洁不到位和没有适当的通风而有异味。根据文中“Some rooms were even…because of poor cleaning”可知，此处在系动词之后作表语，描述房间的特征，需用动词smell的形容词形式smelly。 【21题详解】 句意：但多亏了社会发展，现在人们富裕得多，总体上生活也好得多。根据文中“But thanks to social…”可知，此处位于形容词social之后作宾语，需用动词develop的名词形式development。 【22题详解】 句意：但多亏了社会发展，现在人们富裕得多，总体上生活也好得多。根据文中“people are now much…and have a much better life”可知，此处与后文的better构成并列关系，且受程度副词much修饰，需用形容词wealth的比较级形式wealthier。 D. Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文) 6% In ancient times, Chinese people used tools like the abacus to help with learning and calculating. ____66____, today’s students are experiencing a major change as modern technology plays a new role in education. For the young, e-learning seems so ____67____. Zhu Xufei, 12, uses her parents’ mobile phone to study English every day on her way to school and back home. Through an app, she listens to and repeats words and sentences in English. The app even tells the difference between her speech and the proper pronunciation, and then ____68____ shows the score. Zhu’s mother said, “The apps enable her to learn and practice spoken English anytime, anywhere.” It’s not only children using mobile devices to learn new things. Many subway or bus passengers can be seen having app lessons, like business management or driving tests. “I don’t have to ____69____ books around and turn pages on crowded buses,” an office lady says. “With just a touch of the screen on my smartphone, I can do tests whenever I have time. It also records my ____70____ and helps me to review them later.” E-learning has also been welcomed by schools and colleges. Zheng Lili, owner of an English training school, says the learning apps allow teachers to keep track of students’ learning ____71____ and know when and how to help them. 66. A. In fact B. Besides C. However D. After all 67. A. strange B. enjoyable C. natural D. boring 68. A. secretly B. gently C. nearly D. immediately 69. A. borrow B. carry C. return D. deliver 70. A. interests B. answers C. opinions D. mistakes 71. A. risks B. habits C. progress D. methods 【答案】66. C 67. C 68. D 69. B 70. D 71. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了古代中国使用算盘等工具辅助学习与计算，而如今现代科技在教育领域发挥了新作用，电子学习给学生等人群带来了重大变化，受到广泛欢迎。 【66题详解】 句意：在古代，中国人使用算盘等工具来辅助学习和计算。然而，如今的学生正经历着重大变化，因为现代科技在教育领域发挥着新作用。 “In ancient times”描述古代情况，“today’s students…a major change”描述现在情况，前后是转折关系。“However”表示转折，符合语境。“In fact”表示事实上，用于补充说明；“Besides”表示此外，用于递进；“After all”表示毕竟，用于解释原因，均不符合此处转折的语境。 【67题详解】 句意：对于年轻人来说，电子学习似乎很自然。 根据后文“Zhu Xufei, 12, uses her parents’ mobile phone to study English every day on her way to school and back home...The apps enable her to learn and practice spoken English anytime, anywhere.”可知，孩子能随时随地用软件学英语，所以电子学习对他们来说是很自然的事。“natural”表示自然的，符合语境。“strange”表示奇怪的；“enjoyable”表示令人愉快的；“boring”表示无聊的，均不符合语境。 【68题详解】 句意：这个应用程序甚至能分辨出她的发音和正确发音之间的区别，然后立即显示分数。 根据语境，应用程序在分辨出发音区别后，应该是马上显示分数。“immediately”表示立即，符合语境。“secretly”表示秘密地；“gently”表示温柔地；“nearly”表示几乎，均不符合语境。 【69题详解】 句意：“我不必在拥挤的公交车上带着书并翻页了，”一位办公室女士说。 根据“books around and turn pages on crowded buses”可知，在拥挤的公交车上要带着书并翻页，“carry”表示携带，符合语境。“borrow”表示借；“return”表示归还；“deliver”表示递送，均不符合语境。 【70题详解】 句意：它还能记录我的错误，并帮助我以后复习。 根据“helps me to review them later”可知，能帮助复习的应该是记录下来的错误。“mistakes”表示错误，符合语境。“interests”表示兴趣；“answers”表示答案；“opinions”表示观点，均不符合语境。 【71题详解】 句意：一家英语培训学校的负责人郑丽丽说，学习应用程序让老师能够跟踪学生的学习进度，并知道何时以及如何帮助他们。 老师通过学习应用程序应该是了解学生的“学习进度”，从而知道何时以及如何帮助学生。“progress”表示进步、进展，符合语境。“risks”表示风险，“habits”表示习惯，“methods”表示方法，均不符合老师通过程序了解学生情况的语境。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Then and now词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 I. Write the words according to their grammatical forms(根据词性要求写出单词) 1.________________n.记忆 ________________v.记住;熟记 2.________________adj.宽的;宽阔的 ________________adv.广泛地 ________________v.(使)变宽,加宽 3.________________v.想象;设想 ________________n.想象;想象力 4.________________n.唱片 ________________v.记录;记载 ________________n.录音机;记录器 5.________________n.公司;商业 ________________adj.忙碌的 6.________________v.应在(某处) ________________n.附属品,附件 7.________________adj.普通的;平凡的 ________________adv.一般情况下;通常地 8._____________adv.突然地;巨大地;令人吃惊地 ________________adj.戏剧的;激动人心的 ________________n.戏剧 9.________________v.(使)成长,发展,壮大 ________________n.发展;成长;壮大 10.________________n.增长 ________________v.成长;长大 11.______________adj.令人不快的;不舒服的 ________________adj.令人愉快的;吸引人的 ________________n.快乐;愉快 12.________________adv.极其;非常 ________________adj.极度的;极大的 13.____________adj.有难闻气味的;有臭味的 ________________n.气味v.闻到;嗅到(气味) 14.________________adj.富有的;富裕的 ________________n.财富;财物 15.________________n.教育 ________________adj.教育的;有关教育的 16.________________adj.外国的 ________________n.外国人 17.____________adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的 ________________adv.严厉地;严重地 18.________________v.处罚;惩罚 ________________n.惩罚;处罚 19.________________v.燃烧;烧 ________________adj.燃烧的;火热的 20.________________n.加热器;炉子;热水器 ________________n.热度v.把……加热 I. Choose the best answer. 1.My grandfather ______ walk five kilometers to school every day when he was young. A. uses to　　 B. used to　　 C. is used to　　 D. was used to 2.Shanghai ______ a small fishing village over 150 years ago. A. is　　 B. was　　 C. has been　　 D. had been 3.People ______ smartphones, but now almost everyone has one. A. didn’t use to have　　 B. don’t use to have C. weren’t used to having　　 D. haven’t used to have 4.Since the 1990s, China’s cities ______ rapidly. A. changed　　 B. change　　 C. have changed D. had changed 5.I asked my mom ______ life was like in her childhood. 　 A. how　　 B. what　　 C. that　　 D. which 6.Although life was harder then, people say they were ______ happy. A. more　　 B. much　　 C. very　　 D. most 7. In the past, letters ______ by post; now we send emails instantly. 　 A. sent　　 B. were sent　　 C. are sent　　 D. have sent 8.My parents met in 1995, and they ______ married for 28 years. A. are　　 B. were　　 C. have been　　 D. had been 9.There ______ many tall buildings here ten years ago. A. aren’t　　 B. weren’t　　 C. haven’t been　 D. hadn’t been 10.She remembers ______ in this old house as a child. A. live　　 B. lived　　 C. living　　 D. to live 11.Life today is ______ than it was 50 years ago, thanks to technology. A. convenient　　 B. more convenient C. most convenient　　 D. the most convenient 12.When I was little, we ______ TV only on weekends. A. watch　　 B. watched　　 C. have watched D. had watched 13.The city has developed so fast that I can hardly recognize ______ used to be my school. A. where　　 B. what　　 C. which　　 D. that 14.They ______ in this neighborhood since they moved to Shanghai. A. live　　 B. lived　　 C. have lived　　 D. had lived 15.In the past, people spent more time outdoors, ______ they had fewer electronic devices. A. because　　 B. although　　 C. so　　 D. but 16.How many changes ______ you ______ in your hometown recently? A. did…see　　 B. have…seen　　 C. do…see　　 D. had…seen 17. My grandmother says she ______ cooking on a coal stove. A. is used to　　 B. used to　　 C. was used to　　D. gets used to 18.The Internet ______ communication easier than ever before. A. made　　 B. has made　　 C. makes　　 D. had made 19.There is less pollution in the countryside than ______ in big cities. A. it　　 B. that　　 C. those　　 D. one 20.While my dad ______ newspapers in the past, he now reads news online. A. reads　　 B. read　　 C. has read　　 D. was reading II. 根据括号内的提示，用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.Life in the city has changed ________________ over the last 30 years. (dramatic) 2.Many old buildings have been ________________ to make way for new ones. (build) 3.My grandfather still misses the ________________ of his village life. (simple) 4.Technology has brought great ________________ to our daily lives. (convenient) 5.The ________________ between then and now is striking. (different) 6.People used to rely on ________________ transport like bicycles. (tradition) 7.His ________________ stories about the past always fascinate us. (memory) 8.The government has made efforts to protect ________________ areas. (history) 9.Communication is much ________________ today than in the past. (effect) III. 按要求改写句子 1.People used to write letters by hand.（改为否定句） 　People ________________________ letters by hand. 2.Shanghai has changed a lot since 1990.（改为一般疑问句） 　________________________ a lot since 1990? 3.My grandmother cooked on a coal stove in the past.（对划线部分提问） 　________________________ in the past? 4. What a different world we live in now!（改为陈述句） ______________________________________________________. 5. used/people/to/travel/by/train/long/ago（连词成句） 　______________________________________________________. A.Read and choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案完成短文) I am Li Ming. I am a junior school student. I live in a medium-sized city in the south of China. It has a population of 300,000. There ___1___ one college,20 junior high schools, three hospitals, and stadiums, museums and so on. But my hometown ___2___ a small village with about 3,000 people. ___3___ China began the reform and opening-up policy (改革开放政策) in 1978, many factories have been built. ___4___ great number of people from ___5___ have come to work here. The city is developing quickly. ___6___ in public transportation made people’s lives better than before. ___7___ the same time, the population is increasing quickly. 70 years ago, my great-grandfather first came here. It was still a very small village. At that time, the anti-Japanese war was going on. Japan made everywhere a mess. Many people died. The village experienced ___8___ destruction during the war. In the end, there were only ___9___ people living here. There were not any schools, or factories. All the villagers were farmers. My great-grandfather made his living by growing rice and raising fish. The life here was really hard. Over the next few decades, great changes ___10___ place in my hometown. People are happier and happier. I am sure our life will be more beautiful in the future. 1. A. be B. is C. was 2. A. was used to be B. used to be C. used to being 3. A. For B. Although C. Since 4. A. The B. / C. A 5. A. other places B. the other places C. another place 6. A. Industry B. Progress C. Chances 7. A. On B. In C. At 8. A. ordinary B. rare C. severe 9. A. four hundreds B. four hundred C. hundred of 10. A. have taken B. take C. took B. Choose the right word or expression to complete the passage. 选择最恰当的答案完成短文，其中有一个多余选项 A. understanding B. effective C. including D. heavily E. rise F. limited G. dramatically Education has undergone significant changes over the past century. In the past, traditional education was normal (规范的), with students sitting in classrooms and learning from textbooks. Teachers relied ___11___ on lectures, and students had ___12___ resources to supplement (补充) their learning. Today, the ___13___ of digital technology has changed the way we learn. Students now have access to rich online resources, ___14___ videos, e- books, and educational apps. Classrooms now are equipped with smart boards and other interactive tools that make learning more ___15___. Despite these advantages, some argue that traditional methods still have value. For example, face- to- face interaction with teachers and peers can foster deeper ___16___ and critical thinking. However, there is no denying that technology has made education more accessible and flexible than ever before. C. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成短文。) (共6分) In the ___17___ (nineteen) century, life was very different from now. Most people lived a hard life, and their living conditions were ___18___ (please). Imagine doing all your daily work in a cold, dark room with no heaters: winters were ___19___ (extreme) cold, and you’d shiver (颤抖) from morning till night. Some rooms were even ___20___ (smell) because of poor cleaning and no proper ventilation. Back then, not everyone could get a good education. If children didn’t follow rules at school or home, they might get punishments easily. But thanks to social ___21___ (develop), people are now much ___22___ (wealth) and have a much better life overall. We should always remember how hard life was in the past and value what we have today. D. Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文) 6% In ancient times, Chinese people used tools like the abacus to help with learning and calculating. ____66____, today’s students are experiencing a major change as modern technology plays a new role in education. For the young, e-learning seems so ____67____. Zhu Xufei, 12, uses her parents’ mobile phone to study English every day on her way to school and back home. Through an app, she listens to and repeats words and sentences in English. The app even tells the difference between her speech and the proper pronunciation, and then ____68____ shows the score. Zhu’s mother said, “The apps enable her to learn and practice spoken English anytime, anywhere.” It’s not only children using mobile devices to learn new things. Many subway or bus passengers can be seen having app lessons, like business management or driving tests. “I don’t have to ____69____ books around and turn pages on crowded buses,” an office lady says. “With just a touch of the screen on my smartphone, I can do tests whenever I have time. It also records my ____70____ and helps me to review them later.” E-learning has also been welcomed by schools and colleges. Zheng Lili, owner of an English training school, says the learning apps allow teachers to keep track of students’ learning ____71____ and know when and how to help them. 66. A. In fact B. Besides C. However D. After all 67. A. strange B. enjoyable C. natural D. boring 68. A. secretly B. gently C. nearly D. immediately 69. A. borrow B. carry C. return D. deliver 70. A. interests B. answers C. opinions D. mistakes 71. A. risks B. habits C. progress D. methods 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $