内容正文:
Unit 5 Power of Ideas
Unit 5 课时3 Section A Grammar focus 4a-4c核心知识梳理
一、必背词汇
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1. 电话(名词):telephone
2. 认为;推断(动词):suppose
3. 车轮;轮子(名词):wheel
4. 应当做 (某事) 或是 (某物)(短语):be supposed to do/be sth
5. 东部的;东方的(形容词):eastern
6. 层;表层(名词):layer
7. 冻硬的;冰封的(形容词):frozen
8. (使)融化;逐渐消失(动词):melt
9. 管道;管子;烟斗(名词):pipe
10. 旅游业(名词):tourism
11. 经济的;经济学的(形容词):economic
12. 获得;取得(动词):gain
1. 电话(名词):___________
2. 认为;推断(动词):___________
3. 车轮;轮子(名词):___________
4. 应当做 (某事) 或是 (某物)(短语):___________
5. 东部的;东方的(形容词):___________
6. 层;表层(名词):___________
7. 冻硬的;冰封的(形容词):___________
8. (使)融化;逐渐消失(动词):___________
9. 管道;管子;烟斗(名词):___________
10. 旅游业(名词):___________
11. 经济的;经济学的(形容词):___________
12. 获得;取得(动词):___________
二、必会考点
1. A mini‑camera is connected to the front of the glasses.一台微型摄像头被连接在眼镜的前部。
connect v.连接;联系connected (过去式 / 过去分词);connecting (现在分词);connection n. 联系;连接
固定搭配
1. connect A to/with B 把 A 与 B 连接起来
2. be connected to … 被连接到……(课本高频)
3. be connected with …和…… 有关联
4. connect …by…通过…… 连接
中考例句
1. People all over the world are connected to each other through the internet.世界各地的人们通过互联网彼此联系在一起。
2. This machine is connected with the 3D printer.这台机器和 3D 打印机有关联。
3. Please connect the file to the printer.请把文件连接到打印机。
结构
核心用法
例句
connect A to B
把 A 连接到 B(实物连接)
Connect the screen to the computer. 把屏幕连接到电脑上。
be connected to
被连接到……,被动
The camera is connected to the glasses. 摄像头被连接到眼镜上。
be connected with
与…… 有关(抽象,关联)
The radio is connected with many other inventions. 无线电和其他许多发明有关联。
connection (名词)
联系,连接
There is a close connection between them. 它们之间联系紧密。
【即学即练】
1. A mini‑camera ________ (connect) to the front of the glasses.(一般现在时被动)
2. Please connect the computer ________ the printer.(to / with)
3. These two events have a close ________ (connect).(名词:联系)
4. People all over the world ________ (connect) to each other by Internet.(被动)
5. This story is connected ________ the ancient invention.(to / with)
6. He is ________ (connect) the machine to the screen now.(现在进行时)
【参考答案】1. is connected 2. to 3. connection 4. are connected 5. with 6. connecting
2. A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901.1901 年,第一条无线电信息首次横跨大西洋发送成功。
短语
词性
中文释义
拓展
for the first time
介词短语
第一次,首次
the first time(连词,第一次……,引导从句)
固定搭配
1. for the first time 第一次(作状语,放句首或句末)
2. the first time + 从句 第一次……(连词性质,引导时间状语从句)
中考例句
1. I saw the amazing invention for the first time.我第一次见到这项令人惊叹的发明。
2. The first time I saw the 3D printer, I felt amazed.我第一次见到这台 3D 打印机的时候,感到很惊讶。
结构
核心用法
例句
for the first time
介词短语,作状语;不能引导从句
He developed the idea for the first time in the 1890s. 他在 19 世纪 90 年代首次提出这个构想。
the first time + 从句
连词结构,引导时间状语从句
The first time I met him, he was working on the radio. 我第一次见到他时,他正在研究无线电。
【即学即练】
1. A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean ________ the first time in 1901.(介词)
2. ________ (For the first time / The first time) he visited the show, he saw many great inventions.(连词引导从句)
3. I tried 3D‑printed food ________ the first time.(介词)
4. ________ (For the first time / The first time), news spread fast around the world.(作状语)
5. The word “robot” was introduced ________ the first time in a play in 1920.(介词)
6. ________ (For the first time / The first time) I connected the machine, I was kind of nervous.(引导从句)
【参考答案】1. for 2. The first time 3. for 4. For the first time 5. for 6. The first time
3. People all over the world are connected to each other through the internet.世界各地的人们通过互联网彼此联系在一起。
through prep. 通过;凭借;穿过;经由 adv. 穿过
单词
词性
中文释义
易混辨析
through
prep./adv.
通过,凭借;(从内部)穿过;经由
across 从表面横过;through 从内部穿过
记忆小提示:
1. through:从物体内部穿过;也可表方式 “凭借、通过”(课本原句:through the internet)。
2. across:从物体表面横穿(马路、河面)。
固定搭配
1. through + 名词 通过 / 凭借……(方式手段)
2. go through 穿过;经历;浏览
3. all through 自始至终;遍及
中考例句
1. Light goes through the plastic.光线穿透塑料。
2. He learned a lot through reading books.他通过读书学到很多东西。
3. The news spread across the sea.消息跨海传播。(across 表面横穿)
单词
核心用法
例句
through
穿过(内部);凭借某种方式
We communicate through the radio. 我们通过无线电交流。
across
横过(物体表面)
Walk across the road. 过马路。
【即学即练】
1. People are connected to each other ________ the Internet.(through / across)
2. The river runs ________ the city.(穿过城市内部 through /across)
3. He got much knowledge ________ reading books.(by / through)
4. You must be careful when you walk ________ the street.(through / across)
5. They solved the problem ________ hard work.(through / across)
6. Light can go ________ this kind of plastic.(介词)
【参考答案】1. through 2. through 3. by 4. across 5. through 6. through
4. The word “robot” was introduced for the first time in a play in 1920.“机器人” 这个单词于 1920 年在一部戏剧中首次被提出。
introduce v. 介绍;引进;首次提出
单词
词性
中文释义
易错词形变形
introduce
v.
介绍;引进;首次提出
introduced (过去式 / 过去分词);introducing (现在分词);introduction n. 介绍;引言
固定搭配
1. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
2. introduce sth. to/into sp. 把某物引进 / 传入某地
3. be introduced被引入;被首次提出(被动高频)
4. introduce oneself自我介绍
中考例句
1. Please introduce this amazing invention to us.请向我们介绍这项令人惊叹的发明。
2. He introduced himself at the invention show.他在发明展上做了自我介绍。
3. The introduction of new machines changed the production.新机器的引进改变了生产方式。
结构
词性
核心用法
例句
introduce
动词
介绍、引进;主动
He introduced the new tool. 他介绍了这个新工具。
be introduced
被动语态
被引进、被提出
The word was introduced in 1920. 这个单词在 1920 年被首次提出。
introduction
名词
介绍;引言
This is a short introduction to the radio. 这是对无线电的简短介绍。
【即学即练】
1. Please introduce the new machine ________ me.(to / for)
2. To our surprise, the ________ (introduce) of robots changed people’s life.(名词)
3. He ________ (introduce) himself when he showed up.(过去式)
4. This kind of machine can ________ (introduce) into our factory.(被动)
5. He introduced ________ (he) to the scientists.(反身代词)
【参考答案】1. to 2. introduction 3. introduced 4. be introduced 5. himself
5. It wasn't supposed to make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine.按下按钮启动机器时,它本不应该发出这么大的噪音。
suppose v. 认为;假定;料想
单词
词性
中文释义
易错词形变形
suppose
v.
认为;假定;料想
supposed (过去式 / 过去分词);supposing (现在分词);固定短语 be supposed to do(中考高频)
固定搭配
1. be supposed to do sth.应该做某事;理应做某事(高频)
2. be not supposed to do sth.不应该做某事
3. I suppose (that)…我认为……
中考例句
1. You are supposed to show up on time.你理应准时到场。
2. I suppose that this is a useful invention.我认为这是一项有用的发明。
3.You are not supposed to press this red button.你不应该按下这个红色按钮。
【即学即练】
1. It wasn’t supposed ________ (make) such a loud noise.
2. You ________ (be) supposed to connect the camera to the glasses.(一般现在时,you 作主语)
3. They were supposed ________ (show) us the new tool yesterday.(to do)
4. You are not supposed ________ (press) this button.
5. I suppose that he ________ (solve) different problems well.(一般现在时)
6. This machine ________ (be) supposed to work quietly.(一般现在时被动结构,it 作主语)
【参考答案】1. to make 2. are 3. to show 4. to press 5. solves 6. is
6. It is believed that the world's oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe.人们认为世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧发现的。
believe v. 相信;认为
易错变形:believed (过去式 / 过去分词);believing (现在分词);belief n. 相信;信念
记忆小提示:课本高频句型:It is believed that …人们认为……;
固定搭配
1. believe sb. 相信某人(相信某人说的话)
2. believe in sb/sth信任;信仰
3. It is believed that + 从句 人们认为……(课本原句)
中考例句
1. I believe that the railway is a great project.我认为这条铁路是一项伟大的工程。
2. We believe him, but we don’t believe in him.我们相信他说的话,但并不信任他这个人。
结构
核心用法
例句
believe sb
相信某人所说的话
I believe him. 我相信他(说的是真话)。
believe in sb
信任、信赖某人;信仰
We believe in the scientist. 我们信任这位科学家。
It is believed that…
人们认为……,被动句型
It is believed that the wheel is old. 人们认为这个轮子很古老。
【即学即练】
1. It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel ________ (find) in Eastern Europe.(被动)
2. I believe that he ________ (solve) different problems well.(一般现在时)
3. We believe ________ (he) because he is honest.(宾格)
4. It ________ (be) believed that this railway is very important.(一般现在时)
5. I don’t believe that it ________ (be) true.
6. They believe ________ (he) and trust his ideas.(宾格)
【参考答案】1. was found 2. solves 3. him 4. is 5. is 6. him
7. The Qinghai‑Xizang Railway was completed in 2006.青藏铁路于 2006 年建成通车。
complete v. 完成;完工 adj. 完整的;完全的
单词
词性
中文释义
易错词形变形
complete
v./adj.
v. 完成,完工;adj. 完整的,完全的
completed (过去式 / 过去分词);completing (现在分词);completion n. 完成
固定搭配
1. complete sth. 完成 / 建成某物
2. be completed 被完成;被建成(被动高频)
3. complete the project/task完成工程 / 任务
中考例句
1. They completed the tunnel in three years.他们用三年时间建成了这条隧道。
2. The work can be completed before winter.这项工作可以在冬天之前完成。
3. This is a complete collection of old objects.这是一套完整的古物件藏品。
单词
核心用法
例句
complete(动词)
完成大型工程、项目
The workers completed the railway. 工人们建成了这条铁路。
be completed
被动,被建成、被完成
The railway was completed in 2006. 这条铁路 2006 年建成。
finish(动词)
普通做完事情,可接 doing
He finished reading the book. 他读完了这本书。
【即学即练】
1. They ________ (complete) the tunnels last year.(过去式主动)
2. The task can ________ (complete) in a short time.(被动)
3. The ________ (complete) of the railway changed the area.(名词:完成)
4. He ________ (finish /complete) doing his research just now.(finish 后接 doing)
5. This is a ________ (complete) set of old photos.(完整的,形容词)
【参考答案】1. completed 2. be completed 3. completion 4. finished 5. complete
8. Creative ideas were needed to solve different problems.解决各类问题需要富有创造性的想法。
need v. 需要 modal v. 需要(情态动词) n. 需要;需求
单词
词性
中文释义
易错词形变形
need
v./modal v./n.
需要;需求
needed (过去式、过去分词);needing (现在分词)
记忆小提示:
1. 实义动词 need:need sth;need to do sth;need doing = need to be done(某物需要被……)
2. 情态动词 need:多用于否定、疑问句,后接动词原形 needn’t do。
固定搭配
1. need sth 需要某物(实义动词)
2. need to do sth. 需要做某事(人作主语)
3. need doing = need to be done 某物需要被……(主动表被动,高频)
4. be needed to do被需要去做(被动语态)
5. needn’t do 不必做(情态动词)
中考例句
1. Creative ideas were needed to solve different problems.解决各类问题需要富有创造性的想法。
2. We need to build some tunnels.我们需要修建一些隧道。
3. The machine needs repairing = The machine needs to be repaired.这台机器需要被修理。
4. You needn’t press the red button.你不必按下这个红色按钮。
【即学即练】
用 need 的适当形式填空
1. More time ________ (need) to finish the difficult project.(被动)
2. You need ________ (show) us the animal‑friendly bridges.
3. The old tunnel needs ________ (check).(主动表被动)
4. You ________ (need) worry. Everything is OK.(情态动词,不必)
5. Lots of creative ideas ________ (need) when people built the railway.(过去时被动)
【参考答案】1. is needed 2. to show 3. checking 4. needn’t 5. were needed
9. However,in some places,it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground,so tunnels had to be created instead.然而在部分地区,无法在冻土之上修建铁路,因此不得不转而修建隧道。
①however adv. 然而;可是
单词
词性
中文释义
易混辨析
however
adv.
然而,可是;无论怎样
but 连词,但是;however 副词,然而
固定搭配 & 用法
1. 表转折:however 然而(副词,不充当连词)
2. 让步含义:however + adj./adv. 无论多么……
单词
词性
用法
例句
but
连词,但是
直接连接两个句子,无逗号(或少量逗号)
The ground is frozen but we try our best. 土地冻土,但我们尽全力。
however
副词,然而
不能直接连接句子;要用分号 / 句号隔开,搭配逗号
The ground is frozen. However, we try our best. 土地是冻土。然而我们尽全力。
【即学即练】
1. ________ (However/But), it was impossible to build railway over frozen ground.(句首,副词)
2. The work is difficult, ________ (but/however) we will keep on doing it.(连词)
3. ________ (However) hard the task is, we will complete it.(无论多么)
4. It is a great project. ________ (However), it brings some new problems.(句首,副词)
5. He, ________ (however/but), didn’t know how to solve the problem.(句中插入,前后逗号)
【参考答案】1. However 2. but 3. However 4. However 5. however
②it is + 形容词 + to do sth. 做某事是…… 的(it 作形式主语)
句型
要点
例句
It is +adj.+to do
it 形式主语,真正主语 to do;不能说 To do sth is +adj. 错误?语法成立但考试优先 it 结构
It is hard to solve the problem. 解决这个问题很难。
It is +adj.+for sb to do
形容词描述事情难易好坏
It is difficult for them to build tunnels. 对他们来说修建隧道很难。
It is +adj.+of sb to do
形容词描述人的品质:kind/nice/foolish
It is kind of scientists to help local people. 科学家帮助当地人真是善良。
【即学即练】
1. It was impossible ________ (build) railway over the frozen ground.
2. It is important for workers ________ (complete) the project on time.
3. ________ (It/This) is easy to enjoy music on the radio.(选形式主语)
4. It is kind ________ (of/for) the scientists to help local people.(人的品质)
5. It ________ (be) impossible to solve the problem many years ago.(过去式)
6. It is difficult for us ________ (connect) these machines together.
【参考答案】1. to build 2. to complete 3. It 4. of 5. was 6. to connect
10. These bridges are animal‑friendly and allow animals to pass under the tracks.这些桥梁对动物很友好,可以让动物从铁轨下方通行。
①allow v. 允许;准许;使能够
固定搭配
1. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
2. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
3. allow doing sth. 允许做某事(后面直接动名词,无 sb)
中考例句
1. We don’t allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。
2. Animals are allowed to pass under the tracks.动物被允许从铁轨下方通行。
结构
用法
例句
allow sb to do
允许某人去做,sb 作宾语
The bridges allow animals to pass. 桥梁允许动物通行。
allow doing
允许做某事,后面接 doing,不能接 to do
We don’t allow smoking. 我们不允许吸烟。
be allowed to do
被动:某人被允许做
They are allowed to pass. 他们被允许通过。
【即学即练】
1. The bridges allow animals ________ (pass) under the tracks.
2. We don’t allow ________ (smoke) near the tunnel.
3. Students ________ (allow) to take a break after work.(一般现在时被动)
4. They were allowed ________ (show) their amazing inventions.
5. The rule doesn’t allow people ________ (cross) the tracks.
6. This machine is not allowed ________ (use) in the tunnel.
【参考答案】1. to pass 2. smoking 3. are allowed 4. to show 5. to cross 6. to use
②pass v. 通过;经过;传递;通行 n. 通行证;及格
固定搭配
1. pass + 地点 经过某地
2. pass under / through…从…… 下方 / 内部通过
3. pass sb sth = pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人
4. pass the exam通过考试
5. pass by 路过
单词
词性
核心用法
例句
pass
动词
经过、传递、通过考试;时态 passed
Animals pass under the tracks. 动物从铁轨下通行。
past
介词 / 副词
经过(不能作谓语动词)
walk past the tracks 走过铁轨
【即学即练】
1. These bridges allow animals ________ (pass) under the tracks.(to do)
2. Many trains ________ (pass) through the tunnel every day.
3. He ________ (pass) the exam successfully last year.
4. Please pass the tool ________ me.
5. When you walk ________ (pass/past) the tracks, be careful.
6. Lots of animals are seen ________ (pass) under the bridges.
【参考答案】1. to pass 2. pass 3. passed 4. to 5. past 6. pass
11.As an important and successful project,the railway has increased tourism and economic development in the area.作为一项重要且成功的工程,这条铁路带动了该地区旅游业与经济的发展。
increase v. 增加;增长;提升 n. 增长;增加
易错词形变形:increased (过去式 / 过去分词);increasing (现在分词);increasing adj. 不断增长的
固定搭配
1. increase sth增加 / 提升某物(及物)
2. increase by + 数值 增长了……(幅度)
3. increase to + 数值 增长到……(最终数值)
4. an increase in … …… 方面的增长(名词)
中考例句
1. The railway has increased tourism and economic development in the area.这条铁路带动了该地区旅游业与经济的发展。
2. The number of tourists increased last year.游客数量去年有所增长。
3. The price increased by 20 percent.价格上涨了百分之二十。
4. There is a big increase in transport.交通方面有大幅增长。
结构
用法
例句
increase(及物动词)
主语人为 / 事物,直接接宾语
The project increased local tourism. 这项工程提升了当地旅游业。
increase(不及物动词)
事物自身增长,无宾语
Tourism is increasing. 旅游业正在增长。
increase by
增长了(看变化幅度)
The number increased by 500. 数量增加了 500。
increase to
增长到(看最终结果)
The number increased to 2000. 数量增长到 2000。
【即学即练】
1. The railway ________ (increase) tourism in the area.(现在完成时 has increased)
2. The number of tourists ________ (increase) greatly last year.(过去式)
3. The population increased ________ 10%.(增长了,介词)
4. There is a great increase ________ tourism.(介词,在…… 方面)
5. The number can ________ (increase) further in the future.(动词原形)
6. The number increased ________ 5,000.(增长到,介词)
【参考答案】1. has increased 2. increased 3. by 4. in 5. increase 6. to
12.The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help to improve transport in other similar places in the world.修建这条铁路所汲取的经验教训与积累的经验,将有助于改善世界上其他相似地区的交通状况。
similar adj. 相似的;类似的
单词
词性
中文释义
易错变形
similar
adj.
相似的,类似的
similarly adv. 类似地;similarity n. 相似点
固定搭配
1. be similar to …和…… 相似(中考高频)
2. similar to + 名词 与…… 类似
单词
搭配
例句
similar
be similar to 与…… 相似
The tracks are similar to those in Eastern Europe. 这些轨道和东欧的那些很相似。
same
be the same as 和…… 相同
This tool is the same as that one. 这个工具和那一个完全一样。
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【即学即练】
1. It will help transport in other ________ (similar) places around the world.(形容词原形)
2. This kind of tunnel is similar ________ the one in Qinghai.(介词)
3. There are many ________ (similar) between the two projects.(名词复数:相似点)
4. Your idea is ________ (similar) to mine.(形容词)
5. This bridge is the same ________ the tracks for animals.(as / to)
6. ________ (similar), we need to build tunnels in other areas.(副词:类似地)
【参考答案】1. similar 2. to 3. similarities 4. similar 5. as 6. Similarly
1、 必背单词(语法填空高频・词形变换)
单词
词性
释义
易错词形变形
invent
v.
发明;编造
invention n. 发明;inventor n. 发明家
produce
v.
生产;繁育
production n. 生产;product n. 产品
gradually
adv.
逐渐地;逐步地
gradual adj. 逐渐的
widely
adv.
广泛地;普遍地
wide adj. 宽阔的
plastic
n. 塑料 adj. 塑料的
塑料;塑料的
plastics n. 塑料制品
file
n.
(计算机的)文件;文件夹
files (复数)
printer
n.
打印机;印刷公司
print v. 打印;印刷
2、 核心语法:被动语态(一般现在时)
结构
肯定:am /is/are + 动词过去分词
否定:am /is/are + not + 动词过去分词
疑问:Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 动词过去分词?
中考高频句型
1. What are they used for?它们是用来做什么的?
> ✅be used for doing sth 被用来做某事(for 后接 doing,不接 to do)
2. A mini‑camera is connected to the front of the glasses.一个微型摄像头被连接在眼镜前部。
3. Words can also be turned into sound.文字也可以被转换成声音。
> 情态动词被动:can /may/must + be + 过去分词
关键易错点
1. 及物动词才有被动;不及物动词(happen, appear, take place)无被动语态。
❌The accident was happened.
✅The accident happened.
2. 被动语态中,by 引出动作执行者,可以省略。
The oil and salt are added (by the machine itself).
3. be used 三大易混句型
- be used for doing 被用来做……(表用途)
- be used to do 被用来做……
- be used to doing 习惯于做……
三、重点短语
1. be connected to 被连接到……
2. turn…into… 把…… 变成……
3. be used for doing sth 被用来做某事
4. hundreds of 数以百计;许多
5. add…to… 把…… 添加到……
四、易混辨析表格
句型
含义
结构
be used for doing
被用来做某事
for + 动名词,强调用途
be used to do
被用来做某事
to + 动词原形,强调用途
be used to doing
习惯于做某事
to 是介词,后接 doing
$Unit 5 Power of Ideas
Unit 5 课时3 Section A Grammar focus 4a-4c核心知识梳理
一、必背词汇
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1. 电话(名词):telephone
2. 认为;推断(动词):suppose
3. 车轮;轮子(名词):wheel
4. 应当做 (某事) 或是 (某物)(短语):be supposed to do/be sth
5. 东部的;东方的(形容词):eastern
6. 层;表层(名词):layer
7. 冻硬的;冰封的(形容词):frozen
8. (使)融化;逐渐消失(动词):melt
9. 管道;管子;烟斗(名词):pipe
10. 旅游业(名词):tourism
11. 经济的;经济学的(形容词):economic
12. 获得;取得(动词):gain
1. 电话(名词):___________
2. 认为;推断(动词):___________
3. 车轮;轮子(名词):___________
4. 应当做 (某事) 或是 (某物)(短语):___________
5. 东部的;东方的(形容词):___________
6. 层;表层(名词):___________
7. 冻硬的;冰封的(形容词):___________
8. (使)融化;逐渐消失(动词):___________
9. 管道;管子;烟斗(名词):___________
10. 旅游业(名词):___________
11. 经济的;经济学的(形容词):___________
12. 获得;取得(动词):___________
二、必会考点
1. A mini‑camera is connected to the front of the glasses.一台微型摄像头被连接在眼镜的前部。
connect v.连接;联系connected (过去式 / 过去分词);connecting (现在分词);connection n. 联系;连接
固定搭配
1. connect A to/with B 把 A 与 B 连接起来
2. be connected to … 被连接到……(课本高频)
3. be connected with …和…… 有关联
4. connect …by…通过…… 连接
中考例句
1. People all over the world are connected to each other through the internet.世界各地的人们通过互联网彼此联系在一起。
2. This machine is connected with the 3D printer.这台机器和 3D 打印机有关联。
3. Please connect the file to the printer.请把文件连接到打印机。
结构
核心用法
例句
connect A to B
把 A 连接到 B(实物连接)
Connect the screen to the computer. 把屏幕连接到电脑上。
be connected to
被连接到……,被动
The camera is connected to the glasses. 摄像头被连接到眼镜上。
be connected with
与…… 有关(抽象,关联)
The radio is connected with many other inventions. 无线电和其他许多发明有关联。
connection (名词)
联系,连接
There is a close connection between them. 它们之间联系紧密。
【即学即练】
1. A mini‑camera ________ (connect) to the front of the glasses.(一般现在时被动)
2. Please connect the computer ________ the printer.(to / with)
3. These two events have a close ________ (connect).(名词:联系)
4. People all over the world ________ (connect) to each other by Internet.(被动)
5. This story is connected ________ the ancient invention.(to / with)
6. He is ________ (connect) the machine to the screen now.(现在进行时)
2. A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901.1901 年,第一条无线电信息首次横跨大西洋发送成功。
短语
词性
中文释义
拓展
for the first time
介词短语
第一次,首次
the first time(连词,第一次……,引导从句)
固定搭配
1. for the first time 第一次(作状语,放句首或句末)
2. the first time + 从句 第一次……(连词性质,引导时间状语从句)
中考例句
1. I saw the amazing invention for the first time.我第一次见到这项令人惊叹的发明。
2. The first time I saw the 3D printer, I felt amazed.我第一次见到这台 3D 打印机的时候,感到很惊讶。
结构
核心用法
例句
for the first time
介词短语,作状语;不能引导从句
He developed the idea for the first time in the 1890s. 他在 19 世纪 90 年代首次提出这个构想。
the first time + 从句
连词结构,引导时间状语从句
The first time I met him, he was working on the radio. 我第一次见到他时,他正在研究无线电。
【即学即练】
1. A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean ________ the first time in 1901.(介词)
2. ________ (For the first time / The first time) he visited the show, he saw many great inventions.(连词引导从句)
3. I tried 3D‑printed food ________ the first time.(介词)
4. ________ (For the first time / The first time), news spread fast around the world.(作状语)
5. The word “robot” was introduced ________ the first time in a play in 1920.(介词)
6. ________ (For the first time / The first time) I connected the machine, I was kind of nervous.(引导从句)
3. People all over the world are connected to each other through the internet.世界各地的人们通过互联网彼此联系在一起。
through prep. 通过;凭借;穿过;经由 adv. 穿过
单词
词性
中文释义
易混辨析
through
prep./adv.
通过,凭借;(从内部)穿过;经由
across 从表面横过;through 从内部穿过
记忆小提示:
1. through:从物体内部穿过;也可表方式 “凭借、通过”(课本原句:through the internet)。
2. across:从物体表面横穿(马路、河面)。
固定搭配
1. through + 名词 通过 / 凭借……(方式手段)
2. go through 穿过;经历;浏览
3. all through 自始至终;遍及
中考例句
1. Light goes through the plastic.光线穿透塑料。
2. He learned a lot through reading books.他通过读书学到很多东西。
3. The news spread across the sea.消息跨海传播。(across 表面横穿)
单词
核心用法
例句
through
穿过(内部);凭借某种方式
We communicate through the radio. 我们通过无线电交流。
across
横过(物体表面)
Walk across the road. 过马路。
【即学即练】
1. People are connected to each other ________ the Internet.(through / across)
2. The river runs ________ the city.(穿过城市内部 through /across)
3. He got much knowledge ________ reading books.(by / through)
4. You must be careful when you walk ________ the street.(through / across)
5. They solved the problem ________ hard work.(through / across)
6. Light can go ________ this kind of plastic.(介词)
4. The word “robot” was introduced for the first time in a play in 1920.“机器人” 这个单词于 1920 年在一部戏剧中首次被提出。
introduce v. 介绍;引进;首次提出
单词
词性
中文释义
易错词形变形
introduce
v.
介绍;引进;首次提出
introduced (过去式 / 过去分词);introducing (现在分词);introduction n. 介绍;引言
固定搭配
1. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
2. introduce sth. to/into sp. 把某物引进 / 传入某地
3. be introduced被引入;被首次提出(被动高频)
4. introduce oneself自我介绍
中考例句
1. Please introduce this amazing invention to us.请向我们介绍这项令人惊叹的发明。
2. He introduced himself at the invention show.他在发明展上做了自我介绍。
3. The introduction of new machines changed the production.新机器的引进改变了生产方式。
结构
词性
核心用法
例句
introduce
动词
介绍、引进;主动
He introduced the new tool. 他介绍了这个新工具。
be introduced
被动语态
被引进、被提出
The word was introduced in 1920. 这个单词在 1920 年被首次提出。
introduction
名词
介绍;引言
This is a short introduction to the radio. 这是对无线电的简短介绍。
【即学即练】
1. Please introduce the new machine ________ me.(to / for)
2. To our surprise, the ________ (introduce) of robots changed people’s life.(名词)
3. He ________ (introduce) himself when he showed up.(过去式)
4. This kind of machine can ________ (introduce) into our factory.(被动)
5. He introduced ________ (he) to the scientists.(反身代词)
5. It wasn't supposed to make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine.按下按钮启动机器时,它本不应该发出这么大的噪音。
suppose v. 认为;假定;料想
单词
词性
中文释义
易错词形变形
suppose
v.
认为;假定;料想
supposed (过去式 / 过去分词);supposing (现在分词);固定短语 be supposed to do(中考高频)
固定搭配
1. be supposed to do sth.应该做某事;理应做某事(高频)
2. be not supposed to do sth.不应该做某事
3. I suppose (that)…我认为……
中考例句
1. You are supposed to show up on time.你理应准时到场。
2. I suppose that this is a useful invention.我认为这是一项有用的发明。
3.You are not supposed to press this red button.你不应该按下这个红色按钮。
【即学即练】
1. It wasn’t supposed ________ (make) such a loud noise.
2. You ________ (be) supposed to connect the camera to the glasses.(一般现在时,you 作主语)
3. They were supposed ________ (show) us the new tool yesterday.(to do)
4. You are not supposed ________ (press) this button.
5. I suppose that he ________ (solve) different problems well.(一般现在时)
6. This machine ________ (be) supposed to work quietly.(一般现在时被动结构,it 作主语)
6. It is believed that the world's oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe.人们认为世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧发现的。
believe v. 相信;认为
易错变形:believed (过去式 / 过去分词);believing (现在分词);belief n. 相信;信念
记忆小提示:课本高频句型:It is believed that …人们认为……;
固定搭配
1. believe sb. 相信某人(相信某人说的话) 2. believe in sb/sth信任;信仰
3. It is believed that + 从句 人们认为……(课本原句)
中考例句
1. I believe that the railway is a great project.我认为这条铁路是一项伟大的工程。
2. We believe him, but we don’t believe in him.我们相信他说的话,但并不信任他这个人。
结构
核心用法
例句
believe sb
相信某人所说的话
I believe him. 我相信他(说的是真话)。
believe in sb
信任、信赖某人;信仰
We believe in the scientist. 我们信任这位科学家。
It is believed that…
人们认为……,被动句型
It is believed that the wheel is old. 人们认为这个轮子很古老。
【即学即练】
1. It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel ________ (find) in Eastern Europe.(被动)
2. I believe that he ________ (solve) different problems well.(一般现在时)
3. We believe ________ (he) because he is honest.(宾格)
4. It ________ (be) believed that this railway is very important.(一般现在时)
5. I don’t believe that it ________ (be) true.
6. They believe ________ (he) and trust his ideas.(宾格)
7. The Qinghai‑Xizang Railway was completed in 2006.青藏铁路于 2006 年建成通车。
complete v. 完成;完工 adj. 完整的;完全的
单词
词性
中文释义
易错词形变形
complete
v./adj.
v. 完成,完工;adj. 完整的,完全的
completed (过去式 / 过去分词);completing (现在分词);completion n. 完成
固定搭配
1. complete sth. 完成 / 建成某物
2. be completed 被完成;被建成(被动高频)
3. complete the project/task完成工程 / 任务
中考例句
1. They completed the tunnel in three years.他们用三年时间建成了这条隧道。
2. The work can be completed before winter.这项工作可以在冬天之前完成。
3. This is a complete collection of old objects.这是一套完整的古物件藏品。
单词
核心用法
例句
complete(动词)
完成大型工程、项目
The workers completed the railway. 工人们建成了这条铁路。
be completed
被动,被建成、被完成
The railway was completed in 2006. 这条铁路 2006 年建成。
finish(动词)
普通做完事情,可接 doing
He finished reading the book. 他读完了这本书。
【即学即练】
1. They ________ (complete) the tunnels last year.(过去式主动)
2. The task can ________ (complete) in a short time.(被动)
3. The ________ (complete) of the railway changed the area.(名词:完成)
4. He ________ (finish /complete) doing his research just now.(finish 后接 doing)
5. This is a ________ (complete) set of old photos.(完整的,形容词)
8. Creative ideas were needed to solve different problems.解决各类问题需要富有创造性的想法。
need v. 需要 modal v. 需要(情态动词) n. 需要;需求
单词
词性
中文释义
易错词形变形
need
v./modal v./n.
需要;需求
needed (过去式、过去分词);needing (现在分词)
记忆小提示:
1. 实义动词 need:need sth;need to do sth;need doing = need to be done(某物需要被……)
2. 情态动词 need:多用于否定、疑问句,后接动词原形 needn’t do。
固定搭配
1. need sth 需要某物(实义动词)
2. need to do sth. 需要做某事(人作主语)
3. need doing = need to be done 某物需要被……(主动表被动,高频)
4. be needed to do被需要去做(被动语态)
5. needn’t do 不必做(情态动词)
中考例句
1. Creative ideas were needed to solve different problems.解决各类问题需要富有创造性的想法。
2. We need to build some tunnels.我们需要修建一些隧道。
3. The machine needs repairing = The machine needs to be repaired.这台机器需要被修理。
4. You needn’t press the red button.你不必按下这个红色按钮。
【即学即练】
用 need 的适当形式填空
1. More time ________ (need) to finish the difficult project.(被动)
2. You need ________ (show) us the animal‑friendly bridges.
3. The old tunnel needs ________ (check).(主动表被动)
4. You ________ (need) worry. Everything is OK.(情态动词,不必)
5. Lots of creative ideas ________ (need) when people built the railway.(过去时被动)
9. However,in some places,it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground,so tunnels had to be created instead.然而在部分地区,无法在冻土之上修建铁路,因此不得不转而修建隧道。
①however adv. 然而;可是
单词
词性
中文释义
易混辨析
however
adv.
然而,可是;无论怎样
but 连词,但是;however 副词,然而
固定搭配 & 用法
1. 表转折:however 然而(副词,不充当连词)
2. 让步含义:however + adj./adv. 无论多么……
单词
词性
用法
例句
but
连词,但是
直接连接两个句子,无逗号(或少量逗号)
The ground is frozen but we try our best. 土地冻土,但我们尽全力。
however
副词,然而
不能直接连接句子;要用分号 / 句号隔开,搭配逗号
The ground is frozen. However, we try our best. 土地是冻土。然而我们尽全力。
【即学即练】
1. ________ (However/But), it was impossible to build railway over frozen ground.(句首,副词)
2. The work is difficult, ________ (but/however) we will keep on doing it.(连词)
3. ________ (However) hard the task is, we will complete it.(无论多么)
4. It is a great project. ________ (However), it brings some new problems.(句首,副词)
5. He, ________ (however/but), didn’t know how to solve the problem.(句中插入,前后逗号)
②it is + 形容词 + to do sth. 做某事是…… 的(it 作形式主语)
句型
要点
例句
It is +adj.+to do
it 形式主语,真正主语 to do;不能说 To do sth is +adj. 错误?语法成立但考试优先 it 结构
It is hard to solve the problem. 解决这个问题很难。
It is +adj.+for sb to do
形容词描述事情难易好坏
It is difficult for them to build tunnels. 对他们来说修建隧道很难。
It is +adj.+of sb to do
形容词描述人的品质:kind/nice/foolish
It is kind of scientists to help local people. 科学家帮助当地人真是善良。
【即学即练】
1. It was impossible ________ (build) railway over the frozen ground.
2. It is important for workers ________ (complete) the project on time.
3. ________ (It/This) is easy to enjoy music on the radio.(选形式主语)
4. It is kind ________ (of/for) the scientists to help local people.(人的品质)
5. It ________ (be) impossible to solve the problem many years ago.(过去式)
6. It is difficult for us ________ (connect) these machines together.
10. These bridges are animal‑friendly and allow animals to pass under the tracks.这些桥梁对动物很友好,可以让动物从铁轨下方通行。
①allow v. 允许;准许;使能够
固定搭配
1. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
2. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
3. allow doing sth. 允许做某事(后面直接动名词,无 sb)
中考例句
1. We don’t allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。
2. Animals are allowed to pass under the tracks.动物被允许从铁轨下方通行。
结构
用法
例句
allow sb to do
允许某人去做,sb 作宾语
The bridges allow animals to pass. 桥梁允许动物通行。
allow doing
允许做某事,后面接 doing,不能接 to do
We don’t allow smoking. 我们不允许吸烟。
be allowed to do
被动:某人被允许做
They are allowed to pass. 他们被允许通过。
【即学即练】
1. The bridges allow animals ________ (pass) under the tracks.
2. We don’t allow ________ (smoke) near the tunnel.
3. Students ________ (allow) to take a break after work.(一般现在时被动)
4. They were allowed ________ (show) their amazing inventions.
5. The rule doesn’t allow people ________ (cross) the tracks.
6. This machine is not allowed ________ (use) in the tunnel.
②pass v. 通过;经过;传递;通行 n. 通行证;及格
固定搭配
1. pass + 地点 经过某地
2. pass under / through…从…… 下方 / 内部通过
3. pass sb sth = pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人
4. pass the exam通过考试
5. pass by 路过
单词
词性
核心用法
例句
pass
动词
经过、传递、通过考试;时态 passed
Animals pass under the tracks. 动物从铁轨下通行。
past
介词 / 副词
经过(不能作谓语动词)
walk past the tracks 走过铁轨
【即学即练】
1. These bridges allow animals ________ (pass) under the tracks.(to do)
2. Many trains ________ (pass) through the tunnel every day.
3. He ________ (pass) the exam successfully last year.
4. Please pass the tool ________ me.
5. When you walk ________ (pass/past) the tracks, be careful.
6. Lots of animals are seen ________ (pass) under the bridges.
11.As an important and successful project,the railway has increased tourism and economic development in the area.作为一项重要且成功的工程,这条铁路带动了该地区旅游业与经济的发展。
increase v. 增加;增长;提升 n. 增长;增加
易错词形变形:increased (过去式 / 过去分词);increasing (现在分词);increasing adj. 不断增长的
固定搭配
1. increase sth增加 / 提升某物(及物)
2. increase by + 数值 增长了……(幅度)
3. increase to + 数值 增长到……(最终数值)
4. an increase in … …… 方面的增长(名词)
中考例句
1. The railway has increased tourism and economic development in the area.这条铁路带动了该地区旅游业与经济的发展。
2. The number of tourists increased last year.游客数量去年有所增长。
3. The price increased by 20 percent.价格上涨了百分之二十。
4. There is a big increase in transport.交通方面有大幅增长。
结构
用法
例句
increase(及物动词)
主语人为 / 事物,直接接宾语
The project increased local tourism. 这项工程提升了当地旅游业。
increase(不及物动词)
事物自身增长,无宾语
Tourism is increasing. 旅游业正在增长。
increase by
增长了(看变化幅度)
The number increased by 500. 数量增加了 500。
increase to
增长到(看最终结果)
The number increased to 2000. 数量增长到 2000。
【即学即练】
1. The railway ________ (increase) tourism in the area.(现在完成时 has increased)
2. The number of tourists ________ (increase) greatly last year.(过去式)
3. The population increased ________ 10%.(增长了,介词)
4. There is a great increase ________ tourism.(介词,在…… 方面)
5. The number can ________ (increase) further in the future.(动词原形)
6. The number increased ________ 5,000.(增长到,介词)
12.The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help to improve transport in other similar places in the world.修建这条铁路所汲取的经验教训与积累的经验,将有助于改善世界上其他相似地区的交通状况。
similar adj. 相似的;类似的
单词
词性
中文释义
易错变形
similar
adj.
相似的,类似的
similarly adv. 类似地;similarity n. 相似点
固定搭配
1. be similar to …和…… 相似(中考高频)
2. similar to + 名词 与…… 类似
单词
搭配
例句
similar
be similar to 与…… 相似
The tracks are similar to those in Eastern Europe. 这些轨道和东欧的那些很相似。
same
be the same as 和…… 相同
This tool is the same as that one. 这个工具和那一个完全一样。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
【即学即练】
1. It will help transport in other ________ (similar) places around the world.(形容词原形)
2. This kind of tunnel is similar ________ the one in Qinghai.(介词)
3. There are many ________ (similar) between the two projects.(名词复数:相似点)
4. Your idea is ________ (similar) to mine.(形容词)
5. This bridge is the same ________ the tracks for animals.(as / to)
6. ________ (similar), we need to build tunnels in other areas.(副词:类似地)
1、 必背单词(语法填空高频・词形变换)
单词
词性
释义
易错词形变形
invent
v.
发明;编造
invention n. 发明;inventor n. 发明家
produce
v.
生产;繁育
production n. 生产;product n. 产品
gradually
adv.
逐渐地;逐步地
gradual adj. 逐渐的
widely
adv.
广泛地;普遍地
wide adj. 宽阔的
plastic
n. 塑料 adj. 塑料的
塑料;塑料的
plastics n. 塑料制品
file
n.
(计算机的)文件;文件夹
files (复数)
printer
n.
打印机;印刷公司
print v. 打印;印刷
2、 核心语法:被动语态(一般现在时)
结构
肯定:am /is/are + 动词过去分词
否定:am /is/are + not + 动词过去分词
疑问:Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 动词过去分词?
中考高频句型
1. What are they used for?它们是用来做什么的?
> ✅be used for doing sth 被用来做某事(for 后接 doing,不接 to do)
2. A mini‑camera is connected to the front of the glasses.一个微型摄像头被连接在眼镜前部。
3. Words can also be turned into sound.文字也可以被转换成声音。
> 情态动词被动:can /may/must + be + 过去分词
关键易错点
1. 及物动词才有被动;不及物动词(happen, appear, take place)无被动语态。
❌The accident was happened.
✅The accident happened.
2. 被动语态中,by 引出动作执行者,可以省略。
The oil and salt are added (by the machine itself).
3. be used 三大易混句型
- be used for doing 被用来做……(表用途)
- be used to do 被用来做……
- be used to doing 习惯于做……
三、重点短语
1. be connected to 被连接到……
2. turn…into… 把…… 变成……
3. be used for doing sth 被用来做某事
4. hundreds of 数以百计;许多
5. add…to… 把…… 添加到……
四、易混辨析表格
句型
含义
结构
be used for doing
被用来做某事
for + 动名词,强调用途
be used to do
被用来做某事
to + 动词原形,强调用途
be used to doing
习惯于做某事
to 是介词,后接 doing
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