Unit 2 Great ideas Reading 课件 2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语课件围绕“伟大思想如何改变世界”主题，以阿基米德的故事为核心，通过视频导入、迷你测验及生活应用讨论搭建背景知识支架，引导学生从词汇学习过渡到语篇结构分析，理解科学问题解决过程。 其亮点在于任务驱动与跨文化融合，通过实验对比图表、思维导图等培养思维品质，结合曹冲称象案例提升文化意识，丰富的词汇练习和探究讨论增强语言能力，既激发学生科学兴趣，也为教师提供系统教学支持。

Unit 2 Great ideas 主题范畴：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化；科学与技术 子主题：对世界、国家、人民和社会进步有突出贡献的人物。 Key question How do great ideas change the world? 认读和理解单元话题重点单词、短语、句型等; 通过解读文本（记叙文）特征，掌握语篇结构与主要内容，了解阿基米德解决问题的过程; 感受阿基米德善于观察、勤于思考的科学精神，激发对科学的兴趣。 Learning objectives 学习目标 After learning, I will be able to: New words and phrases 1. *firm /fɜːm/ adj. 牢固的；坚硬的 p.20 2. ignorance /ˈɪgnərəns/ n. 无知 p.20 3. application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. (尤指理论、发现等的) 应用 p.20 4. fancy /ˈfænsi/ adj. 精致的；绚丽的 p.21 5. satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/ adj. 满意的；满足的 p.21 6. prince /prɪns/ n. 王子 p.21 7. displace /dɪsˈpleɪs/ v. 排出；挤出；取代； 替代 p.21 8. fool /fuːl/ v. 欺骗；愚弄 p.21 9. *prison /ˈprɪzn/ n. 监狱；牢狱 p.21 10. be satisfied with 对……感到满足 p.21 11. fill ... with 充满；装满 p.21 12. run over 溢出 p.21 13. go straight to 直奔 p.21 First thoughts P19 Great ideas in different fields Influences of great ideas in different fields Understanding great ideas People with great ideas Where great ideas come from Where do great ideas come from? What do great ideas bring about? Why do we need new ideas? How have great ideas influenced our lives? P19 Warming up Let’s enjoy a video! Before you read Where do great ideas come from? P20 1. Complete a mini-quiz about Archimedes. (1) Who was Archimedes? (You may choose more than one answer.) a. a physicist b. a painter c. a mathematician Archimedes was a physicist and a mathematician. He was also a great engineer, inventor, and astronomer. (2) Where was Archimedes born? a. Pisa, an Italian city b. Cairo, an Egyptian city c. Syracuse, an ancient Greek city Archimedes was born in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse, which is located on the island of Sicily today. (3) Which of the quotes below is from Archimedes? a. Give me but one firm spot on which to stand, and I will move the Earth. b. You can’t step twice into the same river. c. I know nothing except the fact of my ignorance. Option a is a famous quote by Archimedes, reflecting his confidence in the principle of the lever. 给我一个支点，我就能撬动地球。 我唯一知道的就是我一无所知。——哲学家苏格拉底 /twaɪs/ adv. 两次；两遍 人不能两次踏入同一条河流。——哲学家赫拉克利特 2. You have learnt Archimedes’ principle in your physics class. Look at the pictures and discuss the question below. What are the applications of Archimedes’ principle in daily life? /ˌɑːkɪˈmiːdiːz ˈprɪnsəpl/ 阿基米德原理 Sure. Ship designers use Archimedes’ principle to make sure their ships float on water. What are the applications of Archimedes’ principle in daily life? Can you give an example? Lifebuoys are designed using Archimedes’ principle. They are light and displace enough water to keep people afloat in the sea. Hot air balloons work based on Archimedes’ principle. The hot air inside the balloon is less dense than the cool air outside, so the balloon floats up into the sky. Archimedes and the golden crown One day in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. At first, he was very satisfied with it. “It’s a nice crown, isn’t it?” he asked his son, the prince. Later, however, he began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown. “Is it made completely of gold?” he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth. Read the story and find out what problem Archimedes wanted to solve, and how the problem was solved. While reading P21 “This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. When he got into the bath, some water ran over. “Eureka! That’s it!” shouted Archimedes. “I know how to solve the king’s problem!” Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight. /jʊˈriːkə/exclamation（感叹词）(因找到某物，尤指问题的答案而高兴) 我发现了 Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one pot, and some water ran into the bowl. Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl. “Look at this,” said Archimedes to King Hiero. “A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I know it’s definitely not completely made of gold.” “The crown maker fooled me, didn’t he? What a bad man he is!” shouted King Hiero. He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. Read the passage and decide T (true) or F (false). Task 1 1. King Hiero asked Archimedes to make him a fancy golden crown. 2. At first, the King was very disappointed with the crown. 3. Archimedes thought the problem was very easy to solve. 4. Archimedes was still thinking about the problem as he filled his bath with water. 5. A crown made completely of gold displaces more water than a crown made of gold and another metal. satisfied difficult less a crown maker F F F T F Read Paras. 1-2 and finish the column. Task 2 King Hiero asked a crown maker ______________________________. He was __________________ with it. He began to doubt whether _______ _________________________. He sent the crown to ___________ and asked him __________________. very satisfied to make him a fancy golden crown it was a real golden crown Archimedes to find out the truth One day in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. At first, he was very satisfied with it. “It’s a nice crown, isn’t it?” he asked his son, the prince. Later, however, he began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown. “Is it made completely of gold?” he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth. Pay attention to key words and expressions in Paras. 1-2. 对……感到满意 延伸 satisfaction n. 满足 satisfying adj. 令人满意的 unsatisfied adj. 感到不满意的 v. 怀疑；n. 疑虑 without doubt 毫无疑问 查明真相；弄清事实 Read Paras. 3-5 and answer the questions. Task 3 What did Archimedes think when he received the crown from King Hiero? What problem was Archimedes thinking about? Why was Archimedes so excited? He thought it was difficult to solve the problem. He was thinking about how to solve the king’s problem. Because he suddenly got the idea and knew how to solve the king’s problem. Pay attention to key words and expressions in Paras. 3-5. “This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. When he got into the bath, some water ran over. “Eureka! That’s it!” shouted Archimedes. “I know how to solve the king’s problem!” 溢出; 查阅，复习； （车辆）碾过，轧过；超过限制 解决某人的难题 / 帮某人排忧解难 Task 4 Read Paras. 6-10 and tell how Archimedes solved the king’s problem, then fill in the chart. some gold of the same weight was put into water some water was displaced was put into the crown was not completely made of gold the crown water even more water was displaced Pay attention to key words and expressions in Paras. 6-8. Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight. Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one pot, and some water ran into the bowl. Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl. adv. 直接地; 笔直地adj. 笔直的；正直的 v. 称重；重量为 派生词：weight /weɪt/ n. 重量 Pay attention to key words and expressions in Paras. 9-10. “Look at this,” said Archimedes to King Hiero. “A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I know it’s definitely not completely made of gold.” “The crown maker fooled me, didn’t he? What a bad man he is!” shouted King Hiero. He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. adv. 无疑地；肯定地；绝对 把某人关进监狱；判处某人入狱 延伸 definite /ˈdefɪnət/ adj. 明确的；肯定的 definition /ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/ n. 定义；释义 v. 表扬；赞扬 n. 赞扬；称赞 Task 5 Read the passage and finish the mind map below. What problem King Hiero doubted whether his crown was completely made of gold, so he asked Archimedes to ________________. How Archimedes solved the problem While Archimedes was ______________, he thought of an experiment to solve the problem. What experiment the crown the gold ________________ Archimedes put the gold into one pot and the crown into the other pot. The gold displaced ___________ than the crown. The crown wasn’t a(n) _____ golden crown. It was made of gold and another metal. find out the truth having a bath of the same weight less water real Task 6 Fill in the blanks to finish the summary of the text. One day in ancient Greece, King Hiero asked a crown maker to _____ him a fancy golden crown. At first, he was very satisfied with it. However, he began to _______ whether it was a real golden crown. He ____ the crown to Archimedes and ______ him _____ find out the truth. At first, Archimedes thought this problem seemed difficult to solve. When he _________ the bath, some water __________. He suddenly knew ___________ the king’s problem. After the experiment, they found that the crown was not ________________ gold. The King then ____ the crown maker _________. make doubt sent asked to got into ran over how to solve completely made of sent to prison After reading Reading comprehension 1 These pictures show the story on page 21. Put the pictures in the correct order (1–8). 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P22 Task 7 1 Task 8 Reading comprehension 2 P22 Read the story again and answer the questions below. (1) Why did King Hiero send the crown to Archimedes? (2) What happened when Archimedes got into the bath? Because he doubted whether the crown was a real golden crown. Some water ran over. (3) How did Archimedes discover that the crown was not made completely of gold? (4) Why was Archimedes able to make this discovery? He put the crown in water and discovered that the crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight. Archimedes’ observation in daily life enabled him to make this discovery. Do you know of any other wise people like Archimedes? What problem did he / she solve? How did he / she solve it? Reading comprehension 3 P22 Task 9 A famous example in ancient China: Cao Chong Problem: He needed to find out the weight of a huge elephant. How he solved it: He put the elephant on a boat and marked the water level. Then he replaced the elephant with stones until the boat sank to the same mark. Finally, he weighed the stones to get the elephant’s weight. Vocabulary practice 1 Below are some sentences from the story on page 21. Choose the correct meaning for the words and phrases in italics. P23 (1) King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. a. simple b. expensive c. highly decorated (2) Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. a. pushed ... over　b. made ... full of　c. cleaned ... with (3) Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. a. rode slowly to　 b. ran quickly to c. walked directly to (4) A crown made completely of gold displaces less water ... a. has no place for　b. pushes away　 c. needs no place (5) The crown maker fooled me, didn’t he? a. promised b. tricked c. beat Vocabulary practice 2 Complete the story with the word and the phrases below. Change the form if necessary. P23 fill ... with　fool　go straight　satisfied with One day, two women came to King Solomon with a baby boy. Each of the women said the boy was hers. No one knew which woman was telling the truth. King Solomon wondered if there was a way to find out. “I have to be careful. I, too, can be (1) ______ by a clever liar,” he thought. Then he had an idea. He ordered a soldier to cut the boy in half and divide the boy between the two women. fooled The first woman seemed to be (2) ___________ that. She said, “Go ahead. That sounds fair!” However, the second woman rushed to stop the soldier, “No! Don’t kill him! Let the other woman have him.” King Solomon stopped the soldier. “Give the boy to the second woman,” he said. “She is definitely his real mother.” When the woman heard the king’s words, her heart was (3) _________ relief. She happily took the baby and (4) __________ back home. The other one was sent to prison. Everyone praised King Solomon for his wisdom. satisfied with filled with went straight fill ... with　fool　go straight　satisfied with Vocabulary practice 3 Summarize how Archimedes found out the truth. Use the words and phrases below. bath bowl crown displace metal fill ... with gold of the same weight run over P23 When Archimedes was thinking about the king’s problem, he filled his bath with water. When he got in, water ran over — and that gave him the idea! He went to the palace, weighed the crown, and got some gold of the same weight. Then he put two pots in bowls, filled them with water. Archimedes knew pure gold displaces less water than gold mixed with other metal. Since the crown displaced more water, it wasn’t pure gold. Discussion Do you have any other methods to find out whether the crown was made completely of gold? Discuss it with your classmates. 1. firm /fɜːm/ adj. 牢固的；坚硬的 如：这张桌子的桌腿很结实。 The table has firm wooden legs. 【拓展】 可形容态度：立场坚定 如：她对自己的决定态度坚决。 She is firm about her decision. 2. ignorance /ˈɪgnərəns/ n. 无知 如：对规则不了解会导致失误。 Ignorance of the rules leads to mistakes. ignorance of sth. 对……一无所知 3. application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. (尤指理论、发现等的)应用 如：新理念的运用有助于创新。 The application of new ideas helps creativity. the application of sth. ……的应用 4. fancy /ˈfænsi/ adj. 精致的；绚丽的 如：我们在一家高档精致的餐厅用餐。 We ate dinner in a fancy restaurant. 用法：修饰物品、服饰、餐厅等 5. satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/ adj. 满意的；满足的 如：父母对我的进步很满意。 My parents are satisfied with my progress. be satisfied with sth. 对……感到满足 be satisfied to do sth. 满意地做某事；乐意做某事 如：能按时做完海报，她很满足。 She is satisfied to finish the poster on time. 6. prince /prɪns/ n. 王子 如：这位王子有很多新颖的想法。 The prince had many new creative ideas. 拓展： princess 公主 7. displace /dɪsˈpleɪs/ v. 排出；挤出；取代；替代 如：固体沉入水中时会排开一部分水。 A solid object will displace water when it sinks into it. displace A with B 用 B 取代 A 如：工厂用新机器替换老旧设备。 Factories displace old machines with new ones. be displaced by … 被……替代 如：老式火车被高铁取代。 Old trains were displaced by high-speed railways. 【派生词】 displacement /dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/ n. 排水量；取代，替代 8. fool /fuːl/ v. 欺骗；愚弄 如：你很难欺骗她。 You can’t fool her easily. fool sb. 欺骗某人 fool sb. into doing sth. 骗某人去做某事 如：他骗我买下了没用的东西。 He fooled me into buying the useless thing. 9. prison /ˈprɪzn/ n. 监狱；牢狱 如：他因偷窃入狱。 He went to prison for theft. go to prison 入狱 send sb. to prison = put sb in prison 把某人关进监狱 如：法官判他入狱。 The judge sent him to prison. / The judge put him in prison. fill … with … 用……把……装满 be filled with = be full of 10. fill ... with 充满；装满 如：用颜色相配的木质填料填平小孔。 Fill small holes with wood filler in a matching colour.  如：他的童年充满了快乐。 His childhood was filled with happiness. 如：水从澡盆的边缘溢出。 The water is running over the edge of the bathtub. 如：河水正在漫过河岸，我们就要被淹了。 The river is running over its banks and we shall be flooded． 11. run over 溢出 如：放学后，我直接去图书馆。 After school, I go straight to the library. 如：下车后，径直走到公园门口。 When you get off the bus, go straight to the park gate. 12. go straight to 直奔 1. Sarah tries her best to hide her _______(really) feelings from others. 2. Jack _________(fill) with excitement because he was going to see his best friend. 3. If you finish the work with ______(little) money and fewer people, you will get a chance to travel to Shanghai. 4. Jennifer’s father works as a shoe ______(make). 5. All students in my class don’t know how _______ (solve) the problem. to solve Ⅰ. 根据句子的意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 real was filled less maker gold seem praise true solve weight agree doubt 1. She combed and arranged her ________ hair. 2. Not all scholars are in ___________ with her. 3. To check if they are equally heavy, you have to _____ them. 4. I _____ whether I’ll ever get rich, but I get job satisfaction. 5. We set out to find the _____ behind the mystery. 6. Everyone _______ busy except me. 7. I dreamed up a plan to _______ both problems at once. 8. Archimedes was ________ for his clever discovery. golden agreement weigh doubt Ⅱ. 选词并用其适当形式填空。 truth seems solve praised 1. I didn’t get my ping-pong ball out of the hole until I ______ the hole ______ some water. 2. The police caught the dead woman’s killer and _____ him ___________. 3. Some ink __________ and made my paper dirty. 4. I am sure James will _______________ the surprise party we’re organizing for him. Ⅲ. 用方框中所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子。 be satisfied with filled with sent to prison ran over be satisfied with send ... to prison fill ... with ... run over Finish the exercises in EW (English Weekly). Find more information about the great ideas in Chinese history. Preview Listening on P24. Thank you! 58 2220.408 2873.472 2063.6726 2246.5305 2638.369 2977.9622 4205.722 4989.399 2742.8591 3343.678 2612.2463 2612.2463 2507.756 Lavf59.27.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 51591.14 39157.5 47490.13 15856.24 $