Unit 2 Great ideas Grammar 课件 2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语课件围绕“伟大思想如何改变世界”主题，系统讲解陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四种基本句型。课堂导入通过阿基米德等人物的四个例句，对比标点和交际功能引出语法学习，构建从具体实例到规则总结再到应用练习的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、思维品质与学习能力培养，通过句型分类、句子组合等练习提升语言理解与表达，结合牛顿万有引力等主题调研活动，引导学生分析思想影响，培养探究思维。采用情境化例句和任务型讨论，学生能将语法与实际应用结合，教师可直接利用结构化内容提升教学效率。

Unit 2 Great ideas Key question How do great ideas change the world? 主题范畴：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化；科学与技术 子主题：对世界、国家、人民和社会进步有突出贡献的人物。 Learn four basic sentence types and tell them apart correctly. Master sentence capitalization & punctuation to finish sentence-making exercises. Finish topic research & pair talk. Learning objectives 学习目标 After learning, I will be able to: Now look at these four sentences. Lead-in ①King Hiero asked a crown maker to make a golden crown. ②Is it made completely of gold? ③Send the crown maker to prison! ④How excited Archimedes was! 标点不一样、说话目的也不同。有的在说事、有的在提问、有的在命令、有的在抒发心情。今天我们系统学习四种基本句型 。 Sentence types While-learning Grammar P25 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 A sentence is a group of words that convey a complete idea. There are four main sentence types. 陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法的句子。 陈述句句末用句号(。)，朗读时用降调。 陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。 ① Statements 陈述句 A statement provides information about people, things, ideas, etc. It usually ends with a full stop (.). 结构： 陈述句的肯定式 1. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Tina is my friend. 2. 主语 + 不及物动词 The sun is rising. 3. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 He bought an umbrella. 4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 He passed me a cup of tea. 5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 She told me to buy a ticket. II. 陈述句的否定式 1. 主语 + be + not +表语 He is not a teacher. 2. 主语 + 助动词 / 情态动词 + not + 谓语动词 + 其他 1) I don’t think you are right. 2) He hasn’t paid the money yet. 3. 使用“not”以外的否定词： 副词：never, seldom, hardly, little, neither等。 She seldom comes to see me. 她不常来看我。 b. 形容词：no, few, little等。 He has few friends in Hong Kong. 他在香港几乎没有朋友。 c. 代词：nothing, nobody, none等。 I found nobody in that house. 在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。 疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况，分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句。 疑问句句末用问号(?)。 ② Questions 疑问句 We use questions to ask for information. It ends with a question mark (?). 一般疑问句通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是“yes或no”。 句型一：Be + 主语 + …? Are these books on the desk? 这些书在桌子上吗？ 句型二：Do / Does / Did + 主语 + 谓语 + …? Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗？ 句型三：情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + …? Must I finish my homework now? 我必须现在完成我的家庭作业吗？ 句型四：Have / Has + 主语 + V-ed + …? Have you heard from him? 你收到他的来信吗？ 一般疑问句 — Isn’t he tall? — Yes, he is. ——难道他不高吗？ ——不，他很高。 注意：还有以be动词、助动词或情态动词的否定缩写形式开头的一般疑问句，这种句子一般表示请求、惊讶和对事物的看法等，回答时所用的yes和no表达的意思和汉语的习惯不同。 以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。 常用的疑问词有：what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。 不能用yes或no回答。朗读时用降调。 特殊疑问句 1) Who is singing in the room? 2) What class are you in? *结构: 疑问词 + 一般疑问句? 疑问词分为三类： 1) 疑问代词: what, who, which, whose, who 2) 疑问词组: what (which, whose) + 名词 3) 疑问副词: when, where, why, how 1. which —— “哪一个” (问选择) Which girl is Amy? 2. who —— Person (对人提问) — Who will visit you tomorrow? — My father. 3. whose —— Person“谁的” (问主人) — Whose bag is this? — It’s Amy’s. 4. when —— Time (对时间提问) — When will you finish your homework? — Tomorrow. 6. why —— Reason (对原因提问) — Why are you late? — Because I missed the bus. 5. where —— Place (询问地点、场所) Where do you live? 7. what ——“什么” 问姓名：What’s your name? 问物品：What’s this? 问职业：What do you do? what about 用来征求意见或询问消息，相当 于how about； What about going for a walk after dinner? ⑤ what +名词，问“什么……?”，如： what colour 问什么颜色 what size 问什么尺寸 — How do you go to school?（问方式） — I go to school by bus. — How are you?（问健康） — I’m fine. Thank you！ How is the weather today?（问天气） 8. how (1) How …? 询问做某事的方法、手段及健康、 天气等。 词组 词义 例句 How many How many apples do you want? How much How much meat shall I buy? How much do they cost? How old How old are you? (2) How + 形容词（副词）～？ 询问年龄、身高、数量、次数、距离等。 多少 (可数) 1. 多少 (不可数) 2. 多少钱 (问价格) 多大 (岁数) 词组 词义 例句 How long How long will you stay here? How long is the river? How often How often do you visit your grandmother? How soon How soon will he be back? How far How far is it from A to B? 多长时间 (多久) 多长 (长度) 多久 (频率) 多快 (时间) 多远 (距离) 选择疑问句 定义： 提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句，两种情况之间用or连接。 回答： 回答不用yes / no，而用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调前升后降。 分类： 一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句 一般选择疑问句： 一般疑问句 + or + 被选择部分？ — Do you like apples or pears? — I like pears. 2. 特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句, A or B? — Which would you like better, tea or coffee? — I like coffee. 祈使句用来提出请求、建议或发出命令，通常以动词原形开头，其否定形式一般是在动词原形前加don’t。 ③ Imperatives 祈使句 An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It ends with a full stop (.) or an exclamation mark (!). 祈使句的类型： ① Be型祈使句：系动词 + 表语 Be careful! ② Let型祈使句：Let + 人称代词宾语或名词 + 动 词原形 + 其他成分 Let me help you. ③ Do型祈使句：实义动词 + (宾语 + 其他成分) Come in, please. 1) Don’t +动词原形 Don’t be late! 2) Let’s + not + 动词原形 Let’s not speak loudly! 注意：动词前加do的祈使句，do用来加强语气，表“务必；一定”。 Do come on time! 一定要准时来！ Do look out! 一定要小心！ 祈使句的否定形式： 感叹句用于抒发强烈情感，分为what和how两种引导形式。 感叹句末尾必须使用感叹号。 ④ Exclamations 感叹句 An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings. It usually ends with an exclamation mark (!). 1.由what引导的感叹句 What + a / an + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数 (+ 主语 + 谓语)！ What a beautiful girl she is! 2) What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 (+ 主语 + 谓语)！ What important jobs they have done! 3) What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)！ What sweet water it is! 2. 由how引导的感叹句 1) How + 形容词 / 副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)！ How interesting the dog is! 2) How + 陈述句！ How time flies! How we enjoyed ourselves! 1. Look at the sentences below and label the sentence types. Exclamations Positive statement Exclamation Yes / No question Negative statement Imperative Practice P26 2. Combine each set of words into a sentence. Use correct punctuation. Remember to capitalize the first letter of each sentence. Practice P26 (1) felt | he | an electric shock (2) Benjamin Franklin | an amazing discovery | what | made (3) did | how | he | his theory | prove (4) cause | do | often | forest fires | lightning strikes (5) clever | how | was | Benjamin Franklin (6) can | which kind of | a wet one | an electric charge | a dry one | conduct | or | silk string (7) the broken | touch | don’t | electric wire (1) felt | he | an electric shock (2) Benjamin Franklin | an amazing discovery | what | made (3) did | how | he | his theory | prove (4) cause | do | often | forest fires | lightning strikes He felt an electric shock. What an amazing discovery Benjamin Franklin made! How did he prove his theory? Do lightning strikes often cause forest fires? (5) clever | how | was | Benjamin Franklin (6) can | which kind of | a wet one | an electric charge | a dry one | conduct | or | silk string (7) the broken | touch | don’t | electric wire How clever Benjamin Franklin was! Which kind of silk string can conduct an electric charge, a dry one or a wet one? Don’t touch the broken electric wire! Post-learning Here are some great ideas that have changed the world. Choose one and research it on the internet. Then discuss in pairs. You may choose other ideas that interest you. What was the idea? Who first had the idea? How did he / she come up with the idea? How has the idea changed the world? P26 S1: Which great idea do you want to talk about? S2: Let’s choose Newton’s theory of gravity. S1: OK. First, what is this idea? S2: It tells us all objects have a pulling force called gravity. S1: Who came up with it, and how did he get the idea? S2: Isaac Newton. He got inspiration when he saw an apple fall from a tree, then he did many studies and found the rule. S1: Wow! How has this theory changed the world? S2: It builds the foundation of modern physics. We can send satellites into space and learn about planets. One possible version 按要求填空或完成句子。 1. _____ good advice you have given to me! I’ll take it. (用合适的词语填空) 2. _____ wide the streets are! (用合适的词语填空) 3. You should not touch the exhibits. (改为祈使句) ______ touch the exhibits. 4. Mr. Hu taught her maths last year. (改为一般疑问句) What How Don’t Did Mr. Hu teach her maths last year? More practice 5. Did you do your homework at school yesterday? (改为陈述句) 6. Kate’s bike was stolen last week. (对划线部分提问) 7. The foreign visitor comes from Russia. (用Australia完成选择疑问句)    8. He works as an engineer in a famous company. (改为否定陈述句) I did my homework at school yesterday. Whose bike was stolen last week? Does the foreign visitor come from Russia or Australia? He doesn’t work as an engineer in a famous company. Millie: What a nice cake! ______ birthday is it today? Amy: It’s my birthday, Millie. Millie: Happy birthday, Amy! _____ do you usually celebrate your birthday? Amy: We go out for a birthday dinner. Millie: _____ goes to your birthday dinner? Amy: My grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins. Millie: I see. ______ do you have the dinner? Amy: At a restaurant near my home. Millie: ______ do you get for your birthday? Amy: Books, clothes, shoes, toys and some other nice things. Whose How Who Where What 一、在横线上填入合适的疑问词，完成对话。 二、根据要求完成下列句子，每空词数不限。 1. They were in Shanghai last week. (改为否定句) They _________ in Shanghai last week. 2. The boy wants to be a scientist when he grows up. (对画线部分提问) __________ the boy want to be when he grows up? weren’t What does 3. You must not be late for school. (改为祈使句) 　__________ late for school. 4. What a beautiful dress it is! (改为how开头的感叹句) ________________________! 5. He has found lots of information about the car. (改为否定陈述句) ____________________________________________ He hasn’t found lots of information about the car. Don’t be How beautiful the dress is 三、翻译下列句子。 One day in ancient Greece, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a golden crown. Is it a fancy crown completely made of gold? 1. 在古希腊，有一天希伦王要求一个王冠制造者为他打 造一顶黄金王冠。 2. 它是一顶通体由纯黄金打造的精美王冠吗？ Why did the king ask Archimedes to find out the truth? This problem doesn’t seem difficult to solve. What a bad man he is ! / How bad he is! 3. 这个问题看起来不难解决。 4. 他真是个坏人！ 5. 国王为什么要找阿基米德来寻找真相？ Finish the exercises in EW (English Weekly). Make some sentences including the four main types of sentences. (at least 10) Preview Speaking on page 27. Thank you! 43 $