Unit 4 课时5 Section 4 Focusing culture,Cross-curricular connection,Project（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版七年级上册

**基本信息** 本练习为初中英语Unit 4 The Earth课时5分层作业，通过A组巩固基础、B组能力进阶、C组思维拔高的三级设计，实现从词汇句型到语篇应用的知识递进，融合语言能力培养与文化意识渗透。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|核心词汇（如emperor, solution）、重点句型（如hundreds of years, turned into）|首字母填空、完成句子，强化基础语言知识记忆与应用| |B组能力进阶|语法规则（如时态、连词）、语篇理解（环保主题短文）|语法选择、完形填空，提升语境中语言运用能力与思维逻辑性| |C组思维拔高|跨文化主题（如塞罕坝、青海-西藏高原）、综合语言运用|多体裁阅读理解、语法填空，深化文化认知与批判性思维|

Unit 4 The Earth 课时5 Section 4 Focusing culture,Cross-curricular connection,Project 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 ( 词汇与短语 e mperor n. 皇帝 hunt v. 打猎 war n. 战争 sandstorm n. 沙暴 solution n. 解决办法 blow v. 刮；吹 generation n.（统称）一代人 hundreds of 数以百计 blow away 吹走 句型 1. For hundreds of years , the emperors went there to hunt. 数百年来，皇帝们去那里打猎。 2. There were forest fires and wars, and people cut down many trees. Saihanba slowly turned into a desert. 森林火灾、战争频发，人们砍伐大量树木，塞罕坝慢慢变成了荒漠。 3. In the early 1960s , a group of scientists travelled to Saihanba to find a solution . 20 世纪 60 年代初，一批科学家来到塞罕坝寻找解决办法。 4. The cold and dry weather made their work very difficult , and strong winds blew away many young trees. 寒冷干燥的天气让他们的工作异常艰难，大风刮走了很多幼苗。 5. Three generations of forest workers continued the hard work . 三代林业工作者接续艰苦奋斗。 ) 一、首字母填空 1.The e____ used to go to Saihanba to h____ hundreds of years ago. 2.Fires and w____ caused lots of trees to die. 3.Terrible s____ often came to Beijing after the forests disappeared. 4.Scientists tried their best to find a s____ to the problem. 5.The strong wind b____ down many small trees last winter. 6.Three g____ of workers worked hard to build the forest. 【答案】1.emperors; hunt 2.wars 3.sandstorms 4.solution 5.blew 6.generations 二、完成句子 1.数百年来，皇帝们去塞罕坝打猎。 For ____ ____ years, the emperors went to Saihanba to ____. 2.塞罕坝慢慢地变成了一片荒漠。 Saihanba slowly ____ ____ a desert. 3.在 20 世纪 60 年代初，一批科学家来到塞罕坝寻找解决办法。 ____ ____ ____ 1960s, a group of scientists ____ to Saihanba to ____ ____ ____. 4.大风刮走了许多幼苗。 Strong winds ____ ____ many young trees. 5.三代林业工作者接续这份艰苦的工作。 Three ____ of forest workers ____ the hard work. 【答案】1. hundreds of; hunt 2. turned into 3.In the early; travelled; find a solution 4.blew away 5.generations; continued 一、语法选择 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle   Long ago, people didn’t need to buy clean water, 1 today many people have to buy water because clean water is becoming hard to find. The Earth is losing important resources like trees, clean water, oil, fish, and clean air. If we keep 2 these precious resources, the result could be serious. Life in the future will become much 3 . We might see more environmental problems. Some scientists worry that in the future, even clean air might 4 money. But we can still help by following the “3R’s”: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. Reduce (Use Less) Start with small steps. For example, turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. Doing this 1 save a lot of water. When you go shopping, don’t ask for plastic bags, instead, you can bring 2 used cloth bag. This helps cut down on waste. Reuse (Use Again) Buy things we can refill by 1 , like pens or shampoo bottles. Do you often write on only one side of a paper? You can write your shopping list on 2 side. Recycle (Make New from Old) 1 things can be recycled: Paper, Glass, Plastic, Metal, and so on. Remember: If we all reduce, reuse, and recycle, there 2 more happiness in the future! 1．A．and B．or C．but D．so 2．A．waste B．wasting C．wastes D．to waste 3．A．bad B．badly C．worst D．worse 4．A．will cost B．cost C．costs D．is costing 5．A．had better B．must C．can D．need 6．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 7．A．we B．our C．ours D．ourselves 8．A．other B．others C．the other D．the others 9．A．Much B．Many C．Little D．Few 10．A．are going to have B．is going to have C．will have D．is going to be 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文提出践行“3R原则”这一解决办法，并分别介绍了每个原则的具体做法，呼吁人们共同行动，以此改善环境，让未来的生活更美好。 【详解】 1．句意：很久以前，人们不需要购买干净的水，但如今很多人不得不买水，因为干净的水正变得越来越难找。 and和；or或者；but但是；so所以。根据“people didn’t need to buy clean water,…today many people have to buy water because clean water is becoming hard to find.”可知，前后为转折关系，应用but连接。故选C。 2．句意：如果我们持续浪费这些宝贵的资源，后果可能会很严重。 waste浪费；wasting浪费，现在分词或动名词形式；wastes浪费，三单形式；to waste去浪费，动词不定式。根据“If we keep…these precious resources,”可知，为固定短语keep doing sth“持续做某事”，应用动名词形式。故选B。 3．句意：未来的生活将会变得糟糕得多。 bad坏，形容词原级；badly糟糕地，副词；worst最差，形容词最高级；worse更差，形容词比较级。根据“will become much”可知，空前为much，应用形容词比较级。故选D。 4．句意：一些科学家担心，在未来，就连干净的空气都可能要花钱购买。 will cost花费，一般将来时；cost花费，动词原形；costs花费，三单形式；is costing花费，现在进行时。根据“might”可知，情态动词might后面接动词原形。故选B。 5．句意：例如，刷牙的时候关掉水龙头，这样做能够节省大量的水。 had better最好；must必须；can能够；need需要。根据“Doing this…save a lot of water.”可知，这样做能够节省大量的水，应用can表示“可能”。故选C。 6．句意：购物的时候，不要索要塑料袋，相反，你可以带一个用过的布袋。 a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个/那个，特指；/不填。根据“you can bring…used cloth bag.”可知，此处是指一个用过的布袋子，且used以辅音音素开头，应用a修饰。故选A。 7．句意：购买那些我们可以自己重新填充的物品，比如钢笔或者洗发水瓶。 we我们，主格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词；ourselves我们自己，反身代词。根据“Buy things we can refill by…, like pens or shampoo bottles.”可知，固定短语by oneself“亲自；独自”。故选D。 8．句意：你是否经常只在纸的一面写字？你可以在另一面写购物清单。 other其他；others其他人/物；the other（两者中的）另一个；the others其余所有。根据“You can write your shopping list on…side.”可知，纸只有两面，前半句提到“只在纸的一面写字”，后半句特指“两面中的另一面”，用the other。故选C。 9．句意：许多东西都可以回收利用：纸张、玻璃、塑料、金属等等。 Much许多，后接不可数名词；Many许多，后接可数名词；Little很少，后接不可数名词，表否定；Few很少，后接可数名词。根据“things can be recycled: Paper, Glass, Plastic, Metal, and so on.”可知，此处是指许多东西都可以回收利用，且things为名词复数形式，应用many修饰。故选B。 10．句意：记住：如果我们所有人都践行减量、重复使用和回收利用的原则，未来将会有更多的美好。 are going to have将有，主语为复数或第二人称；is going to have将有；will have将有；is going to be将是。根据“there…more happiness in the future!”可知，此处为there be句型，不能与have连用，结构为there will be/there is/are going to be，句中happiness是不可数名词，应用is going to be。故选D。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 In a small town, there lived a little girl named Lily. She loved exploring the world around her. One sunny morning, when Lily’s mom was preparing breakfast, she gave Lily a plate full of fresh fruits. “Good morning, Lily,” her mom 1 her with a warm smile. “Today, let’s talk about taking care of our 2 .” “Is it important, Mom?” she asked. Her dad said, “Yes, because we only have one Earth. We need to keep it clean and 3 for both people and other living things on Earth.” Lily understood her parents’ words. She decided to explore ways to 4 the Earth. She invited her friend, Emma, to join her. At the park, they saw 5 and started to clean it. They also met the park caretaker, Mr. Johnson. He taught them how to look after plants 6 . Lily and Emma learned a lot of skills from Mr. Johnson. They 7 him and then continued to do their work. After that day, Lily made her own 8 at home. The plants grew very well with her great care. Her garden soon became a home for many insects and birds. Lily felt very 9 . She was making the world a better place by doing 10 things. 1．A．helped B．joined C．greeted D．kicked 2．A．city B．planet C．country D．building 3．A．quiet B．ready C．popular D．healthy 4．A．look after B．get ready for C．look forward to D．clean up 5．A．fire B．water C．smoke D．rubbish 6．A．loudly B．busily C．carefully D．deeply 7．A．called B．visited C．taught D．thanked 8．A．plan B．garden C．park D．story 9．A．excited B．bored C．lucky D．angry 10．A．small B．big C．great D．wonderful 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个叫莉莉的小女孩在父母的教育下，意识到保护地球的重要性，于是通过在公园捡垃圾、在家里建造花园等行为来爱护环境，让世界变得更美好的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：“早上好，莉莉。” 妈妈带着温暖的微笑问候她。 helped帮助；joined加入；greeted问候；kicked踢。根据“Good morning, Lily”可知，这是妈妈在向莉莉打招呼，也就是问候她。故选C。 2．句意：“今天，咱们来聊聊保护我们的星球吧。” city城市；planet星球；country国家；building建筑物。根据“we only have one Earth”可知，谈论的话题是关于地球的，地球是一个星球。故选B。 3．句意：“我们得让它保持干净、健康，这样地球上的人类和其他生物才能好好生活。” quiet安静的；ready准备好的；popular流行的；healthy健康的。根据“keep it clean…people and other living things”可知，为了人类和其他生物的生存环境着想，保持地球健康是必要的。故选D。 4．句意：她决定想办法照顾地球。 look after照顾，爱护；get ready for为……做准备；look forward to期待；clean up清理。根据“taking care of our…”可知，莉莉理解了父母的话，决定寻找照顾地球的具体方式。look after与take care of同义。故选A。 5．句意：在公园里，她们看到了垃圾，于是开始清理。 fire火；water水；smoke烟；rubbish垃圾。根据“started to clean it”可知，她们在公园里看到并能清理的东西应该是垃圾。故选D。 6．句意：他教她们怎么细心照料植物。 loudly大声地；busily忙碌地；carefully细心地；deeply深深地。根据“look after plants”可知，照看植物需要耐心和细致。故选C。 7．句意：她们向他道了谢，接着继续忙自己的事。 called呼叫；visited拜访；taught教；thanked感谢。根据“Lily and Emma learned a lot of skills from Mr. Johnson”可知，因为学到了知识，所以她们应该是感谢他。故选D。 8．句意：从那天起，莉莉在家建了个自己的花园。 plan计划；garden花园；park公园；story故事。根据“The plants grew very well…Her garden soon became a home”可知，她建了一个花园。故选B。 9．句意：莉莉感到非常兴奋。 excited兴奋的；bored无聊的；lucky幸运的；angry生气的。根据“The plants grew very well…Her garden soon became a home for many insects and birds.”可知，花园里植物生长良好、吸引了昆虫和鸟类，莉莉看到自己的劳动成果，心情应该是兴奋的。故选A。 10．句意：她通过做一些小事，让这个世界变得更美好了。 small小的；big大的；great伟大的；wonderful精彩的。根据“started to clean it”和“made her own…at home. The plants grew very well with her great care.”可知，莉莉通过去公园清理垃圾和建造自己的花园去保护地球，这些对于一个小女孩来说都是力所能及的小事。故选A。 三、阅读理解 How much rain is there in the desert? Some deserts get only about 10 centimeters (厘米) of rain in a whole year. So, water is very valuable in the dry desert. People there know water is important for life, so they take great care of it. No one leaves the tap on, because they know even a little water is hard to get. To save water, they do not wash clothes or clean the house too often. To get water in a better way, people in the desert built karez wells (坎儿井) many years ago. Karez is a special way to bring water from the mountains. People dug many tunnels (地下道) under the ground. This stopped the hot sun from drying up the water. As a result, they could have more water for drinking and growing plants. Today, these wells still provide water for the farms and houses. Water is important. People in the desert save water and use smart ways to get water. We should learn from them to save water, too. 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By singing a song. B．By telling a story. C．By showing a picture. D．By asking a question. 2．Why don’t people in the desert leave the tap on? A．Because they don’t like clean water. B．Because water is hard to get there. C．Because the tap doesn’t work well. D．Because they have too much water. 3．What does the underlined phrase “drying up” mean in Chinese? A．制造 B．出售 C．蒸发 D．浪费 4．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．People in the desert built karez wells to get water. B．People there dug many tunnels under the ground. C．karez wells could bring water from the mountains. D．Tunnels stopped the sun from drying up the water. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Water and People in Deserts B．The Way to Protect Water C．Different Ways to Save Water D．Hard Life in the Dry Desert 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了沙漠地区水资源稀缺，当地居民珍惜、节约用水，并修建坎儿井巧妙取水，呼吁我们向他们学习节水。 【详解】1．文章第一段第一句“How much rain is there in the desert?”是一个疑问句，表明作者是通过“提出问题”的方式开始文章的。选项D符合文意。 1．根据第二段第二句“No one leaves the tap on, because they know even a little water is hard to get.”可知，人们不让水龙头开着是因为知道在那里即使一点点水也很难获得。选项B符合文意。 2．根据第三段内容，人们在地下挖隧道是为了防止炎热的太阳把水“drying up”。结合常识和语境，太阳会使水“蒸发”或“晒干”。选项C符合含义。 3．第三段首句“To get water in a better way, people in the desert built karez wells…”是本段的主题句，概括了人们建造坎儿井是为了获取水资源。选项A符合文意。 4．全文主要讲述了沙漠中水资源的稀缺（第一段）、人们如何节约用水（第二段）以及如何通过坎儿井获取水（第三段），核心围绕“沙漠中的水与人们”展开。选项 A最能概括全文主题。 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Forests are very important to the Earth. They provide homes for many animals, keep the air clean, and stop sandstorms. But many forests are in 1 today. People cut down too many trees, and forest fires also destroy large areas of forests. Saihanba is a great 2 of how people can bring forests back. Hundreds of years ago, it was a beautiful forest. But then wars, fires and people cutting down trees turned it into a 3 . When the forest was gone, terrible sandstorms started to hit Beijing. In the early 1960s, scientists came to Saihanba to find a way to 4 the problem. They found an old tree and knew it was still possible to grow trees there. In 1962, the first group of tree planters 5 . The work was very 6 . The weather was cold and dry, and strong winds often 7 the young trees. Winter temperatures dropped to -40°C, 8 the workers never gave up. Three generations of workers continued the work. They 9 millions of trees, one by one. Today, Saihanba is green again. It is the world’s largest man-made forest. Their hard work has changed the desert into a forest. It shows that if we work together, we can make a big 10 for the Earth. 1．A．danger B．safety C．peace D．order 2．A．problem B．example C．lesson D．story 3．A．forest B．farm C．desert D．lake 4．A．solve B．make C．see D．start 5．A．left B．arrived C．worked D．grew 6．A．easy B．boring C．difficult D．interesting 7．A．blew away B．picked up C．took away D．put down 8．A．and B．so C．or D．but 9．A．cut B．planted C．watered D．built 10．A．mistake B．noise C．difference D．decision 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文讲述森林的重要性，以塞罕坝为例，介绍三代工人如何将荒漠变回森林，体现共同努力能为地球带来改变。 【详解】 1．句意：但如今许多森林都处于危险之中。 根据后文“People cut down too many trees, and forest fires also destroy large areas of forests.”可知，人们大量砍伐树木，森林火灾也摧毁了大面积的森林，这些行为将森林置于险境。in danger表示“处于危险中”，符合语境。safety意为“安全”，peace意为“和平”，order意为“秩序”，均不符合森林被破坏的处境。 2．句意：塞罕坝是一个关于人们如何让森林恢复的绝佳范例。 根据上下文可知，塞罕坝从荒漠重新变成森林，是成功的典范，a great example of...表示“……的一个出色例子”，符合语境。problem意为“问题”，lesson意为“教训”，story意为“故事”，均不符合。 3．句意：但是之后，战争、火灾和人们砍伐树木的行为把它变成了一片荒漠。 根据后文“When the forest was gone, terrible sandstorms started to hit Beijing.”可知，森林消失后沙尘暴开始袭击北京，由此可推断土地变成了荒漠。desert意为“荒漠”，符合语境。forest意为“森林”，farm意为“农场”，lake意为“湖泊”，均无法引出后文的沙尘暴。 4．句意：20世纪60年代早期，科学家们来到塞罕坝，寻找解决问题的方法。 根据前文可知，森林变成了荒漠引发了沙尘暴，这是一个需要解决的问题。solve the problem是固定搭配，意为“解决问题”，符合语境。make意为“制造”，see意为“看见”，start意为“开始”，均无法与problem构成解决难题的语境。 5．句意：1962年，第一批植树者抵达了。 根据时间线，科学家找到方法后，接下来是植树者来到塞罕坝开展工作。arrived意为“到达”，符合语境。left意为“离开”，worked意为“工作”，grew意为“种植”或“生长”，arrived更能清晰地表明他们是在此时进入该地开始工作。 6．句意：这项工作非常艰巨。 根据后文“The weather was cold and dry, and strong winds often blew away the young trees.”可知，天气寒冷干燥，强风经常吹走小树，说明工作条件艰苦。difficult意为“困难的”，符合语境。easy意为“简单的”，boring意为“无聊的”，interesting意为“有趣的”，均与后文描述的恶劣环境不符。 7．句意：强风经常吹走那些小树。 根据前文提到的恶劣自然条件和“strong winds”可知，强风的作用是将小树吹走。blew away意为“吹走”，符合语境。picked up意为“捡起”，took away意为“拿走”，put down意为“放下”，均无法准确描述风对树木的破坏力。 8．句意：冬天气温降到零下40摄氏度，但是工人们从未放弃。 根据句意，空前“气温极低”与空后“从未放弃”形成强烈的反差，需要用转折连词连接。but意为“但是”，表示转折，符合语境。and意为“并且”，so意为“所以”，or意为“或者”，均无法表达出这种反差关系。 9．句意：他们一棵接一棵地种植了数百万棵树。 根据文章主题和“one by one”可知，此处描述的是植树的行为。planted是动词plant的过去式，意为“种植”，plant trees是固定搭配，符合语境。cut意为“砍伐”，watered意为“浇水”，built意为“建造”，均不符合。 10．句意：这证明了如果我们齐心协力，我们能为地球带来巨大的改变。 根据全文的主旨和“if we work together”可知，共同努力会带来积极的结果。make a big difference是固定短语，意为“带来巨大的改变”，符合语境。mistake意为“错误”，noise意为“噪音”，decision意为“决定”，均无法表达出共同努力带来的积极影响。 二、阅读理解 A Exploring the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China is the highest plateau in the world, with an average altitude of over 4,000 metres. It is often called the “Roof of the World”. This vast region covers about 2.5 million square kilometres and is home to many unique species. Because of the high altitude, the weather on the plateau is very different from other places. The temperature changes greatly between day and night. Even in summer, the nights can be freezing cold. The air is thin and dry, making it hard for visitors to breathe at first. Despite these challenges, the plateau supports a surprising variety of wildlife. The Tibetan antelope, also known as the chiru, is a graceful animal with beautiful horns. It can survive the cold winters and thin air because of its thick fur and special breathing system. The plateau is also home to wild yaks, which are large, strong animals that provide meat, milk and wool for the local people. The Tibetan fox is another resident of this region, known for its cleverness and ability to hunt in the rocky landscape. However, the plateau faces problems. Climate change is causing the glaciers to melt at an alarming rate. Overgrazing by livestock is damaging the grasslands. Some animals are being hunted illegally. Scientists and conservation groups are working to protect this unique environment. They are setting up nature reserves and educating local people about the importance of wildlife protection. 1．What is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau often called? A．The Green Land. B．The Roof of the World. C．The Frozen Land. D．The Great Plain. 2．What makes it hard for visitors to breathe on the plateau? A．The cold weather. B．The thin and dry air. C．The high mountains. D．The strong winds. 3．What does the underlined word “resident” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Visitor. B．Tourist. C．Inhabitant. D．Hunter. 4．What is one of the problems facing the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau? A．Too many tourists coming every year. B．Climate change and melting glaciers. C．The population of wild animals is too large. D．Farmers are planting too many crops. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the highest place on Earth. B．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a unique ecosystem that needs protection. C．Only a few animals can live on the plateau. D．Visitors should never go to the plateau because it is dangerous. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了青藏高原的地理特点、气候条件、独特野生动物以及当前面临的环境问题，强调了保护这一独特生态系统的重要性。 【详解】 1．第一段明确指出：“It is often called the ‘Roof of the World’.”，因此青藏高原常被称为“世界屋脊”。 2．第二段提到：“The air is thin and dry, making it hard for visitors to breathe at first.”，说明稀薄干燥的空气让游客难以呼吸。 3．第三段中，“resident”指代前文提到的“Tibetan fox”，而该段列举的都是生活在高原的动物，因此“resident”意为“栖息者、居民”，与inhabitant同义。 4．第四段明确指出：“Climate change is causing the glaciers to melt at an alarming rate.”，即气候变化和冰川融化是面临的问题之一。 5．全文从地理、气候、动物到环境问题，始终围绕青藏高原的独特性及其保护需求展开，最后一段更明确提到科学家和保护组织正在努力保护这一环境，因此主旨是“青藏高原是一个需要保护的独特生态系统”。 B Mangroves (红树林) are very special forests. They grow along the coastlines (海岸线). They look like tall green walls rising from the sea. Although they might seem like just trees, they do many important jobs for nature. First, mangroves play a very important role. They protect coasts from strong winds and big floods, keeping homes and beaches safe. Their roots (根) are like little cities for small animals. Small fish swim around them and birds build their homes there. What’s more, these trees are great cleaners. They take out the bad things in the seawater, making the sea cleaner and healthier. In a word, mangroves are not only beautiful but also very useful. We should protect them well. But now, mangrove forests are in great danger. People cut them down to build houses or start farms. Human activities create lots of rubbish and wastewater. This is also harmful to them. Many mangrove forests are getting smaller and many small animals in the sea are losing their homes. It’s time for us to take action. The good news is that more and more people are waking up to their importance. Volunteers (志愿者) plant new mangrove trees, and scientists study how to protect them better. We can help, too. For example, we should stop putting rubbish into the sea and take part in activities to protect mangroves. After all, saving mangroves means keeping nature healthy and it’s good for all living things. 1．What do paragraphs 1 and 2 mainly talk about? A．The green tall walls along the sea. B．The bad things in the seawater. C．The role of mangroves for nature. D．The homes of small fish and birds. 2．Why are mangroves in danger? A．Because there is too much rain. B．Because people cut them down. C．Because there are too many animals. D．Because the seawater is becoming too clean. 3．What does the underlined word “harmful” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Bad. B．Clean. C．Direct. D．Important. 4．What do volunteers do to help mangroves from the text? A．They study how mangroves grow. B．They plant new mangrove trees. C．They stop people from cutting trees. D．They study the ways to protect trees. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Importance of planting trees B．Activities for protecting nature C．Forests growing along the sea D．Danger caused by people’s activities 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了红树林的特征、重要作用（保护海岸、为动物提供栖息地、净化海水）、面临的威胁（砍伐、污染）以及保护措施。 【详解】 1．通读第一段和第二段，第一段点明红树林对自然有诸多重要作用，第二段具体阐述了红树林保护海岸、为小动物提供栖息地、净化海水的功能，核心内容是红树林对自然的作用。 2．根据第三段“But now, mangrove forests are in great danger. People cut them down to build houses or start farms.”可知，红树林面临危险的主要原因是人们为了建房或开农场而砍伐它们。 3．根据第三段“mangrove forests are in great danger...Human activities create lots of rubbish and wastewater. This is also harmful to them.”可知，红树林正处于危险中，人类活动产生大量垃圾和废水，可推知这些污染物对红树林是有害的，因此harmful与bad“有害的”同义。 4．根据最后一段“Volunteers plant new mangrove trees, and scientists study how to protect them better.”可知，志愿者所做的具体帮助是种植新的红树林。 5．全文主要介绍了生长在海岸线的红树林的特点、作用、面临的危险以及保护措施。选项C“Forests growing along the sea”最能概括文章的主题对象。 C Fujian has a long coastline and rich marine resources. In recent years, Fujian has taken many measures to protect the ocean and achieve sustainable (可持续的) development. First, Fujian has built many marine protected areas. These areas protect rare marine animals and plants, as well as important coastal ecosystems. For example, the Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve in Zhangzhou is an important habitat for many rare birds and fish. The mangroves there can also protect the coast from storms and reduce soil erosion. Second, Fujian has strictly controlled marine pollution. The government has made rules to stop factories from pouring waste water into the sea. It also improves the sewage (污水) treatment system in coastal cities, to reduce the pollution that goes into the ocean. Fishing boats are not allowed to throw rubbish into the sea, either. Third, Fujian is developing eco-friendly fishery. Traditional fishing methods often hurt the marine ecosystem. Now the government encourages fishermen to use more environmentally friendly fishing ways. It also promotes fish farming in a scientific way, to reduce the pressure on wild fish populations. Besides, Fujian also carries out lots of ocean education activities. Schools organize students to visit marine museums and take part in beach clean-up activities. More and more people realize the importance of protecting the ocean, and take part in protecting it in their daily lives. Ocean protection is a long-term task. Fujian will keep working to protect the blue home, and let the ocean benefit more people. 1．What is the first measure Fujian has taken to protect the ocean? A．Controlling marine pollution. B．Building marine protected areas. C．Developing eco-friendly fishery. D．Carrying out ocean education. 2．What can mangroves do according to Paragraph 2? A．Produce clean water for fish. B．Stop all storms from happening. C．Protect the coast and reduce soil erosion. D．Provide food for all sea animals. 3．What does the underlined word “promotes” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．推广 B．减少 C．限制 D．禁止 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a pollution control measure? A．Stopping factories from pouring waste water into the sea. B．Improving sewage treatment systems in coastal cities. C．Banning fishing boats from throwing rubbish into the sea. D．Banning all fishing activities in coastal areas. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．The rich marine resources of Fujian. B．The importance of ocean protection. C．Measures Fujian takes to protect the ocean. D．How people take part in ocean protection. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述福建通过建立保护区、严控污染、发展生态渔业和普及海洋教育，持续推进海洋保护与可持续发展。 【详解】1．第二段“First, Fujian has built many marine protected areas.”，提及第一项措施是建立海洋保护区。 2．第二段“The mangroves there can also protect the coast from storms and reduce soil erosion.”提及红树林可以保护海岸免受风暴侵袭，减少水土流失。 3．划线词前“also”提示此句和上句“Now the government encourages fishermen to use more environmentally friendly fishing ways.”是并行措施，“promotes”应该和“encourages”意思相近，应该是“推广”的意思。 4．第三段“The government has made rules to stop factories from pouring waste water into the sea. It also improves the sewage treatment system in coastal cities...Fishing boats are not allowed to throw rubbish into the sea, either.”提及污染控制措施包括：阻止工厂向海洋排放废水、改善沿海城市污水处理系统、禁止渔船向海洋扔垃圾。文中并未提及“禁止沿海地区所有捕鱼活动”。 5．通读全文可知，文章第一段引出话题，第二至五段分别通过“First，Second，Third，Besides”列举了福建为保护海洋所采取的具体措施，最后一段总结。因此文章主旨是福建保护海洋所采取的措施。 三、语法填空 The Earth is 1 beautiful place. There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields. Some places are very hot and some are very cold. There are different 2 (plant). Some are large. Some are small. All plants need light and water. There are different animals on Earth too. Some live 3 the land. Some fly in the sky. Some live under the water. There are also many people 4 you and me. The Earth 5 (provide) us with air, water and food. It is 6 (we) home. Today, there is a lot of 7 (pollute). We burn things 8 (make) energy. This pollutes the air. We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground. This pollutes the Earth and kills animals and plants. We must stop 9 (do) these things. It is important for us 10 (protect) the Earth for our future. 【答案】 1．a 2．plants 3．on 4．like 5．provides 6．our 7．pollution 8．to make 9．doing 10．to protect 【导语】本文主要介绍了地球对我们的重要性以及地球目前所面临的污染问题，呼吁人们要保护地球。 1．句意：地球是一个美丽的地方。place是可数名词，所以空处填冠词。beautiful首字母发辅音音素，故填a。 2．句意：有不同的植物。根据are可知，空处填名词复数，plant“植物”，可数名词，复数为plants，故填plants。 3．句意：一些生活在陆地上。on the land“在陆地上”，故填on。 4．句意：也有许多像你我这样的人。根据“There are also many people...you and me”可知，空后是举例子，like“像，比如”，介词，故填like。 5．句意：地球给我们提供空气、水和食物。此句在陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语the Earth是第三人称，谓语动词用三单，故填provides。 6．句意：它是我们的家园。根据home可知，空处填形容词性物主代词。we“我们”，主格，our“我们的”，故填our。 7．句意：现在，有许多污染。a lot of +名词复数/不可数名词；pollute“污染”，动词，名词是pollution，不可数名词，故填pollution。 8．句意：我们燃烧东西来制造能量。根据“We burn things...energy”可知，空处填不定式表目的，燃烧东西来制造能量。故填to make。 9．句意：我们必须停止做这些事情。stop doing sth“停止做某事”，故填doing。 10．句意：为了我们的未来，保护地球对我们来说很重要。it is +adj for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事怎么样”，故填to protect。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Earth 课时5 Section 4 Focusing culture,Cross-curricular connection,Project 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 ( 词汇与短语 e mperor n. 皇帝 hunt v. 打猎 war n. 战争 sandstorm n. 沙暴 solution n. 解决办法 blow v. 刮；吹 generation n.（统称）一代人 hundreds of 数以百计 blow away 吹走 句型 1. For hundreds of years , the emperors went there to hunt. 数百年来，皇帝们去那里打猎。 2. There were forest fires and wars, and people cut down many trees. Saihanba slowly turned into a desert. 森林火灾、战争频发，人们砍伐大量树木，塞罕坝慢慢变成了荒漠。 3. In the early 1960s , a group of scientists travelled to Saihanba to find a solution . 20 世纪 60 年代初，一批科学家来到塞罕坝寻找解决办法。 4. The cold and dry weather made their work very difficult , and strong winds blew away many young trees. 寒冷干燥的天气让他们的工作异常艰难，大风刮走了很多幼苗。 5. Three generations of forest workers continued the hard work . 三代林业工作者接续艰苦奋斗。 ) 一、首字母填空 1.The e____ used to go to Saihanba to h____ hundreds of years ago. 2.Fires and w____ caused lots of trees to die. 3.Terrible s____ often came to Beijing after the forests disappeared. 4.Scientists tried their best to find a s____ to the problem. 5.The strong wind b____ down many small trees last winter. 6.Three g____ of workers worked hard to build the forest. 二、完成句子 1.数百年来，皇帝们去塞罕坝打猎。 For ____ ____ years, the emperors went to Saihanba to ____. 2.塞罕坝慢慢地变成了一片荒漠。 Saihanba slowly ____ ____ a desert. 3.在 20 世纪 60 年代初，一批科学家来到塞罕坝寻找解决办法。 ____ ____ ____ 1960s, a group of scientists ____ to Saihanba to ____ ____ ____. 4.大风刮走了许多幼苗。 Strong winds ____ ____ many young trees. 5.三代林业工作者接续这份艰苦的工作。 Three ____ of forest workers ____ the hard work. 一、语法选择 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle   Long ago, people didn’t need to buy clean water, 1 today many people have to buy water because clean water is becoming hard to find. The Earth is losing important resources like trees, clean water, oil, fish, and clean air. If we keep 2 these precious resources, the result could be serious. Life in the future will become much 3 . We might see more environmental problems. Some scientists worry that in the future, even clean air might 4 money. But we can still help by following the “3R’s”: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. Reduce (Use Less) Start with small steps. For example, turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. Doing this 1 save a lot of water. When you go shopping, don’t ask for plastic bags, instead, you can bring 2 used cloth bag. This helps cut down on waste. Reuse (Use Again) Buy things we can refill by 1 , like pens or shampoo bottles. Do you often write on only one side of a paper? You can write your shopping list on 2 side. Recycle (Make New from Old) 1 things can be recycled: Paper, Glass, Plastic, Metal, and so on. Remember: If we all reduce, reuse, and recycle, there 2 more happiness in the future! 1．A．and B．or C．but D．so 2．A．waste B．wasting C．wastes D．to waste 3．A．bad B．badly C．worst D．worse 4．A．will cost B．cost C．costs D．is costing 5．A．had better B．must C．can D．need 6．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 7．A．we B．our C．ours D．ourselves 8．A．other B．others C．the other D．the others 9．A．Much B．Many C．Little D．Few 10．A．are going to have B．is going to have C．will have D．is going to be 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 In a small town, there lived a little girl named Lily. She loved exploring the world around her. One sunny morning, when Lily’s mom was preparing breakfast, she gave Lily a plate full of fresh fruits. “Good morning, Lily,” her mom 1 her with a warm smile. “Today, let’s talk about taking care of our 2 .” “Is it important, Mom?” she asked. Her dad said, “Yes, because we only have one Earth. We need to keep it clean and 3 for both people and other living things on Earth.” Lily understood her parents’ words. She decided to explore ways to 4 the Earth. She invited her friend, Emma, to join her. At the park, they saw 5 and started to clean it. They also met the park caretaker, Mr. Johnson. He taught them how to look after plants 6 . Lily and Emma learned a lot of skills from Mr. Johnson. They 7 him and then continued to do their work. After that day, Lily made her own 8 at home. The plants grew very well with her great care. Her garden soon became a home for many insects and birds. Lily felt very 9 . She was making the world a better place by doing 10 things. 1．A．helped B．joined C．greeted D．kicked 2．A．city B．planet C．country D．building 3．A．quiet B．ready C．popular D．healthy 4．A．look after B．get ready for C．look forward to D．clean up 5．A．fire B．water C．smoke D．rubbish 6．A．loudly B．busily C．carefully D．deeply 7．A．called B．visited C．taught D．thanked 8．A．plan B．garden C．park D．story 9．A．excited B．bored C．lucky D．angry 10．A．small B．big C．great D．wonderful 三、阅读理解 How much rain is there in the desert? Some deserts get only about 10 centimeters (厘米) of rain in a whole year. So, water is very valuable in the dry desert. People there know water is important for life, so they take great care of it. No one leaves the tap on, because they know even a little water is hard to get. To save water, they do not wash clothes or clean the house too often. To get water in a better way, people in the desert built karez wells (坎儿井) many years ago. Karez is a special way to bring water from the mountains. People dug many tunnels (地下道) under the ground. This stopped the hot sun from drying up the water. As a result, they could have more water for drinking and growing plants. Today, these wells still provide water for the farms and houses. Water is important. People in the desert save water and use smart ways to get water. We should learn from them to save water, too. 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By singing a song. B．By telling a story. C．By showing a picture. D．By asking a question. 2．Why don’t people in the desert leave the tap on? A．Because they don’t like clean water. B．Because water is hard to get there. C．Because the tap doesn’t work well. D．Because they have too much water. 3．What does the underlined phrase “drying up” mean in Chinese? A．制造 B．出售 C．蒸发 D．浪费 4．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．People in the desert built karez wells to get water. B．People there dug many tunnels under the ground. C．karez wells could bring water from the mountains. D．Tunnels stopped the sun from drying up the water. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Water and People in Deserts B．The Way to Protect Water C．Different Ways to Save Water D．Hard Life in the Dry Desert 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Forests are very important to the Earth. They provide homes for many animals, keep the air clean, and stop sandstorms. But many forests are in 1 today. People cut down too many trees, and forest fires also destroy large areas of forests. Saihanba is a great 2 of how people can bring forests back. Hundreds of years ago, it was a beautiful forest. But then wars, fires and people cutting down trees turned it into a 3 . When the forest was gone, terrible sandstorms started to hit Beijing. In the early 1960s, scientists came to Saihanba to find a way to 4 the problem. They found an old tree and knew it was still possible to grow trees there. In 1962, the first group of tree planters 5 . The work was very 6 . The weather was cold and dry, and strong winds often 7 the young trees. Winter temperatures dropped to -40°C, 8 the workers never gave up. Three generations of workers continued the work. They 9 millions of trees, one by one. Today, Saihanba is green again. It is the world’s largest man-made forest. Their hard work has changed the desert into a forest. It shows that if we work together, we can make a big 10 for the Earth. 1．A．danger B．safety C．peace D．order 2．A．problem B．example C．lesson D．story 3．A．forest B．farm C．desert D．lake 4．A．solve B．make C．see D．start 5．A．left B．arrived C．worked D．grew 6．A．easy B．boring C．difficult D．interesting 7．A．blew away B．picked up C．took away D．put down 8．A．and B．so C．or D．but 9．A．cut B．planted C．watered D．built 10．A．mistake B．noise C．difference D．decision 二、阅读理解 A Exploring the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China is the highest plateau in the world, with an average altitude of over 4,000 metres. It is often called the “Roof of the World”. This vast region covers about 2.5 million square kilometres and is home to many unique species. Because of the high altitude, the weather on the plateau is very different from other places. The temperature changes greatly between day and night. Even in summer, the nights can be freezing cold. The air is thin and dry, making it hard for visitors to breathe at first. Despite these challenges, the plateau supports a surprising variety of wildlife. The Tibetan antelope, also known as the chiru, is a graceful animal with beautiful horns. It can survive the cold winters and thin air because of its thick fur and special breathing system. The plateau is also home to wild yaks, which are large, strong animals that provide meat, milk and wool for the local people. The Tibetan fox is another resident of this region, known for its cleverness and ability to hunt in the rocky landscape. However, the plateau faces problems. Climate change is causing the glaciers to melt at an alarming rate. Overgrazing by livestock is damaging the grasslands. Some animals are being hunted illegally. Scientists and conservation groups are working to protect this unique environment. They are setting up nature reserves and educating local people about the importance of wildlife protection. 1．What is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau often called? A．The Green Land. B．The Roof of the World. C．The Frozen Land. D．The Great Plain. 2．What makes it hard for visitors to breathe on the plateau? A．The cold weather. B．The thin and dry air. C．The high mountains. D．The strong winds. 3．What does the underlined word “resident” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Visitor. B．Tourist. C．Inhabitant. D．Hunter. 4．What is one of the problems facing the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau? A．Too many tourists coming every year. B．Climate change and melting glaciers. C．The population of wild animals is too large. D．Farmers are planting too many crops. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the highest place on Earth. B．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a unique ecosystem that needs protection. C．Only a few animals can live on the plateau. D．Visitors should never go to the plateau because it is dangerous. B Mangroves (红树林) are very special forests. They grow along the coastlines (海岸线). They look like tall green walls rising from the sea. Although they might seem like just trees, they do many important jobs for nature. First, mangroves play a very important role. They protect coasts from strong winds and big floods, keeping homes and beaches safe. Their roots (根) are like little cities for small animals. Small fish swim around them and birds build their homes there. What’s more, these trees are great cleaners. They take out the bad things in the seawater, making the sea cleaner and healthier. In a word, mangroves are not only beautiful but also very useful. We should protect them well. But now, mangrove forests are in great danger. People cut them down to build houses or start farms. Human activities create lots of rubbish and wastewater. This is also harmful to them. Many mangrove forests are getting smaller and many small animals in the sea are losing their homes. It’s time for us to take action. The good news is that more and more people are waking up to their importance. Volunteers (志愿者) plant new mangrove trees, and scientists study how to protect them better. We can help, too. For example, we should stop putting rubbish into the sea and take part in activities to protect mangroves. After all, saving mangroves means keeping nature healthy and it’s good for all living things. 1．What do paragraphs 1 and 2 mainly talk about? A．The green tall walls along the sea. B．The bad things in the seawater. C．The role of mangroves for nature. D．The homes of small fish and birds. 2．Why are mangroves in danger? A．Because there is too much rain. B．Because people cut them down. C．Because there are too many animals. D．Because the seawater is becoming too clean. 3．What does the underlined word “harmful” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Bad. B．Clean. C．Direct. D．Important. 4．What do volunteers do to help mangroves from the text? A．They study how mangroves grow. B．They plant new mangrove trees. C．They stop people from cutting trees. D．They study the ways to protect trees. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Importance of planting trees B．Activities for protecting nature C．Forests growing along the sea D．Danger caused by people’s activities C Fujian has a long coastline and rich marine resources. In recent years, Fujian has taken many measures to protect the ocean and achieve sustainable (可持续的) development. First, Fujian has built many marine protected areas. These areas protect rare marine animals and plants, as well as important coastal ecosystems. For example, the Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve in Zhangzhou is an important habitat for many rare birds and fish. The mangroves there can also protect the coast from storms and reduce soil erosion. Second, Fujian has strictly controlled marine pollution. The government has made rules to stop factories from pouring waste water into the sea. It also improves the sewage (污水) treatment system in coastal cities, to reduce the pollution that goes into the ocean. Fishing boats are not allowed to throw rubbish into the sea, either. Third, Fujian is developing eco-friendly fishery. Traditional fishing methods often hurt the marine ecosystem. Now the government encourages fishermen to use more environmentally friendly fishing ways. It also promotes fish farming in a scientific way, to reduce the pressure on wild fish populations. Besides, Fujian also carries out lots of ocean education activities. Schools organize students to visit marine museums and take part in beach clean-up activities. More and more people realize the importance of protecting the ocean, and take part in protecting it in their daily lives. Ocean protection is a long-term task. Fujian will keep working to protect the blue home, and let the ocean benefit more people. 1．What is the first measure Fujian has taken to protect the ocean? A．Controlling marine pollution. B．Building marine protected areas. C．Developing eco-friendly fishery. D．Carrying out ocean education. 2．What can mangroves do according to Paragraph 2? A．Produce clean water for fish. B．Stop all storms from happening. C．Protect the coast and reduce soil erosion. D．Provide food for all sea animals. 3．What does the underlined word “promotes” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．推广 B．减少 C．限制 D．禁止 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a pollution control measure? A．Stopping factories from pouring waste water into the sea. B．Improving sewage treatment systems in coastal cities. C．Banning fishing boats from throwing rubbish into the sea. D．Banning all fishing activities in coastal areas. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．The rich marine resources of Fujian. B．The importance of ocean protection. C．Measures Fujian takes to protect the ocean. D．How people take part in ocean protection. 三、语法填空 The Earth is 1 beautiful place. There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields. Some places are very hot and some are very cold. There are different 2 (plant). Some are large. Some are small. All plants need light and water. There are different animals on Earth too. Some live 3 the land. Some fly in the sky. Some live under the water. There are also many people 4 you and me. The Earth 5 (provide) us with air, water and food. It is 6 (we) home. Today, there is a lot of 7 (pollute). We burn things 8 (make) energy. This pollutes the air. We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground. This pollutes the Earth and kills animals and plants. We must stop 9 (do) these things. It is important for us 10 (protect) the Earth for our future. ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $