Unit 4 The Earth(重难词汇精练)英语新教材沪教版七年级上册

2026-09-08
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**基本信息** 初中英语新授课词汇专项训练,以“基础记忆-语境应用-语篇综合”三级进阶构建词汇学习体系,强化语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|汉译英(20单词+6短语)、词汇拓展(18词形转换)|聚焦单词拼写、词性转换规则|从核心词汇识记到词形变化规律,构建词汇形态网络| |词汇语境练|单词拼写(15题)、词形填空(10题)、单选(10题)、选词填空(10题)|通过句子语境考查词汇应用|从单句填空到短语搭配,实现词汇从记忆到运用的过渡| |词汇语篇练|完形填空(1篇)、语法填空(1篇)|在地球主题语篇中综合考查词汇理解与运用|依托主题语境整合词汇,提升语篇层面的词汇综合应用能力|

内容正文:

Unit 4 The Earth 词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 n. 系统 v. 消失;不见 n. 档案 n. 塑料 adj. 令人大为惊奇的 n. 污染 n. 行星 v. 保护 num. 十亿 n. 化学制品;化学品 v. 盖;覆盖 n. 地下水 n. 地区;地域 v. 燃烧;烧 adj. 极冷的 n. 石油;原油 n. 北;北方 n. 天然气 n. (行星的)极;地极 adj. 有害的 n. 沙漠;荒漠 n. 网站 n. 米 adj. 自己的;本人的 v. 足够达到 adv. 然而;不过 n. 谷粒 n. 皇帝 adj. 宽的;宽阔的 v. 打猎 n. 鲸 n. 战争 n. 蝴蝶 n. 沙暴 v. 提供;供应 n. 解决办法 v. 支持;维持 v. 刮;吹 v. 探索 n. (统称)一代人 短语 太阳系 提供;供应;给予 事实档案 照顾;照料 被…… 覆盖 塑料污染 据我们所知 砍倒 海平面 数以百计 更重要的是 吹走 2、 词汇拓展(单词变形) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.system n. 系统→ ________ (adj.) 系统的;有条理的→ ________ (adv.) 系统地;有条理地 2.amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的→________ (v.) 使惊奇;使惊愕→ ________(adj.) 感到惊奇的→ ________(n.) 惊奇;惊愕 3.freezing adj. 极冷的→ ________ (v.) (使)结冰;冻结 → ________(adj.) 冷冻的;冻住的 4.north n. 北;北方→ ________ (adj.) 北方的;北部的 5.wide adj. 宽的;宽阔的 →________ (adv.) 广泛地 → ________ (n.) 宽度 6.support v. 支持;维持 → ________ (adj.) 给予支持的 →________ (n.) 支持者;拥护者 7.explore v. 探索 →________n (n.) 探索;勘探 → ________(n.) 探险家;勘探者 8.disappear v. 消失;不见 →________ (v.) 出现 → ________ (n.) 消失;失踪 9.pollution n. 污染 → ________ (v.) 污染 → ________(adj.) 被污染的 10.protect v. 保护 → ________ (n.) 保护 → ________ (adj.) 保护的;防护的 11.chemical n. 化学制品;化学品 → ________ (n.) 化学 →________ (n.) 化学家;药剂师 12.burn v. 燃烧;烧 → ________/________ (adj.) 燃烧过的;烧焦的 → ________ (adj.) 燃烧的;炽热的 13.harmful adj. 有害的 →________ (v./n.) 伤害;损害 → ________ (adj.) 无害的 14.own adj. 自己的;本人的 →________(n.) 物主;主人 15.hunt v. 打猎 → ________ (n.) 猎人 → ________ (n.) 狩猎 16.solution n. 解决办法 →________ (v.) 解决;解答 17.blow v. 刮;吹 →________(过去式)→ ________(过去分词) 18.generation n.(统称)一代人 →________(v.) 产生;生成 一、单词拼写 1.The road was just w________ enough for two vehicles (车辆) to pass. 2.The weather near the North Pole is f________. 3.Please put the information into this f________. 4.The view from the top is a________. 5. Burning oil and gas produces harmful g________ which pollute our air. 6.Tigers often h________ for food in the forest. 7. We should protect the Earth for future g________. 8.In winter, they often b________ some wood to get warm. 9.Plastic p________ is harmful to animals. 10.This desert a________ is very dry. 11.The moon is not a star. It moves around a p________. 12.The hotel can p________ free breakfast for every guest every morning. 13.Some families are buying p________ Christmas trees. 14.We can see many colourful b________ flying among the flowers in spring. 15.Many kinds of animals d________ because of serious pollution years ago. 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.There are many ________ (amaze) facts about the Earth. 2.The Earth ________ (provide) us with everything we need. 3.People burn oil and gas, so there are more ________ (harm) gases in the air. 4.Three ________ (generation) of workers have worked in Saihanba. 5.Factories must stop bringing ________ (pollute) to rivers and lakes. 6.There are ________ (few) fish in the sea than before. 7.Most of the Earth’s surface is ________ (cover) by water. 8.We need to find a good ________ (solve) to stop plastic pollution. 9.The strong wind ________ (blow) heavily and brought a big sandstorm last night. 10.Who is the ________ (own) of this new schoolgarden? 三、单项选择 1.What a (n) ________ street it is! Ten cars can easily drive on it at a time. A.busy B.strong C.wide D.old 2.— What do you think of the new movie Zootopia 2 (疯狂动物城2) ? — It’s ________! It tells a fun story of animals about love and justice (正义) . A.boring B.amazing C.busy D.interested 3.The birthday person must make a wish and ________ out the candles. A.blow B.work C.sell D.cut 4.Many trees were ________ to build houses. A.cut down B.blown away C.covered by D.provided with 5.The school provides students ________ clean drinking water. A.with B.for C.to D.of 6.We need a good ________ to the pollution problem. A.solution B.emperor C.website D.desert 7.The area is ________ by snow in winter. A.covered B.provided C.explored D.blown 8.Plastic ________ is harmful to the environment. A.solution B.pollution C.generation D.website 9.Please stop ________ rubbish into the river. It pollutes the water. A.throw B.to throw C.throwing D.threw 10.There are ________ birds flying in the sky because of the light pollution. A.hundred of B.hundreds of C.two hundreds D.two hundred of 四、选词填空 选用方框内短语,并用其适当形式填空,每个短语只能使用一次。 what’s more; be covered by; provide … with …; blow away;as far as we know; take care of; plastic pollution; cut down; sea level; hundreds of; 1.Our school _______________ students _______________ enough clean drinking water every day. 2.We should _______________ our environment and try our best to make it better. 3.Much of the island _______________ thick forests many years ago. 4._______________ kills lots of sea animals around the world. 5._______________, human activities are the main cause of the earth’s problems. 6.Humans _______________ lots of trees, so many animals lose their homes. 7.Global warming makes the _______________ rise faster and faster. 8._______________ birds lose their lives because of brightly-lit buildings each year. 9.Trees can produce fresh oxygen. _______________, they help keep the soil in place. 10.The heavy wind _______________ the fallen leaves last night. 一、完形填空 阅读短文,理解其大意,从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The Earth is an amazing planet! It is the only planet we know that supports life. Let’s learn some amazing 1 about it. The Earth has different 2 . Some places near the equator are very hot, while the North and South Poles are freezing cold. There are various landforms—fields, mountains, forests, deserts and so on. The highest mountain on Earth is over 8,000 metres 3 sea level, and the deepest sea is more than 10,000 metres down. Plants on Earth are amazing too. They come in different 4 . The tallest trees can grow over 100 metres tall, but the smallest plants are as 5 as a grain of rice. The Earth is also home to millions of animals. Some animals live on land, like tigers and lions. Birds love to fly in the 6 sky. Big blue whales live in the sea and 7 it their home. From small butterflies to big seahorses, all animals make our planet lovely. What’s more, the Earth 8 us with all the things we need—food, water, air and energy. It is our only home. So we should 9 it and take good care of it. Let’s explore this amazing planet 10 and learn to love it more. 1.A.facts B.stories C.jokes D.secrets 2.A.colours B.places C.names D.sizes 3.A.below B.beside C.above D.behind 4.A.shapes B.colours C.tastes D.smells 5.A.big B.small C.tall D.short 6.A.wide B.narrow C.dark D.deep 7.A.call B.make C.get D.take 8.A.helps B.provides C.gives D.shows 9.A.forget B.visit C.protect D.leave 10.A.happily B.sadly C.angrily D.nervously 二 、语法填空 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Earth is our home. It is an 1 (amaze) planet with air, water, and life. About 71% of the Earth’s surface is 2 (cover) by water, and the rest is land. The North Pole is in 3 north, covered with ice. The highest point on Earth is Mount Qomolangma, which is over 8,800 4 (metre) high. The Earth 5 (provide) us with many things, such as food, water, and materials for houses. However, 6 (pollute) is a big problem today. Many rivers and oceans are dirty because of plastic and chemicals. What’s 7 (much), the air is polluted by cars and factories. We must protect the Earth. We can take care 8 it by planting trees, saving water, and using less plastic. Scientists are also exploring new ways 9 (keep) the Earth clean. If everyone helps, our planet will be a better place to live. The Earth is beautiful 10 full of life. Let’s work together to keep it safe for the future! $Unit 4 The Earth 词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 system n. 系统 disappear v. 消失;不见 file n. 档案 plastic n. 塑料 amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的 pollution n. 污染 planet n. 行星 protect v. 保护 *billion num. 十亿 *chemical n. 化学制品;化学品 cover v. 盖;覆盖 groundwater n. 地下水 area n. 地区;地域 burn v. 燃烧;烧 freezing adj. 极冷的 oil n. 石油;原油 north n. 北;北方 gas n. 天然气 pole n. (行星的)极;地极 harmful adj. 有害的 desert n. 沙漠;荒漠 website n. 网站 metre n. 米 own adj. 自己的;本人的 reach v. 足够达到 however adv. 然而;不过 *grain n. 谷粒 emperor n. 皇帝 wide adj. 宽的;宽阔的 hunt v. 打猎 whale n. 鲸 war n. 战争 butterfly n. 蝴蝶 sandstorm n. 沙暴 provide v. 提供;供应 solution n. 解决办法 support v. 支持;维持 blow v. 刮;吹 explore v. 探索 generation n. (统称)一代人 短语 solar system 太阳系 provide ... with ... 提供;供应;给予 fact file 事实档案 take care of 照顾;照料 be covered by 被…… 覆盖 plastic pollution 塑料污染 as far as we know 据我们所知 cut down 砍倒 sea level 海平面 hundreds of 数以百计 what’s more 更重要的是 blow away 吹走 2、 词汇拓展(单词变形) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.system n. 系统→ systematic (adj.) 系统的;有条理的→ systematically (adv.) 系统地;有条理地 2.amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的→ amaze (v.) 使惊奇;使惊愕→ amazed (adj.) 感到惊奇的→ amazement (n.) 惊奇;惊愕 3.freezing adj. 极冷的→ freeze (v.) (使)结冰;冻结 → frozen (adj.) 冷冻的;冻住的 4.north n. 北;北方→ northern (adj.) 北方的;北部的 5.wide adj. 宽的;宽阔的 → widely (adv.) 广泛地 → width (n.) 宽度 6.support v. 支持;维持 → supportive (adj.) 给予支持的 → supporter (n.) 支持者;拥护者 7.explore v. 探索 → exploration (n.) 探索;勘探 → explorer (n.) 探险家;勘探者 8.disappear v. 消失;不见 → appear (v.) 出现 → disappearance (n.) 消失;失踪 9.pollution n. 污染 → pollute (v.) 污染 → polluted (adj.) 被污染的 10.protect v. 保护 → protection (n.) 保护 → protective (adj.) 保护的;防护的 11.chemical n. 化学制品;化学品 → chemistry (n.) 化学 → chemist (n.) 化学家;药剂师 12.burn v. 燃烧;烧 → burnt/burned (adj.) 燃烧过的;烧焦的 → burning (adj.) 燃烧的;炽热的 13.harmful adj. 有害的 → harm (v./n.) 伤害;损害 → harmless (adj.) 无害的 14.own adj. 自己的;本人的 → owner (n.) 物主;主人 15.hunt v. 打猎 → hunter (n.) 猎人 → hunting (n.) 狩猎 16.solution n. 解决办法 → solve (v.) 解决;解答 17.blow v. 刮;吹 →blew(过去式)→ blown(过去分词) 18.generation n.(统称)一代人 → generate (v.) 产生;生成 一、单词拼写 1.The road was just w________ enough for two vehicles (车辆) to pass. 【答案】(w)ide 【详解】句意:这条路刚好足够宽,可以让两辆车通过。根据“enough for two vehicles (车辆) to pass.”可知是指这条路刚好足够宽,空格处为形容词作表语,“宽的”可以用wide表示。故填(w)ide。 2.The weather near the North Pole is f________. 【答案】freezing 【详解】句意:北极附近的天气严寒。根据“The weather near the North Pole”、首字母f以及常识可知北极天气极冷,freezing意为“极冷的”,在句中作表语。 3.Please put the information into this f________. 【答案】file 【详解】句意:请把信息存入这个文件。根据首字母提示和“Please put the information into this…”可知,此处指把信息存入文件中,file意为“文件”,指示代词this后接单数名词,符合存储信息的语境,此处用单数即可。 4.The view from the top is a________. 【答案】amazing 【详解】句意:从山顶望去的景色美极了。amazing是形容词,意为“令人惊叹的、绝妙的”,用来修饰事物view,在句中作表语,首字母为a,符合语境,故填amazing。 5. Burning oil and gas produces harmful g________ which pollute our air. 【答案】gases 【详解】句意:燃烧石油和天然气会产生有害气体,污染我们的空气。根据语境 “燃烧油气产生有害……” 以及首字母 g,gas 表示 “气体”;后文定语从句which pollute中谓语动词为原形 pollute,说明主语是复数,故填gases。 6.Tigers often h________ for food in the forest. 【答案】hunt 【详解】句意:老虎经常在森林里捕食。根据首字母提示以及“…for food”可知,此处指“猎取;捕猎”,英文为hunt,hunt for food意为“捕食”。句子描述的是通常情况,应用一般现在时。主语Tigers是复数,谓语动词用原形。故填hunt。 7. We should protect the Earth for future g________. 【答案】generations 【详解】句意:我们应该为后代保护地球。结合语境 “为了未来的____” 以及首字母 g,generation 表示 “一代人”;future generations 为固定表达,意为 “后代”,要用复数形式generations。 8.In winter, they often b________ some wood to get warm. 【答案】(b)urn 【详解】句意:在冬天,他们经常烧一些木头来取暖。根据“In winter, they often…some wood to get warm.”可推知,为了取暖会“烧”木头,“burn”表示“燃烧;烧”,句子是一般现在时,主语“they”是复数,用动词原形。故填(b)urn。 9.Plastic p________ is harmful to animals. 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意:塑料污染对动物有害。plastic pollution意为“塑料污染”,pollution为不可数名词,谓语动词用is,契合塑料垃圾危害动物的环保语境,首字母为p,故填pollution。 10.This desert a________ is very dry. 【答案】area 【详解】句意:这片沙漠区域非常干旱。area意为“区域、地区”,this desert area表示“这片沙漠地带”,be动词is提示此处用单数名词,首字母为a,符合语境,故填area。 11.The moon is not a star. It moves around a p________. 【答案】planet 【详解】句意:月球不是恒星,它围绕一颗行星运转。planet意为“行星”,不定冠词a后接单数可数名词,月球围绕地球这一行星转动,符合天文常识,首字母为p,故填planet。 12.The hotel can p________ free breakfast for every guest every morning. 【答案】provide 【详解】句意:这家酒店每天早上都能为每位客人提供免费早餐。根据首字母提示和“free breakfast for every guest”可知,此处表示“为每位客人提供免费早餐”。固定搭配“provide sth. for sb.”,意为“为某人提供某物”。句中的“can”是情态动词,情态动词后面必须跟动词原形,故填provide。 13.Some families are buying p________ Christmas trees. 【答案】plastic 【详解】句意:一些家庭正在购买塑料圣诞树。句中“Christmas trees”是名词短语,前面需要形容词修饰,结合生活常识及首字母为p可知,应是说购买塑料圣诞树,plastic“塑料的”,符合语境。 14.We can see many colourful b________ flying among the flowers in spring. 【答案】butterflies 【详解】句意:春天我们可以看见许多色彩斑斓的蝴蝶在花丛中飞舞。many 后接可数名词复数,根据首字母 b 和 “在花丛中飞舞” 的语境,此处填 butterfly 的复数 butterflies。 15.Many kinds of animals d________ because of serious pollution years ago. 【答案】disappeared 【详解】句意:多年前,由于严重的污染,许多种类的动物消失了。根据时间状语years ago(多年以前)可知句子使用一般过去时;结合首字母 d 以及语境 “因为污染动物消失”,disappear 表示 “消失”,其过去式为disappeared。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.There are many ________ (amaze) facts about the Earth. 【答案】amazing 【详解】句意:关于地球有很多令人惊奇的事实。修饰名词facts要用-ing形式形容词,给出的“amaze”的形容词形式“amazing”,表示“令人惊奇的”,故填amazing。 2.The Earth ________ (provide) us with everything we need. 【答案】provides 【详解】句意:地球为我们提供所需要的一切。句子描述的是客观事实,用一般现在时;主语The Earth是单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,provide的三单形式是provides,故填provides。 3.People burn oil and gas, so there are more ________ (harm) gases in the air. 【答案】harmful 【详解】句意:人们燃烧石油和天然气,所以空气中有更多有害气体。空格修饰名词gases,需要形容词;名词harm的形容词形式是harmful,意为“有害的”。 4.Three ________ (generation) of workers have worked in Saihanba. 【答案】generations 【详解】句意:三代工人都在塞罕坝工作过。空格前有数词Three,后面要接可数名词复数形式。generation是可数名词,复数直接在词尾加-s,故填generations。 5.Factories must stop bringing ________ (pollute) to rivers and lakes. 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意:工厂必须停止给河流和湖泊带来污染。动词bring后面需要接名词作宾语;括号内pollute是动词 “污染”,它的名词形式是pollution,为不可数名词。 6.There are ________ (few) fish in the sea than before. 【答案】fewer 【详解】句意:海里的鱼比以前更少了。句中“than before”为比较级的标志词,提示空格处应用比较级形式。“few”的比较级为“fewer”,修饰可数名词复数“fish”(此处指鱼的数量),表示“更少的”。故填fewer。 7.Most of the Earth’s surface is ________ (cover) by water. 【答案】covered 【详解】句意:地球表面大部分被水覆盖。根据“Most of the earth’s surface”,以及后面的by water,可知,此处需要使用被动语态;被动语态结构be+动词过去分词。cover是动词,过去分词是covered,意为“覆盖”,be covered by…表示“被……覆盖”。 8.We need to find a good ________ (solve) to stop plastic pollution. 【答案】solution 【详解】句意:我们需要找到一个好的解决办法来制止塑料污染。不定冠词 a 后面需要接名词;solve 是动词 “解决”,名词形式solution,意为 “解决办法”。 9.The strong wind ________ (blow) heavily and brought a big sandstorm last night. 【答案】blew 【详解】句意:昨晚大风猛烈地刮,带来了一场大沙暴。根据时间状语last night(昨晚)可知句子用一般过去时;blow 的过去式为blew,意为 “刮;吹”。 10.Who is the ________ (own) of this new schoolgarden? 【答案】owner 【详解】句意:这座新校园花园的主人是谁。定冠词 the 后面需要接名词;括号内 own 是形容词,意为 “自己的”,它对应的名词形式owner,表示 “物主,主人”。 三、单项选择 1.What a (n) ________ street it is! Ten cars can easily drive on it at a time. A.busy B.strong C.wide D.old 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这是一条多么宽阔的街道啊!十辆车可以同时轻松地在上面行驶。 busy繁忙的;strong强壮的;wide宽阔的;old旧的。根据后句“Ten cars can easily drive on it at a time.”可知,街道能容纳十辆车同时行驶,说明街道很宽。应填wide。 2.— What do you think of the new movie Zootopia 2 (疯狂动物城2) ? — It’s ________! It tells a fun story of animals about love and justice (正义) . A.boring B.amazing C.busy D.interested 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你觉得新电影《疯狂动物城 2》怎么样?——它太棒了!它讲述了一个关于爱和正义的有趣的动物故事。 boring无聊的;amazing令人惊叹的;busy忙碌的;interested感兴趣的。句中“It tells a fun story of animals about love and justice.”,说明电影故事有趣,是对电影的正面评价,amazing符合语境。 3.The birthday person must make a wish and ________ out the candles. A.blow B.work C.sell D.cut 【答案】A 【详解】句意:过生日的人必须许个愿并吹灭蜡烛。 blow吹;work工作;sell卖;cut切。根据“make a wish”和“the candles”可知,生日习俗是许愿后吹灭蜡烛,固定搭配blow out意为“吹灭”。 4.Many trees were ________ to build houses. A.cut down B.blown away C.covered by D.provided with 【答案】A 【详解】句意:许多树被砍倒,用来建造房屋。 cut down砍倒;blown away吹走;covered by被……覆盖;provided with被提供……。根据“...to build houses.”可知,建造房子需要木材,因此需要砍树木,cut down符合语境。 5.The school provides students ________ clean drinking water. A.with B.for C.to D.of 【答案】A 【详解】句意:学校为学生提供干净的饮用水。 with和,带有;for为了;to到;of……的。本题题干结构是“provide+对象(students)+提供物(clean drinking water)”,符合provide sb. with sth.“为某人提供某物”的结构,因此选介词with。 6.We need a good ________ to the pollution problem. A.solution B.emperor C.website D.desert 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们需要一个解决污染问题的好办法。 solution解决办法;emperor皇帝;website网站;desert沙漠。固定搭配a solution to...表示“……的解决方法”,符合“污染问题”的语境。 7.The area is ________ by snow in winter. A.covered B.provided C.explored D.blown 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这个地区冬天被大雪覆盖。 covered覆盖;provided提供;explored探索;blown吹。固定搭配be covered by表示“被……覆盖”,符合雪地场景。 8.Plastic ________ is harmful to the environment. A.solution B.pollution C.generation D.website 【答案】B 【详解】句意:塑料污染对环境有害。 solution解决办法;pollution污染;generation一代;website网站。根据“对环境有害”可知此处表达塑料污染,因此用pollution。 9.Please stop ________ rubbish into the river. It pollutes the water. A.throw B.to throw C.throwing D.threw 【答案】C 【详解】句意:请停止向河里扔垃圾。它污染了水源。 stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事(停下正在做的事)”;stop to do sth.意为“停下来,去做某事(另一件事)”。根据“It pollutes the water.”可知是要求停止扔垃圾这一行为,应用stop doing结构。 10.There are ________ birds flying in the sky because of the light pollution. A.hundred of B.hundreds of C.two hundreds D.two hundred of 【答案】B 【详解】句意:由于光污染,有成百上千只鸟儿在天空飞翔。hundred 表示确切数字时用单数;表示泛指 “成百上千”,使用固定搭配hundreds of。A、C、D 均为错误结构。 四、选词填空 选用方框内短语,并用其适当形式填空,每个短语只能使用一次。 what’s more; be covered by; provide … with …; blow away;as far as we know; take care of; plastic pollution; cut down; sea level; hundreds of; 1.Our school _______________ students _______________ enough clean drinking water every day. 2.We should _______________ our environment and try our best to make it better. 3.Much of the island _______________ thick forests many years ago. 4._______________ kills lots of sea animals around the world. 5._______________, human activities are the main cause of the earth’s problems. 6.Humans _______________ lots of trees, so many animals lose their homes. 7.Global warming makes the _______________ rise faster and faster. 8._______________ birds lose their lives because of brightly-lit buildings each year. 9.Trees can produce fresh oxygen. _______________, they help keep the soil in place. 10.The heavy wind _______________ the fallen leaves last night. 【答案】1.provides; with 2. take care of 3. was covered by 4. Plastic pollution 5. As far as we know 6. cut down 7.sea level 8. Hundreds of 9.What’s more 10. blew away 【详解】 1.句意:我们学校每天为学生提供充足的饮用水。 解析:固定搭配provide sb. with sth.表示 “为某人提供某物”。时间标志every day说明是一般现在时;主语Our school是第三人称单数,所以provide变形为provides。 2. 句意:我们应当爱护环境,尽力让环境变得更好。 解析:take care of本义 “照顾、照料”,本句引申为 “爱护”。情态动词should后面必须接动词原形,因此直接填短语原形take care of。 3.句意:许多年前,这座岛屿的大部分被茂密的森林覆盖。 解析:be covered by是被动结构,意为 “被…… 覆盖”。时间状语many years ago(许多年前)为一般过去时;主语Much of the island视作单数,be 动词选用was,故填was covered by。 4. 句意:塑料污染夺去了全世界很多海洋动物的生命。 解析:plastic pollution意为 “塑料污染”,是不可数名词短语,在句中作主语;句子开头单词首字母需要大写,所以写Plastic pollution。 5. 句意:据我们所知,人类活动是地球各类问题的主要诱因。 解析:固定短语as far as we know翻译为 “据我们所知”,常放在句首引出观点;句首首字母大写,填As far as we know。 6.句意:人类砍伐大量树木,许多动物失去家园。 解析:cut down固定短语 “砍倒”。本句描述客观事实,使用一般现在时;主语Humans表示人类,是复数主语,动词用原形,填cut down。 7. 句意:全球变暖让海平面上升得越来越快。 解析:sea level意为 “海平面”,固定名词短语;make sth. do结构中,sea level作 make 的宾语,直接填短语原形sea level。 8. 句意:每年有成百上千的鸟类因为灯火通明的建筑物丧生。 解析:hundreds of表示概数 “成百上千的,数以百计的”,后面接可数名词复数;短语置于句首,首字母大写,填Hundreds of。 补充辨析:hundred 前面有具体数字,hundred 不加 s;泛指 “数百” 才用 hundreds of。 9.句意:树木可以产生新鲜氧气。此外,它们还可以固住土壤。 解析:what’s more为过渡短语,意思是 “而且,更重要的是,此外”,用于递进补充信息;放在句首首字母大写,填What’s more。 10. 句意:昨晚大风把落叶吹走了。 解析:blow away固定短语 “吹走”。时间标志last night(昨晚),确定句子为一般过去时;blow的过去式是不规则变化blew,故填blew away。 一、完形填空 阅读短文,理解其大意,从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The Earth is an amazing planet! It is the only planet we know that supports life. Let’s learn some amazing 1 about it. The Earth has different 2 . Some places near the equator are very hot, while the North and South Poles are freezing cold. There are various landforms—fields, mountains, forests, deserts and so on. The highest mountain on Earth is over 8,000 metres 3 sea level, and the deepest sea is more than 10,000 metres down. Plants on Earth are amazing too. They come in different 4 . The tallest trees can grow over 100 metres tall, but the smallest plants are as 5 as a grain of rice. The Earth is also home to millions of animals. Some animals live on land, like tigers and lions. Birds love to fly in the 6 sky. Big blue whales live in the sea and 7 it their home. From small butterflies to big seahorses, all animals make our planet lovely. What’s more, the Earth 8 us with all the things we need—food, water, air and energy. It is our only home. So we should 9 it and take good care of it. Let’s explore this amazing planet 10 and learn to love it more. 1.A.facts B.stories C.jokes D.secrets 2.A.colours B.places C.names D.sizes 3.A.below B.beside C.above D.behind 4.A.shapes B.colours C.tastes D.smells 5.A.big B.small C.tall D.short 6.A.wide B.narrow C.dark D.deep 7.A.call B.make C.get D.take 8.A.helps B.provides C.gives D.shows 9.A.forget B.visit C.protect D.leave 10.A.happily B.sadly C.angrily D.nervously 【答案】 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.A 【导语】本文介绍了神奇的地球,从气候地貌、植物、动物、地球给予人类生存资源几个方面讲述地球的奇妙,呼吁我们保护、爱护地球家园。 【详解】 1.句意:让我们来了解一些关于它的奇妙事实。 前文点明地球是独特的、孕育生命的星球,后文依次介绍地球气候、地貌、动植物等客观科普信息,应用facts“事实,科普知识”。stories“故事”、jokes“笑话”、secrets“秘密”均不符合科普介绍的语境。 2.句意:地球上有各种各样的地域。 后文列举赤道、南北极不同地域的温差,围绕不同地点展开说明,应用places“地方,地域”。colours“颜色”、names“名字”、sizes“尺寸”均和冷热温差的内容无关。 3.句意:地球上最高的山峰海拔超过8000米,最深的海洋深度超10000米。 山峰是高出海平面的,固定搭配above sea level表示“海平面以上”,应用above“在……上方”。below“在……下方”、beside“在……旁边”、behind“在……后面”不符合山峰与海平面的位置逻辑。 4.句意:地球上的植物形态各不相同。 后文通过高大树木和微型植物对比植物外形大小,是在讲植物的外形形态,应用shapes“外形,形态”。colours“颜色”、tastes“味道”、smells“气味”和高矮大小对比无关。 5.句意:最高的树能长到100多米,最小的植物和一粒米一样小。 前文出现the smallest plants(最小的植物),对应米粒般微小,固定搭配as small as表示“和……一样小”,应用small“小的”。big“大的”、tall“高的”、short“矮的”不符合最小植物的描述。 6.句意:鸟儿喜欢在广阔的天空飞翔。修饰天空,形容天空辽阔宽广,应用wide“广阔的,宽阔的”。narrow“狭窄的”、dark“黑暗的”、deep“深的”都不适合修饰天空。 7.句意:巨大的蓝鲸生活在海洋里,并把海洋当作它们的家园。 固定结构make sth. one’s home,表示“把某地当作自己的家”,应用make。call“称呼”、get“得到”、take“拿走”无此固定搭配。 8.句意:此外,地球为我们提供生存所需的一切事物——食物、水源、空气和能源。 固定搭配provide sb. with sth.,意为“为某人提供某物”,应用provides。helps“帮助”、gives(搭配为 give sb. sth.)、shows“展示”不满足with的搭配要求。 9.句意:它是我们唯一的家园,因此我们应当保护它、好好善待它。 后文take good care of(好好爱护)和横线词为并列正向行为,应用protect“保护”。forget“忘记”、visit“参观”、leave“离开”和爱护地球的主旨相悖。 10.句意:让我们快乐地探索这颗奇妙的星球,学着更热爱它。 整篇文章对地球持赞美喜爱的积极态度,探索星球是开心的事,应用happily“开心地,愉快地”。sadly“伤心地”、angrily“生气地”、nervously“紧张地”均为负面情绪副词,不符合全文情感基调。 二 、语法填空 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Earth is our home. It is an 1 (amaze) planet with air, water, and life. About 71% of the Earth’s surface is 2 (cover) by water, and the rest is land. The North Pole is in 3 north, covered with ice. The highest point on Earth is Mount Qomolangma, which is over 8,800 4 (metre) high. The Earth 5 (provide) us with many things, such as food, water, and materials for houses. However, 6 (pollute) is a big problem today. Many rivers and oceans are dirty because of plastic and chemicals. What’s 7 (much), the air is polluted by cars and factories. We must protect the Earth. We can take care 8 it by planting trees, saving water, and using less plastic. Scientists are also exploring new ways 9 (keep) the Earth clean. If everyone helps, our planet will be a better place to live. The Earth is beautiful 10 full of life. Let’s work together to keep it safe for the future! 【答案】 1.amazing 2.covered 3.the 4.metres 5.provides 6.pollution 7.more 8.of 9.to keep 10.and 【导语】本文主要介绍了地球的相关信息,包括其构成、为人类提供的资源、面临的污染问题以及保护地球的措施等。 【详解】 1.句意:它是一个令人惊叹的星球,有空气、水和生命。根据“It is an...planet with air, water, and life.”可知,此处需要一个形容词来修饰planet,amaze的形容词形式有amazing (令人惊叹的,常用来修饰物) 和amazed (感到惊叹的,常用来修饰人),这里修饰planet用amazing。故填amazing。 2.句意:地球表面大约71%被水覆盖,其余的是陆地。根据“About 71% of the Earth’s surface is...by water”可知,此处表示“被水覆盖”,be covered by是固定短语,意为“被……覆盖”,所以用cover的过去分词covered。故填covered。 3.句意:北极在北方,被冰覆盖。根据“The North Pole is in...north”可知,in the north是固定表达,意为“在北方”。故填the。 4.句意:地球上最高的点是珠穆朗玛峰,它有8800多米高。根据“which is over 8,800...high”可知,8800是复数概念,metre的复数形式是metres。故填metres。 5.句意:地球为我们提供许多东西,比如食物、水和建房子的材料。根据“The Earth...us with many things”可知,此处缺少谓语动词,且描述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语The Earth是第三人称单数,provide的第三人称单数形式是provides,provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”。故填provides。 6.句意:然而,污染是当今的一个大问题。根据“...is a big problem today”可知,此处需要一个名词作主语,pollute的名词形式是pollution,表示“污染”。故填pollution。 7.句意:而且,空气被汽车和工厂污染。根据“What’s...”可知,what’s more是固定短语,意为“而且,此外”。故填more。 8.句意:我们可以通过植树、节约用水和少用塑料来照顾它。根据“take care...it”可知,take care of是固定短语,意为“照顾”。故填of。 9.句意:科学家们也在探索保持地球清洁的新方法。根据“new ways...the Earth clean”可知,此处用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰ways,所以用to keep,意为“保持”。故填to keep。 10.句意:地球美丽且充满生机。根据“The Earth is beautiful...full of life.”可知,beautiful和full of life是并列关系,用and连接。故填and。 $

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Unit 4 The Earth(重难词汇精练)英语新教材沪教版七年级上册
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Unit 4 The Earth(重难词汇精练)英语新教材沪教版七年级上册
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Unit 4 The Earth(重难词汇精练)英语新教材沪教版七年级上册
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