选修1 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT-【优化探究】2027年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版 广东专版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“对社会有突出贡献的人物”主题，依据高考评价体系梳理了核心词汇（如vital, commit）、经典句式（如upon doing..., it作形式主语）及人物介绍写作三大考查维度，通过近五年真题分析明确“词汇辨析”占35%、“句式运用”占40%的高频考点分布，构建了系统的知识网络和答题思路。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+真题演练+素养提升”的备考模式，如以2023全国甲卷人物介绍题为例，深入解析“acknowledge as”结构和“代词+of+关系代词”定语从句，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特设易错点警示（如insist虚拟语气用法）和写作模板，助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准教学，实现高效冲刺。

教材复习 选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 主题语境　对社会有突出贡献的人物 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　基础知识夯实 Part 2　核心考点突破 Part 3　基础知识达标 Part 4　写作能力培优 Part 1　基础知识夯实 ★提示：速记后再做《英语词句默写本》及时巩固 14.flow n.流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动 15.infer vt.推断；推定 16.numerous adj.众多的；许多的 17.theory n.理论；学说 18.genius n.(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋 19.extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 20.gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 ►构词法日积月累 后缀-ic： 1.带有后缀-ic的单词通常是形容词，表示“属于……的，有……性质的，关于……的”，如sympathy→sympathetic(有同情心的)、drama→dramatic(戏剧性的)；以-ic结尾的单词也可以作名词，表示“具有……性质的人，产生……的物，学术”。如：critic n.批评家；mechanic n.技工，机械师；logic n.逻辑学；analgesic n.镇痛剂；antibiotic n.抗生素。 2.以-ic结尾的形容词在变副词时要在其后加-ally。 Ⅳ.短语词块 1.commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2.insist on坚决要求 3.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 4.come to power (开始)掌权；上台 5.take up a position担任；任职 6.sum up总结；概括 7.lead to导致 8.graduate from毕业于…… 9.with the objective of目的是…… 10.manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 11.get stuck陷入困境 12.out of a strong passion for knowledge出于强烈的求知欲 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1.In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.(过去分词作定语) 1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。 2.Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.(“代词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) 随后，该药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者恢复了健康。 3.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine... ”(upon doing...) 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……” 4.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(it作形式主语) 中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。 5.While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.(状语从句的省略) 在那里工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。 英语词句默写本 Ⅰ.回忆单词汉语意思，在不认识的词汇前面做出标记 □physiology　□artemisinin　□extract □substance　□chart　□relativity　□formula □moustache　□photoelectric　□institution □patent　□peculiarity Ⅱ.重点单词 1._______________ adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2._______________ adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 crucial vital 3.__________________ n.目标；目的 adj.客观的；基于事实的 4.__________________ vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 5.__________________ n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 6.__________________ adv.显而易见；看来；显然 7.__________________ vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 8.__________________ vi.& vt.迅速离开；逃跑 9.__________________ n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 objective obtain defeat apparently insist flee circumstance 10._______________ vt.推断；推定 11._______________ adj.众多的；许多的 12._______________ adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 13._______________ adv.逐渐地；逐步地 14._______________ vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n.邂逅；遭遇 15._______________ adj.非凡的；显著的 infer numerous extraordinary gradually encounter remarkable Ⅲ.拓展单词 1.______________ adj.植物学的→_____________ n.植物学 2.______________ vt.评价；评估→_____________ n.评价；评估 3.______________ adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→___________ n.区别；差别→______________ adj.特别的，独特的 4.______________ n.小说家→_____________ n.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；珍奇的 botanical　 botany evaluate　 evaluation distinct　 distinction distinctive novelist　 novel 5._______________ adj.温柔的；文静的→_______________ adv.温柔地；温和地 6.________________ n.结果；后果→______________ adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→_______________ adv.结果；因此；所以 7.________________ vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→_______________ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→_______________ n.投入，奉献；承诺 8._________________ n.酷爱；激情→_______________ adj.有激情的 gentle　 gently consequence　 consequent consequently commit committed commitment passion　 passionate Ⅳ.构词法——后缀-ic 1.He is an ______________ (athlete) person who enjoys running and swimming. 2.Massage may help to increase blood flow to _________________ (specifically) areas of the body. athletic specific 3.Seeing her friend in tears, she offered a _____________ (sympathy) ear and a comforting hug to ease the pain. 4.The new software can _______________ (automatic) back up important files every day, saving users from manual operation and data loss risks. sympathetic automatically Ⅴ.核心短语 1.__________________ 坚决要求 2.__________________ (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 3.__________________ 担任；任职 4.__________________ 总结；概括 insist on wear and tear take up a position sum up 5.__________________ 导致 6.__________________ 毕业于…… 7.__________________ 目的是…… 8.__________________设法做成某事 lead to graduate from with the objective of manage to do sth. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The two flowers are quite ___________ from one another, so it is easy to make a ______________ between them.(distinct) 2.As for my favourite ___________, it must be Mark Twain. Nearly all of his ____________ are popular around the world.(novel) distinct distinction novelist novels 3.My uncle is a ______________ by profession who always offers me some ______________ advice.(profession) 4.The committed _____________ employed _____________ methods in his research, contributing significantly to the advancement of modern _____________.(science) 5.Interested in _______________ affairs, I am now majoring in ______________ and intend to be a ______________.(politics) professor professional scientist　 scientific science political politics　 politician 6.Her eyes sparkled with ___________ as she spoke about the ancient art, and it was evident that she was a _____________ advocate for preserving cultural heritage.(passion) 7.During the annual performance ______________, managers are required to __________ employees based on their work achievements, teamwork, and professional development over the past year.(evaluate) 8.After a lengthy analysis of the data, the team ______________ the meeting and came to the ______________ that a new strategy was needed.(conclude) passion passionate evaluation evaluate concluded conclusion Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作) 单句汉语提示 1.我很荣幸站在这里，发表关于历史传奇人物的演讲。(it作形式主语) 2.历史上出现过无数的天才，其中大多数都对人类做出了重大贡献。(“代词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) 3.他完成的画作，如带着神秘的微笑的《蒙娜丽莎》，都是艺术界的瑰宝。(过去分词短语作后置定语) 4.一看到《蒙娜丽莎》，很多人就会立刻被她那似乎藏着无数秘密的神秘微笑吸引。(upon doing...) 5.在研究中面对困难时，他从不放弃。(状语从句的省略) 微写作短文 Ladies and gentlemen, 1._______________________________________________________________________________. Throughout history, there have been numerous geniuses, 2._____________________________________________________.Leonardo da Vinci, known as the “Renaissance Man”， made remarkable achievements in both art and science. He left behind a wealth of works that are still admired today. The paintings 3._________________, like the Mona Lisa, with her mysterious smile, are the treasures of the art world. It is my honor/privilege to stand here and deliver a speech about historical legendary figures most of whom have significantly contributed to humankind completed by him 微写作短文 4.________________________________________________________________ the mysterious smile that seems to hide lots of secrets. The inventions designed by him, such as the flying machine, show his forward-thinking mind. 5._____________________________________________________. He, despite living in an era with limited resources, pushed the boundaries of human knowledge. His spirit of exploration inspires us to pursue innovation. Upon seeing the Mona Lisa, many people will be quickly drawn/attracted by When faced with difficulties in his research, he never gave up Part 2　核心考点突破 1.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 be vital to/for... 对……是至关重要的 It is vital to do... 做……很重要 It is vital that... (should)... ……是十分重要的 ①(译林选必四U3)It’s also vital _____________ (look) back on the process to see what you did well and where improvements are still needed. to look ②如果我们想要在生活中有所作为，重要的是我们应该从小事做起。(主旨升华) If we are to make a difference in life, __________________________ _______________________. it’s vital that we should begin with small things 2.commit vt.承诺；保证；花(钱或时间)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→________________ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→_______________ n.投入，奉献；承诺 (1)commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀 commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) (2)be committed to (doing) sth./commit oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事 (3)make a commitment 作出承诺 committed commitment ①(2025·浙江1月卷)Even the most engaged and ________________ (commit) audience will eventually get bored. ②(北师大必修二U6)With a new sense of energy and ____________ (commit), Reeve undertook an intense exercise programme to help him achieve this goal. ③(译林选必二U1)Though journalists are committed to ___________ (present) the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports. committed commitment presenting ④强烈建议你将更多的空闲时间投入参加体育活动中，因为这有利于你的身体健康。(建议信) It is strongly recommended that ______________________________ _____________________________ for the benefit of your physical health. you (should) commit more free time to taking part in sports activities 3.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→ __________________ n.承认；感谢；收件复函 acknowledge sb./sth. as/to be... 认为某人/某物是……；承认某人/某物是…… acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事 acknowledge that... 承认…… It is universally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。 acknowledgement ①The team acknowledged _____________ (make) mistakes in the early stages, but they learned quickly and adjusted their strategy. ②In his speech, he expressed deep _______________ (acknowledge) for the support he received during the difficult times. making acknowledgement ③袁隆平被公认为中国最伟大的科学家之一，他毕生致力于杂交水稻的研究与推广。 →Yuan Longping _________________________________________ one of the greatest scientists in China who committed his entire life to the research and development of hybrid rice. →________________________________________ Yuan Longping is one of the greatest scientists in China who committed his entire life to the research and development of hybrid rice. is universally/widely acknowledged as/to be It is universally/widely acknowledged that 4.insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求 (1)insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚决要求/坚持(做)某事 (2)insist作“坚决要求”讲时，后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略；作“坚持认为”讲时，从句用陈述语气，根据需要选择相应的时态。 ①As a consequence of some solid evidence, the police officer insisted that the lady ___________________ (disobey) the traffic rules and ____________________ (fine). had disobeyed (should) be fined ②只有当我们坚持经常锻炼身体时，我们才能保持身心健康。(健康生活) Only when we ____________________________________________ ____________________________. insist on/upon working out regularly can we keep healthy physically and mentally ③老师坚决要求我们的作业要按时上交，并且要求我们要充分利用每一分钟去学习。(学校生活) The teacher insists that our homework _________________________ ______________ and that we ________________________________ to study. (should) be handed in on time/schedule (should) make full use of every minute 5.conclusion n.结论；推论→________________ vt.断定；推断出 (1)in conclusion最后；总之 come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论 (2)conclude... with sth./by doing sth. 以……结束…… to conclude 总之；最后 conclude from... 从……中得出结论 ①He concluded his speech ____________ a famous saying “Where there is a will, there is a way.” conclude with ②(2023·全国甲卷)总之，孔子是一位杰出的历史人物，他的学说对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。 _______________________________, Confucius was a remarkable historical figure whose teachings have had a profound impact on Chinese culture and society. ③我从自己的经历中得出结论：不劳则无获。 I _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ that no pain, no gain. In conclusion/To conclude concluded/drew the conclusion/came to the conclusion/reached the conclusion/arrived at the conclusion from my own experience 6.circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 under/in no circumstances无论如何都不，决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装) under/in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此 ①Under/In the ________________ (circumstance), we could rely on nobody but ourselves. circumstances ②(2024·浙江1月卷)老师那句鼓舞人心的话在她的脑海里回响：“在解决你的问题之前，你绝不能放弃。” The teacher’s inspiring words echoed in her mind, “______________ ______________________________ before solving your problem.” Under/In no circumstances should you give up 7.consequence n.结果，后果→________________ adj.作为结果的；随之发生的→_______________ adv.因此 as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of＝as a result of因为……；由于…… ①The heavy rain flooded the roads; _______________ (consequent), the morning commute was severely delayed. consequent consequently consequently ②该市疏忽了对老旧桥梁的维修，结果一座关键的桥梁在高峰时段坍塌，导致交通陷入混乱。 The city neglected to repair aging bridges; ______________________ __________________________________, a critical bridge collapsed during the rush hour, causing traffic chaos. as a consequence/in consequence/consequently/as a result 1.acknowledge My son wrote me a letter in which he acknowledged① having made mistakes in the past and also acknowledged② all the help he received from our family. ①____________ 　②____________ vt.承认　 vt.感谢 2.flow The gentle flow① of the river created a peaceful atmosphere, while the smooth flow② of her words during the presentation impressed the crowd, whose tears flowed③ down their cheeks. ① __________________ 　②____________ 　③____________ n.(液体)流动　 n.流畅　 vi.流动 3.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short-and long-term objectives, keeping your beliefs, values and strengths in mind. 生义： _____________ 熟义：adj.客观的 n.目标 4.The designer’s novel approach to sustainable fashion combined recycled materials with cutting-edge technology, attracting eco-conscious audiences worldwide. 生义： ________________ 熟义：n.小说 adj.新颖的 1.upon doing... “一……就……” [教材原句]　Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine... ”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……” (1)upon/on doing (that)... “一……就……”，表示一件事紧接着另一件事而发生。 (2)“一……就……”的其他表达方式：as soon as、the moment/minute/instant、immediately/directly/instantly、no sooner... than... 、hardly... when... 等。 ①我们那只可爱的狗一看见我，就向我跑来。我心中涌起一股暖流。(人与动物) ______________________, our lovely dog raced towards me. I felt a wave of warmth surging through me. Upon/On seeing me ②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)我一看到自己的名字在一等奖名单的顶端，惊讶和喜悦占据了我的脑海。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________, surprise and joy occupied my mind. As soon as/The instant/The moment/The minute/Immediately/ Directly/Instantly I saw my name on the top of the first prize list ③Hardly had he heard the news that his son failed to pass the exam ____________ he boiled with anger. →_________________________________________________________________ he boiled with anger.(no sooner... than...) when No sooner had he heard the news that his son failed to pass the exam than 2.it作形式主语 [教材原句]　It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。 本句中it 作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语“to be spread around the world”。it作形式主语的常用句式： (1)It be＋过去分词(said/thought/believed/supposed/reported/...)＋that从句 (2)It be＋形容词(strange/important/vital/obvious/possible/...)＋that从句 (3)It be＋名词短语(a pity/a shame/a fact/a good idea/no wonder/...)＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词(occur/happen/seem/...)＋that从句 (5)It occurred to/struck/hit＋sb.＋that从句 ①我很荣幸受邀在此演讲，与大家分享我对积极的学习态度的重要性的看法。 (演讲稿) _____________________________________________________________ to share with you my opinions on the importance of having a positive attitude towards studying. ②人们普遍认为气候变化造成生存威胁，但全球减少排放的努力仍不足。(环境保护) _____________________________ climate change poses an existential threat, yet global efforts to reduce emissions remain insufficient. It is an honour for me/It is my honour to be invited to deliver a speech here It is widely acknowledged that ③重要的是应立即采取有效措施来保护环境。 _________________ effective measures should be taken immediately to protect the environment. ④我突然意识到，人生成功的关键在于以勇气和决心去迎接各类挑战。(主旨升华) __________________________________ the key to success in life lies in facing various challenges with courage and determination. It is vital that It occurred to/struck/hit me that Part 3　基础知识达标 Ⅰ.语境填空 1.It is vital _______________ (do) regular exercise, as it not only boosts physical health but also enhances mental well-being, leading to a happier life. 2.She wore a bright smile on her face, trying to appear calm, but __________________ (apparent)，she was feeling quite nervous and anxious. 3.The mother _______________ (gentle) patted her child’s back as he drifted off to sleep. to do apparently gently 4.Plenty of rubbish is being poured into the rivers; _______________ (consequent), water sources have become badly polluted. 5.She is deeply _____________ (commit) to her career, consistently going above and beyond to achieve her goals and inspire her colleagues. 6.After carefully analyzing all the data and evidence, we can draw the ______________ (conclude) that the new policy has had a positive impact on the community. consequently committed conclusion 7.He insisted that he _________ (be) healthy, but the doctor insisted that the medicine _____________________ (take) with the objective of his recovering quickly. 8.There is no denying that it is our responsibility _______________ (protect) the oceans which are the lungs of our planet. 9.Through it all, she remained in good ______________ (academy) standing and graduated with honors. 10.______________ no circumstances should you share your personal passwords with strangers, as it may lead to serious security risks. was (should) be taken to protect academic Under/In Ⅱ.完成句子 1.很荣幸能站在这里就如何学好汉语发表演讲。 _____________________________________ to deliver a speech on how to learn Chinese well. 2.大家普遍认为汉语对于一个外国学生来说是一门很难的语言。所以我强烈建议你全身心投入汉语学习中。 __________________________________________________________________ for a foreign student. So I strongly suggest you should be committed to learning it. It is a great honour to stand here It is universally/widely acknowledged that Chinese is a very difficult language 3.此外，请记住，耐心和毅力对成功是至关重要的。 Besides, keep in mind that patience and perseverance _____________ ______________________. 4.她引用莎士比亚的一句话作为演讲的结束语。 She _____________________________________ from Shakespeare. 5.因此，无论什么情况你都不能向困难屈服或者中途放弃。 So, under no circumstances __________________________________ ____________________. are of vital importance to success concluded her speech with a quotation should you give in to difficulties or give up halfway Part 4　写作能力培优 培优1　应用文增分练——人物介绍(二) 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Born into a medical family, when young, he ①_______________ _________________ (对……有强烈的热情) medicine and later he ②________________________________ (担任医生一职). He is acknowledged ③__________________ one of the most outstanding experts in the medical field now. He is devoted to (用本单元词汇 had a strong passion for took up a position as a doctor as/to be 替换黑体词：④_____________) researching and treating respiratory diseases, whose work ⑤______________ (对……是至关重要的) the health of people. In a word (用本单元词汇替换黑体词： ⑥_______________________), he has made ⑦__________ (remark) contributions to the Chinese people and even the world. ⑧_________ ______________________________________ (因此), he enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad. is committed to is vital to/for In conclusion/To conclude remarkable consequence/In consequence/Consequently As a 培优2　读后续写提能练 教材语料整合 亮词 [动作描写]　commit; boil; acknowledge; defeat; insist; flow; encounter; mourn [情感描写]　gentle; passion; extraordinary; remarkable 美句 1.Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.(人物描写) 2.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(主旨升华) 3.Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.(人物描写) 4.To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.(人物描写) 5.He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(比喻) 教材语料运用　【人物描写】 袁隆平被认为是最伟大的农业科学家之一，他于2021年5月22日在长沙与世长辞。天空下着毛毛细雨，好像在哀悼痛失这位温和而非凡的科学家。许多中国人悲痛欲绝，为之痛哭，泪水不受控制地顺着他们的脸颊流淌。他终生满怀热情地致力于研究水稻。他始终坚持自己的梦想，无论遇到什么样的困难，他都不认输。他对工作的奉献和对改善他人生活的承诺激励着我们所有人。我们都应该像袁隆平那样，努力为世界带来积极的影响。 1.___________________________________________________ (分词短语作状语)，Yuan Longping passed away in Changsha on May 22, 2021. It was drizzling 2.______________________________ ________________________________________ (虚拟语气；拟人). Overcome with sorrow, many Chinese cried their hearts out, 3.______ ____________________________________ (独立主格). Acknowledged as one of the greatest scientists in agriculture as if it were mourning the great loss of the gentle and extraordinary scientist tears flowing down their cheeks uncontrollably He 4.__________________________________________. He always insisted on his dream and wouldn’t admit defeat 5.________________ ___________________ (状语从句). His dedication to his work and 6.________________________________________ are inspirations to us all. We should all strive to make a positive impact on the world, just as Yuan Longping did. committed all his life to studying rice with passion whatever difficulties he encountered his commitment to improving the lives of others 注：下面单词词义中的铺灰部分表示该词的生义。 Ⅰ.阅读单词 1.physiology n.生理学；生理机能 2.artemisinin n.[药]青蒿素 3.malaria n.疟疾 4.extract n.提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录； 5.wormwood n.蒿；洋艾 6.substance n.物质；物品； 7.penicillin n.青霉素；盘尼西林 8.chart n.图表 vt.记录； 9.flow chart 流程图 10.relativity n.相对论；相对性 11.formula n.公式；方程式；配方 12.patent n.专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的 13.doctorate n.博士学位 14.photoelectric adj.光电的 15.institution n.社会公共机构；制度； 16.institute n.(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 17.moustache n.上唇的胡子；髭 18.peculiarity n.个性；特点；怪异的性质 Ⅱ.核心单词 1.crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的； 3.objective n.目标； adj.客观的；基于事实的 4.property n.性质；特征； 5.boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点 6.liquid n.液体 adj.液体的；液态的 7.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 8.defeat n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 9.apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 10.insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 11.mostly adv.主要地；一般地 12.flee vi.& vt.(fled, fled)迅速离开；逃跑 13.circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 21.encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n.邂逅；遭遇 22.mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤 23.remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 24.device n.；装置；仪器 25.sum vt.总结；概括 n.金额；款项；总数；总和 26.draft n.草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟 Ⅲ.拓展单词 1.commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n.投入，奉献；承诺 2.botanical adj.植物学的→botany n.植物学 3.evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n.评价；评估 4.distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n.区别；差别→distinctive adj.特别的，独特的 5.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；→acknowledgement n.(对事实、现实、存在的)承认；感谢 6.analyse(NAmE -ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n.分析 7.conclusion n.结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出 8.novelist n.小说家→novel n.(长篇)小说 9.found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n.创建；→founder n.创建者，创始人 10.politician n.政治家；从政者；政客→politics n.政治(学)→political adj.政治的 11.gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.温柔地；温和地 12.passion n.酷爱；激情→passionate adj.有激情的 13.consequence n.结果；后果→consequent adj.；作为结果的→consequently adv.结果；因此；所以 14.professor n.教授→profession n.职业，行业→professional adj.职业的；专业的 n.专业人士 15.academy n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的，学术的→academically adv.学术上，学业上 16.scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientifically adv.按科学方法→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家 $