必修3 UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY-【优化探究】2027年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦必修三Unit 5 "The Value of Money"主题，依据高考评价体系覆盖词汇（核心/拓展词）、句式（否定倒装/as if省略句）、写作（应用文/读后续写）等核心考点，通过分析高频考点分布（如词汇辨析占35%、句式运用占40%），归纳语法填空、微写作等常考题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+真题演练+素养提升”策略，如以apologise、judge等高频词为例，结合2024新课标Ⅰ卷真题讲解“道歉信模板”“部分倒装句式”，培养语言能力和思维品质，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准教学，助力高效备考。

教材复习 必修第三册 UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY 主题语境　优秀品行、正确的人生态度 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　基础知识夯实 Part 2　核心考点突破 Part 3　基础知识达标 Part 4　写作能力培优 Part 1　基础知识夯实 ★提示：速记后再做《英语词句默写本》及时巩固 ►构词法日积月累 后缀-en/前缀en-：broaden是由形容词broad(宽阔的)＋后缀-en组成，意为“变宽；(使)扩大影响”。en-可以加在形容词或名词前，使之变成动词，表示“使处于……状态；置于……之中”，如：large→enlarge, rich→enrich, danger→endanger；-en可以加在形容词或名词后，使之变成动词，表示“使成为；使变得”，如：wide→widen, short→shorten。 Ⅳ.短语词块 1.on the basis of在某事的基础上；根据某事 2.take out a loan取得贷款 3.in return作为回报；作为回应 4.make a bet打个赌 5.as a matter of fact事实上；其实；说真的 6.by accident偶然地；意外地 7.to be honest说实话；坦率地说 8.ought to应该；应当 9.be about to do sth. 即将或正要(做某事) 10.in case以防；以防万一 11.to... extent到……程度；在……程度上 12.on duty值班；值勤 13.in a... manner以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子 14.in that case既然那样；假使那样的话 15.be willing to do sth. 愿意或乐意做某事 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1.They see a poor young man walking outside their house.(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 他们看到一个贫困潦倒的年轻人正在他们的房子外面走着。 2.About a month ago, I was sailing, and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 大约一个月前，我开船出海，傍晚时我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了海上。 3.And it was the ship that brought you to England.(强调句) 是那条船把你带到了英国。 4.Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, as if looking at something he can’t believe is there.(as if引导的省略句) 然后，他折上那张钞票，又慢慢地打开，好像在看他不敢相信会在那里的东西似的。 5.I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this... (宾语从句为否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装) 记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票…… 主 题 词 汇 use 用途 daily necessities 日常必需品　education n.教育　insurance n.保险　medical/health care 医疗保健　charity n.慈善(机构)　expense n.开销　the cost of living 生活费用 attitudes to money 对金钱的态度 mean adj.吝啬的，小气的　greedy adj.贪婪的　generous adj.慷慨的，大方的　economical adj.节约的，节俭的　wasteful adj.浪费的，挥霍的 concepts 观念 establish a correct consumption concept 树立正确的消费观　advocate moderate consumption 提倡适度消费　appeal for green consumption 呼吁绿色消费　form rational spending habits 养成理性的消费习惯 主 题 佳 句 1.The most important point is that we have to realize the importance of rational consumption. 最重要的一点是，我们必须意识到理性消费的重要性。 2.Money is neither good nor bad, but it all depends on how you make use of it. 金钱本身无好坏，但这要看你怎样利用它。 3.Understanding the true meaning of wealth leads us to a more fulfilling and balanced life. 理解财富的真正含义引领我们走向更加充实和平衡的生活。 英语词句默写本 Ⅰ.回忆单词汉语意思，在不认识的词汇前面做出标记 □narrator　□obligation　□sequence　□dare □opera　□dinosaur　□odd　□clerk　□element □ambassador Ⅱ.重点单词 1._______________ n.贷款；借款 2._______________ n.(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面；景色 loan scene 3.__________ n.打赌；赌注 vi.& vt.下赌注；用……打赌 vt.敢说 4.__________ vt.看见；注意到；发现 n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹 5.___________ n.& vi.皱眉 6.___________ adv.& prep.在(或往)……下面；在……的表面之下 7.___________ vt.延迟；延期；延缓 8.___________ n.程度；限度；大小；范围 9.___________ vt.& vi.拥抱；抱紧 bet spot frown beneath postpone extent hug 10.______________ adv.最后；终于 11.______________ n.举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪 12.______________ adv.其实；实际上；当然；确实 13.______________ vt.维持；保持；维修；保养 14.______________ n.谚语；格言；警句 15.______________ adj.外部的；外面的；外来的 eventually manner indeed maintain saying external Ⅲ.拓展单词 1.___________ n.仆人；用人→___________ vt.& vi.服务→ ____________ n.服务 2.____________ vi.& vt.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行→_____________ n.航行；帆船运动→_____________ n.水手 3.____________ n.采矿；采矿业→____________ n.矿 vt.& vi.开矿；采矿→___________ n.矿工 servant　 serve service sail　 sailing sailor mining mine miner 4._____________ vt.& vi.表明；显示 vt.象征；暗示→ _____________ n.表明；显示；迹象 5._____________ n.音乐剧 adj.音乐的→_____________ n.音乐→ ______________ n.音乐家 6._____________ vt.追求；致力于→_____________ n.追求；追赶 7._____________ adj.典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的 n.常态；通常标准；一般水平→_____________ adj.不正常的；反常的 indicate indication musical　 music musician pursue　 pursuit normal abnormal 8.______________ vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→____________ n.犹豫；迟疑 9.______________ n.可选择的事物；选择；选择权→ _____________ adj.可选择的；选修的 10._____________ vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n.法官；审判员；裁判员→______________ n.判断力；评价 hesitate　 hesitation option optional judge judg(e)ment Ⅳ.构词法——后缀-en；前缀en- 写出加黑词的词性和词义 1.The bird, which had escaped from its cage, was quickly recaptured and encaged again. __________________ 2.Please enclose your signed form when submitting the English competition application. ____________ vt.关入笼中 vt.附上 3.The school will lengthen the after-class sports time to enhance students’ physical fitness. ____________ 4.We need to tighten the management of campus access to ensure students’ safety during breaks. ____________ ____________ vt.延长 vt.加强　 vt.确保 Ⅴ.核心短语 1.___________________ 在某事的基础上；根据某事 2.___________________ 作为回报；作为回应 3.___________________ 打个赌 4.___________________ 偶然地；意外地 5.___________________ 应该；应当 on the basis of in return make a bet by accident ought to 6._____________________即将或正要(做某事) 7._____________________ 以防；以防万一 8._____________________ 到……程度；在……程度上 9._____________________ 值班；值勤 10.____________________ 既然那样；假使那样的话 be about to do sth. in case to...extent on duty in that case Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Without my ______________, all of you are not _______________ to touch the equipment in the lab.(permit) 2.The Student Union ____________ to launch a campaign with the _____________ of raising people’s awareness of environmental protection.(intend) 3.My close friend ____________ to me for his unintentional mistake and I sincerely accepted his ____________.(apologise) permission　 permitted intends intention apologised apology 4.____________ from his puzzled look, we realized that we had made the wrong ______________________.(judge) 5.The boy with ____________ shoulders and wide eyes participated in the activity to ____________ his horizons.(broad) 6._________ on your current English level, you should try your best to increase your __________ knowledge on a daily _________.(base) Judging judgement/judgment broad broaden Based basic　 basis 7.For this project, we provide various delivery _____________ and the express delivery service is ___________, which means customers can choose it based on their specific needs and budget.(option) 8.Despite facing numerous challenges in the project, the team members demonstrated a strong _____________ to take on extra tasks and _________________ worked overtime to ensure its successful completion.(willing) options optional willingness willingly Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作) 单句汉语提示 1.我从未想过，一个小的误会竟会造成如此大的麻烦。(否定词位于句首的部分倒装) 2.有一天，我发现我最好的朋友汤姆看起来极度沮丧。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 3.他独自坐在教室的角落里，低着头，仿佛陷入了沉思。(as if引导的省略句) 4.就在那时，我意识到是我无意中伤害了他。(强调句) 5.为了显示自己的诚意，我立刻走近他，向他真诚地道歉，并把整个情况解释清楚。 微写作短文 1.___________________________________ a simple misunderstanding could cause such a big mess. One day, I 2._______________________________________ ___________________. He sat alone in the corner of the classroom, with his head down, 3.______________________________. It was then that I realized 4.________________________________________. To demonstrate my sincerity, I approached him immediately and 5.______________ _______________, explaining the whole situation clearly. I found him gradually soften his attitude. Seeing Tom smiling at me, I felt a great sense of relief. This experience taught me the importance of clear communication and timely apologies. Never before had I imagined that found my best friend, Tom, looking extremely upset as if lost in deep thought it was I who had hurt him unintentionally made a heartfelt apology to him Part 2　核心考点突破 1.apologise (also apologize)vi.道歉；谢罪→_____________ n.道歉 (1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉 (2)make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉 owe sb. an apology应向某人道歉 ①I really owe you an ___________________ (apologize) for not accompanying you to the gallery at our appointed time. apology apology ②我写信向你致以真诚的歉意，因为我没能如期参加你的生日聚会。(道歉信) I am writing to ____________________________________________ _________________________________ as scheduled. make a sincere apology/sincerely apologise to you for failing to attend your birthday party ③希望您能接受我的道歉并理解我的处境。如果您能允许我另安排时间,我将不胜感激。（道歉信） Hope ___________________________ and understand my situation. I would appreciate it if you could allow me to fix another time. you can accept my apology 2.judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n.法官；审判员；裁判员→_____________________ n.判断力；评价 (1)judge... by... 根据……来判断…… as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为 judging by/from... 根据……判断 (2)make a judg(e)ment on/about... 对……作出评价 ①____________ (judge) from his excited expression, he must have received some good news. judgement/judgment Judging ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)我认为，在公园里上的这堂艺术课非常有意义，我们学生从中受益很多。 _______________________________________________________, from which we students benefited a lot. ③我从这次经历中意识到：永远不要以貌取人，因为真正的美来自内心。(主旨升华) I realized from this experience that ___________________________ _____________________________________, for true beauty comes from the inside. As far as I can judge, the art class in the park was very meaningful never judge people by their appearances/never judge a book by its cover 3.spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹 (1)spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 be spotted with... 满是……的斑点 (2)on the spot当场；立即；在现场 ①Seeing the scene, everyone ______ the spot felt so terrified, and their eyes were wild with terror. on ②当我走过邻居家时，我看见他正在后院里做园艺工作，他的双手熟练地挥舞着铲子。 ___________________________________________ as I walked past his house, his hands skillfully wielding the shovel. ③我们躺在草地上，凝视着闪烁着星星的夜空。(环境描写) We lay on the grass, staring at the night sky _____________________ _________________. I spotted my neighbor gardening in his backyard (which was) spotted with twinkling stars 4.hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→______________ n.犹豫；迟疑→______________ adj.犹豫的；不情愿的 (1)hesitate about/over... 对……犹豫 hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事，不愿做某事 (2)without hesitation毫不犹豫地 ①I’m hesitating _______________ whether to accept the job offer, as it means moving to another city. hesitation hesitant about/over ②每当我遇到麻烦时，你都会毫不犹豫地来帮助我。我无法用语言来表达我对你的感激。 Whenever I am in trouble, you will come to my assistance ____________________. Words fail to express my gratitude to you. ③如果还有什么我能为你做的，请不要犹豫，直接告诉我。(建议信) If there is something else I can do for you, ______________________ __________. without hesitation please don’t hesitate to tell me 5.manner n.举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪 in a(n)... manner用一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子 It is good/bad manners to do sth. 做某事是有/没有礼貌的。 table manners餐桌礼仪 ①He solved the problem ______ a creative manner, coming up with an innovative solution. in ②当你拜访一个中国朋友的时候，带礼物是有礼貌的。吃饭时，你也应该注意你的餐桌礼仪。(中国礼仪) ______________________________ when you visit a Chinese friend. At dinner, _______________________________________________. It’s good manners to bring a gift you should also pay attention to your table manners 6.permit vt.& vi.准许；允许；使有可能 n.许可证→ _____________ n.准许；许可；批准；许可证 (1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit (doing) sth. 允许(做)某事 (2)with/without (one’s) permission得到/未经(某人的)允许 ①Much to my disappointment, the security guards didn’t permit my ___________ (bring) a camera. permission bringing ②未经允许，任何人不得在博物馆内对展品拍照。(通知) No one ___________________________ the exhibits in the museum _______________________. ③如果天气允许，比赛将于本周五下午2点至5点在学校体育场举行。 ___________________________________, the competition will be held in the school stadium from 2 p.m. to 5 p. m. this Friday. is permitted to take photos of without permission Weather permitting/If weather permits 7.in return 作为回报；作为回应 in return for... 作为对……的回报；作为……的报酬 in turn轮流， 依次；相应地，转而 by turns轮流；时而……时而…… ①In silence they walked back down the stairs. Hope, despair and fear tugged at them ______ turns. 希望、绝望和恐惧折磨着他们 by ②Increased production will, ______ turn, lead to increased profits. ③我希望我能有机会做点什么事来报答你对我的善意。(情感描写) I hope __________________________________________________ _________________. in I can have the opportunity to do something in return for your kindness to me 1.scene The movie opens with a scene① of a girl who stands by the lakeside enjoying the serene scene②： gentle waves lapping against the shore. ①_______________　②______________ n.场面，场景　 n.景色，风光 2.spot The moment I spotted① the ink spots② on the bag, I realized it was the same one that I had lost. I asked the boy on the spot③ where he got it, but he kept silent. ①____________________　②____________　③____________ vt.看见；注意到　 n.污迹 n.地点 3.tailor The skilled tailor① tailored② a suit for me with great care, ensuring every detail perfectly fit my body and style preferences. ①____________　②__________________ n.裁缝　 vt.专门制作 4.It is a fact that getting a work permit in the UK is not always easy. 生义：_______________ 熟义：vt.& vi.允许 5.It is reported that the police have uncovered a plot to kidnap the boss of the big company. 生义：______________ 熟义：n.故事情节 n.许可证 n.阴谋 否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装 [教材原句]　I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this... 记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票…… (1)当含有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装语序，即：否定词/短语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语＋其他部分。 (2)这样的词或短语有： 全部否定意义副词：never/not/neither/nor/nowhere等。 部分否定意义副词：hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/little等。 “决不”短语：at no time/by no means/in no case/in no way/on no condition/on no account/in no sense等。 ①You should in no sense give up halfway; keep trying and you will succeed sooner or later. →____________________________________; keep trying and you will succeed sooner or later.(倒装句) ②这次活动不仅加强了我们学生之间的友谊，而且帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。 _________________________________________________________________, but it also assisted us to build a positive attitude towards life. In no sense should you give up halfway Not only did the activity strengthen the friendship among us students ③从这次事件中我领悟到决不能向困难屈服，决不能放弃我们的梦想。(主旨升华) I learned from the incident that in no case/way __________________ __________ and on no account/condition ______________________ __________. should we give in to difficulties should we give up our dreams Part 3　基础知识达标 Ⅰ.语境填空 1.Let’s postpone ___________ (make) the final decision until we have more information and discuss further. 2.I plan to take exercise on a regular ___________ (base) from now on with the intention of staying healthy. 3.___________ (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we can’t judge a man by his appearance. 4.I was about to go to sleep ____________ there was a knock on the door. How frightening it was! making basis Judging when 5.Mike jumped off the bicycle without any _____________ (hesitate), dashed to the back door and slammed the door heavily. 6.He could not escape the massed ranks of newsmen who spotted him ____________ (cross) the lawn. 7.Whenever I made mistakes, my teacher always pointed them out ____________ patience. hesitation crossing with 8.We sincerely appreciate your _______________ (willing) to engage with us and eagerly await your positive response. 9.We offer a good education to our students and _______ return, we expect students to work hard. 10.I am eager to travel alone this summer vacation but I need to get _____________ (permit) from my parents. willingness in permission Ⅱ.完成句子 1.我写信是投诉你的服务员差劲的服务，他用粗鲁的方式招待我。 I’m writing to make a complaint about the poor service of your waiter who _______________________________. 2.我从来没有经历过这样的事情，因此他的行为让我当场大发雷霆。 Never before _____________________________, so his behaviour made me explode with anger ______________. treated me in a rude manner had I experienced such a matter on the spot 3.我希望你能认真调查此事，并向我正式道歉。 I’d like you to investigate the matter seriously and _______________ __________________. 4.关于保持你的身材，我建议，如果时间允许，你应该每天至少做30分钟的瑜伽练习。 As for keeping your figure, I suggest that ___________________, you should do yoga exercise at least 30 minutes every day. 5.如果您有更多的问题或需要更多的信息，请毫不犹豫地问我。 Please do not ____________________ if you have more questions or require more information. make a formal apology to me if time permits hesitate to ask me Part 4　写作能力培优 培优1　应用文增分练 ——电影介绍 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 The Million Pound Bank Note is one of the most famous movies ①_____________________________________________ (电影的主要角色是一个名叫亨利的年轻人；定语从句). Because of an accident, he became penniless. But fortunately, a couple of rich gentlemen ②___________________ (在他身上打赌) and gave him a million-pound bank note. Everyone looked down upon him and whose leading character is a young man named Henry made a bet on him treated him ③_______________(用一种粗鲁的方式) when he was thought penniless. However, the moment they saw the million-pound bank note, they changed their attitude completely, ④ _____________ ___________ (乐意为他服务). The movie sends a message that in a rude manner willing to serve him ⑤_____________________________________________ (我们永远不要以貌取人；部分倒装). If time permits (用独立主格升级黑体部分：⑥_____________________), I would rather all of you watched it. This educational and moving movie is well worthy of appreciation for many times. never should we judge a person by his appearance Time permitting 培优2　读后续写提能练 教材语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　patient; patience; patiently; impatient; odd; normal; be willing to do sth. [动作描写]　apologise; ignore; judge; make a bet; spot; postpone; hug; pursue; hesitate; tailor; frown; maintain; permit 美句 1.They see a poor young man walking outside their house.(动作描写) 2.We know you’re hard-working.(人物描写) 3.Henry is walking along the street holding the bank note in his hand.(动作描写) 4.The clerk drops Henry’s coat. Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, as if looking at something he can’t believe is there.(动作描写＋比喻) 教材语料运用　【助人(一)】 由于我的手机没电了，我只得向陌生人寻求帮助。我看见一位美丽的女士，满怀希望地向她走去。她故意不理我，大步从我身边走过，好像我是个怪物。接着，一位宽肩膀、看上去很不耐烦的穿着廉价的T恤和脏兮兮的牛仔裤的男士似乎注意到了我。他毫不犹豫地拿出了手机并乐意帮助我。他的眼睛里闪烁着善意。“非常感谢！因为我以貌取人，我必须向您道歉！”他只是咧嘴笑了笑。 With my cell phone dead, I had to ask strangers for help. I spotted a beautiful woman, 1._________________________ (分词短语作状语). She ignored me on purpose and strode past me 2._____________ ______________ (虚拟语气). Then an impatient-looking man with approaching her hopefully as if I were an odd creature broad shoulders, 3._________________________________ (分词短语作定语), seemed to notice me. He didn’t hesitate to take out his phone and 4._____________________.Dancing in his eyes was the kindness. “Thanks a lot！I must 5.___________________________ _______________________________________.” He just grinned. wearing a cheap T­-shirt and dirty jeans was willing to assist me apologise/make an apology to you for judging you by your appearance 注：下面单词词义中的铺灰部分表示该词的生义。 Ⅰ.阅读单词 1.narrator　　　　n.(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者；讲述者； 2.narration n.叙述；讲述； 3.consulate n.领事馆 4.obligation n.义务；职责；责任 5.sequence n.顺序；一系列 6.dare vi.& modal v.胆敢；敢于 7.opera n.歌剧 8.dinosaur n.恐龙 9.odd adj.奇怪的；怪异的；；奇数的； 10.clerk n.职员；文书；店员 11.element n.要素； 12.ambassador n.大使；使节； 13.stair n.楼梯；梯级 14.upper-class adj.上流社会的；上等阶层的 15.the upper class 上流社会；上等阶层 Ⅱ.核心单词 1.loan n.贷款；借款 2.plastic n.塑料 adj.塑料制的；塑料的 3.scene n.；现场；场面，场景； 景色， 4.bet n.打赌；赌注 (bet, bet)vi.& vt.下赌注；用……打赌 5.spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n.地点；处所；斑点； 6.frown n.& vi.皱眉 7.sort n.种类；类别 8.beneath adv.& prep.在(或往)……下面；在……的表面之下 9.postpone vt.延迟；延期；延缓 10.nowhere adv.无处；哪里都不 11.extent n.程度；限度；大小；范围 12.hug vt.& vi.拥抱；抱紧 13.duty n.责任；义务；职责； 14.eventually adv.最后；终于 15.tailor n.(男装)裁缝 vt.；定做 16.manner n.举止；行为方式；方法； [pl.]礼貌；礼仪 17.downstairs adv.顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下 18.aside adv.到旁边；在旁边；留；存 19.indeed adv.其实；实际上；当然；确实 20.plot n.故事情节；布局； 21.upper adj.上面的；上层的；靠上部的 22.maintain vt.维持；保持；维修；保养 23.saying n.谚语；格言；警句 24.external adj.外部的；外面的；外来的 Ⅲ.拓展单词 1.basis n.基础；根据；基点→base n.基础；根基； vt.以……为基础/据点→basic adj.基础的；基本的→basically adv.基本上；总的说来 2.apologise (also apologize) vi.道歉；谢罪→apology n.道歉 3.ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorance n.无知；愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的 4.judge vt.& vi.评价；；判断 n.；审判员；裁判员→judg(e)ment n.判断力；评价 5.servant n.仆人；用人→serve vt.& vi.服务→service n.服务 6.sail vi.& vt.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行→sailing n.航行；帆船运动→sailor n.水手 7.mining n.采矿；采矿业→mine n.矿 vt.& vi.开矿，采矿→miner n.矿工 8.patience n.耐心；忍耐力；毅力→patient adj.耐心的 n.病人→patiently adv.有耐心地→impatiently adv.没有耐心地 9.indicate vt.& vi.表明；显示 vt.；暗示→indication n.表明；显示； 10.intention n.打算；计划；意图；目的→intend vt.& vi.打算；计划 vt.意指 11.musical adj.音乐的→music n.音乐→musician n.音乐家 12.pursue vt.追求；致力于→pursuit n.追求；追赶 13.hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→hesitation n.犹豫；迟疑 14.option n.可选择的事物；选择；选择权→optional adj.可选择的 15.normal adj.；正常的；一般的； n.常态；通常标准；一般水平→abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的 16.willing adj.愿意；乐意→willingly adv.乐意地→unwilling adj.不愿意的；勉强的→willingness n.乐意；自愿 17.permission n.准许；许可；批准；许可证→permit vt.& vi.允许；准许；使有可能 18.broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的；→broaden vi.变宽 vt.& vi.(使)扩大影响→broadly adv.大体上； $