Unit 1 Friendship（重难词汇精练）-2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** 以词汇为核心，分层设计从基础记忆到语篇应用，构建“词汇-语境-语篇”三阶巩固路径，适配单元复习需求，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|核心词汇拼写、词性转换|汉译英直接考查单词记忆，词汇拓展通过friend→friendly→friendship等词形变化强化构词法| |词汇语境练|词汇在单句/语境中的语法应用|语法填空结合比较级（slimmer）、情感形容词（scared），完成句子考查“与某人和睦相处”等短语运用| |词汇语篇练|词汇在语篇中的综合运用与意义理解|选词填空通过短文选择朋友品质词汇（honest, humorous），阅读理解结合主题语境考查energetic等词义推断|

Unit 1 Friendship 词汇专项过关 （满分100分 建议用时40分钟） 一、汉译英（本大题共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 根据下列中文提示，写出正确的英文单词或短语。 1. 友谊 ____________ 2. 诚实的 ____________ 3. 幽默的 ____________ 4. 快乐的；乐观的 ____________ 5. 关心他人的，体贴人的 ____________ 6. 笑话，玩笑 ____________ 7. 笑，发笑 ____________ 8. 秘密 (n.) ____________ 9. 座位 ____________ 10. 鼓励 ____________ 11. 理解 ____________ 12. 精力充沛的 ____________ 13. 有耐心的 ____________ 14. 体贴的 ____________ 15. 与某人和睦相处 ____________ 二、词汇拓展（本大题共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分） 用所给词的正确形式填空，每空一词。 1. friend → ______ (n. 朋友) → ______ (adj. 友好的) → ______ (n. 友谊) 2. care → ______ (v./n. 关心) → ______ (adj. 细心的) → ______ (adj. 粗心的) 3. help → ______ (v./n. 帮助) → ______ (adj. 有帮助的) → ______ (adj. 无助的) 4. use → ______ (v./n. 使用) → ______ (adj. 有用的) → ______ (adj. 无用的) 5. hope → ______ (n./v. 希望) → ______ (adj. 有希望的) → ______ (adj. 无望的) 6. humour → ______ (n. 幽默) → ______ (adj. 幽默的) → ______ (adj. 无幽默感的) 7. thought → ______ (n. 想法) → ______ (adj. 体贴的) → ______ (adj. 欠考虑的) 8. cheer → ______ (n./v. 欢呼) → ______ (adj. 快乐的) → ______ (adv. 快乐地) 三、用所给词的适当形式填空（本大题共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1. My best friend is always ______ (honest). He never tells lies. 2. Max is very ______ (humour). He often tells funny jokes. 3. Betty is the ______ (help) person in our class. 4. Max is ______ (tall) than any other boy in our class. 5. I feel ______ (bore) when I have nothing to do. 6. Joan is a ______ (cheer) girl and always looks on the bright side. 7. We should be ______ (patience) when our friends are in trouble. 8. This advice is very ______ (use). 9. Without friends, life can be ______ (hope). 10. The ______ (care) boy lost his schoolbag again. 11. Daniel is ______ (hard-working) than before. 12. Joan is the ______ (kind) friend I have ever had. 13. True friends always ______ (courage) each other. 14. After talking with her, I feel much ______ (good). 15. I can ______ (understand) why you feel so sad. 四、单词拼写（本大题共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 根据中文提示及所给字母，写出正确的单词。 1. 朋友 fr__nd 2. 友谊 fr__ndship 3. 诚实的 h__est 4. 快乐的；乐观的 ch__rful 5. 幽默的 h__orous 6. 笑话 j__e 7. 笑，发笑 l__gh 8. 座位 s__t 9. 鼓励 enc__rage 10. 理解 und__rstand 11. 精力充沛的 en__rgetic 12. 有耐心的 p__ient 13. 体贴的 th__ghtful 14. 勇敢的 br__ve 15. 秘密 s__ret 五、完成句子（本大题共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 每空一词，按括号中的中文提示完成句子。 1. My best friend is very ______ (诚实的). He never tells lies. 2. Betty always gives up her ______ (座位) to someone in need. 3. Max often tells jokes and makes us ______ (笑). 4. When I feel ______ (情绪低落), my friend cheers me up. 5. True friends should ______ (支持) each other. 6. Joan is ______ (比……高) than me. 7. We should learn to ______ ______ ______ (与……和睦相处) our classmates. 8. A good friend is a good ______ (倾听者). 9. Please keep it ______ (秘密). Don't tell others. 10. ______ (勇敢) enough to talk to new people. 六、语法填空（本大题共10空；每空1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 A Betty and Max are good friends. Betty is 1.______ (slim) than most girls in her class. Her hair is 2.______ (long) than mine. She is the 3.______ (help) student in our class. Max is the 4.______ (tall) boy in our class. He is also 5.______ (humour) than many of his classmates. B Two friends were walking in a forest. They were very 1.______ (scare) when they saw a bear. One friend was 2.______ (hope); he quickly climbed up a tree. The other one felt 3.______ (help) because he could not fight the bear. He lay down and pretended to be 4.______ (die). Luckily, the bear did not 5.______ (attack) him. 七、选词填空（本大题共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。每词限用一次。 方框词语：honest helpful cheerful humorous listener careful patient thoughtful brave useful A good friend should be ______1______ — he or she never tells lies. He or she should also be ______2______ and ready to help others. A ______3______ friend always smiles and looks on the bright side. It is also nice to have a friend who is ______4______ and can make you laugh. When you have something on your mind, a good ______5______ will listen to you ______6______. A good friend should be ______7______ and not get angry easily. He or she should also be ______8______ and care about your feelings. Be ______9______ enough to make new friends. In this way, you can get ______10______ help and support. 八、阅读理解（本大题共2篇；满分8分） A Betty and Max are best friends, but they are very different. Betty is a slim girl with big bright eyes. She usually wears her hair in a ponytail. She is kind and helpful. She always gives up her seat on the bus to someone in need. She often helps her classmates with their schoolwork. Betty is also trustworthy. When something worries her friends, they always go to her. She listens carefully and understands them well. Max is the tallest boy in the class—almost 1.8 metres tall. He wears small round glasses. He has a great sense of humour. He often tells jokes and makes everyone laugh. Max is energetic and active. He stays active by doing sport and never seems to get tired. He is also cheerful. When his friends feel like giving up, he encourages them to keep trying. 1. What does Betty look like? A. She is tall and wears glasses. B. She is slim with big bright eyes. C. She is the tallest girl in the class. D. She has short hair. 2. Why do Betty's friends go to her when they are worried? A. Because she is funny. B. Because she is trustworthy. C. Because she is the tallest. D. Because she is energetic. 3. What does Max often do to make others laugh? A. He does sport. B. He tells jokes. C. He gives up his seat. D. He listens carefully. 4. The underlined word "energetic" in the passage probably means ______. A. 精力充沛的 B. 无聊的 C. 难过的 D. 害怕的 B Making friends is an important part of school life. Some students feel lonely because they do not know how to make new friends. Here are some useful ways. First, be brave. Smile and say hello to someone new. Do not be afraid to start a conversation. Second, be a good listener. Listen to others carefully and nod from time to time. Third, be kind and caring. Try to understand your friends' feelings. When they are sad, cheer them up. Fourth, join a club. You can meet people with the same interests there. If you follow these suggestions, you will make more friends and your school life will be more colourful. 1. Why do some students feel lonely according to the passage? A. They have too many friends. B. They don't know how to make friends. C. They don't like clubs. D. They are not brave. 2. What should you do when your friend is sad? A. Leave him or her alone. B. Cheer him or her up. C. Tell jokes only. D. Nod your head. 3. Which is NOT mentioned as a way to make friends? A. Smiling at new people. B. Joining a club. C. Telling lies. D. Listening carefully. 4. The underlined word "colourful" in the last sentence means ______. A. 无聊的 B. 丰富多彩的 C. 黑暗的 D. 安静的 表1 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 表2 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 单词 单词 单词 n. 友谊 n. 幽默感 adj. 诚实的 phr. 保守秘密 adj. 幽默的 phr. 与……和睦相处 adj. 快乐的；乐观的 phr. 使振作 n. 秘密 phr. 看到光明的一面 v. 鼓励 phr. 有心事 adj. 有耐心的 phr. 放弃 adj. 体贴的 phr. 不断尝试 n. 倾听者 phr. 害怕做…… adj. 精力充沛的 phr. 有点儿 参考答案 一、汉译英 1. friendship；2. honest；3. humorous；4. cheerful；5. caring；6. joke；7. laugh；8. secret；9. seat；10. encourage；11. understand；12. energetic；13. patient；14. thoughtful；15. get along with sb. 二、词汇拓展 1. friend → friend (n. 朋友) → friendly (adj. 友好的) → friendship (n. 友谊) 2. care → care (v./n. 关心) → careful (adj. 细心的) → careless (adj. 粗心的) 3. help → help (v./n. 帮助) → helpful (adj. 有帮助的) → helpless (adj. 无助的) 4. use → use (v./n. 使用) → useful (adj. 有用的) → useless (adj. 无用的) 5. hope → hope (n./v. 希望) → hopeful (adj. 有希望的) → hopeless (adj. 无望的) 6. humour → humour (n. 幽默) → humorous (adj. 幽默的) → humourless (adj. 无幽默感的) 7. thought → thought (n. 想法) → thoughtful (adj. 体贴的) → thoughtless (adj. 欠考虑的) 8. cheer → cheer (n./v. 欢呼) → cheerful (adj. 快乐的) → cheerfully (adv. 快乐地) 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 【答案】1. honest；2. humorous；3. most helpful；4. taller；5. bored；6. cheerful；7. patient；8. useful；9. hopeless；10. careless；11. more hard-working；12. kindest；13. encourage；14. better；15. understand 考点点拨：本题主要考查形容词比较级/最高级、-ed 形容词以及 -ful/-less 后缀的词形变化，注意结合句意判断词义褒贬。 四、单词拼写 【答案】1. friend；2. friendship；3. honest；4. cheerful；5. humorous；6. joke；7. laugh；8. seat；9. encourage；10. understand；11. energetic；12. patient；13. thoughtful；14. brave；15. secret 五、完成句子 【答案】1. honest；2. seat；3. laugh；4. down；5. support；6. taller；7. get along with；8. listener；9. secret；10. Be brave 六、语法填空 A篇 【答案】1. slimmer；2. longer；3. most helpful；4. tallest；5. more humorous 考点点拨：形容词比较级和最高级要注意规则变化（直接加 -er/-est）与多音节词前加 more/most 的区别。 B篇 【答案】1. scared；2. hopeless；3. helpless；4. dead；5. attack 考点点拨：-ed 形容词常描述人的感受；-ful/-less 后缀可快速改变词义，注意根据上下文选择肯定或否定含义。 七、选词填空 【答案】1. honest 2. helpful 3. cheerful 4. humorous 5. listener 6. carefully 7. patient 8. thoughtful 9. brave 10. useful 考点点拨：选词填空需先判断空格词性，再结合上下文语义；注意词库中的词可能需要根据语法变形成副词等形式。 八、阅读理解 A篇 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A B篇 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 考点点拨：阅读理解以细节定位为主，答题时应回归原文找依据；词义猜测题可借助上下文语境和近义词/反义词线索。 表1 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 表2 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 单词 单词 单词 friendship n. 友谊 sense of humour n. 幽默感 honest adj. 诚实的 keep secrets phr. 保守秘密 humorous adj. 幽默的 get along with phr. 与……和睦相处 cheerful adj. 快乐的；乐观的 cheer up phr. 使振作 secret n. 秘密 look on the bright side phr. 看到光明的一面 encourage v. 鼓励 have something on one's mind phr. 有心事 patient adj. 有耐心的 give up phr. 放弃 thoughtful adj. 体贴的 keep trying phr. 不断尝试 listener n. 倾听者 be afraid to phr. 害怕做…… energetic adj. 精力充沛的 a little bit phr. 有点儿 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $