Unit 8 课时6 Section B 3a -3c（分层作业）英语新教材鲁教版五四制九年级全一册

**基本信息** 本练习以“Reduce, Reuse, Recycle”为主题，通过A/B/C组及拓展四层设计，实现从基础词汇句型到中考综合应用的渐进式巩固，兼顾语言能力培养与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组 巩固过关|核心词汇（如harmful、bin）、基础句型（not...because...）|通过单词/词组默写、句子填空夯实基础，对应语言能力中的基础表达| |B组 能力进阶|语篇理解、逻辑衔接|阅读理解（塑料利弊分析）+七选五（鲸鱼与碳循环），训练信息筛选与逻辑思维，体现思维品质| |C组 思维拔高|综合语用、深层分析|完形填空（海洋保护）+阅读填空（水滴寓言），融合词汇、语法与主题意义，提升学习能力| |拓展 链接中考|中考题型实战|情境问答+书面表达（挫折应对），对接真实考试场景，培养跨文化沟通与应试能力，渗透文化意识|

Unit 8 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 课时6 Section B (3a-3c) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________把……冲到陆地上；洗刷 2. ___________垃圾箱；（有盖）大容器 句型 1.海滩不再是休闲的好去处，因为这里到处都是垃圾。  The beach is ______________ a nice place to spend time at ___________ it is covered in waste. 2. 人们也应当尽量自带水瓶和袋子，以此减少垃圾的产生。  People should also try to bring their own bottles and bags _________ there is less rubbish. 一、单词默写。 1. 描述；说明 n. ________________________ 2. 有害的 ________________________ 3. 导致；造成 ________________________ 4. 垃圾箱；（有盖）大容器 ___________ 二、词组默写。 1. 不再被包裹 ________________________ 2. 鼓励某人做某事 ________________________ 3. 以便；为了 ________________________ 4. 有害影响 ________________________ 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 我们对本市海滩糟糕的状况深感担忧。  We are deeply________________ the poor condition of our city's beach. 2. 鸟类和海洋动物有时会被塑料袋困住，更糟糕的是，还会把塑料袋当作食物吞食。  Birds and sea animals sometimes get trapped by plastic bags,_______________ , eat them as food. 3. 我们需要在问题进一步恶化之前采取行动。  We need to______________ before the problem gets worse. 一、阅读理解。（Reading plus改编） Plastic is one of the most useful materials in the world. It provides many benefits to our lives because it is cheap and convenient. For example, two or three hundred years ago, clothes were quite expensive, so many people only had one or two sets of clothes to wear. Now, with plastics like nylon and polyester, clothes have become much cheaper. Plastic can also be used to replace other things that are rare or valuable. For example, things like piano keys, which were once made from ivory, are now usually made from plastic. This saved the lives of many elephants. However, while plastic has many benefits, it also causes lots of problems. Some plastic is so strong that it takes more than 400 years to break down before returning safely to the environment. When plastic is put in a landfill, the harmful materials inside can get into the soil and water underground. When plastic rubbish is burnt, it fills the air with harmful gas. Another problem is that plastic rubbish is often thrown on the ground. Rain washes that rubbish into the rivers. From there, it is swept out to the sea. Sea animals can get caught in it or hurt by it. Worse yet, sometimes fish eat the plastic as food, and it gets into their bodies. When the fish get to our dining table, the plastic could get into humans' bodies and harm our health. What can we do about these problems? The best solution, for now, is to use less plastic. For example, bring your own reusable bag when shopping. Buy products, such as clothing and toothbrushes, made of natural materials. Avoid buying products with plastic packaging. Say no to single‑use plastic items—plastic spoons and forks, plastic food containers and straws, etc. While plastic is convenient and useful, in the end, most of it will last longer on our planet than we will. Let us not leave this problem to our future generations when we can deal with it now. 1. The word “rare” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. Unusual B. cheap C. simple D. daily 2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. The good points of plastic materials. B. Different problems brought by plastic. C. Advice on cutting down plastic use. D. Warnings about sea‑animal protection. 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A. Plastic will disappear soon on Earth. B. We should solve plastic problems at present. C. Future generations can solve plastic problems easily. D. Plastic is useless and we must give it up completely. 4. How does plastic harm people’s health? A. Plastic waste causes terrible fires in people’s houses. B. People take in plastic by eating fish that have eaten plastic. C. Plastic makes the soil too poor to grow vegetables. D. Plastic rubbish pollutes people’s drinking water directly. 5.  What is the suitable title for the passage? A. The benefits of plastic B. The Problem with Plastic C. Ways to Cut Down Plastic D. Sea Animals and Plastic Pollution 二、阅读七选五 Climate change is threatening (威胁) our future as more and more greenhouse gases like CO₂ are collecting in the air and heating up the planet. To fight against the problem, scientists have suggested whales (鲸鱼) as a solution. 1 Whales remove (去除) carbon from the air in two ways. First, they move nutrients (营养物) from their eating areas deep in the ocean back to the surface, where they let go of them in their waste. 2 Second, whales themselves collect CO₂ in their bodies when they eat other animals. The total amount of the gas adds up to about 33 tons over a whale’s lifetime. When whales die, they take all that carbon with them down to the ocean floor. At one time, millions of whales were in the world’s oceans. Unluckily, whaling between the 1600s and the mid-1900s brought many whales to death. 3 Many whales have been saved, but the huge animals still face serious dangers. Whales are influenced by pollution from chemicals (化学制品), noise, and lots of plastics that end up in the oceans. 4 If the whale population increases to what it was before whaling, whales could take in about 1.7 billion tons of CO₂ each year. Compare this to the high costs needed to plant forests for taking in CO₂ and you will see why whales might be an amazing solution. 5 However, it’s worth fighting for. A．It might be difficult to realize. B．To protect whales is to protect the earth. C．It turns out that whales are excellent at controlling CO₂. D．These huge whales are important to the future health of our planet. E．In the 1970s, careful management of whaling began. F．Whales can not only take in CO₂ but also keep the whole ocean system balanced. G．Those nutrients help the growth of plants which take in CO₂ from the air. 一、阅读理解 A Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the ocean, harming marine life and polluting the water. To solve this problem, a 19-year-old Dutch inventor named Boyan Slat came up with a brilliant idea: the Ocean Cleanup Project. The project uses a long, floating barrier that is placed in the ocean to collect plastic waste. The barrier is shaped like a “V” and moves slowly with the ocean currents. As plastic floats on the water’s surface, it is guided into the center of the barrier and collected. Special ships then come to take the plastic away for recycling. The first successful test of the system took place in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, an area in the ocean where plastic waste has gathered for many years. During the test, the system successfully caught plastic pieces as small as 1 centimeter. This was an important step forward because most systems can only catch large pieces of plastic. Boyan Slat started the Ocean Cleanup Project when he was only 16 years old. Now, his team has hundreds of engineers and volunteers working together to clean the oceans. They hope to remove 90% of the ocean plastic by 2040. However, Slat also says that cleaning the ocean is not enough. We must also stop plastic from entering the ocean in the first place. He calls on people to reduce single-use plastics and support recycling programs. “Technology can help,” he says, “but everyone’s effort is needed to truly solve this problem.” 1．What is the purpose of the Ocean Cleanup Project? A．To catch fish in the ocean. B．To collect plastic waste in the ocean. C．To test new ships in the ocean. D．To study ocean currents. 2．How does the floating barrier collect plastic waste? A．It uses special ships to push plastic into the center. B．It moves quickly to catch plastic before it sinks. C．It uses a “V”-shaped barrier to guide plastic into the center. D．It attracts plastic with magnets. 3．Where did the first successful test of the system take place? A．In the Atlantic Ocean. B．In the Indian Ocean. C．In the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. D．In the Mediterranean Sea. 4．What does Boyan Slat call on people to do besides cleaning the ocean? A．To stop using all kinds of plastic. B．To stop plastic from entering the ocean in the first place. C．To build more barriers in the ocean. D．To become engineers and join his team. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A young inventor’s project to clean up ocean plastic. B．The dangers of plastic waste to marine life. C．How to recycle plastic waste. D．The life story of Boyan Slat. B Have you ever thought about what happens to your old mobile phone when you throw it away? Most people don’t. But electronic waste, or e-waste, is one of the fastest-growing types of waste in the world. A mobile phone contains many valuable materials like gold, silver, and copper. It also contains harmful materials like lead and mercury. When e-waste is thrown in landfills, these harmful materials can leak into the soil and water, causing serious pollution. Meanwhile, the valuable materials are lost. In some countries, e-waste is sent to developing countries where workers, including children, take it apart by hand to get the valuable metals. They often work without proper protection, breathing in toxic fumes. This is dangerous for their health. But there is a better way. Many companies now have recycling programmes. They collect old phones, take them apart safely, and reuse the materials. Some companies even design phones that are easier to repair and recycle. As consumers, we can help too. Don’t throw away old electronics. Take them to proper recycling centres. If your phone still works, consider donating it or selling it. Before buying a new phone, ask yourself if you really need one. 6．What does a mobile phone contain according to the text? A．Only valuable materials. B．Only harmful materials. C．Both valuable and harmful materials. D．Neither valuable nor harmful materials. 7．What happens when e-waste is thrown in landfills? A．It becomes more valuable. B．Harmful materials can leak into soil and water. C．It is taken to developing countries. D．Workers take it apart safely. 8．How do workers in some developing countries deal with e-waste? A．They recycle it safely with machines. B．They take it apart by hand without proper protection. C．They send it back to rich countries. D．They burn it in open air. 9．What does the writer suggest we do as consumers? A．Throw old phones in the rubbish bin. B．Buy a new phone every year. C．Take old electronics to proper recycling centres. D．Send e-waste to developing countries. 10．What is the main idea of the text? A．Mobile phones are harmful to humans. B．E-waste is a growing problem and we should deal with it properly. C．Developing countries should stop receiving e-waste. D．Companies should stop making mobile phones. 二、完形填空 The ocean covers most of our planet, but it is in 1 . Human activities have caused great damage to marine ecosystems. Plastic pollution, overfishing, and climate change are all 2 the health of the ocean. Plastic waste is one of the 3 problems. Every year, millions of tons of plastic 4 the ocean. This plastic 5 marine animals that mistake it for food. Some animals get caught in plastic waste and 6 . Overfishing is 7 serious problem. Fishing boats are catching fish 8 quickly that many species cannot recover. This is destroying the balance of marine ecosystems. Without action, the 9 of the ocean will continue to decline. Climate change is also 10 the ocean. Rising temperatures cause coral reefs to 11 . Many marine animals 12 depend on coral reefs for shelter are losing their homes. There is still hope, 13 . If we take action now, we can protect the ocean. We can reduce our use of plastics, support sustainable fishing, and 14 our carbon footprint. The future of the ocean 15 on us. 1．A．balance B．danger C．order D．control 2．A．improving B．damaging C．protecting D．creating 3．A．smallest B．biggest C．newest D．oldest 4．A．appears B．disappears C．enters D．leaves 5．A．helps B．feeds C．saves D．harms 6．A．live B．die C．grow D．fly 7．A．other B．others C．another D．the other 8．A．so B．such C．too D．very 9．A．beauty B．size C．health D．depth 10．A．affecting B．improving C．ignoring D．helping 11．A．grow B．recover C．die D．appear 12．A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 13．A．but B．because C．however D．unless 14．A．increase B．reduce C．forget D．double 15．A．depends B．decides C．counts D．calls 三、阅读填空 There was once a large bottle of fresh, clean water. Every drop in the bottle took 1 (proud) in being so clear and pure (纯净的). But one day, one of the 2 (drop) got bored. He would like to see what it would be like to be a dirty drop. The other drops tried to talk him out of the idea, but failed. When the drop came back all dirty, all the other drops in the bottle were influenced and changed into dirty drops, too. Several months later, someone put the bottle in a pool. A lot of clean water entered the large bottle, and the drops 3 (final) made themselves pure again. Now the drops reach 4 agreement that if they want to be clean, then each of them will have to stay clean. 5 (correct) the mistake of even one single drop needs much hard work. In a way, this bottle of water is similar 6 the situation on the Earth. If we want to live on a clean planet, it’s necessary for each of 7 (we) to be a “clean drop”. 8 (whenever) someone or a country becomes a “dirty drop” and pollutes the air or the ocean, the whole Earth will become a bit 9 (dirty) than before. The same may also happen to you and your class. If you want your class to be excellent, then each of you will need 10 (value) the rules and behave (表现) well. Are you a “clean drop”? 一、情境运用 （2026· 济南高新区中考一模） 根据所提供的图片，用一个完整的句子提问或应答。 1. A: What’s this? B: ________________________________________________ 2. A: What did you do last weekend? B: ________________________________________________ 3. A: ________________________________________________ B: Because she thinks they’re cute. 4. A: Lily, why didn’t you answer my call at eight last night? B: ________________________________________________ 5. A: ________________________________________________ B: Yes, he has. He visited there last year. 二、书面表达 （2026· 济南高新区中考一模） 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom在邮件中说他最近在学习中遇到很多困难，感到很沮丧，想要放弃。请你给他回一封邮件，要点包括： 1. 谈谈你对挫折的看法； 2. 给出你的建议。 参考词汇：frustration 挫折 要求： (1) 100词左右； (2) 文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear Tom, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua $ Unit 8 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 课时6 Section B (3a-3c) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________把……冲到陆地上；洗刷 2. ___________垃圾箱；（有盖）大容器 【答案】1.wash up 2.bin 句型 1.海滩不再是休闲的好去处，因为这里到处都是垃圾。  The beach is ______________ a nice place to spend time at ___________ it is covered in waste. 2. 人们也应当尽量自带水瓶和袋子，以此减少垃圾的产生。  People should also try to bring their own bottles and bags _________ there is less rubbish. 【答案】1. no longer；because 2.so that 一、单词默写。 1. 描述；说明 n. ________________________ 2. 有害的 ________________________ 3. 导致；造成 ________________________ 4. 垃圾箱；（有盖）大容器 ___________ 【答案】1.description 2.harmful 3.cause 4. bin 二、词组默写。 1. 不再被包裹 ________________________ 2. 鼓励某人做某事 ________________________ 3. 以便；为了 ________________________ 4. 有害影响 ________________________ 【答案】1.no longer get wrapped 2.encourage somebody to do something 3.so that 4.harmful effects 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 我们对本市海滩糟糕的状况深感担忧。  We are deeply________________ the poor condition of our city's beach. 2. 鸟类和海洋动物有时会被塑料袋困住，更糟糕的是，还会把塑料袋当作食物吞食。  Birds and sea animals sometimes get trapped by plastic bags,_______________ , eat them as food. 3. 我们需要在问题进一步恶化之前采取行动。  We need to______________ before the problem gets worse. 【答案】worried about 2. or even worse 3. take action 一、阅读理解。（Reading plus改编） Plastic is one of the most useful materials in the world. It provides many benefits to our lives because it is cheap and convenient. For example, two or three hundred years ago, clothes were quite expensive, so many people only had one or two sets of clothes to wear. Now, with plastics like nylon and polyester, clothes have become much cheaper. Plastic can also be used to replace other things that are rare or valuable. For example, things like piano keys, which were once made from ivory, are now usually made from plastic. This saved the lives of many elephants. However, while plastic has many benefits, it also causes lots of problems. Some plastic is so strong that it takes more than 400 years to break down before returning safely to the environment. When plastic is put in a landfill, the harmful materials inside can get into the soil and water underground. When plastic rubbish is burnt, it fills the air with harmful gas. Another problem is that plastic rubbish is often thrown on the ground. Rain washes that rubbish into the rivers. From there, it is swept out to the sea. Sea animals can get caught in it or hurt by it. Worse yet, sometimes fish eat the plastic as food, and it gets into their bodies. When the fish get to our dining table, the plastic could get into humans' bodies and harm our health. What can we do about these problems? The best solution, for now, is to use less plastic. For example, bring your own reusable bag when shopping. Buy products, such as clothing and toothbrushes, made of natural materials. Avoid buying products with plastic packaging. Say no to single‑use plastic items—plastic spoons and forks, plastic food containers and straws, etc. While plastic is convenient and useful, in the end, most of it will last longer on our planet than we will. Let us not leave this problem to our future generations when we can deal with it now. 1. The word “rare” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. Unusual B. cheap C. simple D. daily 2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. The good points of plastic materials. B. Different problems brought by plastic. C. Advice on cutting down plastic use. D. Warnings about sea‑animal protection. 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A. Plastic will disappear soon on Earth. B. We should solve plastic problems at present. C. Future generations can solve plastic problems easily. D. Plastic is useless and we must give it up completely. 4. How does plastic harm people’s health? A. Plastic waste causes terrible fires in people’s houses. B. People take in plastic by eating fish that have eaten plastic. C. Plastic makes the soil too poor to grow vegetables. D. Plastic rubbish pollutes people’s drinking water directly. 5.  What is the suitable title for the passage? A. The benefits of plastic B. The Problem with Plastic C. Ways to Cut Down Plastic D. Sea Animals and Plastic Pollution 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍塑料的优点，阐述塑料带来的环境与健康危害，给出应对办法，呼吁我们现在解决塑料污染问题。 1. 句意：第一段中单词“rare”词义猜测。 根据第一段“rare or valuable”，or连接并列语义；后文举象牙制作钢琴琴键的例子，象牙属于珍稀贵重材料。rare意为稀有的，unusual表示不常见的、稀有的。故选A。 2. 句意：第二段的主旨大意。 第二段段首“it also causes lots of problems”是主题句，介绍塑料降解慢、污染水土空气、伤害海洋生物、危害人类健康等各类塑料污染问题。故选B。 3. 句意：从第四段我们可以知道什么。 根据第四段“Let us not leave this problem to our future generations when we can deal with it now”，我们应当当下就解决塑料问题，不要留给后代。A、C、D表述与原文不符。故选B。 4. 句意：塑料如何危害人类健康。 根据第二段“sometimes fish eat the plastic as food…When the fish get to our dining table, the plastic could get into humans' bodies and harm our health”，鱼误食塑料，人类食用这些鱼，塑料进入人体伤害健康。故选B。 5. 句意：本文最合适的标题。 文章既介绍塑料的优点，又阐述塑料带来的危害，还给出减少塑料使用的建议并发出呼吁。B可以完整概括全文；A只讲优点，C只讲解决办法，D只讲海洋动物，均片面。故选B。 二、阅读七选五 Climate change is threatening (威胁) our future as more and more greenhouse gases like CO₂ are collecting in the air and heating up the planet. To fight against the problem, scientists have suggested whales (鲸鱼) as a solution. 1 Whales remove (去除) carbon from the air in two ways. First, they move nutrients (营养物) from their eating areas deep in the ocean back to the surface, where they let go of them in their waste. 2 Second, whales themselves collect CO₂ in their bodies when they eat other animals. The total amount of the gas adds up to about 33 tons over a whale’s lifetime. When whales die, they take all that carbon with them down to the ocean floor. At one time, millions of whales were in the world’s oceans. Unluckily, whaling between the 1600s and the mid-1900s brought many whales to death. 3 Many whales have been saved, but the huge animals still face serious dangers. Whales are influenced by pollution from chemicals (化学制品), noise, and lots of plastics that end up in the oceans. 4 If the whale population increases to what it was before whaling, whales could take in about 1.7 billion tons of CO₂ each year. Compare this to the high costs needed to plant forests for taking in CO₂ and you will see why whales might be an amazing solution. 5 However, it’s worth fighting for. A．It might be difficult to realize. B．To protect whales is to protect the earth. C．It turns out that whales are excellent at controlling CO₂. D．These huge whales are important to the future health of our planet. E．In the 1970s, careful management of whaling began. F．Whales can not only take in CO₂ but also keep the whole ocean system balanced. G．Those nutrients help the growth of plants which take in CO₂ from the air. 【答案】 1．C 2．G 3．E 4．D 5．A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍鲸鱼在应对气候变化中的重要作用：它们通过两种方式去除空气中的二氧化碳，历史上因捕鲸数量锐减，如今若恢复种群，每年可吸收大量CO₂，但实现这一目标仍面临挑战。 1．前文提出科学家建议用鲸鱼作为解决方案，后文讲鲸鱼如何去除二氧化碳。此空应填总起句，C项直接点明鲸鱼在控碳上的卓越性，总起下文两种具体方式，衔接紧密。 2．前句提到鲸鱼排泄物将营养物质带回海面，G项用“Those nutrients”指代，并说明其促进植物吸收CO₂，与后文“鲸鱼自身也储存碳”形成并列关系。 3．前文讲述历史上捕鲸导致鲸鱼大量死亡，后文说“许多鲸鱼被拯救”，E项插入管理起始时间，形成“过去灾难—管理开始—有所好转”的逻辑链。 4．本段后文给出数据：鲸鱼数量恢复后每年可吸收17亿吨二氧化碳，用来佐证鲸鱼对抗温室效应的巨大作用。D选项为本段总起句，引出下文的数据论证，衔接自然顺畅。 5．前文强调鲸鱼是“惊人的解决方案”，后文“However, it’s worth fighting for”构成转折，A项“difficult to realize”恰作过渡，形成“方法好——实现难——仍值得”的论述节奏。 一、阅读理解 A Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the ocean, harming marine life and polluting the water. To solve this problem, a 19-year-old Dutch inventor named Boyan Slat came up with a brilliant idea: the Ocean Cleanup Project. The project uses a long, floating barrier that is placed in the ocean to collect plastic waste. The barrier is shaped like a “V” and moves slowly with the ocean currents. As plastic floats on the water’s surface, it is guided into the center of the barrier and collected. Special ships then come to take the plastic away for recycling. The first successful test of the system took place in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, an area in the ocean where plastic waste has gathered for many years. During the test, the system successfully caught plastic pieces as small as 1 centimeter. This was an important step forward because most systems can only catch large pieces of plastic. Boyan Slat started the Ocean Cleanup Project when he was only 16 years old. Now, his team has hundreds of engineers and volunteers working together to clean the oceans. They hope to remove 90% of the ocean plastic by 2040. However, Slat also says that cleaning the ocean is not enough. We must also stop plastic from entering the ocean in the first place. He calls on people to reduce single-use plastics and support recycling programs. “Technology can help,” he says, “but everyone’s effort is needed to truly solve this problem.” 1．What is the purpose of the Ocean Cleanup Project? A．To catch fish in the ocean. B．To collect plastic waste in the ocean. C．To test new ships in the ocean. D．To study ocean currents. 2．How does the floating barrier collect plastic waste? A．It uses special ships to push plastic into the center. B．It moves quickly to catch plastic before it sinks. C．It uses a “V”-shaped barrier to guide plastic into the center. D．It attracts plastic with magnets. 3．Where did the first successful test of the system take place? A．In the Atlantic Ocean. B．In the Indian Ocean. C．In the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. D．In the Mediterranean Sea. 4．What does Boyan Slat call on people to do besides cleaning the ocean? A．To stop using all kinds of plastic. B．To stop plastic from entering the ocean in the first place. C．To build more barriers in the ocean. D．To become engineers and join his team. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A young inventor’s project to clean up ocean plastic. B．The dangers of plastic waste to marine life. C．How to recycle plastic waste. D．The life story of Boyan Slat. 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了海洋塑料污染问题及Boyan Slat发明的海洋清理项目，包括其工作原理、测试成果和未来目标，最后强调了除了清理海洋外还应从源头减少塑料使用。 1．第一段提到“To solve this problem, a 19-year-old Dutch inventor named Boyan Slat came up with a brilliant idea: the Ocean Cleanup Project.”，这直接说明了该项目的目的是解决海洋塑料污染问题，即收集海洋中的塑料垃圾。 2．第二段提到“The barrier is shaped like a ‘V’ and moves slowly with the ocean currents. As plastic floats on the water’s surface, it is guided into the center of the barrier and collected.”，这直接说明了漂浮屏障通过“V”字形结构将塑料引导至中心进行收集。 3．第三段提到“The first successful test of the system took place in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch”，这直接说明了该系统的首次成功测试是在太平洋大垃圾带进行的。 4．第五段提到“We must also stop plastic from entering the ocean in the first place.”，这直接说明了Boyan Slat呼吁人们除了清理海洋外，还要从源头上阻止塑料进入海洋。 5．全文围绕Boyan Slat及其团队致力于清理海洋塑料的项目展开，涵盖了项目背景、原理、进展及倡议，这直接说明了文章的主旨是一位年轻发明家清理海洋塑料的项目。 B Have you ever thought about what happens to your old mobile phone when you throw it away? Most people don’t. But electronic waste, or e-waste, is one of the fastest-growing types of waste in the world. A mobile phone contains many valuable materials like gold, silver, and copper. It also contains harmful materials like lead and mercury. When e-waste is thrown in landfills, these harmful materials can leak into the soil and water, causing serious pollution. Meanwhile, the valuable materials are lost. In some countries, e-waste is sent to developing countries where workers, including children, take it apart by hand to get the valuable metals. They often work without proper protection, breathing in toxic fumes. This is dangerous for their health. But there is a better way. Many companies now have recycling programmes. They collect old phones, take them apart safely, and reuse the materials. Some companies even design phones that are easier to repair and recycle. As consumers, we can help too. Don’t throw away old electronics. Take them to proper recycling centres. If your phone still works, consider donating it or selling it. Before buying a new phone, ask yourself if you really need one. 6．What does a mobile phone contain according to the text? A．Only valuable materials. B．Only harmful materials. C．Both valuable and harmful materials. D．Neither valuable nor harmful materials. 7．What happens when e-waste is thrown in landfills? A．It becomes more valuable. B．Harmful materials can leak into soil and water. C．It is taken to developing countries. D．Workers take it apart safely. 8．How do workers in some developing countries deal with e-waste? A．They recycle it safely with machines. B．They take it apart by hand without proper protection. C．They send it back to rich countries. D．They burn it in open air. 9．What does the writer suggest we do as consumers? A．Throw old phones in the rubbish bin. B．Buy a new phone every year. C．Take old electronics to proper recycling centres. D．Send e-waste to developing countries. 10．What is the main idea of the text? A．Mobile phones are harmful to humans. B．E-waste is a growing problem and we should deal with it properly. C．Developing countries should stop receiving e-waste. 【答案】 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电子垃圾包含有价值及有害物质，在填埋场会造成污染，部分发展中国家工人手工拆解面临健康风险，并提出了企业回收及消费者正确处理电子垃圾的解决方案。 6．第二段指出“A mobile phone contains many valuable materials like gold, silver, and copper. It also contains harmful materials like lead and mercury.”，这两句直接说明手机同时含有“valuable”和“harmful”两类物质。 7．第二段提到“When e-waste is thrown in landfills, these harmful materials can leak into the soil and water, causing serious pollution.”，明确说明了填埋导致有害物质渗入土壤和水源。 8．第三段说明“e-waste is sent to developing countries where workers, including children, take it apart by hand to get the valuable metals. They often work without proper protection”，指出工人手工拆解且缺乏防护。 9．第五段提出消费者建议：“Don’t throw away old electronics. Take them to proper recycling centres.”，直接建议将旧电子产品送至正规回收中心。 10．全文围绕e-waste的危害、现状及解决方案展开，首段提出“one of the fastest-growing types of waste”，中间分析问题，结尾给出解决措施，综合体现“问题日益严重并需妥善处理”的主旨。 D．Companies should stop making mobile phones. 二、完形填空 The ocean covers most of our planet, but it is in 1 . Human activities have caused great damage to marine ecosystems. Plastic pollution, overfishing, and climate change are all 2 the health of the ocean. Plastic waste is one of the 3 problems. Every year, millions of tons of plastic 4 the ocean. This plastic 5 marine animals that mistake it for food. Some animals get caught in plastic waste and 6 . Overfishing is 7 serious problem. Fishing boats are catching fish 8 quickly that many species cannot recover. This is destroying the balance of marine ecosystems. Without action, the 9 of the ocean will continue to decline. Climate change is also 10 the ocean. Rising temperatures cause coral reefs to 11 . Many marine animals 12 depend on coral reefs for shelter are losing their homes. There is still hope, 13 . If we take action now, we can protect the ocean. We can reduce our use of plastics, support sustainable fishing, and 14 our carbon footprint. The future of the ocean 15 on us. 1．A．balance B．danger C．order D．control 2．A．improving B．damaging C．protecting D．creating 3．A．smallest B．biggest C．newest D．oldest 4．A．appears B．disappears C．enters D．leaves 5．A．helps B．feeds C．saves D．harms 6．A．live B．die C．grow D．fly 7．A．other B．others C．another D．the other 8．A．so B．such C．too D．very 9．A．beauty B．size C．health D．depth 10．A．affecting B．improving C．ignoring D．helping 11．A．grow B．recover C．die D．appear 12．A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 13．A．but B．because C．however D．unless 14．A．increase B．reduce C．forget D．double 15．A．depends B．decides C．counts D．calls 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了海洋面临的危险，包括塑料污染、过度捕捞和气候变化，并呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋未来。 1．句意：海洋覆盖了地球的大部分，但它处于危险中。 根据“Human activities have caused great damage”可知此处表示海洋处境危险，使用搭配be in danger，意为“处于危险中”。balance“平衡”、order“秩序”、control“控制”语境不符。 2．句意：塑料污染、过度捕捞和气候变化都在损害海洋健康。 根据前文“caused great damage”可知，这些活动对海洋健康是有害的，damaging符合语境。improving“改善”、protecting“保护”、creating“创造”语义不符。 3．句意：塑料废物是最大的问题之一。 根据后文“millions of tons”可知问题很严重，biggest符合逻辑。smallest“最小的”、newest“最新的”、oldest“最旧的”语义不符。 4．句意：每年数百万吨塑料进入海洋。 根据常识可知塑料垃圾是从陆地流入海洋，enters符合语义。appears“出现”、disappears“消失”、leaves“离开”语义或搭配不符。 5．句意：这种塑料伤害海洋动物，它们误以为是食物。 根据“mistake it for food”可知动物误食塑料会导致生病或死亡，harms符合语义。helps“帮助”、feeds“喂养”、saves“拯救”语义矛盾。 6．句意：一些动物被塑料废物困住并死亡。 根据“get caught in plastic waste”可知海洋动物被困住且无法脱身，后果通常是死亡，die符合语境。live“生存”、grow“生长”、fly“飞”语境不符。 7．句意：过度捕捞是另一个严重问题。 “problem”是单数，根据后文的“also”可知此处表示三者及以上中的另一个，用another。other“其他”后接复数；others“其他人/物”为代词，不可修饰名词；the other“两者中的另一个”语法错误。 8．句意：渔船捕鱼如此快以至于许多物种无法恢复。 此处使用句型so…that…，译为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰副词“quickly”。such“如此”后接名词，too“太”、very“非常”搭配错误。 9．句意：如果不采取行动，海洋的健康状况将继续下降。 前文提到“health of the ocean”，可知此处指生态健康状况下降，对应health。beauty“美丽”、size“大小”、depth“深度”语义不符。 10．句意：气候变化也在影响海洋。 根据“Climate change”及常识可知气候变化会对海洋产生负面影响，affecting符合。improving“改善”、ignoring“忽视”、helping“帮助”语境不符。 11．句意：气温上升导致珊瑚礁死亡。 根据常识及“Rising temperatures cause coral reefs”可知气候变暖导致珊瑚白化死亡，对应die。grow“生长”、recover“恢复”、appear“出现”语义不符。 12．句意：许多依赖珊瑚礁栖息的海洋动物正在失去家园。 根据“Many marine animals…depend on coral reefs for shelter”可知此处缺少定语从句的引导词，先行词是“animals”，表示事物，且从句缺主语，用which引导。who“谁”指人，whom“谁”作宾语，whose“谁的”语义不符。 13．句意：然而，仍有希望。 根据前文列举了三种问题及“still hope”可知此处表示转折，空后有逗号隔开，however可作副词表示“然而”。but“但是”后无需逗号，because“因为”、unless“除非”逻辑不符。 14．句意：我们可以减少塑料的使用、支持可持续捕捞，并且减少自己的碳足迹。 根据“reduce our use of plastics, support sustainable fishing”可知此处表示保护海洋需要环保行动，reduce carbon footprint是固定搭配，意为“减少碳足迹”。increase“增加”、forget“忘记”、double“加倍”语义不符。 15．句意：海洋的未来取决于我们。 此处使用搭配depend on，意为“取决于，依赖”，符合语境。decides“决定”、counts“计数”、calls“呼叫”语义不符。 三、阅读填空 There was once a large bottle of fresh, clean water. Every drop in the bottle took 1 (proud) in being so clear and pure (纯净的). But one day, one of the 2 (drop) got bored. He would like to see what it would be like to be a dirty drop. The other drops tried to talk him out of the idea, but failed. When the drop came back all dirty, all the other drops in the bottle were influenced and changed into dirty drops, too. Several months later, someone put the bottle in a pool. A lot of clean water entered the large bottle, and the drops 3 (final) made themselves pure again. Now the drops reach 4 agreement that if they want to be clean, then each of them will have to stay clean. 5 (correct) the mistake of even one single drop needs much hard work. In a way, this bottle of water is similar 6 the situation on the Earth. If we want to live on a clean planet, it’s necessary for each of 7 (we) to be a “clean drop”. 8 (whenever) someone or a country becomes a “dirty drop” and pollutes the air or the ocean, the whole Earth will become a bit 9 (dirty) than before. The same may also happen to you and your class. If you want your class to be excellent, then each of you will need 10 (value) the rules and behave (表现) well. Are you a “clean drop”? 【答案】1．pride 2．drops 3．finally 4．an 5．Correcting 6．to 7．us 8．Whenever 9．dirtier 10．to value 【解析】 【导语】本文以水滴污染又净化的小故事作喻，告诉我们个体行为会影响整体，每个人都要约束自身、爱护环境与集体。 1．句意：瓶里的每一滴水都为自身清澈纯净而自豪。固定搭配：take pride in表示“为……感到自豪”。“proud”是形容词，此处需用名词“pride”。 2．句意：但有一天，其中一滴水感到厌烦了。one of+可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，需用“drop”的复数形式“drops”。 3．句意：大量干净的水流进大瓶子，水滴们最终重新变得纯净。修饰动词“made”，需用副词。“final”是形容词，需用“finally”。 4．句意：水滴们达成共识：想要保持洁净，每一滴水都必须自身干净。“agreement”以元音音素开头，固定短语：reach an agreement表示“达成共识”，故需用“an”。 5．句意：哪怕只是纠正一滴水犯下的错误，都需要付出巨大努力。句子缺少主语，动词作主语需变为动名词形式，放在句首，首字母大写，故需用“Correcting”。 6．句意：从某种意义上来说，这瓶水和地球当下的处境很相像。固定搭配：be similar to表示“与……相似”，故需用“to”。 7．句意：如果我们想要生活在洁净的星球上，我们每个人都必须做一滴“干净的水滴”。介词“of”后接人称代词宾格，“we”的宾格为“us”。 8．句意：每当某个人或是某个国家化身 “脏水滴”，污染空气、海洋时，整个地球都会比之前脏上几分。提示词为“whenever”，引导让步状语从句，表示“无论何时、每当”。单词位于句首，首字母大写，故需用“Whenever”。 9．句意：整个地球都会比之前更脏一点。句中有比较级标志词“than”，表示两者对比，要用形容词比较级。故需用“dirty”的比较级为“dirtier”。 10．句意：如果你们想让班级变得优秀，你们每个人都必须重视规则、规范言行。固定用法：need to do sth.表示“需要做某事”，动词“value”要变为不定式“to value”。 一、情境运用 （2026· 济南高新区中考一模） 根据所提供的图片，用一个完整的句子提问或应答。 1. A: What’s this? B: ________________________________________________ 2. A: What did you do last weekend? B: ________________________________________________ 3. A: ________________________________________________ B: Because she thinks they’re cute. 4. A: Lily, why didn’t you answer my call at eight last night? B: ________________________________________________ 5. A: ________________________________________________ B: Yes, he has. He visited there last year. 【参考答案】 1. It is an umbrella. 2. I flew a kite./I flew kites. 3. Why does she like koalas? 4. Because I was playing the violin. 5. Has he ever been to the/an amusement park?/Has he visited the amusement park? 二、书面表达 （2026· 济南高新区中考一模） 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom在邮件中说他最近在学习中遇到很多困难，感到很沮丧，想要放弃。请你给他回一封邮件，要点包括： 1. 谈谈你对挫折的看法； 2. 给出你的建议。 参考词汇：frustration 挫折 要求： (1) 100词左右； (2) 文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear Tom, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I’m sorry to hear that you’re facing great frustration in your study and want to give up. In my opinion, frustration is a normal part of learning. It never means failure, but a chance to push us to grow stronger. Here are some suggestions for you. First, break your big study goals into small, easy ones, so you can see progress step by step. Second, turn to your teachers or classmates for help when you meet difficulties. Third, keep practicing every day and never lose heart. I’m sure you’ll get through the hard time and make great progress soon. Yours, Li Hua ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 课时6 Section B (3a-3c) 分层作业 参考答案 核心知识速记 词汇: 1.wash up 2.bin 句型: 1. no longer；because 2.so that 一、单词默写。 1.description 2.harmful 3.cause 4. bin 二、词组默写。 1.no longer get wrapped 2.encourage somebody to do something 3.so that 4.harmful effects 三、、根据汉语提示完成句子 1.worried about 2. or even worse 3. take action 一、阅读理解。（Reading plus改编）。 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 二、阅读七选五。 1．C 2．G 3．E 4．D 5．A 一、阅读理解 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．B 二、阅读填空 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A 三、阅读填空 1．pride 2．drops 3．finally 4．an 5．Correcting 6．to 7．us 8．Whenever 9．dirtier 10．to value 一、情境运用 【参考答案】 1. It is an umbrella. 2. I flew a kite./I flew kites. 3. Why does she like koalas? 4. Because I was playing the violin. 5. Has he ever been to the/an amusement park?/Has he visited the amusement park? 二、书面表达 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I’m sorry to hear that you’re facing great frustration in your study and want to give up. In my opinion, frustration is a normal part of learning. It never means failure, but a chance to push us to grow stronger. Here are some suggestions for you. First, break your big study goals into small, easy ones, so you can see progress step by step. Second, turn to your teachers or classmates for help when you meet difficulties. Third, keep practicing every day and never lose heart. I’m sure you’ll get through the hard time and make great progress soon. Yours, LiHua ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $