精品解析：北京交通大学附属中学2026-2027学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题

2026北京交大附中高三9月月考 英语 2026.9 本试卷共8页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Karissa was born prematurely. After the doctors discovered she also had vision, hearing and joint problems and ___1___ a brain injury, they kind of gave up on her. But Karissa and her parents ___2___. Swimming began as a sensible physical activity, but Karissa fell in love with the water. She trained hard, and ___3___ the university swimming team in high school, the first special education student to do so. Then she began competing in the Special Olympics and ___4___ 48 gold medals in her career. And then tragedy ___5___ again. Karissa was in a car accident, hit by a distracted driver. With ___6___ damage in her shoulder, doctors told Karissa that she would never compete again. At the time, her target was to reach 50 gold medals. She pressed forward, training and preparing for more races. When she did compete again, her gold medal ___7___ amounted to 53. It was a special time for Karissa, and a (n) ___8___ time for her hometown. Her last act as a Special Olympics swimmer was to give back to the community she loves. She wants everyone to know the selfless sacrifice of her family and friends. Win or lose, it doesn’t really matter. Karissa’s ___9___ of life is to do your best. While plenty of people will doubt you, the girl with an infectious smile will tell you _____10_____. 1. A. caused B. prevented C. experienced D. documented 2. A. pushed forward B. started off C. broke in D. caught on 3. A. established B. searched C. made D. left 4. A. missed B. earned C. reported D. chased 5. A. struck B. extended C. delayed D. suspended 6. A. familiar B. significant C. invisible D. uncertain 7. A. budget B. value C. estimate D. count 8. A. complicated B. relaxing C. emotional D. ordinary 9. A. reality B. struggle C. motivation D. philosophy 10. A. already B. otherwise C. thus D. instead 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 语法填空 Sanfu marks the year’s hottest and most humid stretch, typically ____11____ (fall) between mid-July and mid-August. ____12____ (determine) by the Chinese lunar calendar, it unfolds in three phases — Toufu, Zhongfu, and Mofu. These periods have long inspired a rich variety of customs and observances, ____13____ have endured for millennia. Since ancient times, communities across China ____14____ (turn) it into an occasion for distinctive rituals and gatherings, a reflection of their adaptability in the face of nature’s extremes. B 语法填空 A 7.4-magnitude earthquake hit Colombia. Brian Osorio Zuluaga ____15____ (ride) home on his motorbike when he came upon a collapsed building in Cali. Braving the risk of gas leak, he called out ____16____ survivors amid the rubble. Soon, he heard a faint cry from beneath the debris. With volunteers, they lifted a heavy slab and rescued a baby boy whose head ____17____ (become) purple due to lack of oxygen by then. Once freed, the infant slowly regained consciousness and was rushed to hospital. Even amid ruins, ordinary people’s joint efforts can create miracles. C 语法填空 The rapid spread of generative AI has exposed deep weaknesses in conventional academic assessment. When researchers gave a take-home exam at Brown University, the average score ____18____ (soar) to 96%, only to plummet to 48.6% when the same group sat an in-person, closed-book final. The shock lies not in isolated cheating, but in its apparent widespread occurrence. Universities must therefore act decisively ____19____ (restore) a culture of academic integrity. Institutional hesitation basically misunderstands ____20____ gives a university its standing — high standards and genuine academic excellence. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A This summer I came face-to-face with three deep-rooted fears: heights, bears, and ageing. Two friends joined me on a four-day wilderness getaway, and since we were all in our seventies, we decided we’d better go while we still could. Our adventure began with a scary drive up a winding mountain road. On one hike, I found myself hanging onto a wire on a bridge made of two partly rotten logs, suspended high above rushing rapids. I would never have attempted it without our guide ahead, mouthing encouraging words. Fixing my eyes on her boots, I inched along the shaky logs. Somehow, I made it across, flooded with a rush of intense excitement and huge relief. Later, after spotting bear tracks, we were told to make loud noises, which soon became a game once the tension faded. Until suddenly, time stood still. We had just crossed a stream when the guide whispered, “There’s a bear.” I looked up in disbelief and saw not one, but two, about ten meters above us — the brown mother in front, her cub behind. Though scared speechless, I couldn’t help noticing how beautiful they looked in their natural setting. I wondered if it would be my last memory. As they started towards us, we recovered enough to shout and wave our hiking poles. Taken aback, they stopped, and then slowly turned away. Another fear was overcome! On our final morning, after a quiet, thoughtful walk through the forest, we were asked to bring back a “meaningful” stick, rock, and leaf to share what would “stick” with us, what “rocked,” and what we would “leaf” behind. The bond of friendship would stick with me. Women supporting one another truly rocked. And I hoped to leave some fears behind. Our guide ended by expressing her admiration, praising not only our fitness but also our positive attitude, and saying she hoped to be like us in another thirty or forty years. Those unexpected words warmed my heart and eased my fear of being “over the hill”. Being valued for what we had accomplished felt like winning an Olympic medal — even if just for participation. 21. How did the author cross the bridge? A. By taking mindful steps. B. By rushing across it bravely. C. By using her sense of direction. D. By having the guide drag her over. 22. Why did the bears leave? A. They were attracted by the natural setting. B. They were afraid of the noise of the rapids. C. They were surprised at the group’s actions. D. They were threatened by the guide’s rocks. 23. What does the underlined phrase “over the hill” in the last paragraph mean? A. Beyond physical limits. B. Past the peak of youth. C. Out of place in society. D. Too high to go down. B Know how much to tip New rules of gratuities The pandemic severely affected tip-dependent workers — some lost jobs entirely, others changed customer interactions. Tips dropped, causing widespread hardship. Many customers, however, gave more due to the sudden risks and challenges faced by essential service staff. Just as many services have changed, so should tipping. Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. Some new rules of tipping that are likely here to stay: Give more if you can. It’s common for tips to be divided between all the workers at a store or restaurant, not just those who interact directly with customers. So giving generously ensures a fairer tip for all. Think outside the (cash) box. You can also “tip” with a thank-you note or a homemade gift when a business (or your budget) doesn’t permit gratuities. Consider writing a review online, making sure to name names. Treat business owners differently. A practice of the past, tipping the boss separately is no longer necessary. But if she serves you, tip her as you would any of her workers. As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend: FOOD AND DRINKS Restaurant workers Old rule: Leave a tip only when you dine in. New rule: Always tip, even for takeout. Tip: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders. HOME DELIVERIES Package delivery drivers Old rule: Don’t tip. New rule: Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week. Tip: Drinks, snacks, or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large. UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists. And FedEx prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents. Flower delivery drivers Old rule: The person who places the order tips those who deliver flowers (and other specialty items). New rule: You can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, so if you’re lucky enough to get such a delivery, pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip. Tip: $5 to $10. PERSONAL SERVICES Ride-share drivers Old rule: Tip in cash. New rule: Ask your driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash. Tip: 15 to 20 percent. 24. New rules of tipping are recommended because ________. A. some old tipping standards can’t help some service workers out now B. customers dismiss the old standards as unfair to themselves C. the pandemic has driven many businesses to financial ruin D. some people have to work from home without interaction 25. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The more you tip, the better service you will receive. B. Writing a review online is highly recommended to express gratitude. C. Tip every worker fairly in case some may keep the money to himself. D. There is no need to tip the boss because he doesn’t provide any service. 26. ________ did best in tipping according to the recommended rules. Name Situation Tip Ginna order a roast goose ($50) at Kam’s Roasts for take out $0 for the waiter Joan take a delivery of a package from FedEx (bottled water, 500ml, 24-pack) $10 for the FedEx delivery man Susan receive a bunch of flowers delivered by a Flower Plus driver $5 (cash) for the gardener Linn take an Uber ($15) from St Vincent’s Hospital to the Central Library $3 (cash) for the driver A. Ginna B. Joan C. Susan D. Linn C When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s (崩塌) critical characteristics. Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson, who was not involved with the new study but collaborated with the lead author on previous work. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound.” Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse — a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body — is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier “can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break-offs,” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses. Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound. Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade’s physical details. 27. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials. B. Glaciers themselves usually produce detectable infrasound signals. C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches. D. The use of infrasound in monitoring snow avalanches is a new method. 28. Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar? A. The combination with other relevant signals. B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche. C. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes. D. The ability in picking up signals in wider areas. 29. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________. A. distinguishing different components of a signal B. detecting multiple avalanches at the same time C. calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches D. monitoring the specific location of ice break-offs 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. From Fire to Ice B. Glacier Whispers C. Secret of Ice Avalanches D. Silent Cracks from a Distance D That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially bitterly: There’s never any time to read. A professional reader, the novelist and critic Tim Parks, wrote in a New York Review of Books essay: “Every moment of serious reading has to be fought for, planned for.” What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times.” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning — or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication… It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.” Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient. In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading — useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book. So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic (仪式的) behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too — providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the habitual state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else. 31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because ________. A. what they overlook is the mind’s tendency to communicate B. what challenging books demand is time free from work C. what they can offer does not ease the modern mind D. what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed 32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to ________. A. expand their to-do lists B. justify each moment C. carry their plans through D. pursue carefree reading 33. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if ________. A. reading becomes your primary business of the day B. all the daily business has been promptly dealt with C. you are able to drop back to business after reading D. each reading session lasts a sufficiently long time 34. What would the author probably agree with? A. Deep reading is a reward for prior productivity. B. Regular reading improves efficiency and leads to soul time. C. Instrumental attitude can get in the way of immersive reading. D. Full absorption in books requires rejecting any mind-set. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The illusion of explanatory depth (IOED) refers to people’s tendency to believe they understand something far better than they actually do. ____35____ Imagine an alien asks you to describe how a zipper (拉链) functions. You’ve used zippers countless times, on jackets, bags, or shoes. Confidently, you start: “You pull the slider up, and the teeth interlock!” But as the alien goes deeper — “How do the teeth match? What stops them from separating sideways? Why does the slider move smoothly?” — you get stuck. To think that a zipper is such a simple everyday item, and yet you actually know much less than you’ve predicted. This puzzles you greatly. ____36____ This gap is known as explanatory shallowness. On the whole, IOED leads to overestimated understanding of complex issues and emotion-driven decisions. ____37____ Studies reveal that individuals with stronger opinions on topics like genetically modified foods frequently possess the least knowledge about them. Similarly, it can also make people less receptive to other political opinions. One study at MIT looked at whether getting people to explain a political policy in detail — thus exposing the illusion of explanatory depth — would make them more open to changing their bias when later presented with a persuasive argument. They found while participants did rate their understanding lower, they were actually less likely to shift their position, even more committed to their original stand. ____38____ Such misleading content is often fueled by overconfidence in shallow knowledge. To avoid it, practice explanatory self-testing: explain ideas clearly before forming strong opinions, identify knowledge gaps, and admit intellectual shortage by acknowledging uncertainty. Prioritize depth over strong beliefs, seek diverse perspectives, avoid jumping to conclusions, and confirm claims. ____39____ A. Recognizing IOED is critical to fighting against the spread of misinformation. B. In reality, trying to unpack details reveals our knowledge is shallower than we think. C. Such overconfidence in shallow understanding often leads to one-sided judgments in daily life. D. Most people fail to notice this bias until they encounter situations that require professional skills. E. They often come face to face with their limited understanding only when asked to explain further. F. This encourages informed decisions and replaces performative expertise with collaborative learning. G. This cognitive bias fuels misplaced confidence in certain causes, often with minimal factual grounding. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We all love to criticize, but unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We freely post and comment on others, but feel annoyed at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. Criticism is defined as judgment of the merits (优点) and faults of something or someone in written or spoken form. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what concerns us here. What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage. The culture of criticism isn’t going away. The only way to flourish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is to adopt new habits of getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is to assume that criticism, even when it seems personal, is not actually about you personally. When we receive criticism, we make it personal in two ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks. If taking criticism is particularly hard for you, you are not alone. However, taking criticism badly is more embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off. 40. What will be the results of changing the way we give and take criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What is the difference between constructive and destructive criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) would you gain from learning to accept negative feedback? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在你们学校的网站看到你们学校组织了“我的年度词（My Word of the Year）”的学生活动，发来邮件询问你的年度词。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 你的年度词是什么； 2. 你选该词的理由。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua （请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026北京交大附中高三9月月考 英语 2026.9 本试卷共8页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Karissa was born prematurely. After the doctors discovered she also had vision, hearing and joint problems and ___1___ a brain injury, they kind of gave up on her. But Karissa and her parents ___2___. Swimming began as a sensible physical activity, but Karissa fell in love with the water. She trained hard, and ___3___ the university swimming team in high school, the first special education student to do so. Then she began competing in the Special Olympics and ___4___ 48 gold medals in her career. And then tragedy ___5___ again. Karissa was in a car accident, hit by a distracted driver. With ___6___ damage in her shoulder, doctors told Karissa that she would never compete again. At the time, her target was to reach 50 gold medals. She pressed forward, training and preparing for more races. When she did compete again, her gold medal ___7___ amounted to 53. It was a special time for Karissa, and a (n) ___8___ time for her hometown. Her last act as a Special Olympics swimmer was to give back to the community she loves. She wants everyone to know the selfless sacrifice of her family and friends. Win or lose, it doesn’t really matter. Karissa’s ___9___ of life is to do your best. While plenty of people will doubt you, the girl with an infectious smile will tell you _____10_____. 1. A. caused B. prevented C. experienced D. documented 2. A. pushed forward B. started off C. broke in D. caught on 3. A. established B. searched C. made D. left 4. A. missed B. earned C. reported D. chased 5. A. struck B. extended C. delayed D. suspended 6. A. familiar B. significant C. invisible D. uncertain 7. A. budget B. value C. estimate D. count 8. A. complicated B. relaxing C. emotional D. ordinary 9. A. reality B. struggle C. motivation D. philosophy 10. A. already B. otherwise C. thus D. instead 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B 【解析】 【导语】主要讲述早产儿卡丽莎身患多种疾病却坚持游泳，历经车祸伤痛依旧拼搏，活出积极的人生态度。 【1题详解】 考查动词。句意：医生发现她还有视力、听力以及关节方面的问题，并且经历了脑损伤之后，他们几乎对她不抱希望了。A. caused造成；B. prevented阻止；C. experienced经历；D. documented记录。根据前文“she also had vision, hearing and joint problems”可知，卡丽莎自身遭受到多种病痛，经历过脑损伤。 【2题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：但是卡丽莎和她的父母坚持向前。A. pushed forward奋力坚持；B. started off出发；C. broke in闯入；D. caught on流行。根据前文“they kind of gave up on her”以及转折连词But可知，医生放弃，但她和家人没有放弃，继续坚持。 【3题详解】 考查动词。句意：她刻苦训练，高中时成功进入校游泳队，是第一位做到这件事的特殊教育学生。A. established建立；B. searched搜寻；C. made成功进入；D. left离开。根据后文“the first special education student to do so”可知，她成功入选大学游泳队，make the team为固定搭配，表示入选队伍。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意：之后她参加特奥会，在职业生涯中赢得48枚金牌。A. missed错过；B. earned赢得；C. reported报道；D. chased追逐。根据后文“48 gold medals in her career”可知，参加比赛之后赢得奖牌。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：而后悲剧再次降临。A. struck突然发生；B. extended延伸；C. delayed推迟；D. suspended暂停。根据后文“Karissa was in a car accident”可知，一场车祸这场不幸的灾难突然降临到她身上。 【6题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她的肩膀受到严重损伤，医生告诉卡丽莎她再也不能参加比赛了。A. familiar熟悉的；B. significant严重的；C. invisible看不见的；D. uncertain不确定的。根据后文“doctors told Karissa that she would never compete again”可知，肩膀伤势十分严重，导致医生判定她无法参赛。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：当她再度参赛时，她的金牌总数达到了53枚。A. budget预算；B. value价值；C. estimate估计；D. count总数，数量。根据后文“amounted to 53”可知，此处指金牌的统计总数。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对卡丽莎来说这是一段特别的时光，对她的家乡而言也是一段令人动容的时光。A. complicated复杂的；B. relaxing放松的；C. emotional令人动情的；D. ordinary普通的。根据前文“It was a special time for Karissa”以及后文“Her last act as a Special Olympics swimmer was to give back to the community she loves”可知，她重返赛场取得佳绩、回馈家乡，这样的经历令人内心触动。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：无论成败，其实都不重要。卡丽莎的人生哲学就是拼尽全力。A. reality现实；B. struggle奋斗；C. motivation动力；D. philosophy人生哲学。根据后文“to do your best”可知，拼尽全力是她看待人生的理念。 【10题详解】 考查副词。句意：虽然很多人会怀疑你，但这个笑容富有感染力的女孩会告诉你并非如此。A. already已经；B. otherwise并非如此；C. thus因此；D. instead反而。根据前文“While plenty of people will doubt you”可知，while引导让步状语，别人怀疑，而她传递的是与之相反的观念。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 语法填空 Sanfu marks the year’s hottest and most humid stretch, typically ____11____ (fall) between mid-July and mid-August. ____12____ (determine) by the Chinese lunar calendar, it unfolds in three phases — Toufu, Zhongfu, and Mofu. These periods have long inspired a rich variety of customs and observances, ____13____ have endured for millennia. Since ancient times, communities across China ____14____ (turn) it into an occasion for distinctive rituals and gatherings, a reflection of their adaptability in the face of nature’s extremes. 【答案】11. falling 12. Determined 13. which 14. have turned 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了三伏天的时间、划分及其相关的传统习俗。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。​句意：三伏天标志着一年中最炎热潮湿的时期，通常出现在7月中旬至8月中旬之间。句中已有谓语动词marks，空处需用非谓语动词形式；主语Sanfu与fall之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。​句意：它由农历决定，分为三个阶段——初伏、中伏和末伏。空处需用非谓语动词作状语；主语it（指代 Sanfu）与determine之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。​句意：这些时期长期以来激发了丰富多样的风俗和仪式，这些习俗已经延续了数千年。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词customs and observances，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导该从句。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态。​句意：自古以来，中国各地的社区都把它变成了一个举行独特仪式和聚会的场合，这反映了他们在面对自然的极端情况时的适应能力。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语Since ancient times可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语communities为复数，助动词用have；turn的过去分词为turned。 B 语法填空 A 7.4-magnitude earthquake hit Colombia. Brian Osorio Zuluaga ____15____ (ride) home on his motorbike when he came upon a collapsed building in Cali. Braving the risk of gas leak, he called out ____16____ survivors amid the rubble. Soon, he heard a faint cry from beneath the debris. With volunteers, they lifted a heavy slab and rescued a baby boy whose head ____17____ (become) purple due to lack of oxygen by then. Once freed, the infant slowly regained consciousness and was rushed to hospital. Even amid ruins, ordinary people’s joint efforts can create miracles. 【答案】15. was riding 16. for 17. had become 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述哥伦比亚发生地震，Brian冒险救援废墟中的男婴，普通人合力创造生命奇迹。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：Brian Osorio Zuluaga正骑摩托车回家，这时他在卡利遇到一栋倒塌的楼房。固定句型be doing...when...“正在做某事，这时……”，描述过去正在发生的事情，用过去进行时时，主语Brian Osorio Zuluaga为单数，谓语用was riding。 【16题详解】 考查介词。句意：冒着燃气泄漏的危险，他在废墟中大声呼喊寻找幸存者。固定搭配call out for“大声呼喊寻找……”，本空用介词for。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他和志愿者抬起一块厚重的水泥板，救出了一名男婴，到那时孩子的头部已经因为缺氧发紫。根据by then可知，用过去完成时，谓语用had become。 C 语法填空 The rapid spread of generative AI has exposed deep weaknesses in conventional academic assessment. When researchers gave a take-home exam at Brown University, the average score ____18____ (soar) to 96%, only to plummet to 48.6% when the same group sat an in-person, closed-book final. The shock lies not in isolated cheating, but in its apparent widespread occurrence. Universities must therefore act decisively ____19____ (restore) a culture of academic integrity. Institutional hesitation basically misunderstands ____20____ gives a university its standing — high standards and genuine academic excellence. 【答案】18. soared 19. to restore 20. what 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍生成式人工智能快速暴露出传统学术评价的弊端，大学应当采取行动维护学术诚信。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：当布朗大学的研究人员安排一场可带回家完成的考试时，平均分数飙升至96%，而同一批学生参加线下闭卷期末考试时，分数却骤降至48.6%。此处为谓语动词，整篇文章叙述过去发生的实验情况，结合时间状语从句的谓语动词“gave”可知，用一般过去时，soar的过去式为soared。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：因此大学必须果断采取行动，恢复学术诚信的风气。此处为非谓语动词作状语，表示果断采取行动的目的，所以用动词不定式to restore作目的状语。 【20题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：院校层面的犹豫本质上误解了是什么赋予一所大学其地位——高标准以及真正的学术卓越。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句作misunderstands的宾语，从句中缺少主语，表示事物，所以用连接代词what。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A This summer I came face-to-face with three deep-rooted fears: heights, bears, and ageing. Two friends joined me on a four-day wilderness getaway, and since we were all in our seventies, we decided we’d better go while we still could. Our adventure began with a scary drive up a winding mountain road. On one hike, I found myself hanging onto a wire on a bridge made of two partly rotten logs, suspended high above rushing rapids. I would never have attempted it without our guide ahead, mouthing encouraging words. Fixing my eyes on her boots, I inched along the shaky logs. Somehow, I made it across, flooded with a rush of intense excitement and huge relief. Later, after spotting bear tracks, we were told to make loud noises, which soon became a game once the tension faded. Until suddenly, time stood still. We had just crossed a stream when the guide whispered, “There’s a bear.” I looked up in disbelief and saw not one, but two, about ten meters above us — the brown mother in front, her cub behind. Though scared speechless, I couldn’t help noticing how beautiful they looked in their natural setting. I wondered if it would be my last memory. As they started towards us, we recovered enough to shout and wave our hiking poles. Taken aback, they stopped, and then slowly turned away. Another fear was overcome! On our final morning, after a quiet, thoughtful walk through the forest, we were asked to bring back a “meaningful” stick, rock, and leaf to share what would “stick” with us, what “rocked,” and what we would “leaf” behind. The bond of friendship would stick with me. Women supporting one another truly rocked. And I hoped to leave some fears behind. Our guide ended by expressing her admiration, praising not only our fitness but also our positive attitude, and saying she hoped to be like us in another thirty or forty years. Those unexpected words warmed my heart and eased my fear of being “over the hill”. Being valued for what we had accomplished felt like winning an Olympic medal — even if just for participation. 21. How did the author cross the bridge? A. By taking mindful steps. B. By rushing across it bravely. C. By using her sense of direction. D. By having the guide drag her over. 22. Why did the bears leave? A. They were attracted by the natural setting. B. They were afraid of the noise of the rapids. C. They were surprised at the group’s actions. D. They were threatened by the guide’s rocks. 23. What does the underlined phrase “over the hill” in the last paragraph mean? A. Beyond physical limits. B. Past the peak of youth. C. Out of place in society. D. Too high to go down. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和两位七十多岁的朋友在夏季参加的一次为期四天的荒野之旅。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Fixing my eyes on her boots, I inched along the shaky logs. (我盯着她的靴子，沿着摇晃的原木一步一步缓慢挪动)”可知，作者是通过小心翼翼地、专注地迈步过桥的。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据第七段的句子“As they started towards us, we recovered enough to shout and wave our hiking poles. Taken aback, they stopped, and then slowly turned away.(当它们朝我们走来时，我们缓过神来，大声喊叫并挥舞登山杖。它们吃了一惊，停了下来，然后慢慢转身离开)”可知，熊离开是因为对这群人的喊叫和挥舞登山杖的动作感到惊讶。 【23题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段的句子“Those unexpected words warmed my heart and eased my fear of being ‘over the hill’.(那些意想不到的话温暖了我的心，缓解了我对‘over the hill’的恐惧)”以及前文提到的“since we were all in our seventies (因为我们都是七十多岁的人)”和“fear of ageing (对衰老的恐惧)”可知，“over the hill”在这里指的是对年老、不再年轻的恐惧，与“Past the peak of youth. (过了青春的巅峰)”意思最接近。 B Know how much to tip New rules of gratuities The pandemic severely affected tip-dependent workers — some lost jobs entirely, others changed customer interactions. Tips dropped, causing widespread hardship. Many customers, however, gave more due to the sudden risks and challenges faced by essential service staff. Just as many services have changed, so should tipping. Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. Some new rules of tipping that are likely here to stay: Give more if you can. It’s common for tips to be divided between all the workers at a store or restaurant, not just those who interact directly with customers. So giving generously ensures a fairer tip for all. Think outside the (cash) box. You can also “tip” with a thank-you note or a homemade gift when a business (or your budget) doesn’t permit gratuities. Consider writing a review online, making sure to name names. Treat business owners differently. A practice of the past, tipping the boss separately is no longer necessary. But if she serves you, tip her as you would any of her workers. As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend: FOOD AND DRINKS Restaurant workers Old rule: Leave a tip only when you dine in. New rule: Always tip, even for takeout. Tip: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders. HOME DELIVERIES Package delivery drivers Old rule: Don’t tip. New rule: Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week. Tip: Drinks, snacks, or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large. UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists. And FedEx prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents. Flower delivery drivers Old rule: The person who places the order tips those who deliver flowers (and other specialty items). New rule: You can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, so if you’re lucky enough to get such a delivery, pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip. Tip: $5 to $10. PERSONAL SERVICES Ride-share drivers Old rule: Tip in cash. New rule: Ask your driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash. Tip: 15 to 20 percent. 24. New rules of tipping are recommended because ________. A. some old tipping standards can’t help some service workers out now B. customers dismiss the old standards as unfair to themselves C. the pandemic has driven many businesses to financial ruin D. some people have to work from home without interaction 25. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The more you tip, the better service you will receive. B. Writing a review online is highly recommended to express gratitude. C. Tip every worker fairly in case some may keep the money to himself. D. There is no need to tip the boss because he doesn’t provide any service. 26. ________ did best in tipping according to the recommended rules. Name Situation Tip Ginna order a roast goose ($50) at Kam’s Roasts for take out $0 for the waiter Joan take a delivery of a package from FedEx (bottled water, 500ml, 24-pack) $10 for the FedEx delivery man Susan receive a bunch of flowers delivered by a Flower Plus driver $5 (cash) for the gardener Linn take an Uber ($15) from St Vincent’s Hospital to the Central Library $3 (cash) for the driver A. Ginna B. Joan C. Susan D. Linn 【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍后疫情时代服务行业全新的小费给付规则。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据表格第二行中第二段“Just as many services have changed, so should tipping. Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. (正如许多服务发生了改变，付小费的方式也理应改变。一些旧标准似乎不再公平，若干新标准在疫情结束后仍将长期适用)”可知，旧的小费标准已经不再公平，无法惠及部分服务从业者，因此需要推行小费新规则。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“Think outside the (cash) box.”部分“You can also “tip” with a thank‑you note or a homemade gift when a business (or your budget) doesn’t permit gratuities. Consider writing a review online, making sure to name names. (当商家（或你的预算）不允许支付小费时，你也可以用感谢信或者自制礼物充当“小费”。可以考虑在网上写评价，务必写上工作人员的名字)”可知，网上写评价是被大力推荐的表达谢意的方式。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“PERSONAL SERVICES”部分“New rule: Ask your driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash. Tip: 15 to 20 percent. (新规则：问问你的司机。来福车和优步应用软件可以添加小费，但部分司机更偏爱现金。小费标准：15%‑20%。)”可知，Linn车费15美元，15×20%=3美元，Linn支付3美元现金，完全符合文中的小费规则。 C When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s (崩塌) critical characteristics. Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson, who was not involved with the new study but collaborated with the lead author on previous work. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound.” Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse — a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body — is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier “can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break-offs,” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses. Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound. Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade’s physical details. 27. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials. B. Glaciers themselves usually produce detectable infrasound signals. C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches. D. The use of infrasound in monitoring snow avalanches is a new method. 28. Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar? A. The combination with other relevant signals. B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche. C. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes. D. The ability in picking up signals in wider areas. 29. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________. A. distinguishing different components of a signal B. detecting multiple avalanches at the same time C. calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches D. monitoring the specific location of ice break-offs 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. From Fire to Ice B. Glacier Whispers C. Secret of Ice Avalanches D. Silent Cracks from a Distance 【答案】27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍科研人员利用次声监测冰川崩塌，对比雷达优缺点并说明相关研究改进方向。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers.(次声波是一种可以在大气中远距离传播的低频声波，现已被用于远距离监测活火山。如今，该领域的部分研究人员已将研究重心从火山转向冰川——研究从冰川上崩落的危险冰块。)”以及第三段中“As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.(随着威胁不断加剧，科学家寻找新方法监测、探测这类冰川崩塌。)”可知，研究人员正尝试使用次声探测冰崩。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break‑off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain.(马尔凯蒂称，次声成本更低，可以探测范围更广区域内的崩裂事件，还能监测整座山上的多处雪崩。)”可知，相较于雷达，次声的优势是可以在更广区域接收信号。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says.(然而，苏黎世联邦理工学院的冰川学家玛尔戈扎塔・赫米尔表示：“如果不借助额外测量手段，要把信号拆解成各类组成部分（例如交通噪音、单次雪崩以及周边地震信号），这是一件颇具难度的事。”她说道：“马尔凯蒂所采用的模型是针对this的一个初步近似方案。”)”可知，this指代“区分信号的不同组成部分”。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect.(2017年，瑞士阿尔卑斯山艾格尔山上一块冰从崩塌的冰川脱落，它发出的部分悠长低沉的声音频率过低，人类耳朵无法听见。)”可知，文章核心是捕捉冰川发出人耳听不到的次声信号以此监测冰川崩塌。“Glacier Whispers(冰川的低语)”运用比喻，把人耳听不见的次声波比作冰川的低语，生动形象，贴合全文主题。 D That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially bitterly: There’s never any time to read. A professional reader, the novelist and critic Tim Parks, wrote in a New York Review of Books essay: “Every moment of serious reading has to be fought for, planned for.” What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times.” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning — or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication… It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.” Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient. In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading — useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book. So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic (仪式的) behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too — providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the habitual state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else. 31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because ________. A. what they overlook is the mind’s tendency to communicate B. what challenging books demand is time free from work C. what they can offer does not ease the modern mind D. what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed 32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to ________. A. expand their to-do lists B. justify each moment C. carry their plans through D. pursue carefree reading 33. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if ________. A. reading becomes your primary business of the day B. all the daily business has been promptly dealt with C. you are able to drop back to business after reading D. each reading session lasts a sufficiently long time 34. What would the author probably agree with? A. Deep reading is a reward for prior productivity. B. Regular reading improves efficiency and leads to soul time. C. Instrumental attitude can get in the way of immersive reading. D. Full absorption in books requires rejecting any mind-set. 【答案】31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了现代人难以深度阅读的原因，并提出了通过固定时间阅读等方法来解决这一问题。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。​根据第二段中“Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.(深度阅读需要的不仅仅是时间，而且是一种特殊的时间，这种时间并不能仅仅通过变得更高效来获得)”可知，通常的时间管理技巧不起作用是因为它们无法保证提供深度阅读所需的那种特殊时间。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。​根据第三段中“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.”(加里·埃伯利在他的《神圣的时间》一书中写道：“未来就像空瓶子一样，沿着一条不可阻挡且几乎无限长的传送带向我们涌来，我们感到一种压力，要在这些不同大小的瓶子（天、小时、分钟）经过时把它们装满，因为如果它们空着溜走了，我们就浪费了它们。”)”可知，“空瓶子”的比喻说明人们觉得有必要证明每一刻都没有被浪费，即需要为每一刻寻找正当理由。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。​根据最后一段中““Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too — providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the habitual state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.(“随时随身携带一本书”实际上也能起作用——前提是你足够频繁地沉浸其中，以至于阅读变成了一种习惯性的状态，你只是暂时从中浮出水面处理事务，然后再次沉入阅读。在状态极佳的一天里，你不再觉得自己是在“抽时间读书”，而只是在读书，并为其他所有事情抽时间)”可知，如果阅读成为你一天中的主要事务，那么“随时随身携带一本书”就能发挥作用。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。​根据第三段中“Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting.(把时间看作一种需要最大化的资源，意味着你以功利的态度对待它，认为任何给定的时刻只有在对实现某个目标有推进作用时才算用得好。相比之下，沉浸式阅读取决于愿意承担低效、无目的甚至浪费时间的风险)”可知，作者可能会同意功利的态度会阻碍沉浸式阅读。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The illusion of explanatory depth (IOED) refers to people’s tendency to believe they understand something far better than they actually do. ____35____ Imagine an alien asks you to describe how a zipper (拉链) functions. You’ve used zippers countless times, on jackets, bags, or shoes. Confidently, you start: “You pull the slider up, and the teeth interlock!” But as the alien goes deeper — “How do the teeth match? What stops them from separating sideways? Why does the slider move smoothly?” — you get stuck. To think that a zipper is such a simple everyday item, and yet you actually know much less than you’ve predicted. This puzzles you greatly. ____36____ This gap is known as explanatory shallowness. On the whole, IOED leads to overestimated understanding of complex issues and emotion-driven decisions. ____37____ Studies reveal that individuals with stronger opinions on topics like genetically modified foods frequently possess the least knowledge about them. Similarly, it can also make people less receptive to other political opinions. One study at MIT looked at whether getting people to explain a political policy in detail — thus exposing the illusion of explanatory depth — would make them more open to changing their bias when later presented with a persuasive argument. They found while participants did rate their understanding lower, they were actually less likely to shift their position, even more committed to their original stand. ____38____ Such misleading content is often fueled by overconfidence in shallow knowledge. To avoid it, practice explanatory self-testing: explain ideas clearly before forming strong opinions, identify knowledge gaps, and admit intellectual shortage by acknowledging uncertainty. Prioritize depth over strong beliefs, seek diverse perspectives, avoid jumping to conclusions, and confirm claims. ____39____ A. Recognizing IOED is critical to fighting against the spread of misinformation. B. In reality, trying to unpack details reveals our knowledge is shallower than we think. C. Such overconfidence in shallow understanding often leads to one-sided judgments in daily life. D. Most people fail to notice this bias until they encounter situations that require professional skills. E. They often come face to face with their limited understanding only when asked to explain further. F. This encourages informed decisions and replaces performative expertise with collaborative learning. G. This cognitive bias fuels misplaced confidence in certain causes, often with minimal factual grounding. 【答案】35. E 36. B 37. G 38. A 39. F 【解析】 【导语】文章以心理学概念为切入点，通过生动的案例和严谨的逻辑，向读者客观解释了“解释深度错觉”这一认知偏差的成因、负面影响以及应对策略。 【35题详解】 根据空格前的句子“The illusion of explanatory depth (IOED) refers to people’s tendency to believe they understand something far better than they actually do.(解释深度错觉是指人们倾向于认为自己比实际更了解某事物。)”可知，前文给出了IOED的定义，即人们高估了自己的理解力。结合空格后一句“Imagine an alien asks you to describe how a zipper functions.(想象一下，一个外星人让你描述拉链是如何运作的。)”可知，后文通过一个具体的例子来展示人们是如何发现自己其实并不真正了解的。因此，空格处应起到从定义到具体例子的过渡作用。E项“They often come face to face with their limited understanding only when asked to explain further.(他们通常只有在被要求进一步解释时，才会直面自己有限的理解。)”中的They指代前文的people，且“when asked to explain further”完美引出了后文外星人不断追问拉链细节的场景，符合语境。 【36题详解】 根据空格前的句子“To think that a zipper is such a simple everyday item, and yet you actually know much less than you’ve predicted. This puzzles you greatly.(原以为拉链只是个简单的日常用品，结果你实际知道的远比你预想的少。这让你大惑不解。)”可知，前文描述了人们在尝试解释拉链时发现自己知识匮乏的困惑。结合空格后的句子“This gap is known as explanatory shallowness.(这种差距被称为解释的肤浅。)”可知，空格处应进一步说明这种“预想与实际”之间的差距。B项“In reality, trying to unpack details reveals our knowledge is shallower than we think.(实际上，试图剖析细节会揭示出我们的知识比我们认为的更肤浅。)”中的“In reality”与前文的“predicted”形成对比，且“knowledge is shallower than we think”精准对应了后文的“explanatory shallowness”，符合语境。 【37题详解】 根据空格前的句子“On the whole, IOED leads to overestimated understanding of complex issues and emotion-driven decisions.(总的来说，IOED会导致对复杂问题的高估理解和情绪化的决策。)”可知，前文指出了IOED带来的负面后果。结合空格后的句子“Studies reveal that individuals with stronger opinions on topics like genetically modified foods frequently possess the least knowledge about them.(研究表明，对转基因食品等话题持有强烈意见的人，往往对这些话题的了解最少。)”可知，后文通过具体研究举例说明了这种“高估理解”会导致人们在不了解事实的情况下就产生强烈偏见。因此，空格处应是一个概括这种后果的句子。G项“This cognitive bias fuels misplaced confidence in certain causes, often with minimal factual grounding.(这种认知偏见助长了人们对某些事业的盲目自信，而这种自信往往缺乏事实依据。)”中的“This cognitive bias”指代前文的“IOED”，且“misplaced confidence”呼应了“overestimated understanding”，“minimal factual grounding”则引出了后文转基因食品的例子，符合语境。 【38题详解】 根据空格后的句子“Such misleading content is often fueled by overconfidence in shallow knowledge. (这种误导性内容往往源于对肤浅知识的过度自信。)”可知，空格后提到了“这种误导性内容 (Such misleading content)”，说明空格处必须提及与“误导性内容”相关的概念。A项“Recognizing IOED is critical to fighting against the spread of misinformation.(认识到IOED对于打击虚假信息的传播至关重要。)”中的“misinformation”正好对应了后文的“misleading content”，且该句作为段落首句，引出了本段关于如何避免被肤浅知识误导的讨论，符合语境。 【39题详解】 根据空格前的句子“Prioritize depth over strong beliefs, seek diverse perspectives, avoid jumping to conclusions, and confirm claims.(优先考虑深度而非强烈的信念，寻求多元视角，避免草率下结论，并核实主张。)”可知，前文列举了一系列应对IOED、追求知识深度的具体做法。空格位于段末，通常起总结这些做法的意义或结果的作用。F项“This encourages informed decisions and replaces performative expertise with collaborative learning.(这鼓励了基于充分信息的决策，并用协作学习取代了表演性的专业知识。)”中的This指代了前文所有的建议做法，且“informed decisions”是对前文“Prioritize depth”等行为的积极结果的总结，完美收尾，符合语境。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We all love to criticize, but unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We freely post and comment on others, but feel annoyed at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. Criticism is defined as judgment of the merits (优点) and faults of something or someone in written or spoken form. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what concerns us here. What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage. The culture of criticism isn’t going away. The only way to flourish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is to adopt new habits of getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is to assume that criticism, even when it seems personal, is not actually about you personally. When we receive criticism, we make it personal in two ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks. If taking criticism is particularly hard for you, you are not alone. However, taking criticism badly is more embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off. 40. What will be the results of changing the way we give and take criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What is the difference between constructive and destructive criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) would you gain from learning to accept negative feedback? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. We will be less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback— even when it is negative. 41. Constructive criticism means to provide guidance so we can improve, while destructive criticism aims to cause hurt or damage. 42. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. They take criticism as a judgment on their abilities. 43. Learning to accept negative feedback can help us resist anger more easily and criticize more correctly. In addition, accepting negative feedback can help us put our shortcomings in perspective, correct our mistakes and improve ourselves. 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了批评对我们的影响及我们应如何正确地对待批评。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback— even when it is negative.(幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变我们给予和接受批评的方式，这将使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈)”可知，改变我们给予和接受批评的方式会使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈。故答案为We will be less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage.(让我们烦恼的是负面的批评，即使是善意的所谓建设性的批评，也意味着提供指导，让我们提高。最糟糕的是破坏性的批评，它的目的是造成伤害或破坏)”可知，建设性的批评是指提供指导，使我们能够改进，而破坏性的批评旨在造成伤害或损害。故答案为Constructive criticism means to provide guidance so we can improve, while destructive criticism aims to cause hurt or damage. 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks.(第二，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们天生能力的判断，而不是对我们的表现的判断。有趣的是，研究表明，即使是在年幼的孩子中，将批评视为对一个人能力的判断，也会导致自我价值降低、积极情绪降低、任务坚持度降低)”可推知，接受批评的孩子自我价值较低，因为他们把批评当成对自己能力的评判，而不是表现得判断。故答案为Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance./They take criticism as a judgment on their abilities. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。根据文章最后一段“If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off.(如果我们努力学习接受负面反馈，我们就会变得更好)”可知，学习接受负面反馈能帮助我们更容易抵制愤怒，同时更正确地进行批评。此外，接受负面反馈还能帮助我们正确地看待自己的不足，纠正错误并提高自己。故答案为Learning to accept negative feedback can help us resist anger more easily and criticize more correctly. In addition, accepting negative feedback can help us put our shortcomings in perspective, correct our mistakes and improve ourselves. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在你们学校的网站看到你们学校组织了“我的年度词（My Word of the Year）”的学生活动，发来邮件询问你的年度词。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 你的年度词是什么； 2. 你选该词的理由。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to hear from you and share my “Word of the Year”—“Resilience”. This year has been filled with challenges, from heavy academic pressure to personal setbacks. However, I’ve learned that resilience helps me bounce back from difficulties. When facing tough exams, I didn’t give up but studied harder. When dealing with interpersonal conflicts, I stayed calm and found solutions. Resilience is like a strong rope that supports me through tough times. It makes me believe that I can overcome anything with perseverance. What’s your word of the year? Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim写封邮件，说明你的年度词是什么以及你选该词的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的：thrilled→excited 压力：pressure→stress 然而：however→nevertheless 处理：deal with→cope with 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This year has been filled with challenges, from heavy academic pressure to personal setbacks. 拓展句：This year has been filled with challenges, which varied from heavy academic pressure to personal setbacks. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Resilience is like a strong rope that supports me through tough times. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] It makes me believe that I can overcome anything with perseverance. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) （请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $