02单元语法现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦现在完成时与一般过去时区别，通过分层递进的题型设计构建“概念梳理-基础应用-综合转换”的知识巩固路径，适配单元复习需求，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础概念层|两种时态核心区别特征|知识梳理填空，引导学生内化语法规则| |基础应用层|时态标志词与时间状语辨析|单项选择（如第5题“in 2006”与“for 20 years”对比），强化基础考点识别| |综合转换层|时态转换与语境应用|完成句子（如第90题同义改写）和单词拼写（如第49题时态呼应），提升语言综合运用能力|

02 单元语法 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 （解析版） 一、知识梳理 1．_________ 2．_________ 3．_________ 4．_________ 【答案】1．发生 2．过去 3．持续 4．影响 【解析】1．现在完成时“表示到目前为止已经发生的事情”。故填：发生。 2．一般过去时“强调动作发生在过去”的特点。故填：过去。 3．现在完成时“强调动作的持续”的用法。故填：持续。 4．现在完成时“强调动作对现在的影响”的用法。故填：影响。 二、单项选择 5．Her grandfather ________ a car in 2006. He ________ the car for 20 years. A．buys; has bought B．bought; has had C．buys; has had D．bought; has bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她的祖父在2006年买了一辆车。他拥有这辆车已经20年了。 buy买，动词原形；bought买，动词过去式；has bought已经买了，瞬间性动词；has had已经拥有，延续性动词。第一空，根据“in 2006”可知，此句为一般过去时，排除选项A和C；第二空，根据“for 20 years”可知，需用现在完成时，且要用延续性动词。故选B。 6．—I haven’t seen the Kenyan visitor ________. What about you? —I have ________ met him once. A．already; yet B．yet; already C．ever; never D．never; ever 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我还没见过那位肯尼亚游客。你呢？——我已经见过他一次了。 already已经，常用于肯定句；yet还，仍，常用于否定句和疑问句；ever曾经；never从不。第一句是否定句用yet，第二句是肯定句用already。 7．My brother ________ in the countryside for three years, and he still stays there now. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我哥哥已经在乡下住了三年了，他现在仍然住在那里。 根据时间状语“for three years”以及后半句“he still stays there now”可知，居住的动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时，应填has lived。 8．We ________ lots of new tourist attractions over the past ten years. A．create B．created C．have created D．will create 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，我们已经创建了许多新的旅游景点。 根据时间状语“over the past ten years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 9．Look! The streets are much wider. They ________ the streets last month. A．build B．built C．have built D．are building 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看！街道宽多了。他们上个月修建了这些街道。 根据时间状语“last month”可知，动作发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时，动词用过去式built。 10．—How long has your grandma lived in the new house? — ________ last Spring Festival. A．For B．Since C．In D．At 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你奶奶住在新房子里多久了？——自从去年春节以来。 For长达，后接持续性时间段；Since自从，后接过去的时间点；In在，用于年份、月份、季度前；At在，用于具体时刻前。答语“last Spring Festival”是过去的时间点，在现在完成时中，since后面搭配时间点，应填Since。 11．I know the old manager well. We ________ classmates in junior high school ten years ago. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我很了解这位老经理。十年前我们在初中是同学。 are是；were是；have been已经是；will be将是。根据时间状语“ten years ago”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的状态，时态应用一般过去时。主语“We”是复数，be动词过去式用were。 12．________ your family ________ to live in a small old flat when you were little? A．Did; used B．Were; use C．Did; use D．Was; used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你小的时候，你的家人曾经住在一个又小又旧的公寓里吗？ used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事，其一般疑问句结构为Did + 主语 + use to do sth.，不能使用used，也不能用be动词were/was开头。 13．He ________ in this farm factory for six years, and he ________ here in 2020. A．worked; came B．has worked; came C．has worked; has come D．works; comes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他在这家农场工厂已经工作六年了，并且他是2020年来这里的。 根据“for six years”可知，第一空表示动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时has worked；根据“in 2020”可知，第二空表示过去具体时间点发生的动作，时态应用一般过去时came。 14．We ______ fifty trees on Tree Planting Day yesterday. A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天植树节我们种了五十棵树。 plant动词原形；planted动词过去式；have planted现在完成时；were planting过去进行时。根据时间标志词“yesterday”可知，本句描述过去发生的动作，要用一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式形式。 15．I ______ many new friends since I entered junior high school. A．make B．made C．have made D．will make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从我进入初中以来，我已经交了许多新朋友。 根据句中“since”可知，since引导的时间状语从句通常与现在完成时连用，表示动作从过去持续到现在。应填have made。 16．—When ______ you ______ the new sports hall? —Last month. A．do; visit B．did; visit C．have; visited D．will; visit 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你什么时候参观的新体育馆？——上个月。 根据答语“Last month”可知，动作发生在过去，时态应为一般过去时。特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形”，因此第一空填did，第二空填visit。 17．Great changes ________ in our city in the past few years. A．take place B．took place C．have taken place D．are taking place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。 根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时（have/has+ 过去分词）。主语“Great changes”是复数，助动词用have，take的过去分词为taken。 18．My uncle ______ in the countryside for three years, so he knows the life there well. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的叔叔在乡下已经工作了三年，所以他很了解那里的生活。 works工作，一般现在时；worked工作，一般过去时；has worked已经工作，现在完成时；will work将工作，一般将来时。根据时间状语“for three years”及后半句“so he knows the life there well”可知，动作从过去持续到现在并对现在造成影响，需用现在完成时。应填has worked。 19．The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I ________ it three times so far. A．have seen B．am going to see C．saw D．see 【答案】A 【详解】句意：电影《哪吒2》值得一看。到目前为止我已经看过三次了。 考查现在完成时。由“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时。故选A。 20．With the help of my teacher, I ________ much progress in English since last year. A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在老师的帮助下，我自去年以来在英语方面取得了很大的进步。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选D。 21．I saw Harry in February and I ________ him since then. A．didn’t see B．won’t see C．haven’t seen D．don’t see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我在二月份见过哈利，从那以后就再也没见过他。 考查动词时态。根据“since then”可知，时态应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选C。 22．—When did you begin to learn English? —I ________ it when I was six years old. A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．will learn 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你什么时候开始学英语的？——我六岁时学了它。 根据答语中时间状语“when I was six years old”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。 23．My hometown ________ a lot in the past few years. It’s more beautiful now. A．changes B．changed C．has changed D．will change 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的家乡在过去的几年里变化很大。现在它更漂亮了。 根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。主语My hometown是第三人称单数，助动词用has。 24．He ________ to the farm with his classmates last Sunday. A．go B．goes C．went D．is going 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周日他和同学们去了农场。 根据时间状语“last Sunday”，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，应填went。 25．—Watch out! There’s broken glass (碎玻璃) on the floor. —Sorry, I _________ it. A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．am not seeing D．saw 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——小心！地板上有碎玻璃。——抱歉，我刚才没看见它。 根据“Sorry”及语境可知，没看见玻璃是发生在说话之前的过去动作，强调过去的事实，应用一般过去时的否定形式。应填didn’t see。 26．—Why do you always listen to this song? —It’s my favourite. I ________ this song since I ________ it for the first time. A．loved; heard B．have loved; heard C．loved; have heard D．have loved; have heard 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你为什么总是听这首歌？——它是我的最爱。自从第一次听到它以来，我就一直喜欢这首歌。 在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句通常用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在；从句用一般过去时，表示过去的时间点。第一空为主句，应用have loved；第二空为从句，应用heard。 27．—Have you ________ read The Three Body Problem? —No, never, but I have heard of it. A．just B．still C．yet D．ever 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你曾经读过《三体》吗？——不，从来没有，但我听说过它。 just“刚刚”；still“仍然”；yet“还（用于否定句）；已经（用于疑问句）”；ever“曾经”。问句询问是否“曾经”读过，答语用“never”明确否定，ever用于疑问句表示“曾经”最符合语境；just表时间太近，still表延续，yet常放句末且侧重“已经”，均不匹配，故选ever。 28．—Where is Tom? I haven’t seen him all morning. —He ________ to the AI lab to try the new virtual sports machine. He ________ there for an hour. A．has gone; has been in B．has been; has gone C．has been; has gone to D．has gone; has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——汤姆在哪里？我整个上午都没见到他。——他去人工智能实验室试用新的虚拟运动机器了。他在那里已经一个小时了。 根据“Where is Tom?可知汤姆不在现场，第一空表示“去了某地未回”，应用has gone；根据“for an hour”可知第二空需用延续性动词，has gone是瞬间动词，has been表示状态可延续，且there为副词，前面不加介词in。 29．Betty, a girl from the UK, ________ in China from 2019 to 2023. A．stayed B．stays C．is staying D．will stay 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Betty，一个来自英国的女孩，从2019年到2023年待在中国。 根据时间状语“from 2019 to 2023”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。因此选用stayed。 30．It rained heavily yesterday evening. People ________ safe places when the flood came. A．find B．found C．were finding D．are finding 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨晚雨下得很大。当洪水来临时，人们找到了安全的地方。 根据时间状语“when the flood came.”及从句谓语“came”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。应填found。 31．—Jenny, your bike is working again. —Yes. My friend Edward ________ it for me yesterday. A．repaired B．is repairing C．has repaired D．will repair 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——詹妮，你的自行车又能正常骑了。 ——是的，我的朋友爱德华昨天帮我修理好了它。 根据答语中的时间状语“yesterday”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式repaired。 32．So far, they ________ several meetings to discuss their plans for a field trip. A．have B．had C．are having D．have had 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到目前为止，他们已经召开了几次会议来讨论他们的实地考察计划。 根据时间状语“So far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词。主语“they”是复数，助动词用have；实义动词have的过去分词是had，因此填have had。 33．—Jack ________ some changes to his lifestyle recently. —So he is much healthier than before. A．makes B．has made C．will make 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——杰克最近对他的生活方式做出了一些改变。——所以他比以前健康多了。 根据时间标志词recently以及答句体现的改变带来的现在结果，句子要用现在完成时，has made符合语境及要求。 34．In the past few years, I ________ many Chinese stories through my photos. A．tell B．told C．have told D．will tell 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去几年里，我通过我的照片讲述了许多中国故事。 根据时间状语“In the past few years”，表示已经完成的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，应填have told。 35．The new bridge ________ for over two years, and it helps people travel easily. A．has opened B．has been open C．was open D．is opened 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座新桥已经开通两年多了，它帮助人们轻松出行。 句中“for over two years”是持续时间段，表示状态从过去一直持续到现在，要使用现在完成时，谓语需要具备延续含义。has opened中open作动词意为“开放”，是短暂性动词，不能和for+时间段连用；was open一般过去时，仅表示过去的状态，暗含现在已经不再开放；is opened一般现在时被动语态，强调“被开通”这个瞬间动作，不能与for+时间段连用；has been open中open是形容词，be open表示“开放的”，是延续状态。现在完成时has been open可以与时间段连用，表示从过去持续至今，应填has been open。 36．—How long ________ you ________ this dictionary? —For just a week. I think it’s very useful. A．have; bought B．have; had C．did; buy D．will; buy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你拥有这本字典多久了？——仅仅一周。我觉得它很有用。 根据“How long”及答语“For just a week”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需为延续性动词。buy是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用；have表示“拥有”，是延续性动词。现在完成时结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语是you，第一空填助动词have，第二空是have的过去分词had。 37．—Where is your cousin? —He ________ Beijing. He won’t be back until next Friday. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．went to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你表弟在哪里？——他去了北京。直到下周五他才会回来。 has been to曾经去过；has gone to去了（尚未返回）；has been in待在某地；went to去了（一般过去时）。根据答句 “won’t be back until next Friday”可知，人现在不在此处，已经去往北京还未回来。 38．—________ you ever ________ to the Great Wall? —Yes, I went there in 2023. A．Have; gone B．Did; go C．Have; been D．Do; go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过长城吗？——是的，我2023年去过那里。 根据关键词“ever”可知问句应用现在完成时，排除B、D选项。have been to表示“去过某地（已回）”，强调经历；have gone to表示“去了某地（未回）”。结合答语可知说话人有过该经历且已返回，应用have been to。 39．My father ________ smoking two years ago, and he ________ at all now. A．gave up; doesn’t smoke B．gives up; didn’t smoke C．gave up; won’t smoke D．gives up; isn’t smoking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父亲两年前戒烟了，他现在根本不抽烟。 根据时间状语two years ago可知，第一空描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，give的过去式为gave；根据时间状语now可知，第二空描述现在的状态，应用一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，否定句借助助动词doesn’t。故选A。 40．—When ________ you ________ your old friend? —I ________ him last Sunday afternoon. A．did; see; saw B．have; seen; saw C．did; see; have seen D．have; seen; have seen 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你什么时候见到你的老朋友的？——我上周日下午见到他的。 根据答语中具体过去时间状语“last Sunday afternoon”可知，句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式saw；问句中When提问具体过去时间，助动词用did，后接动词原形see。应填did; see; saw。 41． —Can I borrow your bike? —Sorry, I ________ it to Li Lei. He ________ it for two days. A．lent; has kept B．borrowed; has borrowed C．lent; has borrowed D．borrowed; has kept 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我能借你的自行车吗？——对不起，我把它借给李磊了。他已经借了两天了。 lend借出，borrow借入，keep保留。第一空，表示“把车借给李磊”，lend sth to sb表示“把某物借给某人”，lend的过去式是lent；第二空，根据时间状语“for two days”可知，谓语动词需用延续性动词，borrow为瞬间动词，keep为延续性动词，故用has kept。 42．—________ you ________ your lunch? —Yes, I ________ it at school. A．Did; have; had B．Have; had; had C．Did; have; have had D．Have; had; have had 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你吃过午饭了吗？——是的，我在学校吃的。 根据句意，询问中午是否吃过饭，强调过去动作（吃午饭）对现在的影响（现在不饿、不用再吃了），用现在完成时“Have you had”；回答时明确“在学校吃的”为过去语境，用一般过去时“had”。应填Have; had; had。 43．—How many times ________ your brother ________ to Shanghai? —Twice. He likes the city very much. A．has; gone B．has; been C．have; been D．did; go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你哥哥去过上海多少次？——两次。他非常喜欢这座城市。 根据答语Twice可知询问的是过去的经历，应用现在完成时，表示“去过某地（已回）”用have been to，表示“去了某地（未回）”用have gone to，此处指经历，排除A、D；主语your brother是第三人称单数，助动词应用has，排除C。故选B。 44．—I ________ find my keys anywhere. —Don’t worry. Maybe they are in your bag. A．can’t B．couldn’t C．haven’t D．don’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我到处都不能找到我的钥匙。——别担心。也许它们在你的包里。 can’t不能；couldn’t不能（过去式）；haven’t没有；don’t不。本句表达现在没有能力、无法找到钥匙，应用一般现在时。情态动词can的否定形式can’t意为“不能、无法”，后接动词原形find，表示现在找不到。couldn’t是can’t的过去式，表示过去没有能力。haven’t不能直接接动词原形find。don’t find是助动词否定，侧重“不去找”，不表示“找不到”，应填can’t。 45．Mr.Green ________ in Beijing for 5 years, and then he ________ to Shanghai in 2023. A．lived, moved B．has lived, moved C．has lived, has moved D．lived, has moved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：格林先生在北京住了5年，然后在2023年搬到了上海。 根据时间状语“in 2023”可知，第二空表示过去具体时间点发生的动作，应用一般过去时，故第二空填moved，排除 C、D 选项；结合语境可知，住在北京的动作发生在搬家之前且已结束，不持续到现在，第一空也应用一般过去时lived。故选A。 46．—Can I ________ your book? —Sorry. Tom ________ my book and he ________ it for two weeks. A．lend; kept; has kept; B．borrow; has borrowed; has kept C．borrow; borrowed; has kept D．lend; has kept; has borrowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我能借一下你的书吗？——抱歉。汤姆借走了我的书，他已经借了两周了。 lend借出 (主语把东西借给别人)；borrow借入 (主语从别人那里借东西)；keep保留、持有，延续性动词。第一空表示“我借你的书”，应用“borrow”。第二空表示“汤姆借走了我的书”，描述过去发生的动作，可用一般过去时“borrowed”。第三空“for two weeks” (两周) 是时间段，动词应用延续性动词“keep” (持有) 的现在完成时“has kept”。应填“borrow; borrowed; has kept”。 三、单词拼写 47．I’m so happy that I ________ (finish) nearly half of my homework till now. 【答案】have finished 【详解】句意：我很高兴到现在为止我已经完成了将近一半的作业。“till now”表示“到目前为止”，常与现在完成时连用，主语是I，所以用have finished。 48．Who _______ (hide) my basketball behind the tree? It took me a long time to find it. 【答案】hid 【详解】句意：谁把我的篮球藏在树后面了？我花了很长时间才找到它。根据“took”可知是一般去时态．所以空处所在句也为一般过去时。hide的过去式是hid。故填hid。 49．—________ you ________ the film before,Lily? —Yes.I ________ it online the other day. (see) 【答案】 Have seen saw 【详解】句意：——莉莉，你以前看过这部电影吗？——看过，我前几天在网上看了。句中before是现在完成时标志词，主语you，一般疑问句开头用Have，首字母大写；现在完成时结构have/has+过去分词，see的过去分词是seen；the other day意为“前几天”，是一般过去时标志，see的过去式为saw。 50．—________ your sister ________ (come) back from Yunnan? —Yes. She ________ (stay) there for two months to help train teachers in the countryside. 【答案】 Has come stayed 【详解】句意：——你姐姐从云南回来了吗？——是的。她在那里待了两个月，帮忙培训乡村教师。第一句话询问姐姐是否已经从云南返回，强调动作对现在的影响（现在是否在家），要用现在完成时，结构是Have/Has + 动词过去分词。主语your sister是第三人称单数，所以助动词用Has，come的过去分词还是come。回答表明姐姐已经回来了，说明“待在云南”这个动作已经在过去结束，是过去发生的动作，因此用一般过去时，stay的过去式是stayed。 51．The old man _________ last year. He ____________for a year. (die) 【答案】 died has been dead 【详解】句意：老人去年去世了。他已经死了一年了。根据第一空后last year可知，第一句用一般过去时，所以第一空用“die死亡”的过去式died。根据第二空后for a year可知，“for+一段时间”用现在完成时且句中要用延续性动词，而die是短暂性动词，必须用“be+形容词”表示状态的延续；主语He是单数，所以助动词用has，后面接be的过去分词been，再加die的形容词“dead无生命的”。故填died；has been dead。 52．—Where ________ you ________ before joining this company? —I ________ in the IT department of a start-up for two years. (work) 【答案】 did work worked 【详解】句意：——在加入这家公司之前，你在哪里工作？ ——我在一家初创企业的信息技术部门工作两年。第一句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，构成疑问句时需用助动词did，谓语动词用原形work。第二句，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式worked。 53．I ________ really busy recently, so I ________ out too much. (be) 【答案】 have been haven’t been 【详解】句意：我最近真的很忙，所以我不太出门。根据“recently”提示，第一空表示从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语I为第一人称，be的过去分词是been；第二空根据“too much”及句意，表示“不太出门”，应用现在完成时的否定形式haven’t been。 54．I ________ (never eat) western breakfast before. 【答案】have never eaten 【详解】句意：我以前从未吃过西式早餐。句中含有“before”，表示“以前”，常用于现在完成时。现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语为I，助动词用have；never放在助动词和过去分词之间；eat的过去分词为eaten。 55．Many new buildings ________ (appear) in our school in recent years. 【答案】have appeared 【详解】句意：近几年来，我们学校出现了许多新建筑。时间标志“in recent years”是现在完成时的提示词，主语“Many new buildings”为复数，现在完成时结构为“have+过去分词”，appear的过去分词是appeared。应填have appeared。 56．My brother ________ (visit) the museum last summer. 【答案】visited 【详解】句意：我的哥哥去年夏天参观了这座博物馆。visit“参观”，动词；时间状语“last summer”提示句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式visited。 57．Our English teacher ________ (praise) us yesterday morning. 【答案】 praised 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师昨天早上表扬了我们。句中yesterday morning为过去时间标志，动词需使用过去式，praise的过去式是praised。 58．I used to ________ (ride) bike to school. 【答案】ride 【详解】句意：我过去常常骑自行车去上学。ride“骑”，动词。句中“used to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“过去常常做某事”，to后接动词原形，故填ride。 59．They __________ (be) in this village since 10 years ago. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：他们自从十年前就住在这个村子里。句中“since 10 years ago”是现在完成时标志性时间状语，代表动作从过去延续至今，空格在句中作谓语，主语They为复数，be的过去分词形式为been，现在完成时复数主语搭配have，故填have been。 60．Li Ming ________ (read) three novels since last month. 【答案】 has read 【详解】句意：自从上个月以来，李明已经读完了三本小说。“since last month”是现在完成时的标志，结构为：have/has+动词过去分词。主语Li Ming是第三人称单数，助动词用has；read的过去分词还是read。 61．Lucy’s mother ________ (teach) her how to plant flowers two hours ago. 【答案】taught 【详解】句意：两小时前露西的妈妈教她怎么种花。时间状语two hours ago表示过去的时间，句子要用一般过去时，动词teach的过去式为taught。 62．The boy has ________ (sleep) for the whole day after the final exam. 【答案】 slept 【详解】句意：期末考试结束后，这个男孩睡了一整天。句中出现了助动词“has”，且伴有时间状语“for the whole day”，表明句子应使用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词，动词sleep变过去分词形式为slept。 63．As soon as I got home from the long trip, I ________ (lie) on my bed and fell asleep quickly. 【答案】 lay 【详解】句意：我一从长途旅行回到家，就躺在床上很快就睡着了。句中“got”和“fell”都是一般过去时，说明整个事情发生在过去，所以“lie”也用过去式。此处“lie”表示“躺”，其过去式为“lay”（注意不是“lied”，“lied”是“说谎”的过去式）。故填lay。 64．We ________ (learn) English for five years. 【答案】have learned 【详解】句意：我们已经学习英语五年了。句中“for five years”为时间段，是现在完成时标志性时间状语，表示动作从过去持续到现在。主语We是复数，现在完成时结构为“have+动词过去分词”，learn的过去分词为learned。 65．My parents ________ (consider) my plan for a long time, but they say no. 【答案】have considered 【详解】句意：我的父母考虑我的计划已经很长时间了，但他们说不。句中“for a long time”为一段持续的时间状语，应用现在完成时表示“已经考虑了很长时间”，并且已经完成导致“say no”的结果。现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语为“My parents”，助动词用have，consider的过去分词在结尾加ed。故填have considered。 66．Suddenly, a boy ________ (fall) over and knocked the books down the shelves. 【答案】fell 【详解】句意：突然，一个男孩摔倒了，把书架上的书碰掉了。并列连词and连接两个并列谓语，后半句动词knocked是过去式，前半句时态需保持一致；fall的过去式为fell。 67．They ________ (not return) the books to the library yet. 【答案】haven’t returned 【详解】句意：他们还没有把书归还到图书馆。yet 是现在完成时标志性词汇，多用于否定句、疑问句；句子主语they为复数，现在完成时否定结构为“主语+haven’t+动词过去分词”；return的过去分词为returned。 68．My sister ________ (move) to this town five years ago. 【答案】moved 【详解】句意：我的姐姐五年前搬到这个镇上。根据时间标志词“five years ago”（五年前）可知本句为一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式，move的过去式是moved。故填moved。 69．________ your brother ever ________ (climb) that high mountain? 【答案】 Has climbed 【详解】句意：你的哥哥曾经爬过那座高山吗？ever是现在完成时标志词，主语your brother是第三人称单数，现在完成时疑问句用Has+主语+过去分词；climb的过去分词是climbed。故①填Has，②填climbed。 70．We ________ (learn) English for six years. 【答案】have learned/have learnt 【详解】句意：我们已经学习英语六年了。learn“学”，根据“for six years”可知，该句是现在完成时，主语是“We”，助动词填have，动词改为过去分词learned/learnt。故填have learned/have learnt。 71．Lisa ________ (use) to be short, but now she is tall. 【答案】used 【详解】句意：丽莎过去很矮，但现在她很高。used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，用于对比过去和现在的状态；句中后半句“but now she is tall”体现今昔对比，因此填used。 72．Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years. 【答案】have taken 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。时间状语“in the past ten years”表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间，用现在完成时。主语“Great changes”是复数，助动词用have；take的过去分词是taken。故填have taken。 73．—________ you ________ (see) the film yet? —Not yet. I plan to see it this weekend. 【答案】 Have seen 【详解】句意：——你看过这部电影了吗？——还没有。我计划这周末去看。句末“yet”是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时的结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是第二人称you，助动词用have，置于句首，首字母大写；see的过去分词为seen。 74．My father ________ (work) in this factory since 2015. 【答案】has worked 【详解】句意：我爸爸自2015年以来就在这家工厂工作。since 2015是现在完成时的标志，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语My father是第三人称单数，助动词用has，work的过去分词是worked。 75．So far, the government ________ (build) several new parks for the citizens. 【答案】has built 【详解】句意：到目前为止，政府已经为市民修建了好几座新公园。“so far”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，主语“the government”为单数，助动词用has，build为动词，表示“建造”，其过去分词为built。故填has built。 76．—When ________ you ________ (buy) your new bike? —I ________ (buy) it last month. 【答案】 did buy bought 【详解】句意：——你什么时候买的你的新自行车？——我上个月买的。 第一、二空：根据答句中的时间状语last month，可知问句为一般过去时；特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？”，buy是实义动词，需借助助动词did并提到主语you前，构成疑问句，助动词后面的实义动词要用原形buy。第三空：last month为一般过去时的时间标志，谓语动词要用过去式，buy的过去式是bought。故填did；buy；bought。 77．People ________ (not plant) trees on the hill yet. They will do it next week. 【答案】haven’t planted 【详解】句意：人们还没有在山上种树。他们下周会去种。句尾的yet是现在完成时的典型标志词，意为“还、仍然”，多用于否定句或疑问句中，强调到目前为止还未完成的动作；现在完成时的否定结构为“have/has + not + 过去分词”，本句主语People是复数概念，对应的助动词用have，动词plant的过去分词是planted，所以填haven’t planted。 78．—How long ________ your uncle ________ (keep) this book? —For two weeks. 【答案】 has kept 【详解】句意：——你叔叔借这本书多久了？——两周。句中“How long”对一段时间提问，结合“For two weeks.”提示动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时；keep为延续性动词，主语your uncle是第三人称单数，助动词用has，keep的过去分词为kept。 79．The little town ________ (become) much more beautiful than before. 【答案】has become 【详解】句意：这个小镇已经变得比以前漂亮多了。句子强调小镇现在对比过去产生的变化，要用现在完成时；主语“the little town”是单数，助动词使用has，become为动词，表示“成为；变得”，其过去分词还是become。应填has become。 80．We ________ (live) in this city for over ten years, so we know it very well. 【答案】have lived 【详解】句意：我们已经在这座城市居住十多年了，所以我们非常了解它。时间状语“for over ten years”表示动作从过去持续到现在，时态用现在完成时“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语We是复数，助动词用have，live的过去分词为lived。 81．—________ Jim ________ (finish) his homework? —Yes, he has. He did it an hour ago. 【答案】 Has finished 【详解】句意：——吉姆已经写完作业了吗？——是的，他写完了，一小时前就做完了。观察答句用助动词has回应，可知问句是现在完成时的一般疑问句，结构为“助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词”；主语Jim是第三人称单数，对应的助动词用Has，位于句首首字母大写；动词finish的过去分词形式是finished。 82．Tom ________ (visit) the science museum every month when he was in Beijing. 【答案】visited 【详解】句意：汤姆在北京的时候每个月都参观科学博物馆。句中“when he was in Beijing”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。visit的过去式直接加‑ed。 83．Susan ________ (join) the club two weeks ago. 【答案】joined 【详解】句意：苏珊两周前加入了这个俱乐部。句中“two weeks ago”是一般过去时的时间标志，表示两周前发生的动作，谓语动词join要使用过去式joined，因此填joined。 84．In recent years, people’s sense of self-protection ________ (increase) greatly. 【答案】has increased 【详解】句意：近年来，人们的自我保护意识大大增强。时间状语“In recent years”提示，时态用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，主语“people’s sense of self-protection”是单数，助动词用has，increase的过去分词为increased，故填has increased。 85．It is now the third time that he ________ (read) this novel. 【答案】has read 【详解】句意：这是他第三次读这本小说了。句型“It is the+序数词+time that…”表示“这是第几次做某事”，that从句要用现在完成时，强调动作完成、过往经历；从句主语he为第三人称单数，助动词用has，read的过去分词还是read，故填 has read。 86．My cousins ________ (not decide) where to go on holiday yet. 【答案】 haven’t decided/have not decided 【详解】句意：我的堂兄妹们还没决定假期去哪。 标志词yet (还) 用于现在完成时；主语复数，助动词用have，否定haven’t，decide变过去分词decided。故填haven’t decided/have not decided。 87．My classmate Susan ________ (drop) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out of the window. 【答案】dropped 【详解】句意：我的同学苏珊把她正在读的小说丢在桌子上，望向窗外。“and”连接并列谓语，后面“looked”是过去式，因此drop也需用过去式dropped。 88．—________ you ________ (see) the new movie that just came out? —No, I ________ (be) too busy with my schoolwork last week. 【答案】 Have seen was 【详解】句意：——你看过刚上映的那部新电影吗？——没有，我上周太忙于我的学业了。 第一空询问“到现在为止是否看过”，强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语为you，故填have seen，句首首字母大写；由“last week”可知，使用一般过去时，主语为I，故填was。 89．—________ you ________ (see) the film before? —Yes, I ________. —Where ________ you ________ (see) it? —At the Queen’s Cinema. 【答案】 Have seen have did see 【详解】句意：——你以前看过这部电影吗？ ——是的，我看过。 ——你在哪里看的这部电影？ ———在女王影院。第一句出现标志性时间词before，这是现在完成时的典型提示词。现在完成时一般疑问句结构：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词，主语是you，助动词选Have；see的过去分词是seen，所以①填Have，②填seen。第二句是现在完成时的肯定简略回答，其格式为：Yes, 主语 + have/has，主语是I，因此③填have。第三句提问过去看电影的地点，“看电影”属于过去发生的一次性动作，要使用一般过去时。 一般过去时特殊疑问句结构：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形，因此④填did，⑤填see。 四、完成句子 90．He joined the army three years ago. (改为同义句) He ________ ________ in the army for three years. 【答案】 has been 【详解】句意：他三年前参军了。join the army和be in the army都表示“参军”。但join是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，需改为延续性状态be的现在完成时have/has been，主语为第三人称单数，用has。故填has；been。 91．She has already finished reading the book. （改为否定句） She ________ finished reading the book. 【答案】hasn’t 【详解】句意：她已经完成阅读这本书了。题目要求改为否定句，助动词“has”应改为否定形式“hasn’t”，表示她还没有完成阅读这本书。故填hasn’t。 92．They used to play basketball after school.（改为一般疑问句） ________ they ________ to play basketball after school? 【答案】 Did use 【详解】句意：他们过去放学后常常打篮球。原句的谓语结构是used to do sth.（表示“过去常常做某事”），变为一般疑问句时，需要借助助动词did，同时助动词后的谓语动词要还原为原形use，因此两处空分别填Did和use。 93．I bought a new computer yesterday. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ you ________ yesterday? 【答案】 What did buy 【详解】句意：我昨天买了一台新电脑。画线部分是a new computer，对物提问用What。一般过去时变疑问句借助于did，动词bought还原为buy。句首首字母大写。故填What；did；buy。 94．The movie began ten minutes ago. （改写句子） The movie ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 【答案】 has been on 【详解】句意：电影十分钟前开始了。begin和be on都表示电影开始，但begin是短暂性动词不能与时间段“for ten minutes.”连用，需变成be on，主语为单数，助动词用has，故填has been on。 95．May已经把这本书读了两遍并且她决定把这本书借给她的朋友。 May ________ ________ the book twice and she has decided to lend it to her friend. 【答案】 has read 【详解】原句关键词为“已经读了”，用“have read”表示；该空位于主语May之后，have变为has，因“已经”和“twice”提示完成，且后文有现在完成时“has decided”并列，故用has read。 96．Cathy和Amy已经两年没有回过家乡了。她们非常想念她们的家乡并且希望明年能回去。 Cathy and Amy ________ ________ ________ to their hometown for two years. They miss their hometown a lot and hope to return to the place next year. 【答案】 haven’t been back 【详解】根据中文“已经……两年了”及时间状语“for two years”可知，句子应用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词），表示动作或状态从过去持续到现在。主语“Cathy and Amy”是复数，因此助动词使用have；“没有回过”表示否定含义，且强调“回来”的状态，“回来”应用短语be back表示。现在完成时的否定结构为“have/has+not+过去分词”，be的过去分词是been。故填haven’t；been；back。 97．我的爸爸过去经常吸烟，但是他现在讨厌它的味道。 My dad ________ ________ smoke, but now he hates the smell of it. 【答案】 used to 【详解】原句中“过去经常”是关键词，表示“过去常常做某事”的固定短语是used to do sth.。故填used；to。 98．当我到家时，我非常疲倦，因此放弃了做饭。 When I got home, I was so tired that I ________ ________ cooking. 【答案】 gave up 【详解】原句关键词为“放弃”，用“give up”表示；该空位于that从句中作谓语，因从句got为过去时，故用过去式gave up。 99．我给他写了封信，感谢他帮我做项目。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ to say thanks for helping me with the project. 【答案】 wrote him a letter 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“给他写了封信”。“给某人写信”可用短语write sb. a letter。根据中文“写了”可知动作发生在过去，故动词write用过去式wrote；him他，代词宾格作间接宾语；a letter一封信，作直接宾语。故填wrote；him；a；letter。 100．去年，我经常为一些小事和父母争吵，但现在我努力心平气和地和他们沟通。 Last year, I often ________ ________ my parents over small things, but now I try to talk with them peacefully. 【答案】 argued with 【详解】原句中“和……争吵”是关键词，表示“和某人争吵”的短语是argue with sb.，时间状语“Last year”提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，谓语动词argue用过去式argued。 101．Frank often reads books after school. (用yesterday 改写句子) Frank ________ ________ after school yesterday. 【答案】 read books 【详解】句意：弗兰克昨天放学后看书了。 原句是一般现在时，时间状语替换为yesterday，句子要改为一般过去时； 动词read的过去式依然为read，books保持不变。 102．We have lived in this neighborhood since 2018. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ have you lived in this neighborhood? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：我们自2018年起就住在这个社区了。原句中划线部分“since 2018”是时间状语，表“从……开始”，对其提问需用疑问词“how long”（多久），用于询问动作持续的时间长度。句首首字母大写，应填How；long。 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 02 单元语法 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 （原卷版） 一、知识梳理 1．_________ 2．_________ 3．_________ 4．_________ 二、单项选择 5．Her grandfather ________ a car in 2006. He ________ the car for 20 years. A．buys; has bought B．bought; has had C．buys; has had D．bought; has bought 6．—I haven’t seen the Kenyan visitor ________. What about you? —I have ________ met him once. A．already; yet B．yet; already C．ever; never D．never; ever 7．My brother ________ in the countryside for three years, and he still stays there now. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live 8．We ________ lots of new tourist attractions over the past ten years. A．create B．created C．have created D．will create 9．Look! The streets are much wider. They ________ the streets last month. A．build B．built C．have built D．are building 10．—How long has your grandma lived in the new house? — ________ last Spring Festival. A．For B．Since C．In D．At 11．I know the old manager well. We ________ classmates in junior high school ten years ago. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 12．________ your family ________ to live in a small old flat when you were little? A．Did; used B．Were; use C．Did; use D．Was; used 13．He ________ in this farm factory for six years, and he ________ here in 2020. A．worked; came B．has worked; came C．has worked; has come D．works; comes 14．We ______ fifty trees on Tree Planting Day yesterday. A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planting 15．I ______ many new friends since I entered junior high school. A．make B．made C．have made D．will make 16．—When ______ you ______ the new sports hall? —Last month. A．do; visit B．did; visit C．have; visited D．will; visit 17．Great changes ________ in our city in the past few years. A．take place B．took place C．have taken place D．are taking place 18．My uncle ______ in the countryside for three years, so he knows the life there well. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 19．The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I ________ it three times so far. A．have seen B．am going to see C．saw D．see 20．With the help of my teacher, I ________ much progress in English since last year. A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made 21．I saw Harry in February and I ________ him since then. A．didn’t see B．won’t see C．haven’t seen D．don’t see 22．—When did you begin to learn English? —I ________ it when I was six years old. A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．will learn 23．My hometown ________ a lot in the past few years. It’s more beautiful now. A．changes B．changed C．has changed D．will change 24．He ________ to the farm with his classmates last Sunday. A．go B．goes C．went D．is going 25．—Watch out! There’s broken glass (碎玻璃) on the floor. —Sorry, I _________ it. A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．am not seeing D．saw 26．—Why do you always listen to this song? —It’s my favourite. I ________ this song since I ________ it for the first time. A．loved; heard B．have loved; heard C．loved; have heard D．have loved; have heard 27．—Have you ________ read The Three Body Problem? —No, never, but I have heard of it. A．just B．still C．yet D．ever 28．—Where is Tom? I haven’t seen him all morning. —He ________ to the AI lab to try the new virtual sports machine. He ________ there for an hour. A．has gone; has been in B．has been; has gone C．has been; has gone to D．has gone; has been 29．Betty, a girl from the UK, ________ in China from 2019 to 2023. A．stayed B．stays C．is staying D．will stay 30．It rained heavily yesterday evening. People ________ safe places when the flood came. A．find B．found C．were finding D．are finding 31．—Jenny, your bike is working again. —Yes. My friend Edward ________ it for me yesterday. A．repaired B．is repairing C．has repaired D．will repair 32．So far, they ________ several meetings to discuss their plans for a field trip. A．have B．had C．are having D．have had 33．—Jack ________ some changes to his lifestyle recently. —So he is much healthier than before. A．makes B．has made C．will make 34．In the past few years, I ________ many Chinese stories through my photos. A．tell B．told C．have told D．will tell 35．The new bridge ________ for over two years, and it helps people travel easily. A．has opened B．has been open C．was open D．is opened 36．—How long ________ you ________ this dictionary? —For just a week. I think it’s very useful. A．have; bought B．have; had C．did; buy D．will; buy 37．—Where is your cousin? —He ________ Beijing. He won’t be back until next Friday. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．went to 38．—________ you ever ________ to the Great Wall? —Yes, I went there in 2023. A．Have; gone B．Did; go C．Have; been D．Do; go 39．My father ________ smoking two years ago, and he ________ at all now. A．gave up; doesn’t smoke B．gives up; didn’t smoke C．gave up; won’t smoke D．gives up; isn’t smoking 40．—When ________ you ________ your old friend? —I ________ him last Sunday afternoon. A．did; see; saw B．have; seen; saw C．did; see; have seen D．have; seen; have seen 41． —Can I borrow your bike? —Sorry, I ________ it to Li Lei. He ________ it for two days. A．lent; has kept B．borrowed; has borrowed C．lent; has borrowed D．borrowed; has kept 42．—________ you ________ your lunch? —Yes, I ________ it at school. A．Did; have; had B．Have; had; had C．Did; have; have had D．Have; had; have had 43．—How many times ________ your brother ________ to Shanghai? —Twice. He likes the city very much. A．has; gone B．has; been C．have; been D．did; go 44．—I ________ find my keys anywhere. —Don’t worry. Maybe they are in your bag. A．can’t B．couldn’t C．haven’t D．don’t 45．Mr.Green ________ in Beijing for 5 years, and then he ________ to Shanghai in 2023. A．lived, moved B．has lived, moved C．has lived, has moved D．lived, has moved 46．—Can I ________ your book? —Sorry. Tom ________ my book and he ________ it for two weeks. A．lend; kept; has kept; B．borrow; has borrowed; has kept C．borrow; borrowed; has kept D．lend; has kept; has borrowed 三、单词拼写 47．I’m so happy that I ________ (finish) nearly half of my homework till now. 48．Who _______ (hide) my basketball behind the tree? It took me a long time to find it. 49．—________ you ________ the film before,Lily? —Yes.I ________ it online the other day. (see) 50．—________ your sister ________ (come) back from Yunnan? —Yes. She ________ (stay) there for two months to help train teachers in the countryside. 51．The old man _________ last year. He ____________for a year. (die) 52．—Where ________ you ________ before joining this company? —I ________ in the IT department of a start-up for two years. (work) 53．I ________ really busy recently, so I ________ out too much. (be) 54．I ________ (never eat) western breakfast before. 55．Many new buildings ________ (appear) in our school in recent years. 56．My brother ________ (visit) the museum last summer. 57．Our English teacher ________ (praise) us yesterday morning. 58．I used to ________ (ride) bike to school. 59．They __________ (be) in this village since 10 years ago. 60．Li Ming ________ (read) three novels since last month. 61．Lucy’s mother ________ (teach) her how to plant flowers two hours ago. 62．The boy has ________ (sleep) for the whole day after the final exam. 63．As soon as I got home from the long trip, I ________ (lie) on my bed and fell asleep quickly. 64．We ________ (learn) English for five years. 65．My parents ________ (consider) my plan for a long time, but they say no. 66．Suddenly, a boy ________ (fall) over and knocked the books down the shelves. 67．They ________ (not return) the books to the library yet. 68．My sister ________ (move) to this town five years ago. 69．________ your brother ever ________ (climb) that high mountain? 70．We ________ (learn) English for six years. 71．Lisa ________ (use) to be short, but now she is tall. 72．Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years. 73．—________ you ________ (see) the film yet? —Not yet. I plan to see it this weekend. 74．My father ________ (work) in this factory since 2015. 75．So far, the government ________ (build) several new parks for the citizens. 76．—When ________ you ________ (buy) your new bike? —I ________ (buy) it last month. 77．People ________ (not plant) trees on the hill yet. They will do it next week. 78．—How long ________ your uncle ________ (keep) this book? —For two weeks. 79．The little town ________ (become) much more beautiful than before. 80．We ________ (live) in this city for over ten years, so we know it very well. 81．—________ Jim ________ (finish) his homework? —Yes, he has. He did it an hour ago. 82．Tom ________ (visit) the science museum every month when he was in Beijing. 83．Susan ________ (join) the club two weeks ago. 84．In recent years, people’s sense of self-protection ________ (increase) greatly. 85．It is now the third time that he ________ (read) this novel. 86．My cousins ________ (not decide) where to go on holiday yet. 87．My classmate Susan ________ (drop) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out of the window. 88．—________ you ________ (see) the new movie that just came out? —No, I ________ (be) too busy with my schoolwork last week. 89．—________ you ________ (see) the film before? —Yes, I ________. —Where ________ you ________ (see) it? —At the Queen’s Cinema. 四、完成句子 90．He joined the army three years ago. (改为同义句) He ________ ________ in the army for three years. 91．She has already finished reading the book. （改为否定句） She ________ finished reading the book. 92．They used to play basketball after school.（改为一般疑问句） ________ they ________ to play basketball after school? 93．I bought a new computer yesterday. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ you ________ yesterday? 94．The movie began ten minutes ago. （改写句子） The movie ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 95．May已经把这本书读了两遍并且她决定把这本书借给她的朋友。 May ________ ________ the book twice and she has decided to lend it to her friend. 96．Cathy和Amy已经两年没有回过家乡了。她们非常想念她们的家乡并且希望明年能回去。 Cathy and Amy ________ ________ ________ to their hometown for two years. They miss their hometown a lot and hope to return to the place next year. 97．我的爸爸过去经常吸烟，但是他现在讨厌它的味道。 My dad ________ ________ smoke, but now he hates the smell of it. 98．当我到家时，我非常疲倦，因此放弃了做饭。 When I got home, I was so tired that I ________ ________ cooking. 99．我给他写了封信，感谢他帮我做项目。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ to say thanks for helping me with the project. 100．去年，我经常为一些小事和父母争吵，但现在我努力心平气和地和他们沟通。 Last year, I often ________ ________ my parents over small things, but now I try to talk with them peacefully. 101．Frank often reads books after school. (用yesterday 改写句子) Frank ________ ________ after school yesterday. 102．We have lived in this neighborhood since 2018. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ have you lived in this neighborhood? 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $