主题语境二 (一)话题11 良好的人际关系与社会交往-【优化探究】2027年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（话题版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“人与社会”主题下“社会服务与人际沟通”核心内容，覆盖阅读理解、七选五、词汇语法、应用文及读后续写等高考核心考点。对接高考评价体系，分析近三年全国卷真题（如2023新课标Ⅰ卷群体智慧论述文、2022全国乙卷异地友谊七选五），明确“观点态度题”“逻辑衔接题”等高频题型分布，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题精读+考点突破+素养提升”策略，如以2019全国Ⅰ卷青少年受欢迎度语篇为例，通过“段落结构分析法”破解主旨题，培养思维品质；核心词汇如argue的“争论/说服”多义辨析、as引导让步状语从句的倒装结构解析，提升语言能力。提供写作词块库与句式模板，助力学生掌握得分技巧，教师可依此精准规划复习，高效提升学生应试能力。

主题语境二 人与社会 主题（一） 社会服务与人际沟通 话题11　良好的人际关系与社会交往 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 主题链接教材 主题链接高考 核心考点突破 主题链接写作 主题链接教材 【话题对接教材】 外研版 必修第一册　Unit 4　Friends forever 译林版 必修第一册　Unit 3　Getting along with others 选择性必修第四册　Unit 2　Understanding each other 北师大版 选择性必修第一册　UNIT 1　RELATIONSHIPS 选择性必修第四册　UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS 【教材语篇助记】 A 教材版本：译林版　改编单元：必修第一册 Unit 3 Getting along with others Amy has been close with her 1. (good) friend since primary school. They always stay together, 2. (do) many things. They 3. (plan) to go to the cinema together last Saturday afternoon, but in the morning her friend said she had a cold and couldn’t make 4. . She believed 5. her friend said. However, best doing had planned it what someone told her that her friend 6. (chat) with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon. Her friend’s “illness” was a complete lie, which made her very 7. (anger). Cindy thinks that Amy should find an opportunity 8. (talk) with her friend 9. (frank) and solve the problem together, while David thinks she can decide whether their friendship will last 10. not. was chatting angry to talk frankly or B 教材版本：译林版　改编单元：选择性必修第四册 Unit 2 Understanding each other Every day we communicate with people around us. Much of what we communicate 1. (depend) not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them. Communication is the exchange of information 2. a sender and a receiver. The sender encodes a message 3. sends it face to face, or through video, telephone, mail or social media. In response, the receiver sends an encoded message back. depends between and This communication process can be complex and 4.___________ (challenge) but, with practice and patience, we can become a highly competent communicator. 5. (accomplish) this, we need to know with 6. we are communicating and his/her basic information. And we can then use it to determine how best to communicate with them. challenging To accomplish whom While 7. (communicate) with others, we not only use words but also use a lot of body language. When we notice a change in the other’s body language, we should make 8.___________ (adjust) to how we will communicate accordingly. Body language is surely important in communication, but the value of empathy shouldn’t 9. (understate). We should learn to put ourselves in others’ shoes and look at 10. situation from their perspective. In this way, the communication is more effective. communicating adjustments be understated the C 教材版本：北师大版　改编单元：选择性必修第四册 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS According to research, the average person regularly 1. (communicate) with 7-15 people. And 5-10 people 2. are closest to us in fact are involved in most of our communication. Nevertheless, 3. seems that we are closer to the rest of the world than we think. “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that through 4. chain of five other people at most, one person can 5. (successful) connect to any other person. communicates who it a successfully In the 1950s two scientists made an attempt 6. (prove) the theory mathematically, but they still failed to have any success even 20 years later. In 1967, Stanley Milgram, an American sociologist, tried using a new method to test the theory. He randomly selected a sample of people in the middle of America, 7. (ask) them to send packages to a stranger in Massachusetts. Surprisingly, only 5-7 forwarders were needed to get the parcels 8.__________ (deliver). The results were released and published in a bimonthly magazine and inspired the phrase“Six Degrees of Separation”． to prove asking delivered In the last few 9. (decade), the theory and the phrase 10. (appear) again in films and TV programs. Later, two college students invented a game whose idea was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon through no more than six links. decades have appeared 主题链接高考 Passage 1　阅读理解(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·D) On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 【真题再做】 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。作者从几个角度探讨了群体智慧，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。 32 33 34 35 32．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect. C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。通读第二段的内容可知，本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的潜在逻辑。故选B项。 32 33 34 35 32 33 34 35 33．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ． A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.”和第三段中的“when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion...independent individuals”可知，Navajas的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，平均正确度依旧会提升。故选D项。 32 33 34 35 32 33 34 35 34．What did the follow-up study focus on? A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members. C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，在后续的研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论过程中做了什么。故可推知，后续研究的重点应是小组讨论的过程。 32 33 34 35 32 33 34 35 35．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A．Unclear.　　　　　 B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 答案：D 解析：观点态度题。最后一段作者说，虽然Navajas的研究有局限性，但是从他的研究看，团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的。由此判断，作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度。 32 33 34 35 【语篇精读】 1907 年，Galton提出“群体智慧”效应，Navajas团队新研究发现分组讨论后的群体估算比同等独立个体更准确，具有重要启示。 (一)词汇识记 1． adj.相互关联的 2． adj.占优势的，占支配地位的 3． n．可能的影响；暗示 4． adj.巨大的 5． v．获得；存在；(尤指经努力)赢得 6． adj.轻蔑的；鄙视的 correlated dominant implication enormous obtain dismissive 7． adj.后续的 8．respond vi.& vt.回应，回复→ n．回应，回复 9．argue v．争论；辩论→ n．论点；论据 10．reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小→ n．减少；降低 follow-up response argument reduction (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate.(average基本义：adj.平均的n.平均数)_____________________ v.计算出……的平均数 (三)词块释义 The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. [结构分析]　句中的第一个that引导表语从句，而这个表语从句的主句是the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals，这个表语从句中有一个when引导的时间状语从句。that were allowed to have a discussion是先行词为smaller groups的定语从句。those指代的是上文提到的相同类别事物the averages。 [尝试翻译]　_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 该项研究的核心发现是，当人群被进一步分成允许 进行讨论的更小的组的时候，这些小组得出的平均估计比同样数 量的独立个体的平均估计更准确。 Passage 2　阅读七选五(2022·全国乙卷) 【真题再做】 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了维持远距离友谊的5种方法。 Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 ． A．Remember important dates B．Compensate by writing letters C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 36．答案：D 解析：空前提到双方忙碌，可能会难以找到时间打电话。根据该段小标题“Set a regular date”可知，此段主要建议朋友间设定一个固定的时间来联系，对应选项D中的“Try to find a time that works for both of you”，故选D。 ·More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. A．Remember important dates B．Compensate by writing letters C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 37．答案：E 解析：根据空前的“Make sure you have communicated...for you both.”以及空后的“There are...a group chat.”可知，空处内容应与交流方式相关。空前的“what method works best for you both”与选项E中的their preferred methods of communication对应，故选E。 ·Practise empathy (共情) 38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. A．Remember important dates B．Compensate by writing letters C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 38．答案：G 解析：该段中的“The friend who is remaining”、“the friend who has moved”分别对应选项G中的“the one who was left behind”、“the friend who left”，故选G。 ·______ Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. 39 A．Remember important dates B．Compensate by writing letters C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 39．答案：A 解析：根据语境和常识可知，下文中的anniversaries and birthdays均为重要的日子，再结合该段中的“keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates”可知，故选A。 ·Don’t rely on technology alone 40 ， but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A．Remember important dates B．Compensate by writing letters C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 40．答案：F 解析：空后“long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain”表示“长距离友谊，即使是亲密的朋友之间，也可能需要更有意识的努力来维持”，又根据空后的but可知，空处内容应与空后内容形成转折，F项“通过社交媒体获得联系感是很容易的”符合语境。 【语篇精读】 (一)词汇识记 1． n．特征，特点 2． adj.可替代的；另外的 n．可供选择的事物 3． adj.固定不变的，不断的 4． v．重新开始；重新建立 characteristic alternative constant renew (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1．Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.(slip基本义：v.滑倒；溜；滑落)_____________________________ 2．Don’t rely on technology alone.(alone基本义：adj.& adv.单独；独自)____________ v.(想法或事实)被遗忘，被忽略 adv.仅仅 (三)词块释义 1．With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. [结构分析]　本句是一个简单句。with busy schedules是介词短语作状语；squeezing in phone calls是动名词作主语。 [尝试翻译]　____________________________________________ 在忙碌的日程中，挤出时间打电话可能是个挑战。 2．More isn’t always merrier. [结构分析]　否定句中，系动词和always连用，表示不完全否定，意为“不总是”。 [尝试翻译]　____________________ 并不总是多多益善。 3．The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. [结构分析]　本句是主从复合句。含有两个who引导的定语从句，都修饰其前面的先行词friend, placed on the friend...为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the additional time demands。 [尝试翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________ 留下来的朋友需要对已经搬走的朋友的所有额外时 间要求体察入微。 4．The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. [结构分析]　in the new environment 是the one的定语；that your friend may feel abandoned是the fact 的同位语从句。 [尝试翻译]　_____________________________________________ ___________________ 身处新环境的人应该对你的朋友可能会感到被抛弃 的事实感到同情。 5．Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. [结构分析]　本句是一个简单句。谓语是carry, more weight是宾语；carry even more weight 在本句中的含义是“更为重要”。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________ 纪念日和生日在异地友谊中显得更为重要。 6．Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. [结构分析]　although technology might make day-to-day communication possible是让步状语从句；goes a long way的意思是“起重要的作用，有很大的帮助”。例如“A little kindness goes a long way.”意为“小小的善意也可以起重要的作用/也有很大的帮助。” [尝试翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________ 虽然科技可能使日常交流成为可能，但在特殊的日 子里，额外的努力会大有帮助。 Passage 3　阅读理解(2019·全国Ⅰ卷·D) During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.” Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage，” he said. 【真题再做】 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章从社会心理学视角讨论了青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这一青少年心理健康话题。 32．What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A．Unkind.　　　　　　　 B．Lonely. C．Generous. D．Cool. 答案：C 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的关键信息early years of elementary school可定位到第一段的第一句“During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes...”，分析句意和sharing一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。注意不要受本段后几句话尤其是最后一句话的影响而错选A项，因为那是作者青少年时期的情况。 32 33 34 35 33．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The classification of the popular. B．The characteristics of adolescents. C．The importance of interpersonal skills. D．The causes of dishonorable behavior. 答案：A 32 33 34 35 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段的内容以及第二句的句式特点(句中有冒号)，可暂时断定第二句是本段的主旨句。而第三句和第四句分别用“The likables’．..”和“Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence...”引出下文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时我们发现本段第二句中的关键词sort...into...(把……分成……)与A项中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。 32 33 34 35 34．What did Dr.Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids? A．They appeared to be aggressive. B．They tended to be more adaptable. C．They enjoyed the highest status. D．They performed well academically. 答案：B 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment...”可知，Prinstein博士的研究发现，最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。B项中的adaptable与第四段中的adjustment相呼应。 32 33 34 35 35．What is the best title for the text? A．Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last B．The Higher the Status, the Better C．Be the Best—You Can Make It D．More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 答案：A 32 33 34 35 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了研究者的发现：讨人喜欢与积极的人生结果有关。因此，A项作为标题最合适。注意A项中的be nice与原文中的likability、 popularity、 kindness等词相呼应。“Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last”从意义上类似于汉语的“与人为善，于己为善”。这里的finish本义是“获得(名次)；排名”。 32 33 34 35 【语篇精读】 (一)词汇识记 1． n．法律地位；(尤指在社会中的)地位，身份 2． adj.不善良的；刻薄的 3． n．社会地位 4． n．心理学 5． n．种类；范畴 6． n．后果 status mean rank psychology category consequence 7． adj.好斗的；挑衅的 8． adj.令人羡慕的；引起忌妒的 9． n．结果，效果 10．popular adj.普及的；受欢迎的→ n．流行；普及；受欢迎 11．adolescence n．青春期→ n．青少年 12．adjust v．调整；调节→ n．调整 13．relate v．相联系，有关联→ adj.相联系的→ n． 联系，关联 aggressive enviable outcome popularity adolescent adjustment related relation (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1．During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.(rosy基本义：adj.粉红色的)________________________ 2．The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.(tap基本义：n.水龙头；龙头；轻敲)___________ adj.美好的；乐观的 vt.发掘 (三)词块释义 1．They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. [结构分析]　本句是一个复合句。among whom I soon found myself为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词they，而not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others为not...but...“不是……而是……”结构，在句中作方式状语。 [尝试翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 他们地位的提升不是通过待人友善，而是通过吸 烟、违反规则和捉弄别人，不久我也成为那些人当中的一员。 2．Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage... [结构分析]　本句是一个复合句。句中being liked是动名词形式的被动形式作主语，that help somebody gain an advantage是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词life experiences。 [尝试翻译]　_____________________________________________ _____________________ 被人喜欢会给人的学习和有助于一个人获得优势的 新生活体验创造机会。 核心考点突破 ①(人教选必二U3)Put more simply, while people continue to argue whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. ②(译林必修一U2)Heated (argue) and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents. ③They argued him into (cycle) instead of driving there. 1．argue vi.争论，争吵vt.证明；表明 over/about arguments cycling ④Few people can argue the need for improved quality of life. ⑤为了这件事，我和他争论了一整天，但没能说服他。 but failed to convince him. against I argued with him about/over this matter the whole day •argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事 argue for/against (doing) sth.为支持/反对(做)某事而辩论 argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事 •argument n．理由；论据；争论 ◎写作素材 argue them into changing their plan说服他们改变计划 argue for the right to be educated据理力争受教育的权利 have the last word in any argument最后说了算 ①(2025·全国一卷)But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics just 25 percent. ②(北师大选必四U12)My expectations were reduced zero when I was 21. Everything since then has been a bonus. ③The number of employees was reduced 40 to 25. ④地震后，这个村庄变成了废墟。 The village after the earthquake. 2．reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小；使陷入……境地 by to from was reduced to ruins reduce sth.from...to...某物从……减少到…… reduce to...减少到…… reduce by...减少了…… be reduced to沦落为(某种情况或状态) ◎写作素材 reduce the speed减速 be reduced to tears 流下眼泪 the reduction in unemployment失业人数减少 ①The fire resulted eleven people being killed and the destruction of the factory. ②His illness mainly resulted eating bad food. ③He was injured as result of a traffic accident. ④Hard work resulted in his success. →His success hard work. 3．result in导致，引起 in from a resulted from result from 意为“由于……而造成后果”，后接导致某事的原因；result in意为“引起；导致”，后接导致某事的结果。 as a result意为“结果，因此”，后面跟句子。 as a result of...意为“因为；由于；作为……的结果”，后面跟名词或代词。 ◎写作素材 result in excellent grades取得优异的成绩 injuries resulting from a fall因摔倒而受的伤 ① average, boys like playing football better than girls. ②He is working hard and his grades are the average in his class. ③The average of 3，8 and 10 (be) 7. ④ average of ten students haven’t passed the exam in each class. ⑤父母买玩具的花费每年平均为220美元。 →Parents spend $220 on toys every year. →Parents spend $220 on toys every year. 4．average adj.平庸的，普通的n.平均水平；平均数vt.平均为 On above is An an average of on average on (the) average平均来看 above (the) average高于平均水平 below (the) average低于平均水平 an average of...平均有……(后跟数词) the average of...……的平均数 ◎写作素材 at an average speed of 100 miles per hour以平均每小时100英里的速度 children of above/below average intelligence高于/低于一般智力的儿童 walk for an hour at an average speed以平均速度走一小时 ①It shows bamboo can provide a low-carbon, renewable alternative ___ wood, steel and cement. ②The most recent analysis indicated the higher cost of coal has left it as one of the last (alternative) of fuel. ③大部分学生别无选择，只能服从父母的命令或者安排。 Most students their parents’ orders or arrangements. 5．alternative adj.可替代的；另外的n.可供选择的事物 to alternatives had no alternative but to obey alternative energy可替代能源 an alternative to...……的替代品 have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 there is no alternative...别无选择 ◎写作素材 have an alternative solution有一个另外的解决办法 have no alternative but to work hard只有努力工作，别无他法 ①He was sure that other drivers looked at him envy. ②He saw the (envy) look in the other boy’s eyes. ③He is in the (envy) position of having two job offers to choose from. 6．enviable adj.令人羡慕的；引起忌妒的 with envious enviable ④He (envy) her─she seemed to have everything she could possibly want. ⑤不少同学忌妒和羡慕她漂亮的外表和智慧。 and admired her for her good looks and intelligence. envied Quite a few schoolmates envied •envy vt.羡慕，忌妒；庆幸(不必做别人非做不可的事) n．羡慕，忌妒 envy sb.(sth.)羡慕某人(某事) envy sb.doing sth.羡慕某人做某事 out of envy出于忌妒 with envy羡慕地 be the envy of...成为……忌妒/羡慕的对象 •envious adj.羡慕的；忌妒的 be envious of...羡慕…… ◎写作素材 envy him his good looks羡慕他的英俊面容 look with envy at her dress羡慕地看着她的裙子 ①(2025·浙江1月卷)Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural (consequence) of their decisions. ②As consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas. ③Drunk driving has been banned. (consequent), the traffic accidents are decreasing. 7．consequence n．后果，结果；重要性 consequences a Consequently ④(普通表达)All flights have been delayed as a result of the heavy fog. (高级表达)All flights have been delayed _________________________ the heavy fog. as a consequence of/in consequence of •as a consequence＝in consequence结果，因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于；因为……的缘故 be of no consequence (to sb.)(对某人)无关紧要 •consequent adj.随之发生的；必然的 consequently adv.因此；结果 ◎写作素材 answer for the consequences对后果负责 take/suffer/bear the consequences承担后果 the consequent environmental problems also increasingly become the focus随之而来的环境问题也日益成为人们关注的焦点 ①(2025·浙江1月卷)Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more (effective). ②The new law will come effect next month. ③ effect, the state decides how many students will go to university. ④他热情洋溢的演讲对我们学校的学生产生了很大的影响。 His passionate speech the students in our school. 8．have an effect on对……产生影响 effectively into In had a great effect on •effect n．效应；功效；影响 come into effect开始实施 in effect实际上；事实上 •effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的 efficiency n．效率；功效 effectively adv.有效地；实际上 ◎写作素材 have an actual effect 有了实效 have a negative effect产生负面影响 highly effective treatment效果非常显著的治疗方法 ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related paper’s physical properties. ②I am not (relate) to him in any way. ③It’s unfortunate when a father and son can’t relate each other. 9．relate v．联系，有关联；使有联系；把……联系起来；叙述；讲述 to related to ④你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。 →You should write down all the information the problem. (relate) →You should write down all the information the problem. (relation) related to in relation to •relate...to...向……讲述；把……联系起来 relate to...和……有关联 •related adj.有关系的，相关的 be related to 与……有关系 •relation n．联系，关系 in relation to与……有关；关于；与……相比 ◎写作素材 have some comments to make in relation to this matter关于这件事有几点看法 [句型公式]　enviable as the cool kids may have seemed是由as引导的让步状语从句，其中enviable as the cool kids may have seemed＝although the cool kids may have seemed enviable。 10．Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.尽管这些酷孩子们或许看起来是令人羡慕的，但是普林斯坦博士的研究显示的却是不尽如人意的结果。 ①Cheap this mobile phone is, many people refuse to buy it because it’s out of date. ②Try you may, you won’t be able to persuade him. ③Child he is, he likes to be treated like an adult. ④尽管他们尽力了，但还是没能使她改变主意。 , they couldn’t make her change her mind.(倒装) as/though as/though as/though Hard as/though they tried as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，此时as也可用though代替。其结构为： •单数可数名词(无冠词)/形容词＋as/though＋主语＋be＋其他成分 •动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋助动词/情态动词＋其他成分 •形容词/副词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语动词＋其他成分 ◎写作素材 Happy as they were, there was something missing.尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。 主题链接写作 应用文写作(人际交往) (2025·湖北襄阳模拟)你所在的班级计划举办一场“学会感恩，温暖同行”主题班会，旨在促进同学间的友好相处。假定你是班长李华，请你用英语写一份班会策划建议，向班主任 Mr. Wang 汇报，内容包括： 1．班会目的(促进人际关系和谐)； 2．主要活动环节(如分享感恩故事、互动游戏等)； 3．预期效果。 注意：写作词数应为 80个左右。 Dear Mr. Wang， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua 【任务一】　同主题下的词块积累 一、班会类 1． 举办班会 2．themed “Be Grateful and Walk Warmly Together” 以 “学会感恩，温暖同行”为主题 3．activity procedures 活动环节 4．class meeting proposal 班会策划建议 5． 提交建议 hold a class meeting submit a proposal 二、感恩与人际关系类 1． 表达感恩 2．share grateful stories 分享感恩故事 3．promote harmonious relationships 促进和谐关系 4． 与同学友好相处 5．mutual understanding 相互理解 express gratitude get along well with classmates 三、活动与效果类 1．interactive games 互动游戏 2． 增进友谊 3．expected effects 预期效果 4． 增强团队精神 5．create a warm atmosphere 营造温馨氛围 strengthen friendships enhance team spirit 【任务二】　同主题下的句式表达 1．我写这份建议是为了提议举办一场主题班会，以促进同学间的和谐相处。 I’m writing this proposal to __________________________________ ． 2．活动将包括感恩故事分享和互动游戏等环节，帮助大家更好地理解彼此。 The activity will include sessions like _________________________ to help everyone understand each other better. suggest holding a themed class meeting to promote harmonious relationships among classmates sharing grateful stories and interactive games 3．分享环节能让我们回顾同学间的温暖瞬间，增进相互感激之情。 The sharing session allows us to look back on warm moments with classmates and ． 4．我们期待这场班会能营造温馨的班级氛围，让同学间的友谊更加牢固。 We expect this class meeting to and make friendships among classmates stronger. strengthen mutual gratitude create a warm class atmosphere 5．相信通过这些活动，大家能学会感恩，在未来的学习和生活中温暖同行。 We believe that through these activities, everyone can ____________ ． learn to be grateful and walk warmly together in future study and life 【任务三】　完成写作，注意衔接 Dear Mr. Wang， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ I’m writing to submit a proposal for our class meeting themed “Be Grateful and Walk Warmly Together”． The meeting aims to promote harmonious relationships among classmates by fostering gratitude. It will include two main parts: first, students share stories of being helped by classmates; second, an interactive game where we express thanks face to face. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua We expect it to create a warm class atmosphere, strengthen our friendships and help everyone value mutual support. Looking forward to your approval. 读后续写(助人为乐的善良的司机) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn’t heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face.“We made it，” he said. Just then I realized that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message：“Out of order. Sorry”． 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.______________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【任务一】　读懂故事内容，概括原文大意 九月的一个雨夜，“我”因航班延误赶最后一班去布拉格的巴士，打车时遇司机Gunter，历经沟通波折赶到车站后，“我”身无现金且银行卡刷不了，取款机还故障，陷入困境…… 【任务二】　根据段首句设问，预测故事走向 根据续写的第一段首句与第二段首句确定第一段的框架；再根据第二段首句与正能量结尾确定第二段的框架。即：两段首句定一框，二框二首正能量。 Paragraph 1：I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. Paragraph 2：Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. Paragraph 1设问 (提示：根据第一段首句可知，作者跑回去告诉 Gunter 取款机出故障这个消息，由此设问：Gunter作何反应？根据第二段首句可知，四天之后作者回到维也纳，履行诺言给Gunter打了电话，由此设问：作者对Gunter 承诺了什么？) Question 1：What was the bad news? __________________________________________ Question 2：What was Gunter’s reaction to the bad news? ____________________________________________________________________________ Question 3：What promise did I make? ________________________________________________________________________________________ I failed to withdraw cash from the machine. Gunter was generous enough to have me board the bus without paying him the fare. I promised to contact Gunter and pay the fare to him when I was back from the conference. Paragraph 2设问 第二段请仿照第一段格式进行，先引导再提问题。 Question 1：________________________________ Answer 1：______________________________________________ __________ Question 2：_______________________________________ Answer 2：______________________________________________ ______________________ What did I say on the phone? I made an appointment with Gunter to meet him in person. What did I do after meeting with Gunter? I expressed gratitude for his trust in me and offered the fare that I owed to him. Question 3：___________________________________ Answer 3：______________________________________________ _________ What did I learn from the experience? It was kindness and trust that made a difference to the world. 【任务三】　训练表达微技能，增强语言生动性 1．lend a helping hand伸出援手 2．do good deeds 做好事 3．reach out to sb.向某人提供帮助 4．pass on kindness to others in need把善意传递给其他有需要的人 5．make a difference 起作用，有影响 6．an act of kindness 一次善举 【任务四】　内化语言能力，推动情节发展 1．我既惊讶又感动，一句话也说不出来。 So surprised and moved was I ．(倒装句) 2．然后我抓起我的包冲向公共汽车，回头看了看，由衷地喊了声“谢谢”。 Then I my bags and toward the bus, looking back and shouting “Thanks” with all my heart.(并列句) that I couldn’t utter a word grabbed dashed 3．Gunter 一接通电话，我就迫不及待地介绍自己。 Gunter picked up the phone, I couldn’t wait to introduce myself.(时间状语从句) 4．第二天我们见面时，我紧紧地拥抱着他，就像我们是老朋友一样。 As we met the following day, I hugged him tightly we were old friends.(方式状语从句) The moment as if/though 5．他一点也不知道，在那个寒冷潮湿的九月夜晚，他的善举让我的心充满了温暖，我决心从那时起把它传递出去。 Little he know that warmth flooded my heart because of such an act of kindness on that cold, wet September evening, and I _________ pay it forward from then on.(倒装句) did resolved to 【任务五】　书写精彩华章，注意衔接连贯 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.______________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文1] I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.“Sorry, I can’t withdraw cash from the machine.” I explained anxiously, with my face burning. Hearing my words, Gunter replied with the familiar smile on his face, “That’s OK, just go ahead. You can pay me at your convenience.” So surprised and moved was I that I couldn’t utter a word. As the bus queue became shorter, Gunter pointed toward it and urged me, “It is your turn.” Realizing it was time to leave, I took out my notebook, asked Gunter’s number and wrote it down hurriedly. At the same time, I promised firmly that I would call him and pay him back as soon as possible. Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.The moment Gunter picked up the phone, I couldn’t wait to introduce myself. Gunter seemed to know I was going to call, and he said softly, “I know.” We made an appointment to meet at the bus station. As we met the following day, I hugged him tightly as if we were old friends, and I expressed my great gratitude to him. I paid him the money and offered an extra $10 tip. However, he refused the tip, only to accept the taxi fare, saying “It is not a big deal.” Suddenly, a wave of warmth washed over me. It was at that time that I realized that a small act of kindness could make such a big difference! [参考范文2] I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. Then followed an awkward silence. “I really need to catch this bus，” I broke the silence and pleaded, quickly explaining the urgency of attending the crucial conference.“Just go ahead and catch your bus. You can pay me back later.” He pulled a card out of his pocket which had his contact details. Needless to say, I was overjoyed and swore that I would give him a call as soon as I got back to Vienna. Then I grabbed my bags and dashed toward the bus, looking back and shouting “Thanks” with all my heart. Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.He sounded a bit surprised, for he didn’t expect to get my call so soon. I offered to meet up at a coffee shop and he readily went along with it. Gunter showed up as scheduled in his taxi.“What you did meant the world to me, sir！” I handed him the taxi fare. Over some of the most delightful Austrian desserts, Gunter shared some of his fun stories behind the wheel. Little did he know that warmth flooded my heart because of such an act of kindness on that cold, wet September evening, and I resolved to pay it forward from then on. [参考范文3] I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment.“I will call you and return the money. I promise I will keep my word！” I begged sincerely, handing him my business card. Gunter took the card, grabbed a pen, wrote down his phone number on a tiny piece of paper and handed it to me. “I believe you are a decent man.Wish you good luck！” Hearing the words, I sensed a feeling of gratitude washing over me. I jumped out of the car and made a mad run for the bus. Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. We met at the bus station where he dropped me off four days before. I gave him a big hug and paid off my debt. We chatted happily on the way to the airport.“Thanks to your understanding and timely help, I didn’t miss that important conference.” Gunter beamed with a smile，“I just did what I was supposed to do—believe in a stranger.” Upon arriving at the airport, I paid him, with a generous tip this time. We became friends and kept in touch. Trust between human beings is like magic, inspiring us to build a harmonious world. $