主题语境一 (一)话题5 语言学习的规律、方法等-【优化探究】2027年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（话题版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“人与自我—语言学习”主题，依据高考评价体系梳理了词汇运用、语法填空、阅读理解、写作表达四大核心考查维度，通过近五年全国卷及新高考真题分析，明确“细节理解”“推理判断”“语法填空词性转换”等高频考点分布，归纳出阅读七选五、应用文写作等常考题型的答题框架。 课件亮点在于“真题精研+考点突破+素养提升”的备考路径，如以2022新高考Ⅰ卷“语音发展”阅读理解为例，通过“语篇精读+词汇拓展”培养学生语言能力；核心考点突破中“variety用法辨析”结合语境训练提升思维品质；写作部分提供“问题分析+建议提出”词块模板，帮助学生掌握应用文结构，教师可据此精准规划复习，助力学生高效冲刺高考。

主题语境一 人与自我 主题（一） 生活与学习 话题5　语言学习的规律、方法等 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 主题链接教材 主题链接高考 核心考点突破 主题链接写作 主题链接教材 【话题对接教材】 人教版 必修第一册　UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 外研版 必修第一册　Unit 2　Exploring English 【教材语篇助记】 A 教材版本：人教版　改编单元：必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD China is widely known for 1. (it) ancient civilisation. Despite the fact that there are various reasons 2. this has been possible, one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. its why At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language, 3. (date) back several thousand years to the use of longgu. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 4. (become) a well-developed writing system. When Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one 5. (unify) country, the Chinese writing system began to develop 6. one direction. The writing system was of great 7. (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture. dating had become unified in importance China’s present 8. (connect) with its past by written Chinese. Today, the Chinese writing system is still 9. important part of Chinese culture. And more and more people are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this 10._________ (amaze) language. is connected an amazing B 教材版本：外研版　改编单元：必修第一册 Unit 2 Exploring English Have you ever asked 1. (you) why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger or not. This 2.____ (get) me thinking how English can be a crazy language 3.________ (learn). For example, when 4. (travel), we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick 5. a car, but we don’t get homesick yourself got to learn traveling in at home. Besides, why aren’t homework and housework 6. same thing? Even the smallest words can be 7. (confuse). Do you read “WHO” as the “who” in “Who’s that？” You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 8. a house can burn up as it burns down! the confusing which English 9. (invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the 10. (creative) of the human race. was invented creativity 主题链接高考 第一组 Passage 1　阅读理解(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·D) Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking，five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. 【真题再做】 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类语音的演变与人类的饮食变化之间的关联研究。 32 33 34 35 32．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on? A.Its variety.　　　　　 B．Its distribution. C．Its quantity. D．Its development. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段的内容可知，Damián Blasi的研究集中在语音的发展上。故选D项。 32 33 34 35 32 33 34 35 33．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B．They could not open and close their lips easily. C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容“他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，很难产生唇齿音，而唇齿音由下唇接触上牙产生。之后，我们下巴的结构变成了覆咬合结构，这让我们更容易产生这样的声音”可知，古代人的下巴构造使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。 32 33 34 35 32 33 34 35 34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Supporting evidence for the research results. B．Potential application of the research findings. C.A further explanation of the research methods. D．A reasonable doubt about the research process. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。根据第五段的内容“对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，国际语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，‘f’和‘v’的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到”可知，第五段主要列出了一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。故选A项。 32 33 34 35 32 33 34 35 35．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A．It is key to effective communication. B．It contributes much to cultural diversity. C．It is a complex and dynamic system. D．It drives the evolution of human beings. 答案：C 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中Steven Moran所说的话“自人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，今天我们发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等事物相互作用的产物”可知，Steven Moran认为人类语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。 32 33 34 35 【语篇精读】 本文采用“设问引入——研究溯源——核心发现——原因分析——数据佐证——意义总结”的逻辑结构，先提出语音常见度差异问题，再通过研究逐步揭示饮食、咬合与语音的关联，最后点明研究对传统认知的突破。 (一)词汇识记 1． adj.开拓性的，突破性的 2． n．结构 3． n．分析( pl.) 4． n．数据库 5． v．推翻 6． adj.复杂的 7． adj.生物的 ground-breaking structure analysis analyses database overturn complex biological 8． adj.潜在的；可能的 9． adj.动态的；发展变化的 10． v．指出；特别提到 11． adv.惊人地 12． adj.共同的；常见的；普通的 13． n．趋势 potential dynamic note remarkably common trend 14．evidence n．证据，证明→ adj.明显的→ adv.明显地，显然地 15．evolve v．进化；进步；发展→ n．进化 16．vary vi.不同；变化→ n．多样化，变化→ adj.各种各样的；千差万别的→ adj.各种各样的；形形色色的 evident evidently evolution variety various varied (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) It drives the evolution of human beings.(drive基本义：v.驾驶) ________ v.推动 (三)词块释义 1．A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. [结构分析]　本句为主从复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语为led to，在此宾语从句中有一个that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词speech sounds。 [尝试翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________ 一项为期五年的突破性研究表明，由于饮食改变， 人类的咬合发生了变化，从而产生了一些新的语音，这些语音目 前存在于世界上一半的语言中。 2．They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. [结构分析]　本句为主从复合句。they discovered 为主句，that引导宾语从句，making it hard...为现在分词短语作状语，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词labiodentals。 [尝试翻译]　_____________________________________________ ______________________________________ 他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，很难产 生唇齿音，而唇齿音由下唇接触上牙产生。 3．“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. [结构分析]　本句是一个并列句，为not...but...的并列结构。前半句的主干为The set of speech sounds has not necessarily remained stable，后半句的主干为the huge variety of speech sounds is the product of...things。 [尝试翻译]　_____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 研究组成员史蒂芬·莫兰说：“自人类出现以来，我 们使用的这套语音并不是一成不变的。相反，我们今天发现的大 量种类的语音正是多种事物复杂的相互作用下的产物，如生物进 化与文化演变。” Passage 2　语法填空(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 【真题再做】 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教熊猫饲养员英语的经历。 Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach...the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 56. (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57.__________ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 58. ？ 56．答案：arrival 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词before的宾语，跟在定冠词the的后面，需要用名词，arrive的名词形式是arrival。故填arrival。 57．答案：confident 解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与空前的形容词comfortable并列，同作feel的表语，因此，空处也需要填形容词。故填confident。 58．答案：to/with 解析：考查介词。根据下文中的“Not the pandas...They talk to the flood of international tourists”可知，此处的意思是“他们和谁说英语呢”。故填to/with。 Not the pandas, even though 59. language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 60. (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 61.___________ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 62. they need an English trainer. 59．答案：the 解析：考查冠词。空后为单数可数名词language，因此，空处考虑使用冠词起限定作用，根据language后的“used for the medical training instructions”可知，此处表示特指，所以空处应该填定冠词the。 60．答案：visiting 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作前置定语，修饰空后的“Chinese zookeepers”，visit与Chinese zookeepers之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，此处意为“来访的中国动物园管理员”，所以空处需要填visiting。 61．答案：interviews 解析：考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词give的宾语，需要用名词。根据空后的“with international journalists”可知，空处表示复数意义，所以空处需要填interviews。 62．答案：why 解析：考查表语从句的引导词。根据句意“他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语培训师的原因”可知，此处考查固定句型“This is why...”，所以空处需要填why。 So, what are they learning? 63. (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 64. to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 65. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 63．答案：Basically 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作副词修饰整个句子。由于本空位于句首，首字母需要大写，所以空处需要填Basically。 64．答案：and 解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的“to watch...develop”和空后的“to see...home”结构相似，空处考虑使用连词。结合句意“能够关注大熊猫项目的发展并看着大熊猫在新的住处安顿下来是一种荣幸”可知，空处前后是语意上的并列关系，所以空处应该填and。 65．答案：wished 解析：考查动词的时态。根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up”及“Now，I’m living out that dream”可知，空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，故时态应用一般过去时，所以空处需要填wished。 【语篇精读】 (一)词汇识记 1． n．指令；用法说明 adj.说明用法的；操作指南的 2．honor n．荣誉；荣幸 v．尊敬；给予……的光荣→_________ adj.光荣的；诚实的；正直的；尊敬的 3．directly adv.直接地 conj.一……就……→ adv.间接地；不诚实；迂回地 instruction honorable indirectly (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. (flood基本义：n.洪水)_____________________ n.大量(的人或事物) (三)词块释义 第二组 Passage 1　阅读理解(2019·全国Ⅰ卷·B) For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N．Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he’s nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should...should...” Chris trips on the “-ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“...Vote for...me...” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves. “Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities，” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 【真题再做】 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小学教师Whaley通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信的教学实践。 24．What made Chris nervous? A．Telling a story.　　　　 B．Making a speech. C．Taking a test. D．Answering a question. 答案：B 24 25 26 27 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词nervous可定位到第二段第一句，然后再到上文中找使他紧张的原因。根据第一段中的“...today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.”以及“...he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.”可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到了Chris，虽然他看起来像那种喜欢在公共场合讲话的孩子，但是他很紧张。由此可知，演讲使Chris紧张。 24 25 26 27 25．What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Improper pauses. B．Bad manners. C．Spelling mistakes. D．Silly jokes. 答案：A 24 25 26 27 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...you should...should...”以及“...Vote for...me...”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说，有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语except for的语意相呼应。 24 25 26 27 26．We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to . A．help students see their own strengths B．assess students’ public speaking skills C．prepare students for their future jobs D．inspire students’ love for politics 答案：A 24 25 26 27 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.”可知，Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，他还希望这些学生学会自夸。A项意为“帮助学生看到自己的长处”，与原文意思相符。 24 25 26 27 27．Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A．Humorous. B．Ambitious. C．Caring. D．Demanding. 答案：C 24 25 26 27 24 25 26 27 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，Whaley老师通过创办“总统竞选项目”，组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信。且根据第二段中的“His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him, whispering support.”以及“...Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.”等细节也可以看出，Whaley老师是一个关心学生的老师。 【语篇精读】 (一)词汇识记 1． n．& v．耳语；暗示；私下说 2． n．& v．投票，选举；表决 3． n．移民 4． v．请求准许离开；找借口；原谅，宽恕 n．借口，理由 5． v．暂停，停顿，中止；踌躇 n．暂停；间歇 whisper vote immigrant excuse pause 6． adj.发光的，闪亮的；(成就)辉煌的 7． vt.增加，提高；抚养；筹款；饲养 n．上升；加薪；高地 8． n．方式，方法；举止；态度 9． adj.要求严格的；费力的 10． adj.总统的；与总统有关的 11． n．运动；战役 vi.参加运动；从事竞选活动 shining raise manner demanding presidential campaign 12．except prep.除……之外→ n．例外→ adj.杰出的，非凡的；特别的→ adv.极其，非常 13．amaze vt.使吃惊→ adj.吃惊的；惊讶的→__________ adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的→ n．吃惊，惊愕→ adv.令人惊讶地；惊奇地 14．proper adj.适当的→ adj.不正确的；不适当的→ adv.适当地；正确地 exception exceptional exceptionally amazed amazing amazement amazingly improper properly (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) Chris trips on the “-ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.(trip基本义：n.旅途)_________ v.磕巴 (三)词块释义 “It takes a lot for any student，”Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’” [结构分析]　本句的基本结构是：“It takes a lot for any student to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”。who is learning English as their new language是定语从句，修饰先行词a student。 [尝试翻译]　_____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 惠利解释道：“对于任何一个学生来说，要有足够的 信心说‘我不知道，但我想知道。’都需要付出很多，尤其是对于 一个把英语作为新语言来学习的学生来说。” Passage 2　阅读理解(2018·全国Ⅰ卷·C) Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1，000; Africa 2，400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 【真题再做】 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。 28 29 30 31 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number. C．They had similar patterns. D．They were closely connected. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.”可知，一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有500万到1 000万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言。由此可推断，采猎文明时期的语言种类很多，B项表示语言的种类很多，符合语境。A项曲解文义，文中提到采猎文明时期语言很多，但这不代表语言发展快。C、D两项颠倒是非，根据第一段中的“small, tightly knit groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other”可知，这些语言是相互独立的，不具有相似模式，语言间也没有密切联系。 28 29 30 31 29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2? A．Complex.　　　　　 B．Advanced. C．Powerful. D．Modern. 答案：C 28 29 30 31 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被如英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，这就暗示出这些语言是“占优势的”，故选C项powerful (强大的，有影响力的)。complex复杂的；advanced先进的；modern现代的。 28 29 30 31 30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present? A．About 6，800. B．About 3，400. C．About 2，400. D．About 1，200. 答案：B 28 29 30 31 解析：数字计算题。根据第三段中的“At present, the world has about 6，800 languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语言；再根据本段中最后一句“The median number of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。 28 29 30 31 31．What is the main idea of the text? A．New languages will be created. B．People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages. C．Human development results in fewer languages. D．Geography determines language evolution. 答案：C 28 29 30 31 解析：主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象，故C项概括全面。A项颠倒是非，文章介绍的是语言的减少而不是新语言的创造。B、D两项无中生有，文中没有提到人们的生活方式会反映到语言上，也没有提到地理决定语言的发展。 28 29 30 31 【语篇精读】 (一)词汇识记 1． vt.生活于，居住于 2． adv.紧紧地；坚固地 3． n．工业化 4． adj.普遍的；共同的；全世界的；普遍存在的 5． adj.必须做的，强制的，强迫的；义务的 6． n．全球化 populate tightly industrialisation universal compulsory globalisation 7． adv.越来越多地；不断增加地 8． adv.相对地；相当地；相当程度上 9． adj.总的；完全的 n．总额；总数；合计；总计 vt.共计 10． adj.上了年纪的 n．老人 11．distribute vt.分发，分配，分送→ n．经销商；分销商→ n．分发，分配 increasingly relatively total elderly distributor distribution 12．survive vi.& vt.幸存；活下来→ n．幸存→________ n．幸存者 13．depend v．依靠；取决于→ adj.依赖的→ ____________ n．依赖，依靠→ n．独立→ adj.独立的；单独的→ adv.独立地；单独地 survival survivor dependent dependence independence independent independently (二)词块释义 Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1，000；Africa 2，400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. [结构分析]　本句为主从复合句。of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800是定语从句，修饰3，200。 [尝试翻译]　_____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 欧洲只有大约200种语言；美洲约有1 000种；非洲 有2 400种；亚洲和太平洋地区可能有3 200种，其中，仅巴布亚 新几内亚独立国就有远远超过800种(的语言)。 核心考点突破 ①There are (variety) of plants in the forest. ②The menu varies the season. ③人们会由于种种原因改变主意。 People change their mind for reasons. 1．variety n．多样化；变化 varieties with a variety of/varieties of •a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的 •vary vt.& vi.改变，变化；不同 vary with...随着……而变化 vary from...to...在……与……之间变化 •various adj.各种各样的 ◎写作素材 collect data from various sources从各种渠道收集资料 ①How does she manage to keep (she) figure when she eats so much? ②How do you figure what you want to see? ③We figure on your (come) early to help us. ④我们花了大约一个小时才弄清楚如何找到回家的路。 It took us approximately one hour ______________________________ ． 2.figure out弄明白；计算 her out coming to figure out how to find the way home figure n．人像，人形；数字；身材；人物 v．计算；认为 keep one’s figure保持身材 figure on计划；打算；指望 figure sth.in将某物包括/计算在内 ◎写作素材 figure out how to start the equipment搞清楚如何启动设备 take pride in your health and your figure为你的健康和身材感到自豪 the two sets of figures 两组数据 ①The teacher told the students to work out the problem a different manner. ②It is bad (manner) to give feedback by chattering away constantly. ③以下是我对在中国如何注意餐桌礼仪的建议。 The following are my suggestions _______________________________ ． 3．manner n．方式；方法；举止；态度；礼貌；礼仪；习俗 manners in on how to mind your table manners in China in a/an...manner以……的方式 It’s bad/good manners to do sth.做……是没有/有礼貌的。 table manners餐桌礼仪 ◎写作素材 try to adopt a more relaxed manner试着采取一种更加放松的方式 conduct myself in a professional manner 以专业的态度行事 ①He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of (amazing) white teeth. ②To her (amaze), she found a stream that flowed down the hill. ③这个可怜的男孩还捐赠了一些硬币给这个项目，这让我们很惊讶。 The poor boy also donated some coins to the project，______________ ． 4．amazingly adv.惊人地，令人惊奇地 amazingly amazement which made us amazed •amaze vt.使惊讶 amazed adj.大为惊奇的；惊讶的 amazing adj.令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的 •amazement n．惊奇，惊愕 to one’s amazement让某人惊讶的是 ◎写作素材 look at him in amazement惊愕地望着他 have amazing powers of recall有惊人的记忆力 ①Some of the victims are complaining loudly about the uneven (distribute) of emergency aid. ②The money was distributed schools in the area. ③我告诉那些国际学生，茶在全国各地都有广泛的分布。 I told those international students that ____________________________ ． 5．distribute vt.分发，分配，分送 distribution among tea is widely distributed all over the country •distribute...to...把……分发给…… distribute...among...在……中分发…… •distribution n．分配，分发；分布状态 ◎写作素材 distribute food to the earthquake victims向地震灾民分发食品 distribute the topping evenly over the fruit将配料均匀地撒在水果上 ①It is said that body language accounts 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent. ②He had to leave his beloved basketball team account of his injured legs. ③ no account can we ignore the value of knowledge, as well as practical experience. ④如果你能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could ． 6．account for说明，解释；(数量上、比例上)占 for on On take my application into account account n．描述，报道；账户；解释，说明vt.认为是，视为 on account of由于，因为 take...into account/consideration考虑到……，把……考虑进去 on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) ◎写作素材 open/close an account开/销户 give a full account of the incident 详尽地叙述所发生的事情 ①A plane crashed yesterday, and there were no (survive). ②Amy’s only chance of (survive) was a liver transplant. ③生活不在于如何在风暴中幸存而在于学会在风雨中翩翩起舞。 Life isn’t about ；it’s about learning to dance in the rain. 7.survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；比……活的时间长 survivors survival how to survive the storm •survive sth.在……中幸免于难，挺过…… survive on sth.靠……存活 survive sb.by...years比某人多活了……年 •survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存，幸免 ◎写作素材 Life is not just about survival, but also about poetry and distant places.生活不仅仅是为了生存，还有诗和远方。 [句型公式]　while在句中是并列连词，表示对比。 ①Americans are still texting while (drive), as well as using social networks and taking photos. 8．The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people，while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.一般规律是，温和地区的语言相对较少，通常有很多人说，而炎热潮湿地区的语言较多，通常只有少数人说。 driving ②The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients， a cheater might use it to control potential victims. ③有些运动通常在室内进行，而另一些则在室外进行。 Some sports are usually done indoors， ． while while others are done outdoors •while作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”； •while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”； •while可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。 ◎写作素材 Peace of mind can make you think quickly while anger can make you lose your mind.心平气和可以使你思维敏捷，然而，愤怒却会使你失去理智。 主题链接写作 应用文写作(语言学习) (2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．说明问题；2.提出建议。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Dear Ryan， I’m Li Hua from Class 3.________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【任务一】　同主题下的词块积累 一、分析问题类 1． 语言熟练程度差距 2．one-sided 单向沟通 3． to speak缺乏开口说话的信心 4．insufficient 练习机会不足 5． 降低学习效果 6． 沟通中感到压力 language proficiency gap communication lack of confidence practice opportunities reduce learning effectiveness feel pressured in communication 二、提出建议类 1． 按英语水平分组 2． 允许自由选择搭档 3． 满足个性化学习需求 4． 促进互动沟通 5． 提高口语练习效率 6． 调整分组方式 group by English level allow free partner selection meet individual learning needs promote interactive communication improve oral practice efficiency adjust grouping methods 【任务二】　同主题下的句式表达 1．我写信是想谈谈课后口语练习随机两人分组可能存在的问题。 of the random two-person grouping for after-class oral practice. 2．一个大问题是学生间的语言水平差距：有些处于基础水平，而有些则更熟练。 A big problem is the language proficiency gap between students—some are at basic levels, . I’m writing to talk about the possible problems while others are more advanced 3．如果基础学习者和熟练学习者配对，前者可能会因开口感到压力，而后者可能得不到足够练习。 , the former may feel pressured to speak, and the latter may not get enough practice. 4．为解决这个问题，我想知道是否可以按英语水平而非随机分组。 To solve this, I wonder if we could be grouped __________________ . If basic learners are paired with advanced ones by our English levels instead of randomly 5．另一个选择是让我们自由选搭档，这能让我们更愿意积极练习。 Another option is letting us choose partners freely, _______________ . which can make us more willing to practice actively 【任务三】　完成写作，注意衔接 Dear Ryan， I’m Li Hua from Class 3.________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ I’m writing to share my thoughts on the random two-person grouping for after-class oral practice. The main problem is the language proficiency gap. Basic learners may feel pressured to speak with advanced classmates and stay silent, while advanced ones may lack effective practice. This reduces learning effectiveness. I suggest grouping us by English level or ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua letting us pick partners freely. Both ways can help us communicate more comfortably and improve our oral English better. 读后续写(为朋友学手语) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Daniel was the new boy in our school. The teacher assigned me to him. He couldn’t hear or talk. So he had an adult with him. She explained what professors were teaching in sign language. Sometimes I got caught staring at him and my friends teased me all day. I noticed him going everywhere all alone with no friends at all. Sometimes I felt worried, maybe even concerned. We were assigned as lab partners and surprisingly he wasn’t as bad as I thought. We would both sit quietly and do our work. But when it came to communication and his translator wasn’t there, it was a mess. At first, I could barely understand what he was doing with his hands. I could see in his eyes that he was getting annoyed at me. From trying to communicate in sign language he moved to pictures and words. That worked well for both of us, but my drawing skills were not as good as his, so I stuck to words and gestures. The second semester went by well and quickly. Daniel and I understood each other pretty well. I could understand some of his hand movements. I realized that Daniel was different from anyone I’d ever met. When he saw that people couldn’t understand him, he came up with another way of communicating. His artistic ability was matchless. Then he became my best friend and we both understood each other pretty well despite our differences. During the winter break, I tried to get Daniel to play some games with me and to my surprise he was better than I had expected. I also learned a lot from him. 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 I decided to learn sign language secretly and planned to give Daniel a surprise.__________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Daniel was not close with me.____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【任务一】　读懂故事内容，概括原文大意 文章以“我”的视角，按时间顺序与关系递进展开，整体遵循“开端(人物登场与初始状态)——发展(合作契机与冲突解决)——高潮与结局(关系深化与友谊收获)”的经典故事结构，清晰呈现了“我”与Daniel从陌生到成为挚友的过程。 【任务二】　根据段首句设问，预测故事走向 根据续写的第一段首句与第二段首句，确定第一段的框架；再根据第二段首句与正能量结尾，确定第二段的框架。即：两段首句定一框，二框二首正能量。 Paragraph 1: I decided to learn sign language secretly and planned to give Daniel a surprise. Paragraph 2: Daniel was not close with me. Paragraph 1设问 (提示：根据第一段首句可知，作者决心学习手语，由此设问：作者如何努力学习手语？根据第二段首句可知，Daniel不与作者亲近，由此设问： Daniel 误会作者的原因是什么？) Question 1: How would I learn sign language? ________________________________________________________ Question 2: Was the learning hard for me? What would I do then? _________________________________________________ Question 3: While I was keeping a secret, what would Daniel think of me? ________________________________________________________ ___________________ I learnt it diligently by attending courses and practising repeatedly. Yes. I devoted much of my spare time to practising it. Daniel misunderstood me because I did not spend so much time as before with him. Paragraph 2设问 第二段请仿照第一段格式进行，先引导再提问题。 Question 1：_______________________________________ Answer 1：________________________________________ Question 2：_________________________________ Answer 2：______________________________________________ Question 3：_____________________________________________ Answer 3：______________________________________________ ___________________________________ How did I clear up the misunderstanding? I communicated with Daniel in sign language. How did Daniel react to the surprise? He first felt amazed and then was touched by my efforts. What effects did the incident have on our friendship? Our bond became stronger with smoother communication and deep mutual trust. 【任务三】　训练表达微技能，增强语言生动性 语言学习 1．take it seriously 认真对待 2．sign up for a course in a training centre在培训中心报课 3．download relevant online courses下载相关网课 4．practise repeatedly/over and over again反复练习 5．practise diligently勤奋练习 6．dive into 全心投入 7．commit oneself to致力于，投身于 8．dedicate one’s efforts to为……付出努力 9．a tight schedule 时间紧迫 10．step up learning 加快学习 【任务四】　内化语言能力，推动情节发展 1．我每天晚上勤奋练习，决心用我新获得的技能给Daniel一个惊喜。 I practised diligently every night， (determine) to surprise Daniel with my newfound skill. 2．由于日程安排很紧，我几乎没有时间陪Daniel。这个男孩太敏感了，他感到不知所措。 With a tight schedule, I had little time to spend with Daniel. _____ sensitive was the boy he felt lost.(倒装句) determined So that 3．我用手语向他道歉，他的眼睛充满了意外的喜悦。 (use) sign language，I gestured an apology, to which his eyes lit up with unexpected joy.(分词作方式状语) Using 【任务五】　书写精彩华章，注意衔接连贯 I decided to learn sign language secretly and planned to give Daniel a surprise.__________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Daniel was not close with me.____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文1] I decided to learn sign language secretly and planned to give Daniel a surprise. Taking it seriously, I signed up for a course in a training centre and attended classes in the evenings and at weekends. Thus I had to make the most of my time in school to finish assignments. With a tight schedule. I had little time to spend with Daniel. So sensitive was the boy that he felt lost. However, I couldn’t reveal my secret, otherwise the surprise that I had planned for so long would be spoiled. Daniel was not close with me. Daniel began avoiding me and showed no intention to communicate with me at school. He even distanced himself from me after class. Concerned about our friendship, I summoned up the courage to approach him one day. Using sign language, I gestured an apology, to which his eyes unexpectedly lit up with joy. “You are my best friend forever.” I continued to sign.His stunned expression quickly turned into tears of relief and happiness as he expressed, “The fact that we are best friends will never change.” At that moment, I knew all the effort put into learning sign language was worth it. With renewed understanding and a strengthened bond, we both realized that our friendship could weather any challenge. [参考范文2] I decided to learn sign language secretly and planned to give Daniel a surprise. From then on, I committed myself to learning sign language in secret. I practised diligently every night, determined to surprise Daniel with my newfound skill. I dedicated so much effort to learning sign language that there were moments when Daniel mistook my focus on the subject for a wandering mind in class. But I had to avoid his questioning eyes in fear of spoiling my surprise. Just when I was happy about the progress I made, I came to spot something unusual. Daniel was not close with me. He intentionally avoided me. He refused to “talk” to me at school. One day, I approached the quiet boy and gestured “I’m sorry” in sign language. Seeing that, his eyes lit up with unexpected joy, “You are my best friend forever.” I continued to sign. He was stunned. I explained to him my learning plans. His eyes overflowed with tears and he gestured.“The fact that we are friends will never change！” [参考范文3] I decided to learn sign language secretly and planned to give Daniel a surprise. Back home, I downloaded relevant online courses and dived into imitating and practising. So absorbed was I that I did not stop until midnight. The next morning in class, I wore a tired look and yawned from time to time. Concerned about my state, Daniel wrote to ask what was wrong with me. To keep the surprise secret, I made up a clumsy excuse, which was detected by Daniel effortlessly. Loss and grief welled up in his eyes. Daniel was not close with me. He fell back to being alone again, isolating himself from any social activities. Seeing this, I was painful but stepped up my sign language learning. Ultimately, the big day came when I approached Daniel and signed “I apologize to you for not spending time with you recently”. Stunned, Daniel widened his eyes, as if not believing what he saw. I went on gesturing what I was up to recently. Daniel’s astonishment switched to joy and appreciation.“We are friends forever，” he responded. $