Unit2语法(关系从句)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年北师大版英语九年级上册

该初中英语导学案围绕定语从句展开，系统讲解关系代词（that/which/who/whose）和关系副词（when/where/why）的核心用法，通过概念界定、表格对比、例句拆分构建学习支架，引导学生从识别先行词到分析从句成分，逐步建立语法知识脉络。 资料以“从句成分判断”为逻辑主线，通过高频易错对比、三大解题步骤培养学生思维品质，配套多样化练习（填空、选择、句子合并、汉译英）提升语言能力，分层设计助力学生自主学习，有效落实语法知识的理解与应用。

Unit2 Literature语法讲解与练习 语法：关系从句（定语从句 Relative clauses )详细讲解 一、概念 关系从句（定语从句）：用来修饰名词/代词，放在名词后面，相当于中文 “…… 的”。 被修饰的名词叫先行词；引导从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词两大类。 二、关系代词（that /which/who /whose） 关系词 用法 例句 who 指代人,在从句作主语/宾语,可以替换 that The woman who wrote that poem is my English teacher.(此处who在从句中作主语) that 指代人或事物,在从句作主语/宾语 The story that won first prize was published in the school paper.(此处that在从句中作主语) which 指代事物/概念,在从句作主语/宾语,可以替换 that The story which won first prize was published in the school paper.(此处which在从句中作主语) whose 表所属关系，“…… 的”，可指人/动物/物体,不能省略 That is the girl whose father is a famous writer. 核心判断：关系代词在从句里面充当主语或者宾语。 三、关系副词（when /where/why，本单元重点 when、where） 关系词 用法 例句 when 指代时间，先行词是时间名词；从句不缺主语、宾语 Do you remember the day when I won the poetry competition? where 指代地点，先行词是地点名词；从句不缺主语、宾语 The house where he writes his stories is in the mountains. why 指代原因，先行词 reason；从句不缺主宾（拓展了解） The reason why he likes literature is moving. ✅核心判断口诀：从句完整不缺主宾 → 用关系副词； 从句缺主语/宾语 → 用关系代词 that/which 关系副词本质 = 介词 + which，在从句里面只充当状语，不能做主、宾语 A、表格总览 关系副词 修饰先行词 从句成分 等价替换 when 时间名词（day, year, time, moment, period） 时间状语 on/in/at/during which where 地点/抽象地点名词（place, school, city, stage, situation） 地点状语 in/at which why 只有 reason 原因状语 for which B、逐个精讲（中考中等偏上难度例句，区分易错题） 1. when （时间状语） ✅用法：先行词是时间名词，定语从句本身主谓完整，when 在从句作时间状语。 例句 1：I still remember the summer when we volunteered in the mountain village. 我还记得我们在山村做志愿者的那个夏天。 拆分两句：①I still remember the summer. ②We volunteered in the mountain village in that summer. → when = in which 例句 2：There was a time when many people enjoyed reading classic novels. 曾经有一段时期，很多人喜欢读经典小说。 ⚠️高频易错对比（必考） I will never forget the day when we met.（从句 we met 主谓完整，用 when） I will never forget the day that/which we spent together. （spent 缺少宾语，the day 作 spent 宾语，必须用关系代词 that/which） 2. where（地点状语） ✅用法：先行词是地点名词（也可抽象地点：situation, stage, case），从句主谓完整，where 作地点状语。 例句 1：This is the old library where we borrowed lots of literature books. 这就是我们借很多文学书籍的那座旧图书馆。 拆分：①This is the old library. ②We borrowed books in the library. → where = in which 例句 2：We reached a point where we had to give up the plan. 我们到了不得不放弃这个计划的地步。（抽象地点 point，中考难点） ⚠️高频易错对比 The town where he lives is beautiful.（he lives 句子完整，live 不及物，用 where） The town that/which we visited last month is beautiful. （visit 缺少宾语，the town 作visit 宾语，用 that/which） 3. why（原因状语） ✅用法：先行词一般只能是 reason，从句主谓完整，why 作原因状语，why=for which。 例句 1：Could you explain the reason why you refused to take part in the discussion? 你能解释一下你拒绝参加这场讨论的原因吗？ 例句 2：The reason why he dislikes the novel is that the characters are not lively enough. 他不喜欢这本小说的原因是人物不够生动。 ⚠️高频易错对比 Tell me the reason why you argued with him.（从句 you argued with him 完整，用 why） Tell me the reason that/which he told you.（told 缺少宾语，the reason 作 told 宾语，用 that/which） C、三大解题步骤 1.找先行词（被修饰名词，在关系从句前面） 2.拆句子，看定语从句内部是否缺主语/宾语 ✔从句主谓齐全 → 用关系副词 when/where/why ✔从句少主语、少宾语 → 用关系代词 that/which/who 3.判断先行词类别：时间→when；地点→where；reason→why 四、补充中考必考要点 1.关系代词作宾语时，可以省略；whose 永远不能省略 2.that不能放在逗号后（非限制性定语从句九上暂时不考） 3.先行词是人，从句缺主/宾：who /that；先行词是物，从句缺主/宾：which /that 4.先行词表时间/地点,一定要看从句内部成分,不是看到时间就用 when,看到地点就用where！ 例：I remember the day that/which we spent together.(spent缺宾语,用that/which,不用when） 配套练习 大题一：填入合适的关系词（that/which/who/whose/when/where） 1.The writer ________ wrote this novel is very young. 2.The poem ________ I read yesterday is full of feelings. 3.This is the library ________ we can read famous books. 4.I still remember the day ________ we met the poet. 5.The girl ________ mother is a writer likes literature. 6.The story ________ won the prize was written by a student. 7.The man ________ you met at the party is a novelist. 8.The village ________ the writer lived is beautiful. 9.I will never forget the time ________ we discussed poems. 10.The book ________ cover is blue is about history. 11.Anyone ________ loves reading will enjoy this play. 12.The house ________ stands on the hill is an old writer’s home. 13.Do you know the boy ________ father published a storybook? 14.The summer ________ we read Shakespeare was unforgettable. 15.This is the school ________ many young writers studied. 16.The article ________ he wrote was printed in the school paper. 17.People ________ like literature often go to book shows. 18.The place ________ the writer created his works is a small town. 19.The moment ________ I finished the story made me excited. 20.The character ________ we like best in the novel is brave. 21.The writer ________ works are popular among teens will visit our school. 22.The old photo ________ you found shows the writer’s room. 23.The days ________ we shared stories passed quickly. 24.The bookstore ________ sells poetry books opens at 8 a.m. 25.The lady ________ gave us a talk is a famous poet. 大题二：单项选择 1.The writer ____ wrote this story comes from England. A. which B. who C. whose D. when 2.The poem ____ I read last night is wonderful. A. who B. whose C. that D. where 3.This is the town ____ Lu Xun once lived. A. where B. which C. who D. whose 4.I remember the day ____ we first met the novelist. A. which B. when C. who D. whose 5.The girl ____ brother is a poet loves reading novels. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 6.The book ____ is on the desk was written by Mo Yan. A. that B. where C. when D. whose 7.The people ____ like literature often take part in reading activities. A. which B. who C. whose D. where 8.The place ____ the writer wrote his famous novel is a quiet village. A. when B. where C. that D. which 9.I will never forget the summer ____ we studied poetry together. A. when B. which C. who D. whose 10.The story ____ we talked about just now is very moving. A. whose B. where C. that D. when 11.The man ____ you saw in the classroom is our literature teacher. A. which B. who C. whose D. when 12.The house ____ roof is red belongs to an old writer. A. whose B. who C. which D. where 13.The days ____ we spent reading books were great. A. when B. that C. where D. whose 14.This is the library ____ we can borrow different novels. A. where B. which C. who D. whose 15.Anyone ____ wants to learn literature can join our club. A. which B. who C. whose D. when 大题三：句子合并，用定语从句合并两句 1.The woman is my English teacher. She wrote that poem. ______________________________________________________ 2.The story won first prize. It was published in the school paper. ______________________________________________________ 3.I remember the day. I won the poetry competition on that day. ______________________________________________________ 4.The house is in the mountains. He writes his stories in the house. ______________________________________________________ 5.That is the girl. Her father is a famous writer. ______________________________________________________ 6.The book is very popular. The writer wrote the book last year. ______________________________________________________ 7.The boy likes reading. We met the boy at the book show ______________________________________________________ 8.This is the small town. The poet lived in the small town. ______________________________________________________ 9.I still remember the time. We discussed literature at that time. ______________________________________________________ 10.The character is brave. We like the character most. ______________________________________________________ 大题四：汉译英 1.写这首诗歌的女士是我的语文老师。 ______________________________________________________ 2.获得一等奖的故事刊登在校报上。 ______________________________________________________ 3.你还记得我们遇见这位小说家的那天吗？ ______________________________________________________ 4.他写小说的那座房子在山里。 ______________________________________________________ 5.那就是爸爸是著名作家的那个女孩。 ______________________________________________________ 6.放在桌子上的那本书是莫言写的。 ______________________________________________________ 7.喜欢文学的人经常参加读书活动。 ______________________________________________________ 8.这位作家创作名著的地方是一座安静的小村庄。 ______________________________________________________ 9.我永远不会忘记我们一起读诗的那个夏天。 ______________________________________________________ 10.刚才我们讨论的故事很感人。 ______________________________________________________ Keys 一、关系词填空 1.who/that 2.which/that 3.where 4.when 5.whose 6.which/that 7.who/that 8.where 9.when 10.whose 11.who/that 12.which/that 13.whose 14.when 15.where 16.which/that 17.who/that 18.where 19.when 20.that/which 21.whose 22.which/that 23.when 24.which/that 25.who/that 二、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.B 三、句子合并 1.The woman who/that wrote that poem is my English teacher. 2.The story which/that won first prize was published in the school paper. 3.Do you remember the day when I won the poetry competition? 4.The house where he writes his stories is in the mountains. 5.That is the girl whose father is a famous writer. 6.The book that/which the writer wrote last year is very popular. 7.The boy (who/that) we met at the book show likes reading. 8.This is the small town where the poet lived. 9.I still remember the time when we discussed literature. 10.The character (that/who) we like most is brave. 四、汉译英 1.The woman who/that wrote this poem is my Chinese teacher. 2.The story which/that won the first prize was published in the school paper. 3.Do you remember the day when we met the novelist? 4.The house where he writes novels is in the mountains. 5.That is the girl whose father is a famous writer. 6.The book that/which is on the desk was written by Mo Yan. 7.People who/that like literature often take part in reading activities. 8.The place where the writer wrote his famous works is a quiet small village. 9.I will never forget the summer when we read poems together. 10.The story that/which we talked about just now is very moving. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $