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《普通高中英语课程标准(2025年修订)》新增教材外单词讲解(一)
1. anniversary /ˌænɪˈvɜːsəri/ n. 周年纪念日。
【经典例句】
The exhibit will close on the 100th anniversary of the artist’s death.
展览会将在这位艺术家逝世一百周年纪念日当天闭馆。
Jack and Kim celebrated their twentieth wedding anniversary in January.
1月,杰克和金庆祝了他们20周年结婚纪念日。
2025 saw the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. 2025 年是中国人民抗日战争胜利 80 周年。
【温馨提示】anniversary后面常与介词of连用。复数形式为anniversaries。
A huge parade was held on the anniversary of the 1959 revolution.
1959年革命纪念日那天举行了大规模游行活动。
2. bias /ˈbaɪəs/ Ⅰ n. [C] & [U] ①(常用单数)偏见;偏心;偏向 ②(研究或实验结果的)偏倚,偏差 ③ 斜裁
【经典例句】
He shows a bias towards a few workers in particular.
他对几个工人尤其有偏见。
It’s clear that the company has a bias against women and minorities.
这家公司很明显对女性和少数民族抱有偏见。
The decision was made without bias. 这个判决是公正的。
Employers must consider all candidates impartially and without bias.
雇主必须公平而毫无成见地考虑所有求职者。
If a response rate is low, the risk of bias in the findings will be greater.
如果回应率低,调查结果出现偏差的风险会增加。
The skirt is cut on the bias. 这条裙子是斜裁的。
【常见搭配】
① without bias没有偏见地
② on the bias(织物或衣料)斜裁的,斜剪的
Ⅱ vt. ① 使有偏见;使偏心;使偏向 ② 影响(研究或实验结果)以致产生偏差
【经典例句】
I don’t want to bias you against the movie, but I thought the book was much better.
我并不想让你对这部电影有偏见, 但我认为书要好得多。
Several factors could have biased the results of the study.
可能有好几个因素影响了研究结果。
The experiment contained an error which could bias the results.
这项实验有一个错误,可能导致结果出现偏差。
The material for the dress was cut on the bias. 这条连衣裙的衣料是斜裁出来的。
【派生词汇】biased adj. 偏袒的,有偏见的
【经典例句】
She is too biased to write about the case objectively.
她对这件事件偏见太深,没法客观地描写。
The judges of the talent show were biased towards musical acts.
新秀选拔的评委们偏好音乐方面的表演。
3. bin /bɪn/ Ⅰn. ① 垃圾箱,垃圾桶 ②(商店或工厂里的)(有盖)大容器,大储藏箱,柜
【经典例句】
Throw it in the bin. 把它扔到垃圾箱里去。
Put the old newspapers in the recycling bin. 把旧报纸扔进回收箱里。
【温馨提示】英语中表达“垃圾箱”还可以说:dustbin, waste bin, garbage / trash can以及garbage等。
Ⅱvt. 把……放入垃圾箱;扔掉
【经典例句】
Just bin that letter. 那封信就扔掉吧。
Do you need to keep these letters or shall we bin them?
你需要保存这些信件吗,还是干脆把它们扔掉?
4. bug /bʌɡ/ n. [C] I ① 小昆虫;虫子 ② 轻微的传染病;小病 ③(计算机程序或系统上的的)故障,毛病,漏洞 ④ 微型窃听器 ⑤ 突然的兴趣,迷恋
【经典例句】
There is a bug in my soup! 我的汤里有个小虫子!
Close the door, You are letting in the bugs. 关上门。你让虫子进来了。
He caught some kind of bug from the other kids at school.
他在学校被别的孩子传染上了一种小病。
The software was full of bugs. 这款软件漏洞百出。
They have been trying to get the bugs out of the system.
他们一直在努力修复系统的错误。
The government planted a bug in her telephone / apartment.
政府在她的电话/公寓里安装了窃听器。
He was first bitten by the acting bug when he was 18. 他18岁时开始迷上了表演。
I had one flying lesson and immediately caught the bug. 我上了一节飞行课,马上就着了迷。
【常见搭配】
catch / have a bug 染上小病
fix a bug 修复机器或软件中的故障
get the bug对某事产生热情
II vt. (bugged, bugged, bugging) ① 在(某处)装窃听器;窃听(谈话)② 使烦恼;使恼怒
【经典例句】
They bugged her hotel room. 他们在她的旅馆房间里装了窃听器。
They were bugging his telephone conversations. 他们在窃听他的电话交谈。
It’s something that’s been bugging me a lot recently. 那事使我最近一直大伤脑筋。
【常见搭配】
bug off 滚开
bug out ①(尤指眼睛)瞪圆了②(尤指危险来临之时)撤离,逃生 ③ 惊呆了
【经典例句】
Their eyes were bugging out of their heads when they saw it.
他们看到它时眼珠都要瞪掉了。
We should bug out now before it’s too late.
我们现在就应该撤离,以免为时太晚。
Susan started to bug out when she heard a noise in the bushes.
苏珊听到灌木丛中的声音时吓呆了。
5. burst /bɜːst/ (burst, burst, burst, bursting)Ⅰ① vt./vi.(使)爆裂,胀开 ② vi. 猛冲;突然出现 ③ vi. 爆满;涨满(常用于be bursting with sb. / sth. 结构)
【经典例句】
The roads are bursting with cars. 车辆把那些道路挤满了。
He burst into the room without knocking. 他没敲门就闯进了屋子。
The dam burst under the weight of water. 大坝在水的巨大压力下溃决了。
That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more. 你再给气球充气,它就要爆了。
【常见搭配】
be bursting to do sth. 极欲做某事
burst forth突发;忽然出现
burst in on / upon sb / sth.(突然闯入而)打扰
burst into sth 突然迸发(尤指开始唱歌、哭、笑等)
burst into flames / flame突然起火,猛烈燃烧起来
burst onto / upon / on sth. 突然出现在…(指突然成功)
burst open/ burst sth. open 猛然打开
burst out singing 突然大唱起来
burst with anger / joy 勃然大怒(心花怒放)
【温馨提示】
burst out crying = burst into tears 突然大哭起来
burst out laughing = burst into laughter突然大笑起来
Ⅱn. [C] ① 突发;猝发;迸发;爆破 ② 爆裂;裂口 ③ 一阵短促的射击
【经典例句】
There is a burst in the water pipe. 水管爆了。
Her breath was coming in short bursts. 她的呼吸急迫短促。
【常见搭配】
burst of anger/ enthusiasm / temper怒火(热情、脾气)的突然爆发
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