Unit 5 A fine balance 复习学案 2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册

该初中英语导学案以“人与自然的平衡”为核心主题，学习目标涵盖环保主题词汇、定语从句语法及综合语言运用能力。导学设计通过“词汇短语-课文精讲-语法讲练-写作训练”的递进式任务，将“endangered”“protection”等核心词汇与熊猫保护课文、定语从句分析及环保写作紧密关联，构建连贯的知识学习路径。 亮点在于“环保主题探究”设计，通过“人类消失后自然变化分析”“熊猫保护案例研讨”任务，引导学生理解环境问题与解决措施，培养文化意识（环保责任）和思维品质（问题解决）。语法讲练结合课文例句，写作训练整合单元知识，支持学生深度学习，为教师提供系统复习指导。

Unit 5 A fine balance Part 1 单词、短语及句型 一、单词及词形转换 1. human adj. 人的，人类的 2. drop v. 降低；落下 n. 滴；下降 → 过去式 / 过去分词 dropped；现在分词 dropping 3. tourist n. 游客 → tour v. 旅行；观光 n. 旅行；观光；tourism n. 旅游业 4. benefit v. 收益，得益 5. wonder n.奇迹，奇观 6. once again 再一次 7. admire v. 欣赏，观赏；钦佩 → admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏；admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 8. throughout prep. 在整个期间，自始至终 9. mark n. 痕迹；标记 v. 做标记；打分 10. rapid adj. 快速的，迅速的 → rapidly adv. 快速地；迅速地 11. society n. 社会 → 复数 societies ；social adj. 社会的；社交的；socialist adj. 社会主义的 12. cancel v. 取消→过去式/过去分词 cancelled / canceled；现在分词 cancelling / canceling；cancellation n. 取消 13. start over 重新开始，从头来过 14. get along with 与...相处融洽 15. permit v. 允许；使成为可能 n. 许可证 → 过去式 / 过去分词 permitted现在分词 permitting；permission n. 允许；许可 16. affect v. 影响 17. organisation n. 组织，团体，机构 → organise v. 组织；安排；organiser n. 组织者；organised adj. 有组织的 18. harm v. 损害；危害；伤害 n. 伤害；损害 → harmful adj. 有害的；harmless adj. 无害的 19. punish v. 惩罚；处罚 → punishment n. 惩罚手段；处罚 20. global warming 全球变暖 21. rubbish n. 垃圾，废弃物 22. overfish v. 过度捕捞 → fish v. 钓鱼；捕鱼 n. 鱼；fishing n. 钓鱼；捕鱼 23. gas n. 气，气体 → 复数 gases 24. greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 25. square adj. 平方的 26. logging n. 伐木 → log v. 伐木；记录 n. 原木；日志 27. solar panel 太阳能电池板 28. microphone n. 麦克风，话筒，传声筒，传声器，扩音器 29. alarm n. 警报；警报器 v. 使惊恐 ；alarming adj. 令人惊恐的 30. guard n. 警卫，门卫 31. foreigner n. 外国人 → foreign adj. 外国的；外交的 32. logo n. 标识，标志，徽标 33. endangered adj. 濒危的，濒于灭绝的 → endanger v. 危及；使遭受危险；danger n. 危险；dangerous adj. 危险的 34. vulnerable adj. 脆弱的；易受伤的 → vulnerability n. 脆弱；易受攻击 35. protection n. 保护 → protect v. 保护；防护；protective adj. 保护的；防护的 36. farmland n. 农田，耕地 二、重点短语 — 1 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. depend on 依靠 2. each other 互相 3. by the end of 到……截止 4. human activity 人类活动 5. in number 在数量上 6. fill the air 充满空气 7. grow freely 自由生长 8. take back 收回 9. global warming 全球变暖 10. green energy 绿色能源 11. greenhouse gas 温室气体 12. against the law 违反法律 13. forest guard 森林护林员 14. environmental protection 环境保护 15. make great efforts 作出巨大努力 16. national treasure 国宝 17. around the world 全世界 18. in the wild 在野外 19. set up 建立 20. play an important role 起到重要作用 21. cut down 砍倒 22. get along with 与……相处 23. stand still 停滞不前 24. hear each other 听到彼此 25. be troubled by 受到……打扰 26. start over 重新开始 27. cry out for 大声疾呼要求 28. suffer from 遭受……痛苦 三、重点句型 1. It is no surprise that... 某事并不令人惊讶 2. What a adj. n. to do sth.! 做某事是多么……的一件事啊 3. It is clear that... 很明显…… 4. let sb do sth. 允许某人做某事 5. be worried about sth. 担心某事 6. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 7. too adj. to do sth. 太……而不能做某事 8. cannot help doing sth. 不禁做某事 9. A + v. + three times as adj. as B A是B的三倍…… Part 2 课文精讲 Unit 5-1 当地球静止时 1. Have you ever thought about this question: what would happen to the natural world if people were gone? Let's imagine it. One day, all human activities stop. Cars disappear from the roads, boats from the rivers, and planes from the sky. Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. What happens in such a world? 2. It is no surprise that animals soon increase in number. In cities, traffic noise often means that animals cannot easily hear each other. Without humans, the noise drops greatly as traffic stops. This allows natural sounds to fill the air. It is much easier for animals to find each other and form families. Also, tourists disappear from beaches and seas. Sea animals are not be troubled by people around them. 3. But not only animals would enjoy the change. Plants benefit, too. Trees grow freely without the danger of being cut down. Forests take back the space that humans now live in. The earth is soon be a green world again. 4. The natural wonders which have been hidden by pollution for years appear again. Cleaner air and water allow them to show all their beauty once again. But there aren't any people to admire such an amazing world. What a sad thing to think about! 5. Throughout history, humans have left so many marks on the earth. The rapid development of human society has made us care less for nature. But the world isn't a game. We can't cancel it and start over. We need to think more about how to get along with nature. Perhaps we should remember the wise words which Montaigne once wrote - let us permit nature to have her way. 知识点精讲 1.writer /ˈraɪtə(r)/ 作家；作者 · 词汇变形：write（动词，写作；书写）→ _____________（过去式，写）→ _____________（过去分词，写） · 常考短语：________________________（一位著名的作家） 例句：She wants to be a _____________and write stories for children.（她想成为一名作家，为孩子们写故事。） 2.call /kɔːl/ 称呼；叫做；电话；打电话 · 词汇变形：call（动词 / 名词，称呼；打电话 / 电话） · 常考短语：_________________（被称为；名为） _________________（给某人打电话） ____________________（需要；要求） 例句：This dog is _________________ Lucky because it brings good luck.（这只狗叫幸运，因为它能带来好运。） 3.stop /stɒp/ 停止；停下；车站；中止 · 常考短语：______________________（停止做某事）______________________（停下来去做某事） 例句：He___________________ watching TV to do his homework.（他停下看电视去做作业。） 4.disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ 消失；不见 · 词汇变形：____________ __（动词，出现；显现）→ ______________（动词，消失；不见） → ______________（过去式 / 过去分词，消失；不见）_________________（名词，消失；失踪） · 常考短语：disappear from sight（从视线中消失） disappear without a trace（消失得无影无踪） 例句：The little bird _________________ into the forest.（那只小鸟消失在森林里。） 5.full of /fʊl əv/ 充满；装满 · 词汇变形：full（形容词，满的；充满的）→ fuller（比较级，更满的）→ fullest（最高级，最满的） · 常考短语：______________（充满…）_________________（充满活力）_________________（充满希望） 例句：The classroom _______________________laughter and joy.（教室里充满了欢声笑语。） 6.remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ 保持；仍然是；剩余；留下 · 常考短语：___________________ _（保持沉默）_________________________（保持不变） ______________________（剩余时间） 例句：He _________________ silent when the teacher asked him a question.（老师问他问题时，他保持沉默。） 7.empty /ˈempti/ 空的；空洞的；清空；倒空 · 词汇变形：empty（形容词 / 动词，空的；清空） · → ___________（比较级，更空的）→ ___________（最高级，最空的） · → ___________（过去式 / 过去分词，清空；倒空） · 常考短语：______________________（空房间）______________________（倒垃圾） ______________________（感到空虚） 例句：The fridge is _________________—we need to buy some food.（冰箱是空的，我们需要买些食物。） 8.it is no surprise that 并不令人惊讶；不足为奇的是… · 词汇变形：surprise（名词 / 动词，惊讶；使惊讶） · →_______________（形容词，感到惊讶的）→ ___________________（形容词，令人惊讶的） · 常考短语：_______________________...（… 并不令人惊讶）_______________________（令某人惊讶的是） 例句：______________________ she passed the exam—she studied very hard. （她通过考试并不令人惊讶，她学习非常努力。） 9.mean /miːn/ 意味着；打算；意思是；吝啬的 · 词汇变形：mean（动词，意味着；打算）→ _________________（过去式 / 过去分词，意味着；打算） · →_________________（名词，意思；含义）→ _________________（形容词，有意义的） · 常考短语：____________________（打算做某事）____________________（意味着做某事） 例句：This new rule _________________ that we have to arrive earlier.（这条新规定意味着我们必须更早到达。） 10.without /wɪˈðaʊt/ 没有；无；不（做某事） · 常考短语：______________________（没有做某事） ______________________（毫无疑问） ______________________（未经允许） 例句：He left the house ______________ saying goodbye.（他没说再见就离开了家。） 11.drop greatly /drɒp ˈɡreɪtli/ 大幅下降；急剧减少 · 词汇变形：drop（动词 / 名词，下降；掉落；水滴）→ _____________（过去式 / 过去分词，下降；掉落） · 常考短语：______________________（气温下降） ____________________（大幅下降） 例句：The price of this fruit has ___________________ recently.（这种水果的价格最近大幅下降。） 12.allow /əˈlaʊ/ 允许；准许；容许 · 常考短语：____________________________（允许某人做某事） ____________________________（允许做某事）____________________________（被允许） 例句：The teacher doesn't ______________ students to use phones in class.（老师不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。） 13.trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ 麻烦；困难；困扰；打扰 · 词汇变形：trouble（名词 / 动词，麻烦；困扰） · → ______________（过去式 / 过去分词，麻烦；困扰）______________（形容词，麻烦的；令人烦恼的） · 常考短语：__________________________（陷入麻烦）__________________________（做某事有困难） __________________________（自找麻烦） 例句：He had____________________ solving this math problem.（他解决这道数学题有困难。） 14.danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险；风险​ · 词汇变形：danger（名词）→________________（形容词，危险的）______________（动词，危及）​ · 常考短语：_____________________（处于危险中）_____________________（脱离危险） _____________________（对… 的威胁）​ 例句：Cutting down too many trees puts wildlife in _________________.（砍伐过多树木使野生动物陷入危险。） 15.throughout /θruːˈaʊt/ 遍及；贯穿（始终）​ · 常考短语：throughout the world（遍及世界） · throughout the year（一整年） throughout history（贯穿历史）​ 例句：Pandas are loved_________________ the world for their cuteness.（熊猫因其可爱而受到全世界的喜爱。）​ 16.permit /pəˈmɪt/（动词） /ˈpɜːmɪt/（名词） 动词（允许；许可）；名词（许可证；执照）​ · 词汇变形：permit（动 / 名原形）→ ___________（过去式 / 过去分词）→ ___________（现在分词）→___________（名词，允许，常用）​ · 常考短语：_________________________（允许某人做某事） _________________________（驾驶执照）_________________________（请求许可）​ 动词：The teacher doesn't ____________us to cut down trees in the park.（老师不允许我们在公园里砍树。）​ 名词：You need a special ______________ to enter the protected area.（进入保护区需要特殊许可证。） Unit 5-2 No longer “in danger” 1. The panda is a Chinese national treasure, and has become popular around the world. Some foreigners even believe that pandas are kept as pets in China! In fact, back in the 1970s, there were only around 1,000 of these lovely animals in the wild. In 1961, the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) was looking for an animal for its logo. The panda was chosen because it is "an animal that is beautiful, endangered, and loved by many people in the world". 2. But in the year 2016, there came some fantastic news - the panda was moved from "endangered" to "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. When people around the world celebrated, they also wondered, "How did this happen?" 3. China's government has made great efforts over the years. Among the first national parks in China, there was one for panda protection. The Giant Panda National Park is three times as large as Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Since the 1960s, China has created more than 60 protected areas for pandas. Research centres have also been set up and hundreds of pandas have been born there. 4.local people have also helped. With a better understanding of panda protection, many farmers returned part of their farmland to the forests. They planted trees and Bamboo，so pandas could have more space and food. 5.The panda is not the only animal that has benefited from these actions. The forests that they live in are also home to many other animals and plants. As the forests become larger, the panda's neighbours also enjoy a better life. Protecting pandas brings hope to the whole environment. 知识点精讲 1.enough /ɪˈnʌf/ 足够的；足够地；足够 · 词汇变形：enough（形容词 / 副词 / 代词，足够的；足够地；足够） · 常考短语：______________________________（足够某人做某事） ___________________（有足够的时间），adj.+enough（足够…） 例句：Is there _______________ food for everyone to eat?（有足够的食物让每个人都吃吗？） 2.endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ 濒临灭绝的；有灭绝危险的 · 词汇变形：endanger（动词，危及；使濒危） · → ________________（形容词，濒临灭绝的）→ __________________（名词） · 常考短语：________________（濒危物种）__________________（濒危动物） 例句：We must take action to protect ______________ plants and animals.（我们必须采取行动保护濒危动植物。） 3.vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ 易受伤害的；易危的 · 词汇变形：vulnerable（形容词，易受伤害的；易危的） · → ______________（名词）________________（比较级）→ ________________（最高级） · 常考短语：__________________________（易危物种） _ ________________________（易受… 影响） 例句：Young birds are ________________ to bad weather and predators.（幼鸟易受恶劣天气和捕食者的影响。） 4.celebrate /ˈselɪbreɪt/ 庆祝；庆贺 · 词汇变形： ____________（过去式/过去分词；形容词，著名的）→______________（名词） · 常考短语：____________（庆祝胜利）____________（庆祝节日） 例句：People around the world _______________ the Spring Festival in different ways. （全球各地的人们以不同方式庆祝春节。） 5.make great efforts 付出巨大努力；努力 · 词汇变形：effort（名词，努力）→ ________________（复数） make（动词）→ ________________（过去式 / 过去分词） · 常考短语：____________________________（努力做某事） ____________________________（不遗余力） 例句：She ________________ to improve her English and finally succeeded.（她努力提高英语水平，最终成功了。） 6.create /kriˈeɪt/ 创造；创建；创作 · 词汇变形：create（动词，创建；创造）→_____________（名词）→_____________（形容词，有创造力的） · 常考短语：__________________________（创造机会）__________________________（创造新纪录） 例句：The artist _________________ a beautiful painting with simple tools. （这位艺术家用简单的工具创作了一幅美丽的画。） 7.set up 建立；设立；创办 · 词汇变形：set（动词，建立；放置）→ _____________（过去式 / 过去分词） · 常考短语：set up a company（创办公司），set up a school（建立学校） 例句：They plan to _________________ a charity organization to help poor children. （他们计划成立一个慈善组织来帮助贫困儿童。） 8.increased education 更多的教育；教育的普及 · 词汇变形：increase（动词 / 名词，增加）→ __________（过去式 / 过去分词；形容词，增加的）； · educate（动词，教育）→ ________________（名词，教育）→________________（形容词） · 常考短语：________________________（教育的普及；加强的教育） ________________________（高等教育） 例句：__________________________ has helped improve people's living standards. （教育的普及有助于提高人们的生活水平。） 9.play an important role 发挥重要作用；扮演重要角色 · 词汇变形：play（动词，扮演；发挥）→ ____________（过去式 / 过去分词）； · 常考短语：_____________________________（在… 中发挥重要作用） __________________________________（发挥关键作用） 例句：Technology _____________________________ modern society.（技术在现代社会中发挥着重要作用。） 10.return...to... 把… 归还；使… 恢复到… · 常考短语：________________________（将某物归还 / 恢复为某物） ________________________（回家） ____________________（把书还给图书馆） 例句：The government plans to ____________ the wetland ____________ its original state. （政府计划将这片湿地恢复原状。） 11.provide...with... 为… 提供… · 常考短语：________________________（为某人 / 某物提供某物）=________________________ 例句：The company ____________ its employees ____________good working conditions. （这家公司为员工提供良好的工作环境。） 12.benefit from 从… 中受益；得益于… 词汇变形：benefit（动词，受益；名词，益处）→____________________（形容词，有益的） · 常考短语：__________________________（从某物中受益） __________________________（对… 有益） 例句：Students can _______________ reading classic works.（学生们能从阅读经典作品中受益匪浅。） Part 3 语法讲练 that和which引导的定语从句 1.that引导的定语从句 that引导的定语从句既可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，that在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可以省略)。 例如: The film that tells an adventure is very interesting. 那部关于探险的电影非常有趣。(that在从句中作主语，从句修饰物) The writer that I like best is Mark Twain. 我最喜欢的作家是马克吐温。(that在从句中作宾语，从句修饰人) 2.which 引导的定语从句 which引导的定语从句修饰的一般是物，which在从句中可以作主语，也可以作宾语。例如: The photo which we liked best in the City and People group was taken by Zhao Min. 在“城市与人”这组照片中，我们最喜爱的照片是由赵敏拍摄的。 A group of photos which show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize for the subject Home and Away. 一组展示北京和英国剑桥的照片赢得了“故土与他乡”这一主题的奖项。 3.定语从句中引导词的省略 不管定语从句修饰的是人还是物，如果引导词在从句中作宾语，通常就可以省略。例如: Did you go to the talk (that / which) the famous scientist gave at your school? 你去听那位著名科学家在你们学校做的演讲了吗? Is that the car (that/which) you bought last month?那是你上个月买的车吗? A friend is a person (who / whom) you know very well and like. 朋友是你十分了解并且喜欢的人。 在上面的句子中，第一句和第二句都省略了引导词that/which，第三句省略了引导词who/whom，因为它们在从句中分别作gave,bought,know和like的宾语。引导词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，是因为省略后的从句仍然有主语和谓语，我们仍然可以分辨出哪部分是定语从句。但是，引导词在从句中作主语时就不能省略，否则会造成结构混乱。请看以下例句: I'd love to have a friend who can understand me. 我希望有一个能理我的朋友。 He can make lessons that are usually boring interesting. 他把通常燥乏味的课讲得生动有趣。 以上两句中的引导词who和that在从句中作主语，不能省略。此外，需要注意的是，虽然在定语从句中作宾语的引导词在口语中往往被省略，但在正式文体中则常常被保留。 · 易错点 1. 先行词是人 → who / that 先行词是物 → which / that 2. that不能放在介词后面（介词后只能用which） 例：This is the house in which I live. ✔（不能用in that ❌ ） 3. 关系词在从句做主语，不能省略；做宾语可以省略 4. 从句谓语单复数看前面先行词 语法精练 一、单选题 1. The man ____ is standing there is my uncle. A. which B. who C. what 2. This is the film ____ I like best. A. who B. which C. whose 3. The girl ____ sings songs very well is Lucy. A. that B. what C. who’s 4. I love the flower ____ is very beautiful. A. who B. which C. whom 5. The student ____ helps others is friendly. A. who B. which C. that’s 6. This is the bike ____ my father bought. A. that B. what C. who 7. This is the park ____ we visit every year. A. who B. which C. whose 8. The woman ____ teaches us English is nice. A. which B. who C. what 9. I have a cat ____ is white. A. that B. who C. where 10. The house ____ is big is my home. A. who B. which C. what 11. The friend ____ comes from China is Tom. A. which B. who C. that’s 12. The movie ____ we watched is wonderful. A. that B. who C. whom 二、选词填空（who / that / which ） 1. The girl __________ is running is my sister. 2. This is the tree __________ is very tall. 3. The teacher __________ helps me is good. 4. I like the bag __________ is blue. 5. The boy __________ plays basketball is strong. 6. The pen __________ I use is nice. 7. The student __________ studies hard is good. 8. We visit the school __________ is beautiful. 9. The man __________ works here is kind. 10. The flower __________ smells good is red. 三、汉译英。用定语从句翻译下面的句子。 1. 我喜欢这本有趣的书。(interesting book) ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. 帮助别人的男孩很善良。(help others) ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我们参观那个美丽的公园。(beautiful park) ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. 教我们英语的老师很好。(teach us English) ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. 桌子上的钢笔是我的。(on the desk) ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. 来自中国的朋友很友好。(come from China) ____________________________________________________________________________ Part 4 单元写作训练 请以"How to Protect the Environment"为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈我们应该如何保护环境。内容包括： 1. 环境问题的现状 2. 我们可以采取哪些措施来保护环境 3. 保护环境的重要性 How to Protect the Environment ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $