Unit 4 Helping out (音标听写·分层默写通关卡) 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级下册

**基本信息** 本专项以“音标听写·分层默写”为核心，通过官方音标直采、双栏分层设计及口诀锦囊，系统构建“词汇-语法-语用”三维训练体系，强化情态动词表推测等中考高频考点突破。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |重难点突破|5要点+3对比|情态动词推测用法（may/might可能性、must肯定、can否定）及易错点（mustn't表禁止）|从课文原句提取语法点，通过“概念-例句-辨析”链条深化理解| |学习锦囊|3类锦囊|易错音标（means/z/）、中考链接（情态动词单选考法）、记忆口诀（help动词搭配）|结合语音、考点、记忆策略，实现知识向应试能力转化| |情态动词填空|8题|“一定用must/不可能用can't/可能用may/might”解题口诀|对应语法要点，通过语境应用巩固推测逻辑|

Unit 4 Helping out 音标听写 分层默写通关卡 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级下册 【本品特色】 出版社官方音标直采 基础+培优双栏分层 易错音标 中考 口诀锦囊 【教材版本】外研版(三年级起点) 《义务教育教科书 英语》八年级下册 Unit 4 Helping out,依据《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》编写。本讲义词汇与短语直采本单元课文与课本附录 Words and expressions 词汇总表(音标采用教材标注的英式发音);句型语法与金句依据单元语法聚焦整理,例句与练习为原创设计,供课堂默写与自测使用。 第一部分 背诵部分(先看先记) 一、课文原文(逐字背诵) "Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please?" five-year-old Leah asked a nurse. "I want to colour the butterfly." "Sorry, but I can't find one," said the nurse. "I'm afraid you'll have to draw a grey butterfly." This conversation happened in a waiting room at Sunshine Hospital. The hospital provided colouring books for young patients. But there were never enough crayons. Why? Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases. They can only be used once. Then they must be thrown away. The hospital had many new patients every day. It just couldn't afford new crayons for every child. Leah was born with a serious disease, and she made many hospital visits. "A lot of the time she's in great pain," her mum said. "But colouring has helped her get through it." Leah didn't want other young patients to feel her disappointment. "It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments. I want them to feel good," she said. "There must be something for me to do." Leah planned to buy 500 boxes of crayons for the hospital. However, all her pocket money was only enough for about 40 boxes. Because of her illness, she couldn't do chores for money, either. It might sound impossible, but Leah didn't give up. With the help of her family and friends, she held many activities to raise money. And she would always be there in her wheelchair. Word spread fast, and Leah's story went public. So far, she has collected 2,675 boxes. "She is a kind girl," said one nurse. "She's added colour to this hospital. The waiting rooms are now filled with happier kids and brighter pictures!" 二、重点词汇 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 excuse / k skju z/ v. 原谅 purple / p pl/ adj. 紫色的 crayon / kre n/ n. 彩色蜡笔 sunshine / s n a n/ n. 阳光 virus / va r s/ n. 病毒 afford / f d/ v. 买得起 disappointment / d s p ntm nt/ n. 失望,沮丧 X-ray / eks re / n. X 光检查 treatment / tri tm nt/ n. 治疗,诊治;疗法 pocket / p k t/ n. 衣袋,口袋 illness / ln s/ n. 病,疾病;患病状态 wheelchair / wi lt e / n. 轮椅 public / p bl k/ adj. 公开的 mention / men n/ v. 提到,说起,谈到 directly /d rektli/ adv. 坦率地(直截了当地) solution /s lu n/ n. 解决方法 bottle / b tl/ n. 瓶子 exam / z m/ n. 考试 dialogue / da l / n. 对话 flu /flu / n. 流行性感冒,流感 homeless / h ml s/ adj. 无家可归的 donate /d ne t/ v. 捐赠,捐献 goodwill / d w l/ n. 好意,亲善,友善 soldier / s ld / n. 士兵,军人 fireman / fa m n/ n. 消防队员 against / enst/ prep. 和……对抗 graduate / r d ue t/ v. 大学毕业 college / k l d / n. 大学;学院 warmth /w m / n. 温暖 means /mi nz/ n. 手段,方法;工具 lucky / l ki/ adj. 运气好的,幸运的 三、重点短语 英文短语 中文释义 excuse me 劳驾(用于礼貌地引起他人注意) pocket money 零花钱 go public 公开,公之于众 a bottle of 一瓶 by no means 绝不,一点儿都不 get through 渡过难关;熬过(困难时期) raise money 筹钱;募捐 give up 放弃 with the help of 在……的帮助下 be born with 生来就有 so far 到目前为止 pass on 传递;转交 make up one's mind 下定决心 四、重点句型/语法 句型/语法点 中文说明 例句 may / might 表可能 may 表示可能性较大,might 表示的可能性更小、更委婉。 Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases. can 表可能 can 表示“有时会可能”,用于说明某种一般情况。 It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments. must 表肯定推测 must 意为“一定,肯定”,表示非常肯定的猜测,通常只用于肯定句。 There must be something for me to do. get through 意为“渡过难关;熬过”,help sb get through sth 帮某人熬过难关。 But colouring has helped her get through it. 五、重难点突破(情态动词(2):may / might / can / must 表推测) 语法要点速记 要点 说明 例句 ① may / might 表可能 当我们想表达可能发生某事以及某人可能做某事时,可以用 may / might 表示;might 表示的可能性比 may 小一些。例:Bring a map because you may want to travel around. 带张地图,因为你可能想四处转转。(教材附录 Guide to the language use) ② can / could 表推测 can 表推测时往往用于否定句和疑问句,can't 表示“不可能”;could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。例:It can't be my brother. He is still in France. 不可能是我哥哥,他还在法国呢。 ③ must 表肯定推测 must 表示猜测,意为“一定,肯定”,通常只用于肯定句。例:It must be your brother. I saw him in your room just now. 肯定是你哥哥,我刚才看见他在你的房间里。 ④ 三句对比(教材官方组) —Who sent the present? Can it be your brother? (询问可能性)—It must be your brother.(非常肯定)—It can't be my brother.(不可能)。 ⑤ 本单元易错点 1) must 表推测的否定用 can't,不用 mustn't(mustn't 表“禁止”);2) 表猜测时 may not 意为“可能不”;3) 情态动词后接动词原形,勿加 to。 易混辨析(中考易错) 词 A / 释义 词 B / 释义 辨析与例句 illness n. 病,疾病;患病状态(指患病的状态,抽象):Because of her illness, she couldn't do chores.(课本原句) disease n. 疾病(指具体的病种):Leah was born with a serious disease.(课本原句) disease 指具体的某种病,illness 指生病的状态或时期。 means n. 手段,方法;工具(单复数同形):by no means 绝不 method n. 方法,办法(指系统的做法) a means of transport 一种交通方式;a new teaching method 一种新的教学方法。 语音聚焦(锚定本单元失去爆破) 音标 说明与语篇例词 爆破音相邻 /t/ /d/ /p/ /b/ /k/ /g/ 紧挨着时,前一个通常只做口型不发声,如 last piece(本单元语音聚焦 Loss of plosion)。 听辨要点 单词之间也常见失去爆破,如 sit down、a big cake;朗读时让第一个爆破音“含而不发”,语流更自然。 六、学习锦囊(易错音标 中考链接 记忆口诀) 学习锦囊(易错 中考 口诀) 易错音标 means /mi nz/ 词尾是 /z/ 而非 /s/(s 在元音后读浊音);flu /flu / 长元音 /u / 勿读短;warmth /w m / 词尾 /m / 辅音连缀勿漏 / /。均出自本单元词表。 中考链接 情态动词表推测是中考单选高频:肯定推测用 must(一定),可能用 may / might,否定推测用 can't(不可能)——must 表推测的否定形式是 can't 而不是 mustn't。本课三句课本原句就是标准考法。 记忆口诀 Word spread fast——好事传千里。help 动词家族:help sb (to) do sth、help sb with sth、help out(帮忙分担);donate(捐赠) donation(捐款),传递善意 pass on goodwill。 第二部分 默写部分(掩卷自测) 一、语篇挖空(根据课文原文填空,每空一词) "Excuse me, may I have a crayon, please?" five-year-old Leah asked a nurse. "I want to colour the butterfly." "Sorry, but I can't find one," said the nurse. "I'm afraid you'll have to draw a grey butterfly." This conversation happened in a waiting room at Sunshine Hospital. The hospital provided colouring books for young patients. But there were never enough crayons. Why? Well, crayons may carry and spread diseases. They can only be used . Then they must be thrown away. The hospital had many new patients every day. It just couldn't new crayons for every child. Leah was born with a serious disease, and she made many hospital visits. "A lot of the time she's in great pain," her mum said. "But colouring has helped her get it." Leah didn't want other young patients to feel her . "It can be boring to wait for and treatments. I want them to feel good," she said. "There must be for me to do." Leah planned to buy 500 boxes of crayons for the hospital. However, all her money was only enough for about 40 boxes. Because of her , she couldn't do chores for money, either. It might sound impossible, but Leah didn't give . With the help of her family and friends, she held many activities to money. And she would always be there in her wheelchair. Word spread fast, and Leah's story went . So far, she has collected 2,675 boxes. "She is a kind girl," said one nurse. "She's added colour to this hospital. The waiting rooms are now with happier kids and brighter pictures!" 二、音标听写(给出音标,写出单词) 音标 单词 / tri tm nt/ / d s p ntm nt/ / da l / / d w l/ / wi lt e / / s ld / / fa m n/ / h ml s/ /d ne t/ / r d ue t/ 三、词汇巩固 英译汉(根据英文写出中文释义) 英文 中文释义 excuse purple crayon sunshine virus afford disappointment X-ray treatment pocket illness wheelchair public mention directly solution bottle exam dialogue flu homeless donate goodwill soldier fireman against graduate college warmth means lucky 四、词汇巩固 汉译英(根据中文释义写出英文单词) 中文释义 英文 原谅 紫色的 彩色蜡笔 阳光 病毒 买得起 失望,沮丧 X 光检查 治疗,诊治;疗法 衣袋,口袋 病,疾病;患病状态 轮椅 公开的 提到,说起,谈到 坦率地(直截了当地) 解决方法 瓶子 考试 对话 流行性感冒,流感 无家可归的 捐赠,捐献 好意,亲善,友善 士兵,军人 消防队员 和……对抗 大学毕业 大学;学院 温暖 手段,方法;工具 运气好的,幸运的 五、单词变形(用括号内单词的适当形式填空) 题号 题目 提示 1 Leah was born with a serious (ill). ill 的名词形式 2 This is a new (treat) for the illness. treat 的名词形式 3 There were never enough (crayon) for the young patients. crayon 的复数 4 It's (luck) that so many people helped Leah. luck 的形容词形式 5 Her story went public and (warm) spread across the country. warm 的名词形式 6 Many people (donation) money for the hospital. donation 的动词形式 7 The (home) boy was helped by a kind fireman. home 的形容词“无家可归的” 8 They couldn't (affordable) new crayons for every child. affordable 的动词形式 9 He will (graduation) from college next year. graduation 的动词形式 10 Travelling by train is one of the safest (mean) of transport. mean 的名词“手段” 11 It is (sun) in the waiting room. sun 的形容词形式 12 The nurse spoke to the children (direct). direct 的副词形式 六、重难点闯关 情态动词表推测填空实战 训练题 你的答案 Well, crayons carry viruses and spread diseases.(可能) There be something for me to do.(一定) It be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.(有时会) —Who sent the present? it be your brother? —It be your brother. I saw him in your room just now.(肯定) —It be my brother. He is still in France.(不可能) Take your swimming clothes because you want to go swimming in the sea.(说不定) You be thirsty now after the long run.(肯定) 七、短语在句中(用本单元短语的适当形式填空) 语境句子 应填短语 Leah didn't give and held many activities to raise money. the help of her family and friends, she collected 2,675 boxes. Her story went and word spread fast. Colouring has helped her get the hard time. Leah was born a serious disease. far, she has collected 2,675 boxes of crayons. 八、短语归纳 英译汉(根据英文写出中文释义) 英文 中文释义 excuse me pocket money go public a bottle of by no means get through raise money give up with the help of be born with so far pass on make up one's mind 九、短语归纳 汉译英(根据中文释义写出英文) 中文释义 英文 劳驾(用于礼貌地引起他人注意) 零花钱 公开,公之于众 一瓶 绝不,一点儿都不 渡过难关;熬过(困难时期) 筹钱;募捐 放弃 在……的帮助下 生来就有 到目前为止 传递;转交 下定决心 十、金句积累 汉译英(将下列句子翻译成英语) 中文 英文 恐怕你只能画一只灰色的蝴蝶了。 蜡笔可能携带病毒并传播疾病。 一定有我能做的事。 等待X光检查和治疗可能会很无聊。 莉亚不想让其他小病人感到她的失望。 消息传得很快,莉亚的故事公开了。 十一、我的仿写(用本单元句型写 3 句) 仿写 我的句子(用本单元句型/词汇) 第1句 第2句 第3句 十二、分层闯关 基础关(12 词,人人过关) 中文释义 英文 紫色的 彩色蜡笔 阳光 病毒 衣袋,口袋 轮椅 瓶子 考试 对话 流行性感冒,流感 士兵,军人 运气好的,幸运的 十三、分层闯关 培优关(8 词,拔高挑战) 中文释义 英文 原谅 买得起 失望,沮丧 治疗,诊治;疗法 公开的 解决方法 无家可归的 捐赠,捐献 参考答案 一、语篇挖空 1. purple; 2. viruses; 3. once; 4. afford; 5. through; 6. disappointment; 7. X-rays; 8. something; 9. pocket; 10. illness; 11. up; 12. raise; 13. public; 14. filled 二、音标听写 / tri tm nt/: treatment; / d s p ntm nt/: disappointment; / da l /: dialogue; / d w l/: goodwill; / wi lt e /: wheelchair; / s ld /: soldier; / fa m n/: fireman; / h ml s/: homeless; /d ne t/: donate; / r d ue t/: graduate 三、词汇巩固 英译汉 excuse: 原谅; purple: 紫色的; crayon: 彩色蜡笔; sunshine: 阳光; virus: 病毒; afford: 买得起; disappointment: 失望,沮丧; X-ray: X 光检查; treatment: 治疗,诊治;疗法; pocket: 衣袋,口袋; illness: 病,疾病;患病状态; wheelchair: 轮椅; public: 公开的; mention: 提到,说起,谈到; directly: 坦率地(直截了当地); solution: 解决方法; bottle: 瓶子; exam: 考试; dialogue: 对话; flu: 流行性感冒,流感; homeless: 无家可归的; donate: 捐赠,捐献; goodwill: 好意,亲善,友善; soldier: 士兵,军人; fireman: 消防队员; against: 和……对抗; graduate: 大学毕业; college: 大学;学院; warmth: 温暖; means: 手段,方法;工具; lucky: 运气好的,幸运的 四、词汇巩固 汉译英 原谅: excuse; 紫色的: purple; 彩色蜡笔: crayon; 阳光: sunshine; 病毒: virus; 买得起: afford; 失望,沮丧: disappointment; X 光检查: X-ray; 治疗,诊治;疗法: treatment; 衣袋,口袋: pocket; 病,疾病;患病状态: illness; 轮椅: wheelchair; 公开的: public; 提到,说起,谈到: mention; 坦率地(直截了当地): directly; 解决方法: solution; 瓶子: bottle; 考试: exam; 对话: dialogue; 流行性感冒,流感: flu; 无家可归的: homeless; 捐赠,捐献: donate; 好意,亲善,友善: goodwill; 士兵,军人: soldier; 消防队员: fireman; 和……对抗: against; 大学毕业: graduate; 大学;学院: college; 温暖: warmth; 手段,方法;工具: means; 运气好的,幸运的: lucky 五、单词变形 1. illness; 2. treatment; 3. crayons; 4. lucky; 5. warmth; 6. donate; 7. homeless; 8. afford; 9. graduate; 10. means; 11. sunny; 12. directly 六、重难点闯关 情态动词表推测填空实战 训练题 参考答案 Well, crayons carry viruses and spread diseases.(可能) may There be something for me to do.(一定) must It be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.(有时会) can —Who sent the present? it be your brother? Can —It be your brother. I saw him in your room just now.(肯定) must —It be my brother. He is still in France.(不可能) can't Take your swimming clothes because you want to go swimming in the sea.(说不定) might You be thirsty now after the long run.(肯定) must 七、短语在句中 1. up; 2. With; 3. public; 4. through; 5. with; 6. So 八、短语归纳 英译汉 excuse me: 劳驾(用于礼貌地引起他人注意); pocket money: 零花钱; go public: 公开,公之于众; a bottle of: 一瓶; by no means: 绝不,一点儿都不; get through: 渡过难关;熬过(困难时期); raise money: 筹钱;募捐; give up: 放弃; with the help of: 在……的帮助下; be born with: 生来就有; so far: 到目前为止; pass on: 传递;转交; make up one's mind: 下定决心 九、短语归纳 汉译英 劳驾(用于礼貌地引起他人注意): excuse me; 零花钱: pocket money; 公开,公之于众: go public; 一瓶: a bottle of; 绝不,一点儿都不: by no means; 渡过难关;熬过(困难时期): get through; 筹钱;募捐: raise money; 放弃: give up; 在……的帮助下: with the help of; 生来就有: be born with; 到目前为止: so far; 传递;转交: pass on; 下定决心: make up one's mind 十、金句积累 汉译英 1. I'm afraid you'll have to draw a grey butterfly. 2. Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases. 3. There must be something for me to do. 4. It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments. 5. Leah didn't want other young patients to feel her disappointment. 6. Word spread fast, and Leah's story went public. 十一、我的仿写 (开放性仿写题,用本单元重点句型造句,无固定答案,供课堂互评。) 十二、分层闯关 基础关(12 词,人人过关) 紫色的: purple; 彩色蜡笔: crayon; 阳光: sunshine; 病毒: virus; 衣袋,口袋: pocket; 轮椅: wheelchair; 瓶子: bottle; 考试: exam; 对话: dialogue; 流行性感冒,流感: flu; 士兵,军人: soldier; 运气好的,幸运的: lucky 十三、分层闯关 培优关(8 词,拔高挑战) 原谅: excuse; 买得起: afford; 失望,沮丧: disappointment; 治疗,诊治;疗法: treatment; 公开的: public; 解决方法: solution; 无家可归的: homeless; 捐赠,捐献: donate 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $