内容正文:
译林版《英语》八年级上册
Unit 1 Friendship Reading I教学设计
一、教材分析
本单元的话题是“友谊”,属于“人与社会”主题范畴下的“社会服务与人际沟通”主题群中的“良好的人际关系与人际交往”子主题。涉及的语篇类型有音频、对话、图片、记叙文、表格和说明文等。本单元的教学旨在引导学生深入认识好朋友须具备的良好品质,帮助学生深刻感悟朋友间的美好情谊,理解友谊对个人生活的重要意义,掌握有效的交友技巧并积极实践,在与朋友相处的过程中体验积极的情感,树立正确的择友观,养成珍视友谊的积极人生态度,培养恰当的行为处事方式,推动学生在人际交往中实现自我完善与成长。整个单元的七个板块涉及“友谊”的多个层面。Welcome to the unit板块以词汇与释义配对的形式呈现了好朋友的品质特征,激活学生已有的知识经验;该板块还借助多人对话展现不同学生对好朋友须具备的品格的认识,激发学生对“朋友”一词含义的思考,同时为单元学习做好热身准备。Reading板块的语篇是选取自《青少年》杂志征文活动的两篇文章,通过描写两位好朋友的外貌特征、个人品质及作者的情感,引导学生感受朋友的优秀品质,感悟朋友间的美好情谊,理解友谊对个人生活的重要意义,激发学生在生活中培养优秀品质,建立健康的友谊关系。Grammar板块以谈论朋友的外貌特征和特长为情境,重点学习形容词的比较级和最高级的形式特征、表意功能和使用规则,并引导学生正确使用形容词的比较级和最高级描述朋友的外貌和特长。Word power板块重点学习后缀-ful和-less,指导学生理解其意义,总结、归纳通过添加后缀-ful和-less将名词转化为形容词的规则,并在谈论与朋友相处的语境中运用该构词规则。Integration板块以“交友”为话题,涵盖了读、听、说、写等技能的学习,首先以一则寓言故事诠释“患难相扶”的友谊真谛;然后指导学生从谈论交友方式及如何与朋友和谐相处的音频中获取关键信息,完成信息填空,并以短文的形式总结交友技巧和朋友之间的相处之道,丰富学生对于建立和维系友谊的认知;接着呈现两名学生谈论朋友数量的对话,引导学生思考并表达自己对朋友数量的看法,形成对友谊的理性认识;最后指导学生完成本单元的写作任务——模仿范文撰写一篇文章,描述自己最好的朋友,体会互相帮助、互相支持的积极情感,思考友谊的意义和价值,形成珍视友谊的积极人生态度。Assessment板块引导学生运用元认知策略进行阶段性反思和总结,自我剖析本单元学习中的收获和存在的问题,并制订有针对性的解决方案。Further study板块介绍了一首关于朋友之间相互帮助与支持的英文歌曲,要求学生运用资源管理策略,主动搜索更多与“朋友”和“友谊”相关的歌曲、诗歌、故事或电影,并与同学进行交流和分享,进一步深化对本单元主题意义的探究。本单元的主题句为“Friendships enrich our lives.”,这句话旨在引导学生思考友谊对个人生活与成长的重要性,帮助学生树立健康的择友观,运用有效的交友技巧和沟通技能,培养恰当的行为处事方式,在人际交往中建立并维系真挚的友情,让友谊之树常青。
本课是Unit 1 Reading板块第一课时的教学,话题为My best friend,计划1课时。本板块的语篇是选取自《青少年》杂志征文活动中两名学生的投稿,分别为介绍Betty和Max的两篇记叙文。两篇文章在内容上贴近学生的心理认知水平,从姓名、外貌特征、个人品质等方面介绍了两名学生各自最好的朋友,展示了朋友间的真挚情谊以及好朋友对自己的正向影响,传递了友谊的核心价值。两个语篇均通过第一人称视角展开,按照“分—总”结构组织内容,均可划分为三个部分:第一部分为文章的首段,简要介绍好朋友的姓名和外貌特征;第二部分为首尾段之间的段落,是语篇的主体,重点描写Betty善良、乐于助人、值得信赖等品质,以及Max幽默风趣、精力充沛、乐观向上等品质,并借助具体事例加以佐证;第三部分为文章的最后一段,表达作者对朋友的情感,强调友谊的深厚与珍贵。两篇文章使用了slim、big bright eyes、in a ponytail、wear small round glasses等主题词汇描述外貌,使用kind、helpful、trustworthy、a great sense of humour、cheerful等词汇描述品质,并使用give up her seat on the bus to someone in need、help us with our homework、tell jokes and make us laugh、stay active by doing sport and other club activities等贴近学生生活经验的具体事例佐证抽象品质,使人物形象更加饱满。此外,文章使用了形容词比较级longer、最高级the tallest直观呈现外貌,使用了always、often、never等频度副词表现良好品质的一贯性。本课时侧重学习理解与应用实践,完成读前预测、略读梳理结构、精读提取信息(A部分)、细节理解与语言赏析(B部分)。
二、学情分析
从语言知识与技能层面来看,学生在Welcome to the unit板块已初步识记helpful、honest、cheerful、humorous、caring等描述品质的词汇,能够用简单句式谈论好朋友应具备的品质,为本课的阅读奠定了话题与词汇基础。但课文中出现的trustworthy、a great sense of humour、be full of energy、give up on、cheer sb up、look on the bright side等表达对学生而言仍较为陌生,需要借助语境进行猜测与理解。学生在七年级已接触过略读与扫读的基本方法,能够借助图片和标题预测语篇内容,但对于“如何梳理记叙文的结构”“如何从具体事例中概括抽象品质”仍缺乏方法,尤其难以发现两篇文章共同的“分—总”结构特点。此外,学生虽然已学过一般现在时,但对“作者为何通篇使用一般现在时而非一般过去时”“频度副词有何表达效果”等问题缺乏思考,需要教师通过追问加以引导。
从认知与情感层面来看,八年级学生对“好朋友”这一话题有着真实的兴趣与生活经验,阅读介绍同龄人好友的文章容易产生情感共鸣,学习动机较强。但学生的阅读往往停留在“了解故事情节”的表层,容易忽略作者的写作手法与情感表达,也较少将文中人物的品质与自身的生活建立联系。同时,学生在描述人物时习惯于堆砌形容词,尚未形成“先说品质、再举事例”的表达意识,而这一意识正是本单元写作任务的关键。因此,教学中需要教师借助图表等可视化工具搭建思维支架,引导学生从“读懂内容”走向“读懂写法”,并初步体会朋友间真挚情谊的美好。
三、教学目标
通过本课的学习,学生能够:
1. 借助标题、导语与插图预测语篇内容,运用略读策略获取两篇文章的主人公,并梳理每篇文章的段落结构与大意;
2. 运用扫读策略获取两位好朋友的姓名、外貌特征、个人品质及支撑事例等关键信息,完成教材A部分人物档案,形成结构化的语篇知识;
3. 借助第9页的TIP,运用上下文猜测a great sense of humour等生词的含义;
4. 理解并分析作者描写人物品质的方法(主题句+支撑细节)、一般现在时的表意功能以及频度副词的表达效果,完成教材B部分问答;
5. 感悟朋友间真挚美好的情谊,初步思考择友的标准与友谊的价值。
四、教学过程
教学目标
学习活动
效果评价
1. 借助标题、导语与插图预测语篇内容,运用略读策略获取两篇文章的主人公,并梳理每篇文章的段落结构与大意。
Step 1:Lead in
学生回顾Welcome to the unit板块的内容,思考并回答问题,建立新旧知识之间的联系。
Q: What makes good friends?
Possible answer
Good friends should be honest. They don’t lie to you, so you can trust them.
学生阅读第8页读前的两个问题,联系自身实际进行回答。
Q1: Who is your best friend? What does he/she look like?
Q2: What qualities does your best friend have?
Possible answer
1 My best friend is John. He is tall and slim. He wears a pair of glasses.
2 He is humorous and always makes us laugh. He is also helpful. He always helps me with my homework.
根据学生对“好朋友应具备什么品质”的回顾,评估学生能否迁移运用Welcome to the unit板块所学;根据学生对两个读前问题的回答,评估学生能否运用已有语言知识描述好友的外貌与品质,为阅读做好语言与情感准备。
设计意图:以回顾旧知切入,激活学生已有的话题词汇与背景知识;读前两问与语篇内容高度契合,既为学生的阅读提供了明确的预期,又唤醒了学生自身的生活经验,使后续的阅读成为一次“与文本对话、与自己对话”的过程,有效激发了学生的阅读动机。
2. 运用扫读策略获取两位好朋友的姓名、外貌特征、个人品质及支撑事例等关键信息,完成教材A部分人物档案,形成结构化的语篇知识。(同时达成目标1中的结构梳理)
Step 2:Prediction and skimming
学生阅读第8页的标题与导语,观察第8、9页的两幅插图,思考并回答问题。
Q1: Who wrote the two articles?
Q2: What are the two articles about?
Q3: What do you expect to read in the articles?
Q4: What are the students doing in the pictures?
Q5: What qualities do you think they have?
Possible answer
(1) Two students.
(2) The writers’ best friends.
(3) The names, looks and qualities of the writers’ best friends.
(4) In picture 1, the girl with a ponytail is giving up her seat on the bus to an old woman. In picture 2, the boy with glasses is telling jokes or doing something funny, and the other boy is laughing and clapping his hands.
(5) The girl in picture 1 is helpful and kind. The boy with glasses in picture 2 is interesting/humorous.
学生略读两篇文章,回答问题,验证读前预测。
Q1: Who is the writer’s best friend in each article?
Q2: How many parts are there in each article? What is each part about?
Possible answer
(1) The first writer’s best friend is Betty, and the second writer’s best friend is Max.
(2) Article 1:
Part 1 (paragraph 1): Name and looks
Part 2 (paragraphs 2–3): Qualities and supporting details
Part 3 (paragraph 4): Opinion and feelings
Article 2:
Part 1 (paragraph 1): Name and looks
Part 2 (paragraphs 2–4): Qualities and supporting details
Part 3 (paragraph 5): Opinion and feelings
根据学生对插图与标题的观察,评估学生能否借助非文字信息预测语篇内容;根据学生对两篇文章主人公的判断,评估学生略读策略的运用效果;根据学生对文章结构的划分,评估学生能否把握记叙文“分—总”的整体脉络,形成结构化认知。
设计意图:引导学生借助标题、导语与插图等非文字信息预测语篇内容,培养学生“借助多模态资源理解语篇”的阅读策略;略读后的结构划分是本课的关键环节,帮助学生从整体上把握两篇文章共同的“分—总”结构,既为后续的精读搭建了清晰的框架,也为本单元末的写作任务提供了可借鉴的语篇范式。
3. 运用扫读策略完成教材A部分人物档案;借助第9页的TIP,运用上下文猜测生词的含义。(目标2、3)
Step 3:Scanning and Part A
学生扫读两篇文章,完成第10页A部分Betty和Max的人物档案。
Answer
(1) slim (2) ponytail (3) Kind (4) Trustworthy
(5) tallest (6) small round (7) sense of humour
(8) Full of energy (9) Cheerful
学生阅读第9页的TIP,思考并回答问题,运用上下文猜测词义。
Q: How do you understand “has a great sense of humour”?
Possible answer
“Has a great sense of humour” means someone is funny or good at telling jokes and making people laugh.
教师引导学生运用同一策略猜测并理解下列表达的含义。
• trustworthy (提示:后文 She listens to me carefully ... I can tell her anything)
• full of energy (提示:后文 He never gets tired)
• give up on (提示:后文 but he always tells me, “Keep trying. You can do it!”)
根据学生A部分的完成情况,评估学生能否准确提取人物的外貌特征与个人品质等关键信息;根据学生对a great sense of humour等表达的理解,评估学生能否借助上下文线索猜测生词词义,是否掌握了这一阅读策略并能迁移运用。
设计意图:以人物档案的形式呈现信息,将零散的文本信息转化为结构化的知识,降低了信息提取的认知难度;人物档案中“Looks”与“Qualities”两栏的划分,潜移默化地向学生传递了“介绍人物要兼顾外貌与品质”的写作意识;结合第9页TIP开展的词义猜测活动,引导学生关注上下文中的解释性、对比性线索,将词汇学习融入阅读过程,培养了学生的词汇学习策略。
4. 精读语篇主体部分,梳理两位好朋友的品质及其支撑事例,分析作者的写作手法,完成教材B部分问答。(目标2、4)
Step 4:Careful reading and Part B
学生精读两篇文章的主体部分,完成下面的表格,梳理Betty和Max的品质及其支撑事例。
Answer
Betty — Kind and helpful:
(1) help anyone any time
(2) gives up her seat on the bus to someone in need
(3) helps us with our homework
Betty — Trustworthy:
(4) go to her
(5) understands me quite well
Max — Has a great sense of humour:
(6) tells jokes
Max — Full of energy:
(7) stays active
Max — Cheerful:
(8) Keep trying. You can do it!
学生再次扫读两篇文章,思考并回答问题,分析作者的写作手法。
Q1: How do the two writers describe their best friends’ qualities?
Q2: Why do the writers use the simple present tense instead of the simple past tense to describe what their friends do?
Q3: Can we leave out those adverbs of frequency like “always”, “often” and “never” in the articles?
Q4: How do the two writers express their feelings to their best friends?
Possible answer
(1) Both writers begin every paragraph in the main body with a topic sentence, and then they use supporting details to make the point clear.
(2) The writers use the simple present tense because they want to talk about the things their friends usually do.
(3) No, we can’t. Adverbs of frequency like “always” and “often” show their friends’ habits or typical ways of behaving. In the sentence “... never gets tired.”, the writer uses hyperbole to show that Max is always full of energy.
(4) In the first article, the writer uses positive adjectives like “kind”, “helpful” and “trustworthy” to show that Betty is a nice friend with good qualities. The writer also uses the phrase “the most wonderful friend in my life” to show his/her love for Betty. In the second article, sentences like “That means a lot to me.” and “I believe we will be best friends for life.” show that the writer is grateful for Max’s encouragement and values their friendship.
学生完成第10页B部分的五个问题,进一步内化对语篇细节的理解。
Possible answer
1 Betty is ready to help anyone any time. For example, she always gives up her seat on the bus to someone in need, and she often helps her classmates with their homework.
2 Betty tries to cheer her friend up.
3 Because Max has a great sense of humour. He often tells jokes and makes his friends laugh.
4 He stays active by doing sport and other club activities. He never gets tired.
5 Both Betty and Max support their friends by cheering them up. They both have a positive influence on their friends.
根据学生填写的品质—事例表格,评估学生能否从具体事例中提炼抽象品质,理解“观点—细节”的支撑关系;根据学生对四个写作手法问题的回答,评估学生能否理解主题句、一般现在时与频度副词的表意功能,能否体会作者的情感表达方式;根据学生B部分的回答,评估学生对语篇细节的把握程度与口头表达的完整性。
设计意图:从“写了什么”深入到“怎么写的”,是本课时由学习理解走向应用实践的关键一步。引导学生发现“主题句+支撑细节”的行文方式、一般现在时表现经常性行为的功能、频度副词体现品质一贯性的作用,使学生在理解内容的同时习得写作方法,为单元末“介绍我最好的朋友”的写作任务奠定能力基础;对情感表达方式的分析,则引导学生体会文字背后的情谊,深化对单元主题意义的感悟。
Homework
For All: Read the two articles on pages 8 and 9 three times and try to retell Betty’s and Max’s information according to the charts in class.
For some: Choose either Betty or Max and write a short passage of about 60 words to introduce him or her, using the expressions in the articles.
Unit 1 Friendship
Reading I: My best friend
Betty
Looks: a slim girl with big bright eyes; longer hair; a ponytail
Qualities: Kind and helpful — help anyone any time; give up her seat;
help us with our homework
Trustworthy — go to her; listen; understand
Max
Looks: the tallest boy; almost 1.8 m; small round glasses
Qualities: a great sense of humour — tell jokes; make us laugh
full of energy — stay active; never get tired
cheerful — “Keep trying. You can do it!”
Structure: Part 1 Name and looks
Part 2 Qualities and supporting details
Part 3 Opinion and feelings
TIP: Guess the meaning of a new word from the context.
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