Unit1-4 单词整理知识清单2026-2027学年人教版 八年级英语 上册

2026-09-06
| 19页
| 1023人阅读
| 8人下载
普通

摘要:

该初中英语新人教版八年级上册Unit 1—4单词整理清单,系统梳理了四单元核心词汇,涵盖词性词义、派生词、固定搭配、语境例句及易混词辨析等知识范畴,搭建了“基础认知—能力拓展—语境应用”的递进式学习支架。 清单以“词义解析—拓展延伸—对比辨析—应用实践”四维分类呈现知识体系,如“landscape”“scenery”等近义词通过场景差异辨析培养思维品质,“forget to do/doing”等用法搭配例句强化语言能力。特别设计“高频短语模块”如“look up查阅/向上看”等,标注使用场景,助力学生高效记忆,教师可直接用于词汇教学或复习,提升课堂实效。

内容正文:

新人教版八年级上册 Unit 1—4 单词整理 Unit 1 1. ancient:adj.古代的;古老的 例句:The ancient buildings attract lots of tourists. She told me an ancient story. 2. camp:n.度假营;营地 v.露营;宿营 →camping:n.露营(动名词) →camper:n.露营者 词组:go camping 去露营;summer camp 夏令营 3. landscape:n.风景;景色 辨析: landscape:侧重陆地山水,田园地貌。(野外大地风光) scenery:整体自然风光(山、湖、田野),泛指山水美景。(不可数) view:某一处视野范围内的风景。(窗外、山顶、窗边) sight:名胜、人文景观。 4. strange:adj.奇怪的;陌生的 →strangely:adv.奇怪地 →stranger:n.陌生人 词组:be strange to sth. 对……生疏 例句:It’s strange that he didn’t come to school today. 5. vacation:n.假期;度假 辨析:vacation(美式长假);holiday(英式节假日/短期假期) 词组:on vacation 在度假(=on holiday);take a vacation 休假 6. town:n.镇;商业区 辨析:town(城镇);village(村庄);city(城市) 7. breath:n.呼吸的空气;一口气 →breathe:v.呼吸 短语: take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹;让人叹绝 take a deep breath 深呼吸 8. especially:adv.尤其;特别 辨析:especially(尤其,侧重程度);specially(专门地,侧重目的) 例句:I like outdoor activities, especially camping. 9. steam:n.蒸汽 v.蒸煮 →steamed:adj.蒸制的 steamed chicken soup 汽锅鸡 10. anywhere:adv.&pron.在任何地方;随便哪个地方 用于否定句、疑问句。肯定句用somewhere,某地。 nowhere 无处;everywhere 到处 例句:I didn’t go anywhere during the holiday. 11. nothing:pron.没有任何东西;没有事 例句:He did nothing but watch TV all day. 12. scenery:n.风景;景色(不可数名词) 表达多处风景用 pieces of scenery 13. comfort:n.&v.安慰;舒适 →comfortable:adj.使人舒服的;舒适的 →comfortably:adv.舒适地 →uncomfortable:adj.不舒服的 例句:We lived in a comfortable hotel in Moscow. 14. ready:adj.准备好的;现成的 adv.已做完;已完成 词组:be ready to do sth. 马上要做某事;愿意做某事 get ready for sth. 为……做准备 例句:She is ready to go for a walk. 15. bored:adj.厌倦的;烦闷的(形容人内心感受) boring:adj.令人无聊的(形容物) 例句:I felt bored when I stayed in the hotel all day. The book is very boring. 16. Russia:n.俄罗斯 →Russian:adj.俄罗斯的;俄罗斯人的 n.俄罗斯人;俄语 复数Russians(俄罗斯人),语言Russian不可数 17. fight:v.打仗;打架 n.战斗;搏斗;斗争 变形:fight—fought—fought 词组:fight against sb/sth 与……作战;与……作斗争 例句:They fought against the enemy in World War Ⅱ. 18. guide:n.导游;指南;手册 v.给某人领路;指导 →guidance:n.指导(不可数) 词组:tour guide(导游) 19. thousands of:数以千计的;成千上万的(后加可数名词复数) 拓展:hundreds of(数以百计的) millions of:数百万,大量的 billions of:数十亿,非常多的 注意:thousand前有具体数字,不加s:two thousand people hundred,million,billion同理 20. remind:v.提醒;使想起 词组:remind sb of sth. 使某人想起某事 remind sb to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 例句:The photo reminds me of my trip to Russia. I reminded him to take an umbrella. 21. peace:n.和平;太平 →peaceful:adj.和平的;宁静的 →peacefully:adv.和平地 词组:in peace(平静地) 22. forget:v.忘记;遗忘(forget—forgot—forgotten) 词组:forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做) 例句:Don’t forget to close the window.(不要忘记去关窗。) I forget meeting him before.(我忘记以前见过他了。) 23. noon:n.正午;中午 词组:at noon 在正午;at night 在晚上(深夜、夜间) in the morning 在上午;in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上(傍晚,刚入夜) 24. regular:adj.平常的;有规律的 →regularly:adv.定期地;规律地 否定前缀:irregular 不规则的 25. countryside:n.乡村;农村(不可数) 辨析:countryside(泛指乡村环境);village(指具体村庄) 26. surprised:adj.惊奇的;惊讶的 surprised(人感到惊讶)/surprising(事物令人惊讶) 词组:be surprised at sth 对某事惊讶 例句:He is surprised at the news. 27. deer:n.(pl. deer)鹿 单复数同形:sheep(绵羊),fish(活鱼) 28. 关于look的短语 look up:查阅(词典、资料)/向上看;look for:寻找 look after:照顾,照看;look out:小心,当心 look through:浏览,看穿;look over:仔细检查,查看 look forward to doing:期待;look around:环顾四周 look down on/upon:看不起,轻视;look into:调查,观察 Unit 2 1. pack:v.打包;收拾 →package:n.包裹;包装盒 →packed:adj.挤满的;打包好的 短语:pack up 打包;a pack of biscuits 一包饼干 例句:Please pack up your luggage before leaving. 2. bathroom:n.浴室;洗手间 bathroom = restroom = toilet(美式英语常用bathroom表公共厕所) 拓展:bedroom卧室;living room客厅;balcony阳台;kitchen厨房 3. sort:v.把……分类;整理 n.种类 短语:sort out 整理;解决(难题) a sort of 一种;all sorts of = all kinds of 各种各样 辨析:sort(侧重人为分类);kind(泛指种类) 例句:You need to sort out your old books. 4. hang up:挂起;挂断电话 变形:hang—hung—hung 例句:Don’t hang up the phone.别挂断电话 She hung up her coat on the wall.她把外套挂在了墙上。 短语:hang out:闲逛;hang on:稍等 5. invite:v.邀请 →invitation:n.邀请;请柬 词组:invite sb to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 invite sb to sp. 邀请某人去某地 例句:He invited me to take part in the party. = He sent me an invitation to the party. 6. arrive:v.到达 →arrival:n.到达 词组:on one’s arrival 在某人到达时 arrive at + 小地点(城市内建筑、设施、车站、房间等) arrive in + 大地点(城市、国家) = get to = reach(reach及物,不加介词) 例句:On his arrival, we welcomed him warmly. 7. add:v.添加;加 →addition:n.添加 →additional:adj.额外的 短语:in addition 此外 add sth. to sth. 把某物加入某物中 例句:Please add some sugar to the coffee. 8. borrow:v.借(借入) 词组:borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物 lend:v.借出(lend—lent—lent) 词组:lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 例句:I borrowed a pair of scissors from him yesterday. =He lent me a pair of scissors yesterday. 9. plan:v.策划;打算(plan—planned—planned) n.计划;方案 词组:plan to do sth. = make a plan to do sth. 计划做某事 例句:We plan to have a treasure hunt this weekend. 10. treasure:n.宝物(可数);财富(不可数) v.珍视 例句:Time is our greatest treasure. 11. hunt:n.&v.搜寻;狩猎 →hunter:n.猎人 词组:hunt for = look for 寻找 12. lift:n.搭便车;电梯 v.举起;抬起 短语:give sb. a lift 开车顺便送某人 例句:Can you give me a lift to the community? 13. until:prep.&conj.到……时;直到……为止 肯定句:主句动词要用延续性动词,直到…… 否定句:not…until…(直到……才……) 例句: I waited until he arrived. I didn’t go to bed until I cleaned up the rubbish. 14. care:n.小心;照料 v.关心;在乎 →careful:adj.仔细的;小心的 →carefully:adv.仔细地;小心地 →careless:adj.粗心的;马虎的 →carelessly:adv.粗心地 词组: care about:关心;在乎;care for:照顾 = look after = take care of take care:保重;with care:小心地 be careful with sth. 小心某物 例句: Be careful with the glue, it’s sticky. 15. die:v.死亡(短暂性动词)→dead:adj.死的;不运行的 →death:n.死亡 →dying:adj.垂死的 例句:The battery is dead.电池没电了(不运行)。 The bird died yesterday. The bird is dead. The bird’s death is unexpected. 16. journey:n.旅行;历程 v.旅行 辨析:journey(长途陆路旅行);trip(短途出行);travel(泛指旅行) 17. luggage:n.行李(不可数名词,不能加s) 词组:a piece of luggage 一件行李 18. familiar:adj.熟悉的 词组:be familiar with(某人熟悉某物) be familiar to(某物为某人所熟知) 例句:I am familiar with this community. = This community is familiar to me. 19. describe:v.描述;形容 →description:n.描述;描写 词组:describe sth to sb 向某人描述某物 20. wherever:adv.&conj.无论去哪里;在任何地方 = no matter where 例句:Wherever you go, I will follow you. = No matter where you go, I will follow you. 21. matter:v.要紧 n.问题 短语:no matter + 疑问词(what/when/where 等)无论……;It doesn’t matter. 没关系。 句型:What’s the matter? = What’s wrong?怎么了? It doesn’t matter.没关系。 22. fresh:adj.新鲜的 →freshly:adv.刚刚 23. smell:v.闻;有……气味(smell—smelt—smelt) n.气味;臭味 用法:smell + adj. 闻起来……(系动词) 例句:The rubbish smells terrible.垃圾闻起来很臭。 24. joy:n.喜悦;乐趣 →enjoy:v.享受 →joyful:adj.快乐的 25. block:n.大楼;街区;大块 v.阻挡;堵塞 短语:a block of flats(一栋公寓楼);block the road(堵路) 26. decorate:v.装饰;装潢 →decoration:n.装饰品;装饰 词组:decorate sth. with sth. 用某物装饰某物 27. cover:v.遮盖;包括 n.遮盖物;封面 词组:cover…with…(用……盖住……) be covered with(被……覆盖) 例句:She covered the plate with a clean cloth. The ground is covered with fallen leaves in autumn. 28. scissors:n.(pl.)剪刀(永远复数) 词组:a pair of scissors 一把剪刀 29. glue:n.胶水(不可数) v.粘贴 词组:a bottle of glue 一瓶胶水 Unit 3 1. compare:v. 比较;对比 → comparison:n. 比较 词组:compare A with B(把A和B对比) compare A to B(把A比作B) 2. shy:adj. 害羞的 → shyness:n. 害羞 → shyly:adv. 害羞地 形容词等级:shy—shyer—shyest 3. lazy:adj. 懒惰的;懒洋洋的 → laziness:n. 懒惰 形容词等级:lazy—lazier—laziest 4. loud:adv. 响亮地 adj. 大声的 辨析: aloud:adv. 出声(能听见,不一定大喊),常用read aloud(朗读) loud:adj./adv. 大声地(音量大),常用speak louder loudly:adv. 大声地,吵闹地(多用于负面场景) 例句: Please read the dialogue aloud.(请大声朗读这段对话。) The music is too loud.(音乐太响了。) She said in a loud voice. They argued loudly in the bedroom. Don’t talk so loud/loudly in the bedroom. 5. perform:v. 表演;执行 → performance n. 表演;演出;执行;表现 → performer n. 表演者;演员 例句:She will perform tonight. Her performance will start soon. 6. solve:v. 解决;解答 → solution:n. 解决办法(必考变形) 短语:solve problems(解决问题) a solution to …(……的解决方法) 例句:Can you help me solve this difficult problem? 7. congratulation:n.祝贺;恭喜 短语:Congratulations on sth. 对……祝贺!(永远用复数) 例句:Congratulations on winning the prize! 8. prize:n.奖;奖励 辨析:prize(比赛、竞赛获得的奖项) award(官方颁发的荣誉奖项) reward(回报、酬劳) 9. attend:v.参加;出席 辨析:attend(出席会议、仪式、上课等正式场合) take part in:参加活动、比赛 join:加入团体、人群 join in:加入正在进行的小游戏 例句:He will attend the congratulatory party. 10. besides:prep.除……之外(还);adv.而且 辨析:besides(除A之外,包含A,还有其他) except(除A之外,排除A) 例句:Besides English, he also learns flute. 除了英语之外,他还学长笛。 Everyone is here except him. 每个人都到了,除了他。(他没到) 11. spare:adj.空闲的;备用的 v.抽出;拨出 词组:spare time(空闲时间)= free time spare sth. for sb. 为某人腾出某物 例句:I often read novels in my spare time. 12. pleasure:n.乐事;愉快;荣幸 → pleasant:adj.宜人的 → please:v.使高兴 int. 请 → pleased:adj.感到愉快的 例句: Please close the window. He is pleased with the result.(be pleased with:对……满意) I am pleased to meet your friends.(be pleased to do:很高兴做某事) We had a pleasant talk about friendship. It is a pleasant sunny day. It is my pleasure to help you solve the problem. 13. appear:v.出现 → appearance:n.外表;露面 → disappear:v.消失 → disappearance:n.消失 例句:We shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance. 14. serious:adj.严肃的;严重的 → seriously:adv.严肃地;严重地 词组:be serious about 认真严肃对待某事 =take sth. seriously 15. strong:adj.强壮的 → strength:n.优势;力量 例句:Kindness is one of his biggest strengths. 16. slim:adj.苗条的;薄的 比较级:slimmer 最高级:slimmest 17. population:n.人口 提问人口:What’s the population of…?(不用how many) 例句:What’s the population of this city? 18. interest:n.业余爱好;兴趣 v.使感兴趣 → interested:adj.(人)感到感兴趣的(be interested in) → interesting:adj.(物)令人感兴趣的 例句:He takes an interest in novels. = He is interested in novels. = He is interested in reading. 19. difference:n.差异 → different:adj.不同的(be different from 与…不同) 例句:There are many differences between them. 20. sense:n.理解力;感觉 词组:a sense of humour 幽默感 make sense 有道理 21. humour:n.幽默;幽默感 → humorous:adj.幽默的 22. thanks to:归功于;由于;因为 辨析:thanks to 多亏,由于(好结果) because of 因为(中性) 例句:Thanks to his help, I solved the problem quickly. 23. less:adj.较少的;更少的 adv.较少地 pron.更少 形容词等级:little—less—least(修饰不可数名词) few—fewer—fewest(修饰可数名词复数) 24. opinion:n.看法;意见 短语:in one’s opinion 在某人看来 25. honest:adj.坦诚的;诚实的 → honesty:n.诚实;正直 → dishonest:adj.不诚实的 注意:元音音素开头,用an(an honest boy) 26. direct:adj.直率的;直接的 → directly:adv.直接地 → direction:n.方向 → director:n.导演;负责人 27. similar:adj.相似的 → similarity:n.相似之处 词组:be similar to 与……相似 28. expect:v.预料;期待 → expectation:n.期待;预期 → expected:adj.预期的;预料之中的 → unexpected:adj.意外的;出人意料的 词组:expect to do sth 期待做某事 expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 expect + that从句 预料…… 例句:I expect to get a pleasant situation soon. 29. reach:v.伸手;达到;到达 注意:reach = get to = arrive at/in 到达 短语:reach for 伸手触碰 例句:He reached for the mirror on the table. 30. lend (sb) a hand:帮助(某人)= help sb 例句:Please lend me a hand when I make a mistake. 辨析:borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物 lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 (lend—lent—lent) Unit 4 1. moss:n.苔藓(复数mosses)→mossy:adj.长满苔藓的 例句:Green moss grows on the old stone.(表示苔藓这种物质,不可数) Different mosses grow on the rocks.(表示不同种类,一丛丛的苔藓,可数) 2. fold:v.折叠→folding:adj.折叠式的;可折叠的→folded:adj.被折叠的 例句:This folding fan is beautiful. 这把折扇很漂亮。 He folds the paper carefully. 他仔细折叠纸张。 3. bamboo:n.竹;竹子 注意:泛指竹子这种物质时不可数。 指一棵棵竹子时可数,复数bamboos。 短语:bamboo house 竹屋 bamboo shoot 竹笋 例句:Pandas like eating bamboo. 熊猫喜欢吃竹子。 4. popular:adj.广受欢迎的;流行的→popularity:n.受欢迎;流行 词组:be popular with/among 受……欢迎 例句:This song is popular with teenagers. 这首歌很受青少年欢迎。 5. good:adj.好的→goodness:n.美德;营养 短语:thank goodness 谢天谢地 例句:We should learn the goodness of honesty. 我们应该学习诚实的美德。 6. tool:n.工具;手段 例句:A knife is a useful tool. 刀是有用的工具。 7. actual:adj.实际的→actually:adv.实际上;居然 = in fact 例句:He actually knows the truth. 他实际上知道真相。 8. shoot:n.幼苗;嫩芽 v.开(枪);射击(shoot—shot—shot)→shooter:n.射手 词组:shoot at 朝……射击 例句:He shot at the bird. 他朝鸟射击。 9. appear:v.出现;呈现→appearance:n.外貌;出现→disappear:v.消失→disappearance:n.消失 词组:appear to do 似乎做某事 例句:A bird appeared in the sky. 一只鸟出现在天空。 10. land:n.陆地;土地 v.降落;着陆→landing:n.着陆 短语:on land 在陆地上 例句:The plane will land soon. 飞机很快将要降落。 11. Africa:n.非洲→African:adj.非洲的;非洲人的 n.非洲人(复数Africans) 短语:African countries 非洲国家 例句:These African animals are very special. 这些非洲动物很特别。 12. rose:n.玫瑰;蔷薇(复数roses) 注意:rose同时是动词rise(升起)的过去式(rise—rose—risen) 例句:She receives a red rose on her birthday. 她生日收到一支红玫瑰。 13. peony:n.牡丹;芍药(复数peonies) 例句:Peonies are regarded as the national flower in China. 牡丹在中国被视作国花。 14. lotus:n.莲花(复数lotuses) 短语:lotus flower 荷花 例句:The lotus grows in clean water. 莲花生长在清水中。 15. weigh:v.有……重;称重量→weight:n.重量 短语:lose weight 减肥 put on weight 增重 例句:The little dog weighs five kilos. 这只小狗重五千克。 16. kilogram:n.千克;公斤(复数kilograms) 例句:The box weighs twenty kilograms. 这个箱子重二十公斤。 17. ginkgo:n.银杏(复数ginkgoes) 例句:Ginkgo trees can live for thousands of years. 银杏树可以存活数千年。 18. province:n.省份(复数provinces) 例句:Zhejiang is a beautiful province in the east of China. 19. take a walk:短语,散步 = go for a walk 例句:I often take a walk with my parents after dinner. 我经常晚饭后和父母散步。 20. connect:v.关联;连接→connected:adj.连接的;相关的→connection:n.联系;连接 词组:connect A with/to B 把A和B连接 be connected with/to 与……相连;与……有关联 例句:The bridge connects the two small towns. 这座桥连接两座小镇。 This problem is connected with our daily life. 这个问题和我们的日常生活有关。 21. without:prep.没有;缺乏 注意:后面接名词、代词或者doing动名词,反义词with。 例句:He left the room without saying any words. 他一言不发离开了房间。 22. imagine:v.想象;猜想→imagination:n.想象力 词组:imagine doing sth 想象做某事(不能接to do) 例句:Can you imagine living on a quiet island? 23. honey:n.蜂蜜;(爱称)亲爱的 例句:Bees make honey for food. 蜜蜂酿造蜂蜜作为食物。 24. disappoint:v.使失望;使破灭→disappointment:n.失望→disappointed:adj.失望的;沮丧的(人的内心感受)→disappointing:adj.(事物)令人失望的 词组:be disappointed with/at sth 对……感到失望 例句:He was disappointed with the final result. 他对最终结果感到失望。 Don’t disappoint your teachers. 不要让你的老师失望。 25. act:v.行动;做事→action:n.行动;行为→active:adj.积极的→actor:n.男演员 短语:take action 采取行动 in fact 事实上;实际上 例句:We must take action to protect the environment. 我们必须采取行动保护环境。 26. percent:n.百分之…… adj.&adv.每一百中 注意:percent永远不加s 用法:数字+percent of +名词作主语,谓语单复数看of后面名词。 短语:for this reason 出于这个原因 例句:Seventy percent of the earth is covered with water. 地球百分之七十被水覆盖。 27. in order to:为了;以便 短语:in order to +动词原形 in order that +完整句子 例句:He gets up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上头班公交车。 28. store:v.贮存;存储 n.百货商店;商店→storage:n.储存 例句:Some animals store food for the cold winter. 一些动物储存食物过冬。 29. communicate:v.交流;沟通→communication:n.交流;通讯 词组:communicate with sb 和某人交流 例句:Parents should communicate with their children more often. 30. ecosystem:n.生态系统 例句:It’s important for humans to keep the balance of the ecosystem. 对人类来说保持生态系统平衡很重要。(写作例句) 31. protect:v.保护;防护→protection:n.保护→protective:adj.保护的 词组:protect … from/against … 保护……免受…… 例句:We should protect trees from being cut down. 我们应当保护树木免遭砍伐。 32. important:adj.重要的→importance:n.重要性 词组:the importance of ……的重要 例句:Students should realize the importance of reading. 33. human:n.人(复数humans) adj.人的;人类的 辨析:human 泛指人类 human being侧重个体的人 例句:Humans should get along well with nature. 人类应该和大自然和睦相处。 34. happy:adj.快乐的→happiness:n.幸福;快乐→unhappy:adj.不快乐的→unhappiness:n.不幸福 例句:Money cannot bring us real happiness. 金钱不能带给我们真正的幸福。 35. role:n.作用;职能;角色(复数roles) 词组:play a role (in) 在……中发挥作用;扮演角色 例句:Forests play an important role in our life. 36. climate:n.气候 辨析:climate 长期的气候;weather 短期天气 例句:The south of China has a warm wet climate. 中国南方有着温暖湿润的气候。 37. ocean:n.大海;海洋(复数oceans) 例句:Many different kinds of animals live in the ocean. 38. except:prep.除……之外;除了 辨析:except:除去,不包含 besides:除了……之外还有,包含在内 例句:All students went out except Tom. 除了汤姆,所有学生都出去了。(汤姆没出去) I like math besides English. 除了英语,我还喜欢数学。(都喜欢) 39. tiny:adj.极小的;微小的(比较级tinier;最高级tiniest) 例句:There are tiny little insects under the leaf. 叶子下面有极其微小的昆虫。 40. live up to:达到;符合 短语:live up to one’s expectations 不负某人的期望 例句:He worked hard to live up to his parents’ hopes. 41. lively:adj.精力充沛的;生机勃勃的→live:v.居住 辨析:lively活泼的 alive活着的 living活着的 例句:She is a lively and outgoing girl. 她是一个活泼外向的女孩。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

Unit1-4 单词整理知识清单2026-2027学年人教版 八年级英语 上册
1
Unit1-4 单词整理知识清单2026-2027学年人教版 八年级英语 上册
2
Unit1-4 单词整理知识清单2026-2027学年人教版 八年级英语 上册
3
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。