内容正文:
新人教版八年级上册 Unit 1—4 单词整理
Unit 1
1. ancient:adj.古代的;古老的
例句:The ancient buildings attract lots of tourists.
She told me an ancient story.
2. camp:n.度假营;营地 v.露营;宿营
→camping:n.露营(动名词)
→camper:n.露营者
词组:go camping 去露营;summer camp 夏令营
3. landscape:n.风景;景色
辨析:
landscape:侧重陆地山水,田园地貌。(野外大地风光)
scenery:整体自然风光(山、湖、田野),泛指山水美景。(不可数)
view:某一处视野范围内的风景。(窗外、山顶、窗边)
sight:名胜、人文景观。
4. strange:adj.奇怪的;陌生的 →strangely:adv.奇怪地
→stranger:n.陌生人
词组:be strange to sth. 对……生疏
例句:It’s strange that he didn’t come to school today.
5. vacation:n.假期;度假
辨析:vacation(美式长假);holiday(英式节假日/短期假期)
词组:on vacation 在度假(=on holiday);take a vacation 休假
6. town:n.镇;商业区
辨析:town(城镇);village(村庄);city(城市)
7. breath:n.呼吸的空气;一口气 →breathe:v.呼吸
短语:
take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹;让人叹绝
take a deep breath 深呼吸
8. especially:adv.尤其;特别
辨析:especially(尤其,侧重程度);specially(专门地,侧重目的)
例句:I like outdoor activities, especially camping.
9. steam:n.蒸汽 v.蒸煮 →steamed:adj.蒸制的
steamed chicken soup 汽锅鸡
10. anywhere:adv.&pron.在任何地方;随便哪个地方
用于否定句、疑问句。肯定句用somewhere,某地。
nowhere 无处;everywhere 到处
例句:I didn’t go anywhere during the holiday.
11. nothing:pron.没有任何东西;没有事
例句:He did nothing but watch TV all day.
12. scenery:n.风景;景色(不可数名词)
表达多处风景用 pieces of scenery
13. comfort:n.&v.安慰;舒适 →comfortable:adj.使人舒服的;舒适的
→comfortably:adv.舒适地
→uncomfortable:adj.不舒服的
例句:We lived in a comfortable hotel in Moscow.
14. ready:adj.准备好的;现成的 adv.已做完;已完成
词组:be ready to do sth. 马上要做某事;愿意做某事
get ready for sth. 为……做准备
例句:She is ready to go for a walk.
15. bored:adj.厌倦的;烦闷的(形容人内心感受)
boring:adj.令人无聊的(形容物)
例句:I felt bored when I stayed in the hotel all day.
The book is very boring.
16. Russia:n.俄罗斯
→Russian:adj.俄罗斯的;俄罗斯人的 n.俄罗斯人;俄语
复数Russians(俄罗斯人),语言Russian不可数
17. fight:v.打仗;打架 n.战斗;搏斗;斗争
变形:fight—fought—fought
词组:fight against sb/sth 与……作战;与……作斗争
例句:They fought against the enemy in World War Ⅱ.
18. guide:n.导游;指南;手册 v.给某人领路;指导
→guidance:n.指导(不可数)
词组:tour guide(导游)
19. thousands of:数以千计的;成千上万的(后加可数名词复数)
拓展:hundreds of(数以百计的)
millions of:数百万,大量的
billions of:数十亿,非常多的
注意:thousand前有具体数字,不加s:two thousand people
hundred,million,billion同理
20. remind:v.提醒;使想起
词组:remind sb of sth. 使某人想起某事
remind sb to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
例句:The photo reminds me of my trip to Russia.
I reminded him to take an umbrella.
21. peace:n.和平;太平
→peaceful:adj.和平的;宁静的 →peacefully:adv.和平地
词组:in peace(平静地)
22. forget:v.忘记;遗忘(forget—forgot—forgotten)
词组:forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
例句:Don’t forget to close the window.(不要忘记去关窗。)
I forget meeting him before.(我忘记以前见过他了。)
23. noon:n.正午;中午
词组:at noon 在正午;at night 在晚上(深夜、夜间)
in the morning 在上午;in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上(傍晚,刚入夜)
24. regular:adj.平常的;有规律的 →regularly:adv.定期地;规律地
否定前缀:irregular 不规则的
25. countryside:n.乡村;农村(不可数)
辨析:countryside(泛指乡村环境);village(指具体村庄)
26. surprised:adj.惊奇的;惊讶的
surprised(人感到惊讶)/surprising(事物令人惊讶)
词组:be surprised at sth 对某事惊讶
例句:He is surprised at the news.
27. deer:n.(pl. deer)鹿
单复数同形:sheep(绵羊),fish(活鱼)
28. 关于look的短语
look up:查阅(词典、资料)/向上看;look for:寻找
look after:照顾,照看;look out:小心,当心
look through:浏览,看穿;look over:仔细检查,查看
look forward to doing:期待;look around:环顾四周
look down on/upon:看不起,轻视;look into:调查,观察
Unit 2
1. pack:v.打包;收拾 →package:n.包裹;包装盒
→packed:adj.挤满的;打包好的
短语:pack up 打包;a pack of biscuits 一包饼干
例句:Please pack up your luggage before leaving.
2. bathroom:n.浴室;洗手间
bathroom = restroom = toilet(美式英语常用bathroom表公共厕所)
拓展:bedroom卧室;living room客厅;balcony阳台;kitchen厨房
3. sort:v.把……分类;整理 n.种类
短语:sort out 整理;解决(难题)
a sort of 一种;all sorts of = all kinds of 各种各样
辨析:sort(侧重人为分类);kind(泛指种类)
例句:You need to sort out your old books.
4. hang up:挂起;挂断电话
变形:hang—hung—hung
例句:Don’t hang up the phone.别挂断电话
She hung up her coat on the wall.她把外套挂在了墙上。
短语:hang out:闲逛;hang on:稍等
5. invite:v.邀请 →invitation:n.邀请;请柬
词组:invite sb to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
invite sb to sp. 邀请某人去某地
例句:He invited me to take part in the party.
= He sent me an invitation to the party.
6. arrive:v.到达 →arrival:n.到达
词组:on one’s arrival 在某人到达时
arrive at + 小地点(城市内建筑、设施、车站、房间等)
arrive in + 大地点(城市、国家)
= get to = reach(reach及物,不加介词)
例句:On his arrival, we welcomed him warmly.
7. add:v.添加;加 →addition:n.添加 →additional:adj.额外的
短语:in addition 此外
add sth. to sth. 把某物加入某物中
例句:Please add some sugar to the coffee.
8. borrow:v.借(借入)
词组:borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物
lend:v.借出(lend—lent—lent)
词组:lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
例句:I borrowed a pair of scissors from him yesterday.
=He lent me a pair of scissors yesterday.
9. plan:v.策划;打算(plan—planned—planned) n.计划;方案
词组:plan to do sth. = make a plan to do sth. 计划做某事
例句:We plan to have a treasure hunt this weekend.
10. treasure:n.宝物(可数);财富(不可数) v.珍视
例句:Time is our greatest treasure.
11. hunt:n.&v.搜寻;狩猎 →hunter:n.猎人
词组:hunt for = look for 寻找
12. lift:n.搭便车;电梯 v.举起;抬起
短语:give sb. a lift 开车顺便送某人
例句:Can you give me a lift to the community?
13. until:prep.&conj.到……时;直到……为止
肯定句:主句动词要用延续性动词,直到……
否定句:not…until…(直到……才……)
例句:
I waited until he arrived.
I didn’t go to bed until I cleaned up the rubbish.
14. care:n.小心;照料 v.关心;在乎 →careful:adj.仔细的;小心的
→carefully:adv.仔细地;小心地
→careless:adj.粗心的;马虎的
→carelessly:adv.粗心地
词组:
care about:关心;在乎;care for:照顾 = look after = take care of
take care:保重;with care:小心地
be careful with sth. 小心某物
例句:
Be careful with the glue, it’s sticky.
15. die:v.死亡(短暂性动词)→dead:adj.死的;不运行的 →death:n.死亡 →dying:adj.垂死的
例句:The battery is dead.电池没电了(不运行)。
The bird died yesterday.
The bird is dead.
The bird’s death is unexpected.
16. journey:n.旅行;历程 v.旅行
辨析:journey(长途陆路旅行);trip(短途出行);travel(泛指旅行)
17. luggage:n.行李(不可数名词,不能加s)
词组:a piece of luggage 一件行李
18. familiar:adj.熟悉的
词组:be familiar with(某人熟悉某物)
be familiar to(某物为某人所熟知)
例句:I am familiar with this community.
= This community is familiar to me.
19. describe:v.描述;形容 →description:n.描述;描写
词组:describe sth to sb 向某人描述某物
20. wherever:adv.&conj.无论去哪里;在任何地方
= no matter where
例句:Wherever you go, I will follow you.
= No matter where you go, I will follow you.
21. matter:v.要紧 n.问题
短语:no matter + 疑问词(what/when/where 等)无论……;It doesn’t matter. 没关系。
句型:What’s the matter? = What’s wrong?怎么了?
It doesn’t matter.没关系。
22. fresh:adj.新鲜的 →freshly:adv.刚刚
23. smell:v.闻;有……气味(smell—smelt—smelt) n.气味;臭味
用法:smell + adj. 闻起来……(系动词)
例句:The rubbish smells terrible.垃圾闻起来很臭。
24. joy:n.喜悦;乐趣 →enjoy:v.享受 →joyful:adj.快乐的
25. block:n.大楼;街区;大块 v.阻挡;堵塞
短语:a block of flats(一栋公寓楼);block the road(堵路)
26. decorate:v.装饰;装潢 →decoration:n.装饰品;装饰
词组:decorate sth. with sth. 用某物装饰某物
27. cover:v.遮盖;包括 n.遮盖物;封面
词组:cover…with…(用……盖住……)
be covered with(被……覆盖)
例句:She covered the plate with a clean cloth.
The ground is covered with fallen leaves in autumn.
28. scissors:n.(pl.)剪刀(永远复数)
词组:a pair of scissors 一把剪刀
29. glue:n.胶水(不可数) v.粘贴
词组:a bottle of glue 一瓶胶水
Unit 3
1. compare:v. 比较;对比 → comparison:n. 比较
词组:compare A with B(把A和B对比)
compare A to B(把A比作B)
2. shy:adj. 害羞的 → shyness:n. 害羞 → shyly:adv. 害羞地
形容词等级:shy—shyer—shyest
3. lazy:adj. 懒惰的;懒洋洋的 → laziness:n. 懒惰
形容词等级:lazy—lazier—laziest
4. loud:adv. 响亮地 adj. 大声的
辨析:
aloud:adv. 出声(能听见,不一定大喊),常用read aloud(朗读)
loud:adj./adv. 大声地(音量大),常用speak louder
loudly:adv. 大声地,吵闹地(多用于负面场景)
例句:
Please read the dialogue aloud.(请大声朗读这段对话。)
The music is too loud.(音乐太响了。)
She said in a loud voice.
They argued loudly in the bedroom.
Don’t talk so loud/loudly in the bedroom.
5. perform:v. 表演;执行 → performance n. 表演;演出;执行;表现
→ performer n. 表演者;演员
例句:She will perform tonight.
Her performance will start soon.
6. solve:v. 解决;解答 → solution:n. 解决办法(必考变形)
短语:solve problems(解决问题)
a solution to …(……的解决方法)
例句:Can you help me solve this difficult problem?
7. congratulation:n.祝贺;恭喜
短语:Congratulations on sth. 对……祝贺!(永远用复数)
例句:Congratulations on winning the prize!
8. prize:n.奖;奖励
辨析:prize(比赛、竞赛获得的奖项)
award(官方颁发的荣誉奖项)
reward(回报、酬劳)
9. attend:v.参加;出席
辨析:attend(出席会议、仪式、上课等正式场合)
take part in:参加活动、比赛
join:加入团体、人群
join in:加入正在进行的小游戏
例句:He will attend the congratulatory party.
10. besides:prep.除……之外(还);adv.而且
辨析:besides(除A之外,包含A,还有其他)
except(除A之外,排除A)
例句:Besides English, he also learns flute. 除了英语之外,他还学长笛。
Everyone is here except him. 每个人都到了,除了他。(他没到)
11. spare:adj.空闲的;备用的 v.抽出;拨出
词组:spare time(空闲时间)= free time
spare sth. for sb. 为某人腾出某物
例句:I often read novels in my spare time.
12. pleasure:n.乐事;愉快;荣幸 → pleasant:adj.宜人的
→ please:v.使高兴 int. 请
→ pleased:adj.感到愉快的
例句:
Please close the window.
He is pleased with the result.(be pleased with:对……满意)
I am pleased to meet your friends.(be pleased to do:很高兴做某事)
We had a pleasant talk about friendship.
It is a pleasant sunny day.
It is my pleasure to help you solve the problem.
13. appear:v.出现 → appearance:n.外表;露面
→ disappear:v.消失 → disappearance:n.消失
例句:We shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance.
14. serious:adj.严肃的;严重的 → seriously:adv.严肃地;严重地
词组:be serious about 认真严肃对待某事
=take sth. seriously
15. strong:adj.强壮的 → strength:n.优势;力量
例句:Kindness is one of his biggest strengths.
16. slim:adj.苗条的;薄的
比较级:slimmer 最高级:slimmest
17. population:n.人口
提问人口:What’s the population of…?(不用how many)
例句:What’s the population of this city?
18. interest:n.业余爱好;兴趣 v.使感兴趣 → interested:adj.(人)感到感兴趣的(be interested in) → interesting:adj.(物)令人感兴趣的
例句:He takes an interest in novels.
= He is interested in novels.
= He is interested in reading.
19. difference:n.差异 → different:adj.不同的(be different from 与…不同)
例句:There are many differences between them.
20. sense:n.理解力;感觉
词组:a sense of humour 幽默感 make sense 有道理
21. humour:n.幽默;幽默感 → humorous:adj.幽默的
22. thanks to:归功于;由于;因为
辨析:thanks to 多亏,由于(好结果)
because of 因为(中性)
例句:Thanks to his help, I solved the problem quickly.
23. less:adj.较少的;更少的 adv.较少地 pron.更少
形容词等级:little—less—least(修饰不可数名词)
few—fewer—fewest(修饰可数名词复数)
24. opinion:n.看法;意见
短语:in one’s opinion 在某人看来
25. honest:adj.坦诚的;诚实的 → honesty:n.诚实;正直
→ dishonest:adj.不诚实的
注意:元音音素开头,用an(an honest boy)
26. direct:adj.直率的;直接的 → directly:adv.直接地
→ direction:n.方向
→ director:n.导演;负责人
27. similar:adj.相似的 → similarity:n.相似之处
词组:be similar to 与……相似
28. expect:v.预料;期待 → expectation:n.期待;预期
→ expected:adj.预期的;预料之中的
→ unexpected:adj.意外的;出人意料的
词组:expect to do sth 期待做某事
expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事
expect + that从句 预料……
例句:I expect to get a pleasant situation soon.
29. reach:v.伸手;达到;到达
注意:reach = get to = arrive at/in 到达
短语:reach for 伸手触碰
例句:He reached for the mirror on the table.
30. lend (sb) a hand:帮助(某人)= help sb
例句:Please lend me a hand when I make a mistake.
辨析:borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
(lend—lent—lent)
Unit 4
1. moss:n.苔藓(复数mosses)→mossy:adj.长满苔藓的
例句:Green moss grows on the old stone.(表示苔藓这种物质,不可数)
Different mosses grow on the rocks.(表示不同种类,一丛丛的苔藓,可数)
2. fold:v.折叠→folding:adj.折叠式的;可折叠的→folded:adj.被折叠的
例句:This folding fan is beautiful. 这把折扇很漂亮。
He folds the paper carefully. 他仔细折叠纸张。
3. bamboo:n.竹;竹子
注意:泛指竹子这种物质时不可数。
指一棵棵竹子时可数,复数bamboos。
短语:bamboo house 竹屋 bamboo shoot 竹笋
例句:Pandas like eating bamboo. 熊猫喜欢吃竹子。
4. popular:adj.广受欢迎的;流行的→popularity:n.受欢迎;流行
词组:be popular with/among 受……欢迎
例句:This song is popular with teenagers. 这首歌很受青少年欢迎。
5. good:adj.好的→goodness:n.美德;营养
短语:thank goodness 谢天谢地
例句:We should learn the goodness of honesty. 我们应该学习诚实的美德。
6. tool:n.工具;手段
例句:A knife is a useful tool. 刀是有用的工具。
7. actual:adj.实际的→actually:adv.实际上;居然 = in fact
例句:He actually knows the truth. 他实际上知道真相。
8. shoot:n.幼苗;嫩芽 v.开(枪);射击(shoot—shot—shot)→shooter:n.射手
词组:shoot at 朝……射击
例句:He shot at the bird. 他朝鸟射击。
9. appear:v.出现;呈现→appearance:n.外貌;出现→disappear:v.消失→disappearance:n.消失
词组:appear to do 似乎做某事
例句:A bird appeared in the sky. 一只鸟出现在天空。
10. land:n.陆地;土地 v.降落;着陆→landing:n.着陆
短语:on land 在陆地上
例句:The plane will land soon. 飞机很快将要降落。
11. Africa:n.非洲→African:adj.非洲的;非洲人的 n.非洲人(复数Africans)
短语:African countries 非洲国家
例句:These African animals are very special. 这些非洲动物很特别。
12. rose:n.玫瑰;蔷薇(复数roses)
注意:rose同时是动词rise(升起)的过去式(rise—rose—risen)
例句:She receives a red rose on her birthday. 她生日收到一支红玫瑰。
13. peony:n.牡丹;芍药(复数peonies)
例句:Peonies are regarded as the national flower in China. 牡丹在中国被视作国花。
14. lotus:n.莲花(复数lotuses)
短语:lotus flower 荷花
例句:The lotus grows in clean water. 莲花生长在清水中。
15. weigh:v.有……重;称重量→weight:n.重量
短语:lose weight 减肥 put on weight 增重
例句:The little dog weighs five kilos. 这只小狗重五千克。
16. kilogram:n.千克;公斤(复数kilograms)
例句:The box weighs twenty kilograms. 这个箱子重二十公斤。
17. ginkgo:n.银杏(复数ginkgoes)
例句:Ginkgo trees can live for thousands of years. 银杏树可以存活数千年。
18. province:n.省份(复数provinces)
例句:Zhejiang is a beautiful province in the east of China.
19. take a walk:短语,散步 = go for a walk
例句:I often take a walk with my parents after dinner. 我经常晚饭后和父母散步。
20. connect:v.关联;连接→connected:adj.连接的;相关的→connection:n.联系;连接
词组:connect A with/to B 把A和B连接
be connected with/to 与……相连;与……有关联
例句:The bridge connects the two small towns. 这座桥连接两座小镇。
This problem is connected with our daily life. 这个问题和我们的日常生活有关。
21. without:prep.没有;缺乏
注意:后面接名词、代词或者doing动名词,反义词with。
例句:He left the room without saying any words. 他一言不发离开了房间。
22. imagine:v.想象;猜想→imagination:n.想象力
词组:imagine doing sth 想象做某事(不能接to do)
例句:Can you imagine living on a quiet island?
23. honey:n.蜂蜜;(爱称)亲爱的
例句:Bees make honey for food. 蜜蜂酿造蜂蜜作为食物。
24. disappoint:v.使失望;使破灭→disappointment:n.失望→disappointed:adj.失望的;沮丧的(人的内心感受)→disappointing:adj.(事物)令人失望的
词组:be disappointed with/at sth 对……感到失望
例句:He was disappointed with the final result. 他对最终结果感到失望。
Don’t disappoint your teachers. 不要让你的老师失望。
25. act:v.行动;做事→action:n.行动;行为→active:adj.积极的→actor:n.男演员
短语:take action 采取行动 in fact 事实上;实际上
例句:We must take action to protect the environment. 我们必须采取行动保护环境。
26. percent:n.百分之…… adj.&adv.每一百中
注意:percent永远不加s
用法:数字+percent of +名词作主语,谓语单复数看of后面名词。
短语:for this reason 出于这个原因
例句:Seventy percent of the earth is covered with water. 地球百分之七十被水覆盖。
27. in order to:为了;以便
短语:in order to +动词原形 in order that +完整句子
例句:He gets up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上头班公交车。
28. store:v.贮存;存储 n.百货商店;商店→storage:n.储存
例句:Some animals store food for the cold winter. 一些动物储存食物过冬。
29. communicate:v.交流;沟通→communication:n.交流;通讯
词组:communicate with sb 和某人交流
例句:Parents should communicate with their children more often.
30. ecosystem:n.生态系统
例句:It’s important for humans to keep the balance of the ecosystem. 对人类来说保持生态系统平衡很重要。(写作例句)
31. protect:v.保护;防护→protection:n.保护→protective:adj.保护的
词组:protect … from/against … 保护……免受……
例句:We should protect trees from being cut down. 我们应当保护树木免遭砍伐。
32. important:adj.重要的→importance:n.重要性
词组:the importance of ……的重要
例句:Students should realize the importance of reading.
33. human:n.人(复数humans) adj.人的;人类的
辨析:human 泛指人类 human being侧重个体的人
例句:Humans should get along well with nature. 人类应该和大自然和睦相处。
34. happy:adj.快乐的→happiness:n.幸福;快乐→unhappy:adj.不快乐的→unhappiness:n.不幸福
例句:Money cannot bring us real happiness. 金钱不能带给我们真正的幸福。
35. role:n.作用;职能;角色(复数roles)
词组:play a role (in) 在……中发挥作用;扮演角色
例句:Forests play an important role in our life.
36. climate:n.气候
辨析:climate 长期的气候;weather 短期天气
例句:The south of China has a warm wet climate. 中国南方有着温暖湿润的气候。
37. ocean:n.大海;海洋(复数oceans)
例句:Many different kinds of animals live in the ocean.
38. except:prep.除……之外;除了
辨析:except:除去,不包含 besides:除了……之外还有,包含在内
例句:All students went out except Tom. 除了汤姆,所有学生都出去了。(汤姆没出去)
I like math besides English. 除了英语,我还喜欢数学。(都喜欢)
39. tiny:adj.极小的;微小的(比较级tinier;最高级tiniest)
例句:There are tiny little insects under the leaf. 叶子下面有极其微小的昆虫。
40. live up to:达到;符合
短语:live up to one’s expectations 不负某人的期望
例句:He worked hard to live up to his parents’ hopes.
41. lively:adj.精力充沛的;生机勃勃的→live:v.居住
辨析:lively活泼的 alive活着的 living活着的
例句:She is a lively and outgoing girl. 她是一个活泼外向的女孩。
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