Unit 4 阅读理解专项训练 2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 以人物传记和英雄主题为载体，通过多样化语篇考查细节理解、推理判断等核心阅读能力，系统培养语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |科学家传记|4篇（杨振宁等）|事实细节题为主|按“生平-成就-影响”逻辑展开，强化信息定位能力| |社会贡献者|3篇（刘玲丽等）|推理判断题占比高|围绕“职业-行动-价值”链条，提升分析概括能力| |英雄主题|3篇（郑成功等）|主旨大意题突出|通过“个人经历-社会意义”关联，深化文化认同与思维品质|

Unit 4 阅读理解专项练习 2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册（学生版） Passage 1 Yang Zhenning, a world-famous physicist and Nobel Prize winner, passed away in Beijing on October 18,2025, at the age of 103. His life was a wonderful journey of exploring science and loving his motherland. Born in Hefei in 1922, Yang moved to Tsinghua Garden with his family when he was 7. He showed great talent in math and physics from a young age. At 13, after reading a book about the universe, he told his parents, “I want to win the Nobel Prize someday!” This “childish dream” came true when he was 35. In 1957, Yang and Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize in. Physics for their discovery that parity is not conserved in weak interactions (弱相互作用中宇称不守恒) — a finding that changed how scientists understand the world. Yang made many other great achievements. Together with Robert Mills,he developed the “Yang-Mills Gauge Theory” (杨-米尔斯规范场论) in 1954, which became one of the foundations of modern physics. Later in life, he returned to China and worked hard to promote science education. He helped set up research centers in Chinese  universities, raised money for scientific research, and invited famous scholars (学者) to teach in China. He wanted to help China become stronger in basic science. His life taught us that with passion, courage to question, and hard work, we can achieve great things. 1．What made Yang Zhenning win the Nobel Prize in Physics? A．The “Yang-Mils Gauge Theory”. B．Writing a book about the universe. C．Setting up research centers in China. D．The discovery of parity non-conservation in weak interactions. 2．What did Yang Zhenning do after returning to China? A．He continued his experiments in the US. B．He helped improve China’s basic science development. C．He won another Nobel Prize. D．He taught math in a middle school. 3．What can we learn fromYang Zhenning’s life? A．Dream big and work hard to make it come true. B．Science is only for smart people. C．It’s impossible for young people to achieve great things D．We should focus on our own interests and ignore others’opinions. Passage 2 Liu Lingli is a wonderful teacher from Hengyang, Hunan. She was born in 1973 and has worked with students who have trouble in hearing for over 30 years. When she was 14, Liu Lingli decided to study special education. In 1991, she started working at Hengyang Special Education School. She taught Chinese and was a class teacher for first-grade students with hearing problems. Later, she set up a language training class for young deaf children, helping them learn to speak. She created easy ways to help her students with pronunciation, like scene teaching and special tongue exercises. She also wrote many teaching articles, some of which won prizes. Over the years, she has helped more than 80 students with hearing loss return to the world of sound. More than thirty of them went to college, and many others found jobs as designers, teachers or bakers. Liu Lingli is not only a great teacher but also a role model. She joined the CPC in 2007. She won many honours, such as “National Excellent Communist Party Member” and “Model Worker”. In 2024, she was presented with the Touching China award. 4．What does Liu Lingli do? A．A doctor. B．A teacher. C．A farmer. D．A soldier. 5．Which of the following is one of Liu Lingli’s teaching ways? A．Game teaching. B．Group teaching. C．Online teaching. D．Scene teaching. 6．Which honour did Liu Lingli get in 2024? A．National Excellent Communist Party Member. B．The Touching China award. C．National Model Teacher. D．Model Worker. Passage 3 Charles Darwin Early Years Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him join the perfect trip for a biologist: a trip around the world to study nature. The Beagle In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory. It explained that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先). Down House At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250, 000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species. Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world. 7．Why did Darwin give up his study of medicine? A．He didn’t like seeing blood. B．He found the studies too difficult. C．His family asked him to give up. D．He was advised to study natural science. 8．Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin? A．It helped him to finish his study at the university. B．It allowed him to change his mind about his future. C．It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life. D．It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship. 9．In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life? a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836. b. He thought the public would not support his ideas. c. He became interested in studying the natural world. d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species. e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world. f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited. A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b 10．Why did the writer write the last paragraph? A．To introduce Darwin’s famous book. B．To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day. C．To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas. D．To show Darwin’s importance in natural science. Passage 4 Are you familiar with the hero’s journey? In many movies or books, a hero goes on an adventure and overcomes many difficulties along the way. In the end, the hero becomes a better person and returns home. In a recent study, scientists found that seeing your life as a hero’s journey is good for your mental health. It can make you feel more confident and satisfied with your life. How can you start imagining your life as a hero’s journey? Scientists have some tips for you. Make a List Write down your answers to these questions: What makes you who you are today? What’s your personality like and what are your values? What challenges are standing in your way? Which allies (盟友) can help you on your journey? Think about Your Favourite Characters from a Movie or Book Why do you like those characters? They may inspire you because you like their positive qualities. Keeping them in mind can help you see yourself in a more heroic way. Change the Way You Look at Problems Are you going through a difficult time? You can see your problems as challenges. Think of them as chances to develop your strength and be the hero of your own story. Go on More Heroic Adventures We sometimes grow from new experiences, so try new things in your life. It can be simple, like growing a new plant, or it can be dramatic, like borrowing a bike and riding it to school. 11．What questions should you make a list of? A．Questions about dreams. B．Questions about making friends. C．Questions about life thinking. D．Questions about travel. 12．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Heroes. B．Characters in movies. C．Difficulties on the journey. D．Positive qualities. 13．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．Everyone grows from new experiences. B．We should try new things in life. C．Adventures can be simple or dramatic. D．We should often go on a journey. 14．What’s the right structure of the text? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2…) A．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ B．①/②/③④⑤⑥ C．①/②③④/⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④⑤/⑥ Passage 5 Four Great Chinese Heroes Zheng Chenggong Zheng Chenggong was a Chinese military leader who lived in the 17th century. He is best known for driving the Dutch out of Taiwan and reclaiming it for China in 1662. He is remembered as a national hero who defended China’s territory. Lin Zexu Lin Zexu was a government official during the Qing Dynasty. In 1839, he led the campaign to ban opium in Humen, destroying thousands of chests of opium. His actions showed his strong will to protect the Chinese people from the harm of drugs. Yue Fei Yue Fei was a famous general during the Southern Song Dynasty. He was known for his loyalty to his country and his bravery in fighting against invaders. His mother tattooed “Serve the Country with Ultimate Loyalty” on his back, which became his lifelong motto. Hua Mulan Hua Mulan is a legendary woman warrior who disguised herself as a man to take her father’s place in the army. Her story has been passed down for thousands of years, showing the courage and filial piety of Chinese women. 15．Who reclaimed Taiwan from the Dutch? A．Zheng Chenggong. B．Lin Zexu. C．Yue Fei. D．Hua Mulan. 16．What did Lin Zexu do in Humen? A．He fought against the Dutch. B．He destroyed opium. C．He built a military school. D．He wrote a famous poem. 17．What was tattooed on Yue Fei’s back? A．“Serve the Country with Ultimate Loyalty”. B．“Never Give Up”. C．“Protect the People”. D．“Fight for Freedom”. 18．What is the main idea of the text? A．Four great Chinese heroes and their stories. B．The history of the Qing Dynasty. C．The importance of loyalty in China. D．How to become a hero. Passage 6 What would life be like if you were a rocker, a soccer player, a professor at Stanford University, and a Nobel Prize winner? Carolyn Bertozzi from the US lives such a cool life! Bertozzi won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Barry Sharpless (US) and Morten Meldal (Denmark) in 2022. She won the prize for studying the sugar coats of cells (细胞). She has found a smart way to connect cells by connecting their sugar coats. The cells then have a green color so that scientists can see clearly where they are and how they move. According to the University of California, Berkeley, this finding has quite a good influence on medicine. Except for doing science studies, Bertozzi has lived a vivid life. She was a keyboarder (键盘手) in a rock band. “I even used to think about making music my major (专业),” she said. She also played soccer and won a scholarship in sports from Harvard. As a female scientist, Bertozzi tries to encourage female students. She started a monthly get-together for all the women students. In 2022, Bertozzi won an award for this. Her experience made her learn a very important lesson: You don’t need to know how to succeed quickly. All you need to do is do some work every day and solve problems step by step. The way to success may finally appear. 19．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving an example. B．By telling a story. C．By asking a question. D．By giving numbers. 20．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why Bertozzi won the Nobel Prize. B．Bertozzi’s musical achievements. C．Bertozzi’s sports hobby. D．Bertozzi’s daily life. 21．The underlined word “vivid” means ________ in the passage. A．disabled B．hybrid C．harmful D．colourful 22．What can we learn from Bertozzi’s experience? A．We should learn music in our life. B．We should wait patiently and work hard. C．We should find the way to success quickly. D．We should win as many prizes as possible. Passage 7 Hua Luogeng loved studying math when he was young. However, his family was poor, so he had to drop out when he finished secondary school, and helped his parents to run the store. It didn’t stop Hua Luogeng from studying math. He always studied math while he was taking care of business. One day, a lady came to the store to buy something. Hua Luogeng lost himself in a math problem and he didn’t pay attention to the customer. When the customer asked how much she had to pay, he told her the number that he just calculated (计算). The customer gave a loud cry, “Is it that expensive?” The cry pulled him back from his math world. He found he just made a fool of himself. Then he quickly wrapped (包裹) the thing up and collected the correct money. After the customer left, Hua Luogeng wanted to continue his calculation, but his draft (草稿) paper was gone. He realized that the piece of paper he just used for wrapping was his draft paper. Hua Luogeng was so nervous and ran after the customer at once. He finally caught up with the lady. The lady was moved and returned it to him. His love for mathematics helped him to overcome many difficulties. He studied by himself, and finally he went to Tsinghua University to work as a professor (教授). He also published ten mathematical works. Hua Luogeng was a famous mathematician worldwide. He made a great contribution to the development of math in China. He was praised as “the father of modern Chinese mathematics” and “China’s Einstein”. He has influenced the Chinese a lot. 23．Why did Hua Luogeng leave school when he was young? A．Because he didn’t like studying. B．Because he had to help his parents. C．Because he had received the education. D．Because he couldn’t afford to go to school. 24．How does the text show us that Hua Luogeng loved math? A．By offering ideas. B．By asking questions. C．By giving an example. D．By listing numbers. 25．Which is the right order according to the text? a. Hua Luogeng quickly wrapped the thing up with the draft paper. b. Hua Luogeng gave all his attention to a math problem. c. The lady was moved and returned the draft paper to him. d. Hua Luogeng realized he used his draft paper to wrap up the thing. A．a-b-c-d B．b-a-d-c C．b-c-a-d D．a-c-d-b 26．What does the underlined word “overcome” mean? A．To make something come true. B．To show great interest in something. C．To succeed in dealing with something. D．To prevent something from happening. 27．What can we learn from the text? A．Success comes easy. B．One is never too old to learn. C．Behind bad luck comes good luck. D．Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. Passage 8 Different Kinds of Heroes When we talk about heroes, we often think of movie stars or superheroes. But in real life, heroes are everywhere. They are people who help others and make the world a better place. Medical heroes are one kind of heroes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, doctors and nurses worked day and night to save patients. They risked their own lives to help others. Many of them couldn’t go home to see their families for months. Firefighters are also heroes. They rush into burning buildings to save people and put out fires. They often face great danger, but they never give up. Every year, many firefighters get hurt or even lose their lives while doing their jobs. Another kind of heroes are environmental heroes. They work hard to protect the environment. For example, Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan woman, started the Green Belt Movement. She helped plant millions of trees to stop deforestation. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for her work. Ordinary people can also be heroes. If you help an old person cross the street or donate money to charity, you are a hero too. Being a hero doesn’t mean doing something big. It means doing something good for others. 28．What do people often think of when they talk about heroes? A．Doctors and nurses. B．Movie stars or superheroes. C．Firefighters. D．Environmental workers. 29．What did medical heroes do during the COVID-19 pandemic? A．They planted millions of trees. B．They rushed into burning buildings. C．They worked day and night to save patients. D．They donated money to charity. 30．Who started the Green Belt Movement? A．Wangari Maathai. B．Yuan Longping. C．A firefighter. D．A doctor. 31．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Only famous people can be heroes. B．Heroes are people who do something big. C．Environmental heroes won’t face danger. D．Ordinary people can also be heroes. 32．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Heroes are everywhere in real life. B．Movie stars are real heroes. C．How to become a firefighter. D．The story of Wangari Maathai. Passage 9 Tu Youyou: A Hero in Medicine Tu Youyou is a Chinese medical scientist. She was born in 1930. In 2015, she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She is the first Chinese woman to win this prize. Tu Youyou spent many years researching malaria. Malaria is a serious disease that kills millions of people every year. In the 1960s, she and her team started to look for a way to treat malaria. They studied hundreds of traditional Chinese medicines. After many experiments, Tu Youyou found that artemisinin, a substance from the sweet wormwood plant, could treat malaria. She tested it on herself first to make sure it was safe. Then she gave it to patients, and it worked. Artemisinin has saved millions of lives around the world. Tu Youyou didn’t stop researching even after she became famous. She continued to work on improving the treatment for malaria. She said, “I will keep doing research as long as I can.” Tu Youyou is a hero because she used her knowledge to help others. Her work shows that hard work and perseverance can make a big difference. 33．When was Tu Youyou born? A．In 1920. B．In 1930. C．In 1960. D．In 2015. 34．What did Tu Youyou win in 2015? A．The Nobel Peace Prize. B．The Nobel Prize in Literature. C．The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. D．The Nobel Prize in Physics. 35．What disease did Tu Youyou research? A．COVID-19. B．Malaria. C．Cancer. D．Flu. 36．What substance did Tu Youyou find to treat malaria? A．Artemisinin. B．Sweet wormwood. C．A new medicine. D．A traditional Chinese herb. 37．Why is Tu Youyou a hero? A．She is the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize. B．She worked hard and saved millions of lives. C．She stopped researching after becoming famous. D．She studied hundreds of plants. Passage 10 When we talk about heroes, we often think of soldiers, scientists or superheroes in films. But if we look closely, heroes live next to us.   Mrs. Zhou is 58 years old. She is not famous. After retiring from a factory, she became a volunteer in her community. Every morning, she checks on three elderly neighbours who live alone. She buys vegetables for them, reads newspapers aloud and walks with them in the garden. During last winter’s heavy snow, she spent two hours clearing the path so the old people would not fall.   Li Ming, a 15-year-old student, is another example. One afternoon, he saw a little girl crying near the lake in the park. He rode his bike around the neighbourhood, asked at the gate and finally found her mother. His teacher said, “Li Ming did not wait for an adult. He just acted.”   A hero does not need to be perfect. A hero notices what needs to be done and does it with a kind heart. Sometimes the smallest act, done bravely and willingly, is the brightest light. 38．What does Mrs. Zhou do for the elderly neighbours? A．She teaches them to read books. B．She clears snow and buys vegetables for them. C．She takes them to hospital every week. D．She writes newspapers for the community. 39．How did Li Ming help the little girl? A．By calling the police at once. B．By waiting until her mother came back. C．By riding around and helping her find her mother. D．By giving her some money and going home. 40．What do Mrs. Zhou and Li Ming have in common? A．They are both famous in their city. B．They acted kindly without waiting for others. C．They work as teachers in a school. D．They saved someone from a fire. 41．What does the writer think a real hero is? A．A person who never makes mistakes. B．A person who only does big and dangerous things. C．A person who sees a need, then acts with kindness. D．A person who wants to be on TV. 42．What is the best title for the passage? A．Famous Scientists in China B．Heroes in Films and Books C．How to Become a Soldier D．Heroes Around Us 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 阅读理解专项练习 2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册（教师版） Passage 1 Yang Zhenning, a world-famous physicist and Nobel Prize winner, passed away in Beijing on October 18,2025, at the age of 103. His life was a wonderful journey of exploring science and loving his motherland. Born in Hefei in 1922, Yang moved to Tsinghua Garden with his family when he was 7. He showed great talent in math and physics from a young age. At 13, after reading a book about the universe, he told his parents, “I want to win the Nobel Prize someday!” This “childish dream” came true when he was 35. In 1957, Yang and Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize in. Physics for their discovery that parity is not conserved in weak interactions (弱相互作用中宇称不守恒) — a finding that changed how scientists understand the world. Yang made many other great achievements. Together with Robert Mills,he developed the “Yang-Mills Gauge Theory” (杨-米尔斯规范场论) in 1954, which became one of the foundations of modern physics. Later in life, he returned to China and worked hard to promote science education. He helped set up research centers in Chinese  universities, raised money for scientific research, and invited famous scholars (学者) to teach in China. He wanted to help China become stronger in basic science. His life taught us that with passion, courage to question, and hard work, we can achieve great things. 1．What made Yang Zhenning win the Nobel Prize in Physics? A．The “Yang-Mils Gauge Theory”. B．Writing a book about the universe. C．Setting up research centers in China. D．The discovery of parity non-conservation in weak interactions. 2．What did Yang Zhenning do after returning to China? A．He continued his experiments in the US. B．He helped improve China’s basic science development. C．He won another Nobel Prize. D．He taught math in a middle school. 3．What can we learn fromYang Zhenning’s life? A．Dream big and work hard to make it come true. B．Science is only for smart people. C．It’s impossible for young people to achieve great things D．We should focus on our own interests and ignore others’opinions. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了著名物理学家杨振宁的生平事迹，包括他的科学成就、回国贡献以及给后人的人生启示。 【详解】1．根据文章第二段“In 1957, Yang and Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery that parity is not conserved in weak interactions”可推知，杨振宁因发现弱相互作用中宇称不守恒而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。 2．根据文章第三段“He wanted to help China become stronger in basic science.”可推知，他回国后致力于帮助中国基础科学的发展。 3．根据文章第三段“His life taught us that with passion, courage to question, and hard work, we can achieve great things.”可推知，我们应怀揣梦想并努力工作以实现目标。 Passage 2 Liu Lingli is a wonderful teacher from Hengyang, Hunan. She was born in 1973 and has worked with students who have trouble in hearing for over 30 years. When she was 14, Liu Lingli decided to study special education. In 1991, she started working at Hengyang Special Education School. She taught Chinese and was a class teacher for first-grade students with hearing problems. Later, she set up a language training class for young deaf children, helping them learn to speak. She created easy ways to help her students with pronunciation, like scene teaching and special tongue exercises. She also wrote many teaching articles, some of which won prizes. Over the years, she has helped more than 80 students with hearing loss return to the world of sound. More than thirty of them went to college, and many others found jobs as designers, teachers or bakers. Liu Lingli is not only a great teacher but also a role model. She joined the CPC in 2007. She won many honours, such as “National Excellent Communist Party Member” and “Model Worker”. In 2024, she was presented with the Touching China award. 4．What does Liu Lingli do? A．A doctor. B．A teacher. C．A farmer. D．A soldier. 5．Which of the following is one of Liu Lingli’s teaching ways? A．Game teaching. B．Group teaching. C．Online teaching. D．Scene teaching. 6．Which honour did Liu Lingli get in 2024? A．National Excellent Communist Party Member. B．The Touching China award. C．National Model Teacher. D．Model Worker. 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．B 【导语】本文介绍了来自湖南衡阳的特殊教育教师刘玲丽的相关事迹，她从事听障学生教育工作三十余年，创新教学方法帮助众多听障儿童回归有声世界、升学就业，同时她也获得了多项国家级荣誉，2024年获评感动中国人物。 【详解】4．根据原文第一段第一句“Liu Lingli is a wonderful teacher from Hengyang, Hunan”，可直接明确刘玲丽的职业是教师。 5．根据原文第二段“She created easy ways to help her students with pronunciation, like scene teaching and special tongue exercises”，可知情景教学是她采用的教学方法之一，游戏教学、小组教学、线上教学均未在文中提及。 6．根据原文第三段最后一句“In 2024, she was presented with the Touching China award”，可直接对应得出她2024年获得的荣誉是感动中国奖项。 Passage 3 Charles Darwin Early Years Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him join the perfect trip for a biologist: a trip around the world to study nature. The Beagle In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory. It explained that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先). Down House At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250, 000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species. Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world. 7．Why did Darwin give up his study of medicine? A．He didn’t like seeing blood. B．He found the studies too difficult. C．His family asked him to give up. D．He was advised to study natural science. 8．Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin? A．It helped him to finish his study at the university. B．It allowed him to change his mind about his future. C．It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life. D．It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship. 9．In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life? a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836. b. He thought the public would not support his ideas. c. He became interested in studying the natural world. d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species. e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world. f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited. A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b 10．Why did the writer write the last paragraph? A．To introduce Darwin’s famous book. B．To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day. C．To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas. D．To show Darwin’s importance in natural science. 【答案】7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了查尔斯·达尔文的早年求学经历、贝格尔号环球航行的研究历程、唐屋时期的理论构建与《物种起源》的出版背景，以及达尔文理论的后世影响和达尔文日的相关内容，展现了达尔文对自然科学的重要贡献。 【详解】7．根据文章Early Years段“However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor.”，达尔文放弃学医是因为他讨厌看到血。 8．根据文章The Beagle段“While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory. It explained that all living things had a common ancestor.”，贝格尔号旅行中的观察与研究为达尔文提出生物进化论提供了基础，让他产生了关于生命起源的相关思路。 9．梳理达尔文的人生事件先后顺序：根据原文“He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals.”，对应①他在剑桥大学求学时对研究自然世界产生兴趣（c），根据原文“one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him join the perfect trip for a biologist: a trip around the world to study nature.”，对应②他得到大学老师的帮助，获得环球旅行的名额（e），根据原文“While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited.”，对应③旅行期间他研究到访岛屿的动植物（f），根据1831年出发、航行五年的时间线及原文“When he finally arrived back in Britain”，对应④1836年他返回英国（a），根据原文“He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry.”，对应⑤他认为公众不会支持他的理论（b），根据原文“Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species.”。对应⑥他出版了著名书籍《物种起源》（d），正确顺序为c→e→f→a→b→d。 10．最后一段指出“Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world.”，作者通过介绍达尔文理论的认可度和达尔文日的设立，体现达尔文在自然科学领域的重要地位。 Passage 4 Are you familiar with the hero’s journey? In many movies or books, a hero goes on an adventure and overcomes many difficulties along the way. In the end, the hero becomes a better person and returns home. In a recent study, scientists found that seeing your life as a hero’s journey is good for your mental health. It can make you feel more confident and satisfied with your life. How can you start imagining your life as a hero’s journey? Scientists have some tips for you. Make a List Write down your answers to these questions: What makes you who you are today? What’s your personality like and what are your values? What challenges are standing in your way? Which allies (盟友) can help you on your journey? Think about Your Favourite Characters from a Movie or Book Why do you like those characters? They may inspire you because you like their positive qualities. Keeping them in mind can help you see yourself in a more heroic way. Change the Way You Look at Problems Are you going through a difficult time? You can see your problems as challenges. Think of them as chances to develop your strength and be the hero of your own story. Go on More Heroic Adventures We sometimes grow from new experiences, so try new things in your life. It can be simple, like growing a new plant, or it can be dramatic, like borrowing a bike and riding it to school. 11．What questions should you make a list of? A．Questions about dreams. B．Questions about making friends. C．Questions about life thinking. D．Questions about travel. 12．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Heroes. B．Characters in movies. C．Difficulties on the journey. D．Positive qualities. 13．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．Everyone grows from new experiences. B．We should try new things in life. C．Adventures can be simple or dramatic. D．We should often go on a journey. 14．What’s the right structure of the text? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2…) A．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ B．①/②/③④⑤⑥ C．①/②③④/⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④⑤/⑥ 【答案】11．C 12．B 13．B 14．B 【导语】本文介绍“英雄之旅”的概念，说明把人生看作英雄之旅有益心理健康，并给出四条实操建议。 【详解】11．第三段列出的问题“What makes you who you are today? What’s your personality like and what are your values? What challenges are standing in your way? Which allies can help you on your journey?”是围绕自我、性格价值观、挑战、盟友，属于对人生的思考。 12．第四段提到“Think about Your Favourite Characters from a Movie or Book. Why do you like those characters? … Keeping them in mind”，此处“them”指代前文提到的those characters。 13．最后一段主旨句是“so try new things in your life”，即本段核心建议是生活中要尝试新事物。 14．第①段介绍hero’s journey，引入英雄之旅概念；第②段讲研究发现，引出科学家的几条建议；第③④⑤⑥段分述4条建议。整体结构为①/②/③④⑤⑥。 Passage 5 Four Great Chinese Heroes Zheng Chenggong Zheng Chenggong was a Chinese military leader who lived in the 17th century. He is best known for driving the Dutch out of Taiwan and reclaiming it for China in 1662. He is remembered as a national hero who defended China’s territory. Lin Zexu Lin Zexu was a government official during the Qing Dynasty. In 1839, he led the campaign to ban opium in Humen, destroying thousands of chests of opium. His actions showed his strong will to protect the Chinese people from the harm of drugs. Yue Fei Yue Fei was a famous general during the Southern Song Dynasty. He was known for his loyalty to his country and his bravery in fighting against invaders. His mother tattooed “Serve the Country with Ultimate Loyalty” on his back, which became his lifelong motto. Hua Mulan Hua Mulan is a legendary woman warrior who disguised herself as a man to take her father’s place in the army. Her story has been passed down for thousands of years, showing the courage and filial piety of Chinese women. 15．Who reclaimed Taiwan from the Dutch? A．Zheng Chenggong. B．Lin Zexu. C．Yue Fei. D．Hua Mulan. 16．What did Lin Zexu do in Humen? A．He fought against the Dutch. B．He destroyed opium. C．He built a military school. D．He wrote a famous poem. 17．What was tattooed on Yue Fei’s back? A．“Serve the Country with Ultimate Loyalty”. B．“Never Give Up”. C．“Protect the People”. D．“Fight for Freedom”. 18．What is the main idea of the text? A．Four great Chinese heroes and their stories. B．The history of the Qing Dynasty. C．The importance of loyalty in China. D．How to become a hero. 【答案】15．A 16．B 17．A 18．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍四位中国伟大英雄以及他们的事迹，分别讲述郑成功、林则徐、岳飞、花木兰的生平与主要贡献。 【详解】15．文中第一段指出：“He is best known for driving the Dutch out of Taiwan and reclaiming it for China in 1662.”，由此可知郑成功从荷兰人手中收复台湾。 16．文中第二段指出：“In 1839, he led the campaign to ban opium in Humen, destroying thousands of chests of opium.”，由此可知林则徐在虎门销毁鸦片。 17．文中第三段指出：“His mother tattooed ‘Serve the Country with Ultimate Loyalty’ on his back, which became his lifelong motto.”，由此可知岳飞背上刺着 “精忠报国”。 18．通读全文，文章分别介绍郑成功、林则徐、岳飞、花木兰四位英雄人物以及各自的故事，因此本文主旨是四位伟大的中国英雄及其故事。 Passage 6 What would life be like if you were a rocker, a soccer player, a professor at Stanford University, and a Nobel Prize winner? Carolyn Bertozzi from the US lives such a cool life! Bertozzi won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Barry Sharpless (US) and Morten Meldal (Denmark) in 2022. She won the prize for studying the sugar coats of cells (细胞). She has found a smart way to connect cells by connecting their sugar coats. The cells then have a green color so that scientists can see clearly where they are and how they move. According to the University of California, Berkeley, this finding has quite a good influence on medicine. Except for doing science studies, Bertozzi has lived a vivid life. She was a keyboarder (键盘手) in a rock band. “I even used to think about making music my major (专业),” she said. She also played soccer and won a scholarship in sports from Harvard. As a female scientist, Bertozzi tries to encourage female students. She started a monthly get-together for all the women students. In 2022, Bertozzi won an award for this. Her experience made her learn a very important lesson: You don’t need to know how to succeed quickly. All you need to do is do some work every day and solve problems step by step. The way to success may finally appear. 19．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving an example. B．By telling a story. C．By asking a question. D．By giving numbers. 20．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why Bertozzi won the Nobel Prize. B．Bertozzi’s musical achievements. C．Bertozzi’s sports hobby. D．Bertozzi’s daily life. 21．The underlined word “vivid” means ________ in the passage. A．disabled B．hybrid C．harmful D．colourful 22．What can we learn from Bertozzi’s experience? A．We should learn music in our life. B．We should wait patiently and work hard. C．We should find the way to success quickly. D．We should win as many prizes as possible. 【答案】19．C 20．A 21．D 22．B 【导语】本文介绍了诺贝尔化学奖得主Carolyn Bertozzi丰富多彩的人生，讲述了她的科研成就、音乐与体育爱好，以及她鼓励女性学子、慢慢坚持终获成功的人生感悟。 【详解】19．根据原文第一句“What would life be like if you were a rocker, a soccer player, a professor at Stanford University, and the Nobel Prize winner?”，可知作者以提问的方式开启文章。 20．根据第二段的内容可知，第二段主要介绍Bertozzi获得诺贝尔奖的原因以及她的科研发现。 21．根据“She was a keyboarder (键盘手) in a rock band”以及前文提到她既是科学家，又是乐队键盘手、足球运动员，可见她的生活丰富多样，故vivid意为“丰富多彩的”，和colourful意义相近。 22．根据原文最后一段“All you need to do is to do some work every day and solve problems step by step.”，可知我们能学到要耐心等待、坚持努力。 Passage 7 Hua Luogeng loved studying math when he was young. However, his family was poor, so he had to drop out when he finished secondary school, and helped his parents to run the store. It didn’t stop Hua Luogeng from studying math. He always studied math while he was taking care of business. One day, a lady came to the store to buy something. Hua Luogeng lost himself in a math problem and he didn’t pay attention to the customer. When the customer asked how much she had to pay, he told her the number that he just calculated (计算). The customer gave a loud cry, “Is it that expensive?” The cry pulled him back from his math world. He found he just made a fool of himself. Then he quickly wrapped (包裹) the thing up and collected the correct money. After the customer left, Hua Luogeng wanted to continue his calculation, but his draft (草稿) paper was gone. He realized that the piece of paper he just used for wrapping was his draft paper. Hua Luogeng was so nervous and ran after the customer at once. He finally caught up with the lady. The lady was moved and returned it to him. His love for mathematics helped him to overcome many difficulties. He studied by himself, and finally he went to Tsinghua University to work as a professor (教授). He also published ten mathematical works. Hua Luogeng was a famous mathematician worldwide. He made a great contribution to the development of math in China. He was praised as “the father of modern Chinese mathematics” and “China’s Einstein”. He has influenced the Chinese a lot. 23．Why did Hua Luogeng leave school when he was young? A．Because he didn’t like studying. B．Because he had to help his parents. C．Because he had received the education. D．Because he couldn’t afford to go to school. 24．How does the text show us that Hua Luogeng loved math? A．By offering ideas. B．By asking questions. C．By giving an example. D．By listing numbers. 25．Which is the right order according to the text? a. Hua Luogeng quickly wrapped the thing up with the draft paper. b. Hua Luogeng gave all his attention to a math problem. c. The lady was moved and returned the draft paper to him. d. Hua Luogeng realized he used his draft paper to wrap up the thing. A．a-b-c-d B．b-a-d-c C．b-c-a-d D．a-c-d-b 26．What does the underlined word “overcome” mean? A．To make something come true. B．To show great interest in something. C．To succeed in dealing with something. D．To prevent something from happening. 27．What can we learn from the text? A．Success comes easy. B．One is never too old to learn. C．Behind bad luck comes good luck. D．Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. 【答案】23．D 24．C 25．B 26．C 27．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了华罗庚年轻时因家贫辍学但坚持自学数学，通过具体事例展现他对数学的热爱，最终克服困难成为著名数学家的故事。 【详解】23．第一段第2句“However, his family was poor, so he had to drop out when he finished secondary school, and helped his parents to run the store.”，说明华罗庚年少辍学的原因是家里贫穷，负担不起上学。 24．第三段到第六段，文中讲述华罗庚看店时沉浸数学题，错把演算数字报给顾客，还拿草稿纸包裹商品这件具体事例，以此体现他深爱数学。 25．第三段第2句“Hua Luogeng lost himself in a math problem and he didn’t pay attention to the customer.”对应b“Hua Luogeng gave all his attention to a math problem.”； 第五段第3句“Then he quickly wrapped the thing up and collected the correct money.”对应a“Hua Luogeng quickly wrapped the thing up with the draft paper.”； 第六段第2句“He realized that the piece of paper he just used for wrapping was his draft paper.”对应d“Hua Luogeng realized he used his draft paper to wrap up the thing.”； 第六段第5句“The lady was moved and returned it to him.”对应c“The lady was moved and returned the draft paper to him.”。 事件顺序：b‑a‑d‑c。 26．第七段第1句“His love for mathematics helped him to overcome many difficulties.”提到对数学的热爱帮助他克服许多困难。overcome意为“成功应对、处理困难”。 27．通读全文，文章主要讲述华罗庚凭借对数学的热爱和坚持，克服贫困等困难最终取得成功的故事，告诉我们只要有决心，没有什么是不可能的。 Passage 8 Different Kinds of Heroes When we talk about heroes, we often think of movie stars or superheroes. But in real life, heroes are everywhere. They are people who help others and make the world a better place. Medical heroes are one kind of heroes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, doctors and nurses worked day and night to save patients. They risked their own lives to help others. Many of them couldn’t go home to see their families for months. Firefighters are also heroes. They rush into burning buildings to save people and put out fires. They often face great danger, but they never give up. Every year, many firefighters get hurt or even lose their lives while doing their jobs. Another kind of heroes are environmental heroes. They work hard to protect the environment. For example, Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan woman, started the Green Belt Movement. She helped plant millions of trees to stop deforestation. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for her work. Ordinary people can also be heroes. If you help an old person cross the street or donate money to charity, you are a hero too. Being a hero doesn’t mean doing something big. It means doing something good for others. 28．What do people often think of when they talk about heroes? A．Doctors and nurses. B．Movie stars or superheroes. C．Firefighters. D．Environmental workers. 29．What did medical heroes do during the COVID-19 pandemic? A．They planted millions of trees. B．They rushed into burning buildings. C．They worked day and night to save patients. D．They donated money to charity. 30．Who started the Green Belt Movement? A．Wangari Maathai. B．Yuan Longping. C．A firefighter. D．A doctor. 31．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Only famous people can be heroes. B．Heroes are people who do something big. C．Environmental heroes won’t face danger. D．Ordinary people can also be heroes. 32．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Heroes are everywhere in real life. B．Movie stars are real heroes. C．How to become a firefighter. D．The story of Wangari Maathai. 【答案】28．B 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现实生活中不同类型的英雄，包括医疗英雄、消防英雄、环保英雄，同时提出普通人也可以成为英雄。 【详解】28．根据第一段第一句“When we talk about heroes, we often think of movie stars or superheroes.”可知，人们谈论英雄时常常想到电影明星或者超级英雄。 29．根据第二段第二句“During the COVID‑19 pandemic, doctors and nurses worked day and night to save patients.”可知，疫情期间医疗英雄夜以继日抢救病人。 30．根据第四段第三句“For example, Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan woman, started the Green Belt Movement.”可知，Wangari Maathai发起了绿带运动。 31．根据第五段第一句“Ordinary people can also be heroes.”可知，普通人也可以成为英雄，D选项表述正确。 32．文章开篇点明“But in real life, heroes are everywhere.”，后文列举各类英雄展开说明，全文主旨是现实生活中英雄无处不在。 Passage 9 Tu Youyou: A Hero in Medicine Tu Youyou is a Chinese medical scientist. She was born in 1930. In 2015, she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She is the first Chinese woman to win this prize. Tu Youyou spent many years researching malaria. Malaria is a serious disease that kills millions of people every year. In the 1960s, she and her team started to look for a way to treat malaria. They studied hundreds of traditional Chinese medicines. After many experiments, Tu Youyou found that artemisinin, a substance from the sweet wormwood plant, could treat malaria. She tested it on herself first to make sure it was safe. Then she gave it to patients, and it worked. Artemisinin has saved millions of lives around the world. Tu Youyou didn’t stop researching even after she became famous. She continued to work on improving the treatment for malaria. She said, “I will keep doing research as long as I can.” Tu Youyou is a hero because she used her knowledge to help others. Her work shows that hard work and perseverance can make a big difference. 33．When was Tu Youyou born? A．In 1920. B．In 1930. C．In 1960. D．In 2015. 34．What did Tu Youyou win in 2015? A．The Nobel Peace Prize. B．The Nobel Prize in Literature. C．The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. D．The Nobel Prize in Physics. 35．What disease did Tu Youyou research? A．COVID-19. B．Malaria. C．Cancer. D．Flu. 36．What substance did Tu Youyou find to treat malaria? A．Artemisinin. B．Sweet wormwood. C．A new medicine. D．A traditional Chinese herb. 37．Why is Tu Youyou a hero? A．She is the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize. B．She worked hard and saved millions of lives. C．She stopped researching after becoming famous. D．She studied hundreds of plants. 【答案】33．B 34．C 35．B 36．A 37．B 【导语】本文是一篇人物记叙文，介绍了医药科学家屠呦呦的生平，讲述她研究疟疾、发现青蒿素，拯救全球无数生命，诠释努力与坚持的价值。 【详解】33．文章第一段提到“She was born in 1930.”，可知屠呦呦出生于1930年。 34．文章第一段提到“In 2015, she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.”，2015年她获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 35．文章第二段提到“Tu Youyou spent many years researching malaria.”，屠呦呦多年研究的疾病是疟疾。 36．文章第三段提到“Tu Youyou found that artemisinin, a substance from the sweet wormwood plant, could treat malaria.”，她发现青蒿素这种物质可以治疗疟疾。 37．文章最后一段“Tu Youyou is a hero because she used her knowledge to help others.”，结合全文，她刻苦研究，青蒿素拯救了数百万人的生命，这是她被称作英雄的原因。 Passage 10 When we talk about heroes, we often think of soldiers, scientists or superheroes in films. But if we look closely, heroes live next to us.   Mrs. Zhou is 58 years old. She is not famous. After retiring from a factory, she became a volunteer in her community. Every morning, she checks on three elderly neighbours who live alone. She buys vegetables for them, reads newspapers aloud and walks with them in the garden. During last winter’s heavy snow, she spent two hours clearing the path so the old people would not fall.   Li Ming, a 15-year-old student, is another example. One afternoon, he saw a little girl crying near the lake in the park. He rode his bike around the neighbourhood, asked at the gate and finally found her mother. His teacher said, “Li Ming did not wait for an adult. He just acted.”   A hero does not need to be perfect. A hero notices what needs to be done and does it with a kind heart. Sometimes the smallest act, done bravely and willingly, is the brightest light. 38．What does Mrs. Zhou do for the elderly neighbours? A．She teaches them to read books. B．She clears snow and buys vegetables for them. C．She takes them to hospital every week. D．She writes newspapers for the community. 39．How did Li Ming help the little girl? A．By calling the police at once. B．By waiting until her mother came back. C．By riding around and helping her find her mother. D．By giving her some money and going home. 40．What do Mrs. Zhou and Li Ming have in common? A．They are both famous in their city. B．They acted kindly without waiting for others. C．They work as teachers in a school. D．They saved someone from a fire. 41．What does the writer think a real hero is? A．A person who never makes mistakes. B．A person who only does big and dangerous things. C．A person who sees a need, then acts with kindness. D．A person who wants to be on TV. 42．What is the best title for the passage? A．Famous Scientists in China B．Heroes in Films and Books C．How to Become a Soldier D．Heroes Around Us 【答案】38．B 39．C 40．B 41．C 42．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了我们身边的两位平民英雄周女士和李明的事迹，告诉我们平凡人心怀善意、主动行动也可以成为英雄。 【详解】38．原文第二段写到“She buys vegetables for them, reads newspapers aloud and walks with them in the garden. During last winter’s heavy snow, she spent two hours clearing the path so the old people would not fall.”，由此可知周阿姨会为老人买菜、清扫积雪。 39．原文第三段表述“He rode his bike around the neighbourhood, asked at the gate and finally found her mother.”，说明李明骑着车四处奔走，帮小女孩找到妈妈。 40．文中周阿姨主动照料独居老人，李明不等大人到场就主动帮助小女孩，第三段老师评价“Li Ming did not wait for an adult. He just acted.”，两人共同点是心怀善意、主动行动。 41．原文最后一段写道“A hero does not need to be perfect. A hero notices what needs to be done and does it with a kind heart.”，说明真正的英雄是看到需要帮助的地方，心怀善意付诸行动的人。 42．原文第一段“But if we look closely, heroes live next to us.”，全文围绕普通人、身边的英雄展开，最佳标题为Heroes Around Us。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $