Unit 6-8 重点知识 2026-2027学年冀教版八年级英语 下册

冀教版 八年级英语 重点知识精编（下册 Units 6–8） Unit 6　文学与故事（Literature & Stories） 一、时态：现在完成时 1、结构：have / has done（by sb.） 2、含义：（1）过去动作，对现在造成影响——例句 I've lost my key. （2）过去开始、持续到现在——例句 I have lived here for 3 years. （3）到目前为止的经历——例句 Have you ever been to Beijing? （4）刚刚完成——例句 I have just eaten. 3、时间状语：（1）介词短语：in the last few years（在过去的几年里）；throughout the years；since 1994；for + 时间段（表动作持续） （2）副词：already（肯定句，动作提前完成）；yet（否定/疑问，放句末）；never（从过去到现在从未）；ever（疑问句，是否曾）；still（肯定/疑问/否定，动作仍在进行）；just（肯定句，刚刚完成） 4、短语：so far 到目前为止 补充辨析：have gone to（去了，人未回）；have been to（去过，人已回） 二、语态：被动语态 1、一般现在时被动：am / is / are done——原句 The garden is covered with snow. 2、一般过去时被动：was / were done——原句 The axe was lost. 3、判断方法：（1）句中没有动作执行者，只陈述事实；（2）主语是物且不能主动发出动作；（3）出现标志 be + done；by + 人/物。 总结：主语是物、动作被动、不知执行者、看到 by，优先考虑被动语态。 三、非谓语动词 1、doing 现在分词作状语：主句与从句逻辑主语必须一致——例句 ...teaching us the importance of honesty. 2、现在分词作定语（singing birds）；固定搭配 have fun / have trouble / be busy / have difficulty / have a hard time (in) doing doing 现在分词作表语——原句 It was challenging. 3、done 过去分词作后置定语——例句 a poem called Thoughts on a Tranquil Night. done 过去分词作比较状语——例句 Compared to that, a thousand is a lot. 四、句法 1、宾语从句：引导词 that（无词义，可省）、what、why、how、when、where、if、whether（or not）。详细解析可参见八上第二单元重点知识。 2、目的状语从句：so that / in order that + 从句（常搭配情态动词）；或 to do 不定式。例句 We got up early so that we could catch the bus. / to catch the bus. 结果状语从句：so + 形/副原级 + that；such + 名词短语 + that。例句 It was so cold that the river froze. / It was such a cold day that the river froze. 3、定语从句：修饰名词/代词，相当于句子版形容词。原句 Is this axe (that / which / 不填) you lost? 五、高频短语 so far 迄今为止；be rich in… 富含；hear of 听说；make a living 谋生；feel sorry for 为……遗憾；once again 又一次；once upon a time 很久以前；be filled with 充满；get mad 生气；in a deep voice 用低沉的声音；run away 逃跑；put up 张贴；turn into 变成（turn to 意为"求助于"）；be covered with 被……覆盖；keep away 不接近；at last 最终；at first 最初 六、Unit 6 Lesson 1 核心词汇 名词变形：fairy—fairies（童话，复）；moral—morals（品德、寓意）；favourite(adj.)—favourites（喜欢的事物）—favour(v.喜爱）；discovery—discoveries—discover(v.)；poem(s)诗—poet(s)诗人—poetry(n.诗歌，总称)；inspiration(灵感)—inspire(v.激发)—inspiring(鼓舞人心的)—inspired(得到灵感的)。搭配：inspire sb. to do sth.；inspire sb. with sth.；be inspired by 动词：discuss—discussion；explore(v.考察)—exploration(n.)；finish doing sth.；continue to do（继续做另一件事）/ continue doing（继续做同一件事）；remember/forget to do（未做）/ doing（已做） 形容词、副词：fascinating—fascinate(v.使着迷)；interesting—interest(v./n.)；amazing—amaze(v.)；meaningful—meaning—mean(v.意思是)；so far / just 用于现在完成时；be familiar with（熟悉某物）/ be familiar to（为某人所熟悉） 七、Unit 6 Lesson 2 核心词汇 名词：honesty(n.诚实)—honest(adj.)；an honest boy；policy(n.准则)—political(adj.政治的)〔politic 作"精明的"极罕见，一般用 political〕；living(n.生活、生计)—live(v.)—alive(活着的)—lively(活泼的)；silver(n.)—silvery(adj.银色的)；present(n.礼物；adj.当前的)—present(v.展现)—presentation(n.) 动词：shake—shook—shaken（摇晃）；cut—cut—cut；cutter；cutting 形容词、副词：deep(adj./adv.)—deeply(adv.深刻地)；golden(黄金的)—gold；a third / a second time；true—truth（真相）—truly（副词）〔注：trust 信任 与 true/truth 形近但不同源，勿混〕 连词：what 引导宾语从句（用陈述语序）——She asked the man what was wrong. 八、Unit 6 Lesson 3 核心词汇 名词：musician—music—musical(adj.音乐的)；child—children—children's 动词：frighten(v.使惊吓)—fright(n.)—frightening(令人恐惧的)—frightened(受惊吓的)；dare（敢于，情态动词，后接原形）Dare you go alone? / Yes, I dare. / No, I daren't.；freeze—froze—frozen(adj.结冰的)；表变化系动词：get、become、turn、grow、go + 形容词 形容词、副词：singing birds（现在分词作定语）；immediately—immediate(立刻的)；awake(醒着的，表语)；once（once upon a time 很久以前，多用于一般过去时）；still（可用于一般过去时、现在完成时） 辨析 live / alive / living〔补充〕：alive 只作表语或后置定语（the man alive），不作前置定语；live 作前置定语，表"活的、现场直播的"（a live show）；living 可作前置定语（living things 生物）或表语。三者都表"活"，用法位置不同。 介词：through（穿过）——go through；come through；look through 连词：why 引导宾语从句（陈述语序）——I don't understand why spring is so late... 九、Unit 6 Lesson 4 核心词汇 名词：feel—feeling(s)；thought—thoughts—think（think—thought—thought）；homesickness(n.)—homesick(adj.想家的) 动词：change—changeable(可改变的)〔注：exchange 交换 与 change 形近但非同源，勿混〕；express(v.)—expression(n.)；enjoy—enjoyment(n.快乐)—enjoyable(adj.令人愉快的)；encourage(v.)—encouragement(n.鼓励)—encouraging(adj.)；courage(n.勇气)；try to do（努力做）/ try doing（尝试做）；be drowned in 沉浸在……中〔原笔记漏 in，已补〕；be challenging 有挑战的 形容词、副词：different—difference；creative—create(v.)—creation(n.)；strong—strength(n.) 十、Unit 6 Lesson 5 核心词汇 动词：decide—decision（make a decision）；spend some time on / (in doing) sth. 名词：law（法律）—lawyer（律师）；tear：n.眼泪（in tears；shed tears）/ v.撕开（tear up；tear sth. into pieces） 短语：in the living room；give sth. away to sb.（把某物分送给某人）；be paid to sb.（被支付给某人） 形容词、副词：final—finally；careless—carelessly—careful—carefully（care）；happily—happy 连词：as + 主语 + 副词（方式状语从句）；not … until …（直到……才）。原句 I couldn't see it until you told me... Unit 7　货币与理财（Money, Currency & Finance） 一、时态（简略版） 1、一般现在时：客观事实、真理、习惯、现状。原句 We use credit cards... / Money is a medium of exchange. 2、一般过去时：过去动作或状态，历史类文本核心。原句 Ma Xu joined the PLA in 1947. / Paper money was first used during the Song Dynasty. 3、一般将来时：预测、计划。原句 What will currency be like in the future? 二、语态：一般过去时被动语态（历史事件高频） 1、结构：was / were done。原句 Paper money was first used... / Some ancient money was in the shape of a knife. 2、总结：不知动作执行者、强调承受者（物），多用一般过去时被动。 三、非谓语动词（总结版） 1、不定式 to do：作宾语、目的状语、主语。例句 She decided to donate... / It's important to manage money wisely. 2、动名词：作介词宾语、主语。例句 Thank you for inviting me. / Visiting a museum is a great way to learn. 3、分词（doing / done）：作状语、定语。例句 Seeing Mary's excitement... / Disappointed, Emma... / a singing bird / a printed book 四、句法：定语从句 结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句；关系词 that、which、who、when、where、why、whom、whose、as 1、that 先行词可人可物：（1）作主语不可省——The man that helped me is a doctor.；（2）作宾语可省——Money is something (that) we use. 2、which 只指物：（1）作主语不可省——The coin which is old is from Qin Dynasty.；（2）作宾语可省——The book (which) I bought is interesting. 3、只用 that：不定代词（all, much, little, everything, something, nothing, anything）；最高级/序数词修饰（best, most, first, last）；the only / the very 修饰；既有人又有物。例句 It's the best book that I've read. / the writer and his books that interested me. 4、只用 which：介词后（the pen with which I write）；非限制性定语从句（The book, which is red, is mine.） 五、高频短语 start with 从……开始；in the shape of… 以……形状；later on 后来；be made up of… 由……组成；trade…for… 以……换得；be grateful for… 因……而感激 六、Unit 7 Lesson 1 核心词汇 名词：collection—collect；currency—current(adj.流通的、当前的)；visit(v./n.拜访、参观)；payment—pay（支付） 动词：invite—invitation；use 搭配 use sth. to do；be used to do（被用来做）/ used to do（过去常常）；introduce—introduction；agree—disagree(with)—agreement / disagreement；make 搭配 be made from（由……制成，看不出原料）/ be made of（由……制成，看出原料）/ be made up of（由……组成）/ be made in（某地制作）〔补充：from/of 区别在于能否看出原材料〕；believe—belief(n.)；believe in（信赖）；prefer 搭配 prefer to do / prefer doing to doing（比起……更喜欢……） 形容词、副词：valuable（有价值的）—value（价值）；indeed（确实） 七、Unit 7 Lesson 2 核心词汇 名词：savings—save(v.)；donation—donate；earnings—earn；paratroop—paratrooper（伞兵）；prescription—prescribe（开药）；teenager—teenage（十多岁的）；happiness—happy；achievement—achieve（实现、取得）；choice—choose；transfer(n.转移、调动；v.移交、调动) 动词：realise—realization（实现、意识到）；publish papers；decide—decision 形容词、副词：scientific—science—scientist；traditional—tradition；medical（医学的）—medicine（药）；simple—simply 介词：according to（根据）；at age 86（at 指小节点）；by donating 10 million yuan；in the lives of others（in 指一段时间/空间范围） 八、Unit 7 Lesson 3 核心词汇 名词：goods and services（商品和服务）；exchange(v./n.交换)；difference—different 动词：imagine—imagination；achieve—achievement；make a positive difference；allow sb. to do / be allowed to do 形容词、副词：wisely—wise；responsibly—responsible；grateful—gratefully—ungrateful（忘恩负义的）；difficult—difficulty；important—importance 介词：with（带着）；within（在……范围内/不超过）；without（没有）；in exchange for（作为交换）；like（比如）；get through the work（完成工作） 九、Unit 7 Lesson 4 核心词汇 名词：sale—sell；consideration—consider；be considered（被认为……）；decision—decide；performance—perform；spending（开支）—spend；needs and wants（需求与欲望）；the reason for (doing) sth. 动词：hear of / about；remind sb. that‑从句；explain—explanation；desire(v./n.想要、欲望)；require—required（被要求的）；focus—stay focused；tempt—get tempted；follow—the following；prevent sb. from doing 形容词、副词：disappointed（失望的）—disappoint—disappointing（令人失望的）〔补充 disappointing〕；usable—use；curious—curiously 介词与多义动词：on the one hand… on the other hand；be 20% off（打八折）；run 多义：运行 / 经营 / 变成 / run out 用完 十、Unit 7 Lesson 5 核心词汇 名词：violinist—violin；excitement—excite；requirement(s)—require；the amount of…（不可数名词的数量）〔对比：the number of 接可数名词〕；sweets（糖果） 动词：run off（跑开）；pay for；offer sb. sth.（= offer sth. to sb.）；discuss—discussion；refer to（提及）；to be left over（被剩余） 形容词、副词：strong‑willed（意志坚强）；happy—happily；successful—successfully—succeed（成功、继承）；reasonable—reason；possibly—possible 介词短语：at one's grandparents' house；for a big family meal；within a year（一年以内） Unit 8　灾害与安全（Disasters & Safety） 一、时态 1、一般将来时：用于防灾建议、预判后果。should 表忠告 We / You should do sth.。原句 We will stay away from dangerous objects. 2、一般现在时：客观常识、灾害自然现象。原句 An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the ground. 二、语态 1、一般现在时被动：am / is / are done——原句 Water is considered harmful. 2、一般过去时被动：was / were done——原句 The power plant was rocked by explosions. 三、非谓语动词（现在分词作定语、状语） 1、作定语：falling objects；moving ground；damaged objects；trapped people 2、作状语（伴随、原因）：Seeing wildfire nearby, we should leave quickly. / Disappointed, Emma thought for a moment.（Unit 7） 四、句法：if 引导的条件状语从句 1、核心规则：主将从现。（1）if 从句：一般现在时；（2）主句：一般将来时 / 情态动词（should/can/must）/ 祈使句。原句 If a wildfire happens, we will leave quickly. / If an earthquake comes, we should stay calm. / If there is flood, go to higher ground. 2、特殊情况：客观真理、客观条件，主从全用一般现在时。If the weather is dry, wildfire happens easily. 五、高频短语 pull over 靠边停车；cool down 冷却；plenty of（大量，可修饰可数/不可数）；reach up to 高达；keep an eye out 密切注意；amounts of（大量，修饰不可数）；bring down 使崩溃；fight against 与……作斗争；less than 少于；half an hour 半小时；deal with 处理；take action 采取行动 六、Unit 8 Lesson 1 核心词汇 名词：disaster(s)、earthquake(s)、typhoon(s)、flood(s)、wildfire(s)；waters（水域）；drought(s)—dry（干旱）；advice（建议，不可数）—advise(v.)；advise sb. to do / advise doing；some advice；a piece of advice 动词：prepare—preparation；avoid doing；breathe—breath(n.呼吸)；discuss—discussion 形容词、副词：natural—nature；powerful—power；dangerous—danger；help—helpful；final—finally；absolute—absolutely；indoor(adj.)—indoors(adv.)；outdoor—outdoors 介词 for / to 区别：to 表方向；for 表原因（为了、因为），for 后接宾语是谓语的受益方 七、Unit 8 Lesson 2 核心词汇 名词：warning(n.警示)—warn；survival—survive；arrival—arrive；lift(n.搭车、电梯；v.举起)；situation(情况)—situate(v.使处于) 动词：improve—improvement；occur(v.发生) to sb.（想法浮现在脑海，正式）/ happen to sb.（口语）；shake—shook—shaken（过去分词，原笔记漏 shaken，已补）〔修正〕；pull—push 形容词、副词：sudden—suddenly；rapid—rapidly；strong—strength 连词 as 原级比较：as fast as you can = as fast as possible；as far away from the water as possible 八、Unit 8 Lesson 3 核心词汇 名词：explosion—explode(v.爆炸)；destruction—destroy(v.破坏)；radioactivity—radioactive(adj.放射性的)；reaction—react(v.反应)〔注：action 来自 act，非 react 派生，勿混〕；responsibility—responsible；government—govern(v.管理) 动词：create—creative(adj.)—creativity(n.创造性)〔补充 creative〕；consider—consideration；be considered + adj.；considerate（体贴的）/ considerable（相当多的）；reduce—reduction；deal with；include(v.包含)—including(prep.包括)〔原笔记将 including 误标为名词，已改正为介词〕；inspire sb. to do 形容词、副词：secondary—second；harmful—harm；important—importance；proper—properly；deep—deeply；coastal—coast(n.海岸) 九、Unit 8 Lesson 4 核心词汇 名词：damage(n.损害；v.毁坏)；buildings—build 动词：meet（遇见；满足；相逢）；secure(v.保护；adj.可靠的、安心的) 形容词、副词：successfully—successful—success(n.)—succeed(v.成功；继承)；succession(n.继承)；immediately—immediate；wisely—wise—wisdom(n.)；badly(严重地)—bad—worse—worst 介词 against：fight against（对抗）；warn against（提防）；（1）反对（反义 for）be against sth.；（2）靠着 stand against the wall；（3）预防 protect against cold；（4）违背 against the law 十、Unit 8 Lesson 5 核心词汇 名词：injury(n.伤害)—injure(v.)；behaviour(n.行为)—behave(v.)；warning—warn；direction—direct(v.指路；adj.直接的)；accident（意外事故）/ incident（小事、事端）；in times of danger / difficulty（在……时期）；fear(n.恐惧；v.害怕)；emergency（紧急情况）〔注：与 emerge 形近，emerge 意为"出现"〕 形容词、副词：amazing—amazingly—amaze—amazed；safe—safely—safety；unusual—usual(平常的) 介词：within（时间：在一段时间内；空间：在范围内）；without（没有） 连词短语：the moment（= as soon as 一……就……），遵循主将从现。原句 The moment you feel the disaster coming, you should act without thinking twice. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $