Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals任务型阅读专项训练2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** 以“定位原文+关键信息提炼”为核心方法，按基础-提升梯度设计任务型阅读，系统训练细节查找与推理概括能力，融合前沿生物主题，兼顾语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础篇|3篇（180-200词）|细节题定位数据/事实句，答案控制10词内|从树木“发声”、海带森林到古云杉，围绕植物特性，由浅入深构建生物主题认知| |提升篇|2篇（200-220词）|推理题聚焦专家观点/因果关系，答案15-20词|延伸至电鳗发电、海水稻改良，增加观点题与跨学科联系，深化逻辑分析与信息整合|

八年级英语上册 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 任务型阅读专项训练 试题设计说明： 前3篇（基础篇）：词数180-200，3-4道细节题+1-2道推理/概括题 后2篇（提升篇）：词数200-220，2-3道细节题+2-3道推理/概括/观点题 每篇生词不超过3个，标注词义 问题答案字数：细节题不超过10词，概括/观点题不超过15-20词 Passage 1（词数：186） 热点导读：2025年，加州大学研究团队首次记录到树木在缺水时会发出高频声波，听起来就像树木在"喊叫"。这一发现可能帮助农民更好地监测作物健康状况。 The Singing Trees Most people think of trees as silent. They stand still and never make a sound. But a team of scientists at the University of California has discovered that trees actually make noise when they are thirsty. In 2025, the research team studied oak trees and pine trees. They put special microphones near the roots and branches of the trees. When the trees stopped getting water, the microphones picked up clicks and pops - sounds that humans cannot hear without help. These sounds happen inside the tree. When there is not enough water, tiny air bubbles form in the tree's xylem (木质部). As these bubbles burst, they create small explosions that make clicking noises. The scientists found that thirsty trees make more frequent sounds than well-watered ones. Oak trees produce about 10 clicks per hour when they are dry, while pine trees make even more - up to 50 clicks per hour. "We were surprised to hear that trees can make sounds," said Dr. Rachel Suttner, one of the researchers. "This could change the way we think about plants. Maybe trees are not as quiet as we thought." The team believes that one day, farmers might use "tree microphones" to check if their crops need water, saving time and resources. Questions: What did the scientists discover about trees? —————————————————————————————————— 2. What causes the clicking sounds in trees? —————————————————————————————————— 3. How many clicks per hour do pine trees make when dry? —————————————————————————————————— 4. What does Dr. Rachel Suttner think about trees? —————————————————————————————————— 5. What might farmers be able to do in the future with this discovery? —————————————————————————————————— Passage 2（词数：192） 热点导读：2025年，中国科学家在南海发现大片巨型海带森林，高度可达60米，是地球上最高的海洋生态系统之一，为数百种海洋生物提供了重要的栖息地。 The Underwater Forest When you think of a forest, you probably imagine tall trees on land. But there is another kind of forest - one that lives underwater. In 2025, Chinese scientists discovered a huge kelp forest in the South China Sea. Some of the kelp plants grow up to 60 meters tall, making it one of the tallest ecosystems on Earth. Kelp is a type of large brown seaweed. It grows in shallow, cool waters near the coast. A kelp forest can cover hundreds of square kilometers and provide food and shelter for hundreds of different species. Fish, crabs, sea turtles, and even sharks find homes among the tall kelp plants. The newly discovered kelp forest in the South China Sea is especially important because it is home to several endangered species. Scientists have already identified 300 types of fish living in the area. Some of these fish are found nowhere else in the world. "This discovery shows how much we still have to learn about the ocean," said Dr. Lin Wei, the lead researcher. "Kelp forests are like underwater cities - they support entire communities of life. We need to protect them before we lose what we have just found." However, kelp forests are under threat. Rising ocean temperatures and pollution are causing some kelp forests around the world to shrink. The scientists are now working with local fishermen to protect the South China Sea kelp forest. Questions: 1. How tall can the kelp plants in the South China Sea grow? —————————————————————————————————— 2. What kind of plant is kelp? —————————————————————————————————— 3. Why is the South China Sea kelp forest especially important? —————————————————————————————————— 4. What threats do kelp forests face? —————————————————————————————————— 5. What does Dr. Lin Wei compare kelp forests to? —————————————————————————————————— Passage 3（词数：198） 热点导读：2026年，瑞典科学家经基因检测确认一棵云杉树已有9500年树龄，是地球上已知最古老的独立生物体，比埃及金字塔还要古老得多。 The Oldest Living Thing In the mountains of northern Sweden, there stands a tree that is almost 9,500 years old. Scientists from Uppsala University confirmed its age through DNA testing. This ancient spruce tree (云杉), known as "Old Tjikko," is the oldest known individual living organism on Earth. Old Tjikko may look like an ordinary small tree. It is only about 9 meters tall and has a thin trunk. But its roots go much deeper - scientists found that the root system is at least 9,500 years old. The tree above ground dies and regrows many times, but the roots keep sending up new shoots (嫩芽). In this way, the root system has survived for nearly 10,000 years. To understand how old this tree is, think about this: when Old Tjikko was just a small seed, the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt had not yet been built. Humans were only just starting to form civilizations. The tree has watched thousands of years of history pass by. "Finding a tree this old is like finding a living library," said Professor Svante Pääbo. "Each ring in the tree tells a story about the climate, the environment, and the people who lived nearby. We can learn a lot from studying it." Old Tjikko is now protected by law. Visitors are not allowed to touch or damage the tree. Scientists continue to study it to learn more about how trees survive for such long periods and how climates have changed over the millennia. Questions: 1. How old is the spruce tree "Old Tjikko"? —————————————————————————————————— 2. Why does Old Tjikko look like an ordinary small tree? —————————————————————————————————— 3. What does the tree's root system do to help it survive? —————————————————————————————————— 4. What did Professor Svante Pääbo compare the tree to? —————————————————————————————————— 5. What can scientists learn from studying Old Tjikko? —————————————————————————————————— Passage 4（词数：208） 热点导读：2025年，科学家在亚马逊河流域发现一种新型电鳗，能产生比已知电鳗强3倍的电压，对生物电学研究具有重大意义。 The Electric River The Amazon River is home to many strange and wonderful creatures. One of the most amazing is the electric eel, which can produce powerful electric shocks to stun its prey and defend itself. Recently, scientists discovered a new species of electric eel that is even more powerful than any known species. The new species, named Electrophorus voltai, can produce an electric shock of up to 860 volts. This is three times stronger than the previously strongest known electric eel. The discovery was made by a team of biologists working in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil. How does the electric eel produce electricity? Special cells in its body, called electrocytes, work like tiny batteries. When the eel wants to shock something, these cells release energy all at once, creating a powerful electric current. The eel can control the strength of the shock - it uses weak shocks to find food and strong shocks to protect itself. "This is the most powerful electric animal ever discovered," said Dr. Eduardo Silva, the lead biologist. "Understanding how it generates such strong electricity could help us develop new types of batteries and even medical devices that use electricity to heal the body." However, the future of the Electrophorus voltai is not certain. Deforestation and pollution in the Amazon are destroying the habitats of many species. Scientists are calling for stronger protection of the Amazon rainforest to save this amazing creature and many others that we have not yet discovered. Questions: 1. What is special about the new electric eel species? —————————————————————————————————— 2. What are electrocytes and what do they do? —————————————————————————————————— 3. How does the electric eel use different strengths of shocks? —————————————————————————————————— 4. What could studying this eel help scientists develop? —————————————————————————————————— 5. What is the main threat to the Electrophorus voltai? —————————————————————————————————— Passage 5（词数：215） 热点导读：中国科学家在塔克拉玛干沙漠成功培育出耐盐碱的"海水稻"，在沙漠边缘种植，让寸草不生的荒漠变成了绿洲。 Green Miracle in the Desert The Taklamakan Desert in western China is one of the largest shifting sand deserts in the world. It is so dry that almost nothing can grow there. But a team of Chinese scientists has found a way to turn this barren land into green farmland - by growing a special kind of rice that can survive in salty soil. This special rice is called "seawater rice" (海水稻), although it is not actually grown in seawater. It was developed by crossing wild salt-tolerant rice with common rice varieties. The result is a rice plant that can grow in soil with high salt levels - conditions that would kill ordinary rice. The scientists first tested the seawater rice in small fields near the edge of the Taklamakan Desert. To their surprise, the rice not only survived, but also produced a good harvest. The roots of the seawater rice can filter out salt from the soil, making the land more suitable for other plants to grow over time. "This is a green miracle," said Professor Yuan Longping's former student, Dr. Yang Yilu. "We started with a small test plot, and now we have green fields where there was only sand. This gives us hope for feeding more people while also healing the land." The project has already turned thousands of hectares of desert into farmland. The new green fields also provide habitat for birds and insects, bringing life back to the area. Scientists believe that with more research, seawater rice could be grown in deserts around the world, helping to fight hunger and desertification at the same time. Questions: 1. What makes seawater rice different from ordinary rice? —————————————————————————————————— 2. How was seawater rice developed? —————————————————————————————————— 3. What do the roots of seawater rice do to help the soil? —————————————————————————————————— 4. What does Dr. Yang Yilu mean by "a green miracle"? —————————————————————————————————— 5. What benefits does the seawater rice project bring to the desert area? —————————————————————————————————— 解析版答案 Passage 1 - The Singing Trees 1. What did the scientists discover about trees? 答案： Trees make sounds when they are thirsty / lack water. 解析： 定位第二段"They put special microphones near the roots and branches of the trees. When the trees stopped getting water, the microphones picked up clicks and pops."以及第一段"But a team of scientists at the University of California has discovered that trees actually make noise when they are thirsty."题干问"what...discover"，原文直接指出科学家发现树木在缺水时会发出声音。答案提炼为"Trees make sounds when they are thirsty"，简洁准确。 2. What causes the clicking sounds in trees? 答案： Tiny air bubbles forming and bursting in the xylem. 解析： 定位第三段"When there is not enough water, tiny air bubbles form in the tree's xylem (木质部). As these bubbles burst, they create small explosions that make clicking noises."题干问"what causes"，原文解释声音产生的原因是木质部中微小气泡形成并破裂。答案提炼为"Tiny air bubbles forming and bursting in the xylem"，核心要素完整。 3. How many clicks per hour do pine trees make when dry? 答案： Up to 50 clicks per hour. 解析： 定位第三段"Oak trees produce about 10 clicks per hour when they are dry, while pine trees make even more - up to 50 clicks per hour."题干问的是pine trees（松树）的数值，原文直接给出"up to 50 clicks per hour"。注意不要与橡树的"about 10"混淆。 4. What does Dr. Rachel Suttner think about trees? 答案： Trees may not be as quiet as people thought. 解析： 定位第四段研究者的话"We were surprised to hear that trees can make sounds...Maybe trees are not as quiet as we thought."题干问"what...think"，核心观点是树木可能不像人们想象的那么安静。答案提炼为"Trees may not be as quiet as people thought"。 5. What might farmers be able to do in the future with this discovery? 答案： Use "tree microphones" to check if crops need water. 解析： 定位第四段最后一句"The team believes that one day, farmers might use "tree microphones" to check if their crops need water, saving time and resources."题干问"what might farmers do"，原文直接给出未来应用前景：使用"树木麦克风"检查作物是否需要浇水。答案提炼为"Use tree microphones to check if crops need water"。 Passage 2 - The Underwater Forest 1. How tall can the kelp plants in the South China Sea grow? 答案： Up to 60 meters tall. 解析： 定位第一段"Some of the kelp plants grow up to 60 meters tall, making it one of the tallest ecosystems on Earth."题干问"how tall"，原文直接给出数据"up to 60 meters tall"。答案简洁准确。 2. What kind of plant is kelp? 答案： It is a type of large brown seaweed. 解析： 定位第二段第一句"Kelp is a type of large brown seaweed."题干问"what kind of plant"，原文直接定义海带是一种大型棕色海藻。答案直接摘取"It is a type of large brown seaweed"。 3. Why is the South China Sea kelp forest especially important? 答案： It is home to several endangered species. 解析： 定位第三段"The newly discovered kelp forest in the South China Sea is especially important because it is home to several endangered species."题干问"why...especially important"，原文"because"后面直接给出原因：它是几种濒危物种的家园。答案提炼为"It is home to several endangered species"。 4. What threats do kelp forests face? 答案： Rising ocean temperatures and pollution. 解析： 定位最后一段"Rising ocean temperatures and pollution are causing some kelp forests around the world to shrink."题干问"what threats"，原文直接列出两个威胁因素：海水温度上升和污染。答案直接摘取"Rising ocean temperatures and pollution"。 5. What does Dr. Lin Wei compare kelp forests to? 答案： He compares them to underwater cities. 解析： 定位第四段专家的话"Kelp forests are like underwater cities - they support entire communities of life."题干问"what...compare...to"，原文用比喻"like underwater cities"将海带森林比作水下城市。答案提炼为"He compares them to underwater cities"。 Passage 3 - The Oldest Living Thing 1. How old is the spruce tree "Old Tjikko"? 答案： About 9,500 years old. 解析： 定位第一段"This ancient spruce tree...is the oldest known individual living organism on Earth."以及第二段"scientists found that the root system is at least 9,500 years old."题干问"how old"，原文多处提到9500年。答案提炼为"About 9,500 years old"。 2. Why does Old Tjikko look like an ordinary small tree? 答案： Because the tree above ground dies and regrows many times. 解析： 定位第二段"Old Tjikko may look like an ordinary small tree...The tree above ground dies and regrows many times, but the roots keep sending up new shoots."题干问"why...look like ordinary"，原因在于地上部分反复死亡和重新生长，所以看起来像普通小树。答案提炼为"Because the tree above ground dies and regrows many times"。 3. What does the tree's root system do to help it survive? 答案： It keeps sending up new shoots from the roots. 解析： 定位第二段"the root system is at least 9,500 years old. The tree above ground dies and regrows many times, but the roots keep sending up new shoots. In this way, the root system has survived for nearly 10,000 years."题干问根系如何帮助存活，原文指出根系不断发出新芽，使整株植物得以延续。答案提炼为"It keeps sending up new shoots from the roots"。 4. What did Professor Svante Pääbo compare the tree to? 答案： He compared it to a living library. 解析： 定位第四段教授的话"Finding a tree this old is like finding a living library," said Professor Svante Pääbo."题干问"what...compare...to"，原文明确比喻为"a living library"（活着的图书馆）。答案直接摘取"He compared it to a living library"。 5. What can scientists learn from studying Old Tjikko? 答案： How trees survive long and how climates changed over time. 解析： 定位第四段"We can learn a lot from studying it"以及最后一段"Scientists continue to study it to learn more about how trees survive for such long periods and how climates have changed over the millennia."题干问"what can scientists learn"，原文最后一段直接给出两个学习方向：树木如何长期存活、气候如何随时间变化。答案提炼为"How trees survive long and how climates changed over time"。 Passage 4 - The Electric River 1. What is special about the new electric eel species? 答案： It can produce 860 volts, three times stronger than known species. 解析： 定位第二段"The new species, named Electrophorus voltai, can produce an electric shock of up to 860 volts. This is three times stronger than the previously strongest known electric eel."题干问"what is special"，核心特征是能产生860伏电压，是已知物种的3倍。答案提炼为"It can produce 860 volts, three times stronger than known species"。 2. What are electrocytes and what do they do? 答案： Special cells that produce electricity like tiny batteries. 解析： 定位第三段"Special cells in its body, called electrocytes, work like tiny batteries. When the eel wants to shock something, these cells release energy all at once, creating a powerful electric current."题干问"what are...and what do they do"，原文定义电细胞是产生电力的特殊细胞，像小电池一样工作。答案提炼为"Special cells that produce electricity like tiny batteries"。 3. How does the electric eel use different strengths of shocks? 答案： Weak shocks to find food; strong shocks to protect itself. 解析： 定位第三段最后一句"The eel can control the strength of the shock - it uses weak shocks to find food and strong shocks to protect itself."题干问"how...use different strengths"，原文直接说明弱电流用于觅食，强电流用于自卫。答案提炼为"Weak shocks to find food; strong shocks to protect itself"。 4. What could studying this eel help scientists develop? 答案： New types of batteries and medical devices using electricity. 解析： 定位第四段专家的话"Understanding how it generates such strong electricity could help us develop new types of batteries and even medical devices that use electricity to heal the body."题干问"what could...help develop"，原文指出有助于开发新型电池和用电疗伤的生物医疗设备。答案提炼为"New types of batteries and medical devices using electricity"。 5. What is the main threat to the Electrophorus voltai? 答案： Deforestation and pollution in the Amazon. 解析： 定位最后一段"Deforestation and pollution in the Amazon are destroying the habitats of many species."题干问"main threat"，原文直接指出亚马逊雨林砍伐和污染是主要威胁。答案提炼为"Deforestation and pollution in the Amazon"。 Passage 5 - Green Miracle in the Desert 1. What makes seawater rice different from ordinary rice? 答案： It can grow in soil with high salt levels. 解析： 定位第二段"The result is a rice plant that can grow in soil with high salt levels - conditions that would kill ordinary rice."题干问"what makes...different"，核心区别是海水稻能在高盐土壤中生长，而普通水稻会被杀死。答案提炼为"It can grow in soil with high salt levels"。 2. How was seawater rice developed? 答案： By crossing wild salt-tolerant rice with common rice. 解析： 定位第二段"This special rice is called "seawater rice"...was developed by crossing wild salt-tolerant rice with common rice varieties."题干问"how...developed"，原文直接说明是通过野生耐盐水稻与普通水稻杂交培育的。答案提炼为"By crossing wild salt-tolerant rice with common rice"。 3. What do the roots of seawater rice do to help the soil? 答案： They filter out salt, making the land suitable for other plants. 解析： 定位第三段"The roots of the seawater rice can filter out salt from the soil, making the land more suitable for other plants to grow over time."题干问"what do the roots...do to help the soil"，原文指出根系能过滤土壤中的盐分，使土地更适合其他植物生长。答案提炼为"They filter out salt, making the land suitable for other plants"。 4. What does Dr. Yang Yilu mean by "a green miracle"? 答案： Turning desert into green farmland where only sand was. 解析： 定位第四段专家的话"We started with a small test plot, and now we have green fields where there was only sand."题干问"what does...mean"，核心含义是在只有沙子的沙漠中创造了绿色农田，化荒漠为绿洲。答案提炼为"Turning desert into green farmland where only sand was"。 5. What benefits does the seawater rice project bring to the desert area? 答案： It creates farmland and provides habitat for birds and insects. 解析： 定位第五段"The project has already turned thousands of hectares of desert into farmland. The new green fields also provide habitat for birds and insects, bringing life back to the area."题干问"what benefits"，原文列出两个好处：将沙漠变为农田、为鸟类和昆虫提供栖息地。答案提炼为"It creates farmland and provides habitat for birds and insects"。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $