Unit1-2被动语态2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

外研版八年级下册（U1+U2语法） 被动语态 1.什么是语态？ 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者; 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。（在被动语态的句子中，动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。） 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态：Machines may replace cashiers. 被动语态：Cashiers may be replaced by machines. 主语 谓语 状语 请同学们试着用上面的方法，将下面的句子从主动语态变成被动语态： ______ ______ __________ 主动语态：A policeman took the elderly woman home. 被动语态：The elderly woman was taken home by a policeman. ___________ __________ ____________ 2.使用被动语态的情况： (1)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 (2)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。E.g. Rice is grown in the south of China. 水稻种植在中国南方。 3.被动语态的构成： (1)请找出课本U1中含有被动语态的句子，并总结结构： ①过去的30年充满了挑战与欢乐。_______________________________________________ ②所有高空中的岁月，都将珍藏在我的记忆里。_________________________________________ ③我还记得其他隔着玻璃相识的朋友们。_______________________________________________ ④擦窗户并不总认为是份好差事，但我永远不会后悔。_________________________________________ ⑤在欧洲许多地区，它作为春季节日，人们载歌载舞来庆祝。_____________________________________ ⑥这份工作在几个世纪以前曾备受尊崇。______________________________________________ ⑦它们可能很快就会被机器取代。________________________________________ ⑧自动驾驶仪早在一个多世纪前就已应用于飞机。_______________________________________ ⑨未来，太空旅行的成本必将降低。_____________________________________ ⑩届时，将需要太空旅行导游带领人们前往月球乃至更遥远的太空。_________________________________ 通过总结归纳，我发现，被动语态的基本机构是：____________________________ 变化情况 规则 例词 规则变化 在动词原形后加-ed  work→worked→worked 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,________________________ carry→_____________ 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,______________ live→________________ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,_______________________________ stop→____________ plan→_______________ 不规则 变化（见课本附录） AAA型(即原形、过去式与过去分词均同形) cut→_________ __________  put→__________ __________ ABB型(即过去式与过去分词同形) think→__________→__________ ABC型(即原形、过去式与过去分词均不同形) do→_________→________ go→___________→__________ ABA型(即原形与过去分词同形) come→__________→__________  run→___________→__________ (2)动词过去分词变化规则： (3)各种时态与语态的对应 时态 被动语态构成 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 含情态动词 现在进行时 现在完成时 4. 被动语态的基本句式（以一般现在时的被动语态为例） 肯定句：Excellent communication skills are expected. 否定句：___________________________________________ 一般疑问句：_____________________________________ 特殊疑问句：______________________________________ 5.特殊用法（主动形式表被动含义） 1. 当句中为某些连系动词时，如：feel, look, smell, taste, sound以及remain, keep, become等： The fish smells good. 鱼闻起来味道不错。 2. 不及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如：happen, occur, break out, take place, work out等。 The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发于1937年。 The plan worked out successfully. 计划成功实施了。 3. need doing/require doing意为“……需要被做”,表被动意义,相当于need to be done/ require to be done。 The flowers need watering.==The flowers need to be watered.花需要被浇。 4. 少数动词的主动形式可以表示被动含义，主语通常是“物”。常见此类动词：read, write, wash, clean, sell, open, close, lock, feel 等。 This pen writes smoothly. （这支笔写起来很流畅。） The new book sells well. （这本新书很畅销。） 5.有些感官动词/使役动词(如hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,但变为被动语态时,必须将to还原。 E.g. The boss makes him work for 15 hours one day.（主动语态） He was made to work for 15 hours one day.（被动语态） 6.某些表示状态或关系的及物动词，如 have（有）, own, belong to等，没有被动语态。 (×) This book is belonged to me. (√) This book belongs to me. 【被动语态小测-中考真题】 1．—We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year. A．plant B．be planted C．are planted 2．Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 3．China’s Beijing Library ________ “Public Library of the Year” in 2024. A．named B．was named C．will be named 4．The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people. It ________ to help deal with food waste. A．will design B．will be designed C．designs D．is designed 5．—World Animal Day is on October 4th every year. —Many activities ________ to improve the relationship between humans and animals this day. A．will hold B．is held C．are held 6．Avatar 3, the highly expected new movie, ______ in many cinemas last month and got popular quickly. A．show B．was shown C．is shown D．showed 7．—I heard a special team ________ in your school last month to help those who were weak in English. —Yeah. I’m just one member of the team. A．was set up B．was setting up C．had set up D．sets up 8．A new hospital _______ in our neighborhood next year. A．will build B．is built C．will be built D．was built 9．Because of the heavy rain, the students ________ back to their homes a little later yesterday. A．were sent B．are sent C．sent 10．—Dad, can I watch TV for a while? —Sorry. Not until your homework ________ this evening. A．will be finished B．will finish C．finished D．is finished 11．Last year, many trees ________ along the streets to make our city more beautiful. A．are planted B．were planted C．will be planted D．have been planted 12．A new sports center ________ in our neighborhood next year, so we will have a better place to exercise. A．will build B．is built C．will be built D．is building 13．It is reported that Long March 124 YI Carrier Rocket ________ successfully in December, 2025. A．is sent B．was sent C．will be sent 14．Paper cuttings ________ in different kinds of festivals and celebrations around China every year. A．are used B．were used C．will be used D．use 15．Jixiangma, the mascot for the 2026 Lunar New Year, ________ on November 25th, 2025. A．introduced B．will introduce C．was introduced D．will be introduced 16．— Shall we go to Nanjing this weekend? — Good idea! I heard the newly-built light rail ________. A．completed B．has completed C．was completed D．will be completed 17．How tall are you? What colour are your eyes? These things ________ by your DNA! A．influenced B．are influencing C．were influenced D．are influenced 18．The zipper ________ by Whitcomb Judson in 1893 and it’s widely used now. A．invented B．is invented C．was invented D．will be invented 19．When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________. A．wastes B．wasted C．is wasted D．was wasted 20. During the class meeting, new school rules ___by our head teacher. He asked everyone to follow them strictly. A．mention B．mentioned C．are mentioned D．were mentioned 21．A new science lab ________ in our school last year. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 22．The boy was made ________ his room clean and tidy. A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 23．—I heard that you took part in the clean-up activity in Gan River last week. —Yes, it ________ to protect the environment. A．organized B．was organized C．was organizing D．is organized 24．—Kids nowadays ________ hard to study for good grades. —It’s not fair for them to take too many after-school classes. A．are pushed B．push C．are pushing D．have pushed 25．The 34th Olympic Games ________ in Los Angeles in 2028. A．hold B．is held C．will hold D．will be held 26．A lot of delicious local snacks ______ in that small factory last year. A．have produced B．are producing C．were produced D．were producing 27．—A new sports center ________ in our city in 2027. —Yeah. We can swim there at that time. A．will be built B．builds C．was built 28．Teenagers shouldn’t ________ stay up too late on school nights, as it may influence their study and health. A．be allowed to B．allow to C．allowed to D．allow 29．—My brother ________ to join the English club. —That’s a good idea. It can improve his English. A．advises B．is advised C．advised D．was advised 30．—Will you go to Lisa’s party next Sunday? —Well, if I ______, I will go on time. A．invite B．am invited C．will invite D．was invited 31．—What’s the name of this tea? It tastes delicious. —It’s Houkui, a kind of green tea. It is in the south of Anhui. A．punished B．prepared C．polluted D．produced 32．The tea made in China ________ to many different countries and places every year. A．sent B．is sent C．has sent 33．—Would you mind telling me if he will attend the meeting in two days? —He won’t, unless he ________. A．is invited B．will be invited C．invites D．invited 34．—Who will be the winner of this year’s school art festival? —No one will know the result until it ________ next Friday. A．announces B．is announced C．will announce D．will be announced 35．—Bengbu Tenghu Airport ________ successfully on December 19th, 2025. —What exciting news! Soon, we can travel by air from here! A．is tested B．tested C．was tested D．will be tested 36．—Lucy, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. —I’m sorry, but I ________. A．don’t tell B．didn’t tell C．wasn’t told D．am not told 37．A new bridge ________ over the river last year, and a park ________ around it next year. A．was built; will be built B．built; is built C．is built; will build D．builds; is going to build 38．Students ________ to wear school uniforms at school. A．allows B．are allowed C．were allowed D．will be allowed 39．—An AI health caregiver ________ at Daniel’s home daily. —No wonder his health has improved a lot. A．is used B．will be used C．uses 40．—The ancient buildings in Jiujiang ________ well! —You are right. They are the symbols of our history and culture. A．are protecting B．protected C．must protect D．must be protected 41．Papermaking ________ in China around 2,000 years ago. A．invent B．is invented C．invented D．was invented 42．—Are you going to join the club? —I’m not sure. I will if I ________. A．will invite B．invited C．will be invited D．am invited 43．As far as we know, the Jiaozi Snow Mountain _____with snow normally from December to March every year. A．covers B．was covered C．is covered D．will be covered 44．One of the most popular games in history “Black Myth: Wukong”_____by Game Science, a gaming company. A．produced B．is producing C．was produced 45．Gina _______ clean her room. A．made to B．is made to C．makes to 46．Nowadays, a large amount of information________ in various forms on the Internet. A．stores B．is stored C．stored D．was stored 47．The book ________ in the playground just now. Do you know whose it is? A．found B．was found C．finds D．is found 48．A party ________ soon in my friend’s home and I’m looking forward to it. A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 49．—Why didn’t you attend the speech yesterday? —I ________ to help my neighbor fix his broken window. A．was asked B．asked C．am asked D．was asking 50．The tour ________ by our English teacher to improve our spoken English. A．held B．was held C．was holding 51．The game _____ at the sports meeting by all the students. A．enjoyed B．is enjoyed C．enjoying 52．—More and more work ________ by robots in the future. —I can’t agree with you more. A．is done B．will do C．will be done 53．—Have all the students known that we will have an English exam this Saturday? —Yes. Every student ________ about it. A．tells B．told C．was told D．should tell 54．—When will you visit the newly opened museum? —Not until the present show ________. A．is finished B．has finished C．will finish D．will be finished 55．The bookstore ______ in 1980 and it has become a cinema in recent years. A．built B．was built C．is built 56．—Did you come to Jim’s birthday party, Mike? —No, because I ________. A．didn’t invite B．wasn’t invited C．isn’t invited D．doesn’t invite 57．Thanks to AI, different kinds of information ________ in a short time. A．can be learned B．can be learning C．can learn D．can have learned 58．The storybook has been ________ out. It is worth ________. A．sell; read B．selling; to read C．sold; reading 59．— Many accidents ________ by careless drivers last year. —Oh, that’s terrible. We must follow the traffic rules. A．are caused B．were caused C．have caused 60．The suspect ________ with breaking into several computer systems. A．was charging B．is charging C．was charged D．has charged 二．根据语境，填出适当形式 1.Many people were badly hurt in the car accident. Some of them needed________________(operate) on at once.  2.—How do you find this kind of pen? —It__________________(write) so well that everyone in our class has got one.  3. The first telephone____________________(invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.  4.The future of education____________________(influence) greatly as AI technologies develop quickly.  5.A bridge_____________________(build) in my hometown last year, making it easier to travel around.  6.The tea in Yunnan is so famous that it_________________(send) to different places across the world every day.  7.—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday. —Yes, it _______________________(organize) by our school green club to protect forests.  8.During the Tang Dynasty, nearly everything produced in the world could___________(find) on the streets of Chang’an.  9.—What do you think of the poem? —It’s a little bit long, but anyway, it__________________(read) well.  10.If the science fiction film___________________(translate) into English, it will be popular around the world.  2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $