Unit 2 Growing pains and gains.语法精讲精练专项训练2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语下册

**基本信息** 系统整合三种基础时态被动语态，聚焦一般过去时被动及中考高频特殊结构（使役/感官动词被动、情态动词被动），通过分层练习实现方法迁移与能力提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识精讲|3类时态对比表、2类特殊点口诀|“be+过去分词”核心公式；时间状语定时态法；“主动省to、被动还原to”规则；情态动词被动“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构|从基础时态被动总览（概念生成）→一般过去时被动（重点突破，含句式变化）→特殊结构（应用拓展），形成“基础-重点-难点”递进链条| |典型例题|4题|时间标志词定位法；被动还原to判断法；情态动词后be动词锁定法|覆盖中考核心考法（时态判断、特殊动词被动、句式转换），突出易错点（如let被动用be allowed to）| |综合演练|39题（单选15+填空14+转换10）|主动变被动四步法（宾变主、谓变被动、时不变、原主变by短语）|题型对应知识模块，从单一结构到综合转换，强化语言运用能力与思维逻辑性|

外研版八下 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains.语法精讲精练 —— 被动语态（二）一般过去时被动与特殊结构 —— 使用说明 本讲承接第一课时（一般现在时、一般将来时被动），重点学习一般过去时的被动语态，并把三种基础时态的被动语态系统总结；同时突破两个中考高频特殊点——使役动词与感官动词「主动省 to、被动还原 to」，以及含情态动词的被动语态。配套三类分层练习，答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、复习导入：三种基础时态被动语态总览 被动语态的核心始终是「be + 过去分词」，时态由 be 动词体现，过去分词本身不变。判断用哪种被动，关键看时间状语、确定 be 的形式。 时态 被动结构 be 的形式 常见时间标志 例句 一般现在时 am / is / are + done am/is/are every day, often, usually The room is cleaned every day. 一般过去时 was / were + done was/were yesterday, last..., ...ago, in 2000 The room was cleaned yesterday. 一般将来时 will be / be going to be + done will be / be going to be tomorrow, next..., soon The room will be cleaned tomorrow. 二、一般过去时的被动语态（本讲重点） 当句子的主语和谓语存在动宾（被动）关系，且动作发生在过去时，谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态。 （一）构成：主语 + was / were + 及物动词的过去分词（+ by 短语） 主语是第三人称单数（I 也用 was）用 was；you 及复数用 were。 The bridge was built in 2000. 这座桥建于 2000 年。 These trees were planted ten years ago. 这些树是十年前种的。 （二）四大句式变化 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + pp.（+ by...） The letter was written by him yesterday. 否定句 主语 + wasn't/weren't + pp.（+ by...） The letter wasn't written by him. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + pp.? —Was the letter written by him? —Yes, it was. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + pp.? When was the car invented? 这辆车是什么时候发明的？ 【易错警示】判断被动时态不要只看中文「被」，要抓时间状语：看到 yesterday、last week、three days ago、in 2008 等过去时间，be 一律用 was/were。 三、三种时态被动语态辨析（抓 be 定时态） 同一个动词，换时间状语就要换 be 的形式，过去分词不变。 The classroom is cleaned every day.（现在） 教室每天被打扫。 The classroom was cleaned yesterday.（过去） 教室昨天被打扫了。 The classroom will be cleaned tomorrow.（将来） 教室明天将被打扫。 四、特殊点①：使役 / 感官动词——主动省 to，被动还原 to 在主动句中，使役动词 make、let、have 和感官动词 feel、hear、see、watch、notice、listen to、look at 等，后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时省略 to，即「make / see + 宾语 + do」。但变为被动语态时，必须把省略的 to 补回来，即「be made / be seen + to do」。 动词类别 常见动词（口诀） 主动（省 to） 被动（还原 to） 感官动词 一感 feel；二听 hear/listen to；四看 see/watch/notice/look at I saw him enter the room. He was seen to enter the room. 使役动词 三让 make / let / have The boss made them work long. They were made to work long. Many people watched the women dance at the square. 很多人在广场上看到过这些女士跳舞。 The women were watched to dance at the square by many people. 这些女士在广场上跳舞被很多人看到过。 【易错警示】let 一般不用于被动，其被动意义常用 be allowed to do 表达；help 后的 to 可省可不省，被动时通常保留 to。 五、特殊点②：含情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词（can、may、must、should、have to 等）的被动语态结构为：情态动词 + be + 过去分词。否定在情态动词后加 not，疑问把情态动词提到主语前。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + 情态动词 + be + pp. Everything should be organised carefully. 一切都应该被仔细规划。 否定句 主语 + 情态动词 + not + be + pp. The work needn't be done today. 这项工作不必今天做。 一般疑问句 情态动词 + 主语 + be + pp.? Must the work be finished at once? 这项工作必须立刻完成吗？ Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 青少年应该被允许选择自己的衣服。 【易错警示】情态动词后一律用动词原形 be，不能写成 must is / should are，也不能漏掉 be。 六、典型例题精讲 【例1】The bridge ______ in 2000. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built 【答案】C 【解析】in 2000 是过去时间，bridge 是「建造」的承受者，用一般过去时被动，单数 was built，选 C。 【例2】The boy was made ______ the room by his mother. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】make sb. do sth. 变被动为 sb. be made to do sth.，须还原 to，选 B。 【例3】The work must ______ at once. A. finish B. be finished C. is finished D. finished 【答案】B 【解析】含情态动词的被动为「情态动词 + be + 过去分词」，must be finished，选 B。 【例4】They planted these trees ten years ago.（改为被动语态） 【答案】These trees were planted by them ten years ago. 【解析】宾语 these trees 变主语（复数 were），planted 不变，原主语 they 变 by them，时间状语保留。 第二讲 综合演练 题型一 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分） 1. The bridge ______ in 2000. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built 2. The old house ______ last week. A. is pulled down B. was pulled down C. will be pulled down D. pulled down 3. These trees ______ ten years ago. A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted 4. The sports meeting ______ last Friday. A. holds B. held C. was held D. is held 5. —When ______ the car ______? —In 1998. A. did; invent B. was; invented C. is; invented D. was; invent 6. The boy was made ______ the room by his mother. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 7. The woman was seen ______ into the shop just now. A. go B. to go C. went D. going 8. The work must ______ at once. A. finish B. be finished C. is finished D. finished 9. Teenagers should ______ to choose their own clothes. A. allow B. allowed C. be allowed D. are allowed 10. The letter ______ by him yesterday. A. writes B. wrote C. was written D. is written 11. Many old houses ______ in our town last year. A. pull down B. pulled down C. were pulled down D. are pulled down 12. The Great Wall ______ thousands of years ago. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built 13. The students ______ to hand in their homework yesterday morning. A. ask B. asked C. were asked D. are asked 14. The baby was heard ______ in the next room last night. A. cry B. to cry C. cried D. crying 15. These books must ______ to the library on time. A. return B. be returned C. returned D. are returned 题型二 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共14分） 1. The bridge ______ (build) in 2000. 2. These trees ______ (plant) ten years ago. 3. The sports meeting ______ (hold) last Friday. 4. The letter ______ (write) by him yesterday. 5. Many old houses ______ (pull) down in our town last year. 6. The Great Wall ______ (build) thousands of years ago. 7. The students ______ (ask) to hand in their homework yesterday. 8. The boy was made ______ (clean) the room by his mother. 9. The woman was seen ______ (go) into the shop just now. 10. The work must ______ (finish) at once. 11. Teenagers should ______ (allow) to choose their own clothes. 12. These books must ______ (return) to the library on time. 13. The old house ______ (pull) down last week. 14. The baby was heard ______ (cry) in the next room last night. 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换（每小题2分，共10题） A. 根据汉语意思完成句子（1—5题，每空一词） 1. 这座桥建于2000年。 The bridge ______ ______ in 2000. 2. 这些树是十年前种的。 These trees ______ ______ ten years ago. 3. 运动会上周五举行了。 The sports meeting ______ ______ last Friday. 4. 这项工作必须立刻完成。 The work must ______ ______ at once. 5. 这个男孩被妈妈逼着打扫房间。 The boy was ______ ______ clean the room by his mother. B. 句型转换（6—10题，每空一词） 6. He wrote the letter yesterday.（改为被动语态） The letter ______ ______ by him yesterday. 7. They planted these trees ten years ago.（改为被动语态） These trees ______ ______ by them ten years ago. 8. We must finish the work at once.（改为被动语态） The work must ______ ______ at once. 9. Many people watched the women dance at the square.（改为被动语态） The women were ______ ______ dance at the square by many people. 10. They held a sports meeting last Friday.（改为被动语态） A sports meeting ______ ______ last Friday. 答案与解析 题型一 单项选择 1. 【答案】C 【解析】in 2000 过去，单数 was built 2. 【答案】B 【解析】last week 过去被动，house 单数 was pulled down 3. 【答案】C 【解析】ago 过去，trees 复数 were planted 4. 【答案】C 【解析】last Friday 过去被动 was held 5. 【答案】B 【解析】特殊疑问过去被动 was + invented 6. 【答案】B 【解析】make sb do 变被动 be made to do，还原 to 7. 【答案】B 【解析】see sb do 变被动 be seen to do，还原 to 8. 【答案】B 【解析】情态被动 must be + 过去分词 9. 【答案】C 【解析】should be allowed 情态被动 10. 【答案】C 【解析】yesterday 过去被动，letter 单数 was written 11. 【答案】C 【解析】last year 过去，houses 复数 were pulled down 12. 【答案】C 【解析】ago 过去，长城单数 was built 13. 【答案】C 【解析】yesterday 过去，students 复数 were asked 14. 【答案】B 【解析】hear sb do 变被动 be heard to do，还原 to 15. 【答案】B 【解析】must be returned 情态被动 题型二 适当形式填空 1. 【答案】was built 【解析】in 2000 过去，单数 2. 【答案】were planted 【解析】ago 过去，trees 复数 3. 【答案】was held 【解析】last Friday 过去被动 4. 【答案】was written 【解析】yesterday 过去，letter 单数 5. 【答案】were pulled 【解析】last year 过去，houses 复数 6. 【答案】was built 【解析】ago 过去，长城单数 7. 【答案】were asked 【解析】yesterday 过去，students 复数 8. 【答案】to clean 【解析】be made to do，被动还原 to 9. 【答案】to go 【解析】be seen to do，被动还原 to 10. 【答案】be finished 【解析】must be + pp. 情态被动 11. 【答案】be allowed 【解析】should be allowed 情态被动 12. 【答案】be returned 【解析】must be returned 情态被动 13. 【答案】was pulled 【解析】last week 过去，house 单数 14. 【答案】to cry 【解析】be heard to do，被动还原 to 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换 1. 【答案】was built 【解析】一般过去被动，bridge 单数 was + built 2. 【答案】were planted 【解析】trees 复数 were + planted 3. 【答案】was held 【解析】sports meeting 单数 was + held 4. 【答案】be finished 【解析】情态被动 must be + finished 5. 【答案】made to 【解析】be made to do，被动还原 to 6. 【答案】was written 【解析】宾语 letter 变主语，yesterday，was written 7. 【答案】were planted 【解析】宾语 trees 变主语（复数），were planted，they 变 by them 8. 【答案】be finished 【解析】情态动词被动 must be finished 9. 【答案】watched to 【解析】watch sb do 变被动 be watched to do，还原 to 10. 【答案】was held 【解析】宾语 a sports meeting 变主语（单数），was held 第 1 页 共 9 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $