内容正文:
Unit 1 The Changing World 重点语法知识讲练
一般过去时和现在完成时用法对比
used to的用法
目录
· 单元重点语法知识讲解
对比一般过去时和现在完成时的用法差异。
详细讲解结构“used to”的用法
· 单元重点语法知识练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固语法知识,加深对以上知识的记忆和理解。
单元重点语法知识讲解
一、一般过去时和现在完成时的用法对比
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 两种时态的基本用法对比
时态
用法
例句
一般过去时
①表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
I visited my grandparents yesterday. 我昨天去看望了我的祖父母。
She was a teacher five years ago. 五年前她是一名老师。
We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候经常一起玩。
现在完成时
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
②表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去。
I have visited Beijing. 我去过北京。(强调现在知道北京是什么样,有去过的经历)
She has been a teacher for five years. 她已经当了五年老师了。(五年前开始当老师,现在还是老师)
We have played together many times. 我们已经一起玩过很多次了。(强调到目前为止的次数)
2. 两种时态的构成方式和句式结构对比
(1)一般过去时的句式结构
① 谓语动词为be动词(was / were)
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + was/were + 表语。
I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
否定句
主语 + was/were + not + 表语。
(wasn't / weren't)
They weren't busy last night. 他们昨晚不忙。
一般疑问句
Was/Were + 主语 + 表语?
Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
Was she a teacher three years ago? 三年前她是老师吗?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 表语?
Where were you just now? 你刚才在哪儿?
②谓语动词为行为动词(动词过去式)
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。
He watched TV last night. 他昨晚看了电视。
否定句
主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形。
She didn't go to school yesterday. 她昨天没去上学。
一般疑问句
Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Did you see the film? 你看那部电影了吗?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形?
What did he buy? 他买了什么?
(2)现在完成时的句式结构
句式
结构
例句(中英对照)
肯定句
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。
I have finished my homework. 我已经完成了作业。
否定句
主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词。
(haven't / hasn't)
She hasn't seen this film. 她还没看过这部电影。
一般疑问句
Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.
Have you been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词?
Where has he gone? 他去哪儿了?
3. 两种时态的时间状语对比
时态
时间状语
例句
一般过去时
明确的过去时间,这些时间状语都指向一个已经结束的过去时间点或时间段。
yesterday,yesterday morning / afternoon/evening,
last night/week/month/year, two days ago, in May,
three years ago, in 2015, just now、at that time,
when I was young
I met him yesterday. 我昨天遇见了他。
She left just now. 她刚才离开了。
We moved to this city in 2010. 我们在2010年搬到了这个城市。
现在完成时
现在完成时不能与表示明确过去时间的状语连用,常和表示“至今”概念的时间状语连用:
already,yet,just,ever,never,so far / up to now,
recently / lately,in the past few years,
since + 过去时间点/从句,for + 时间段,
twice, three times, several times
I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。
She hasn't come yet. 她还没有来。
Have you ever visited the museum? 你曾经参观过那个博物馆吗?
I have never been abroad. 我从未出过国。
We have learned 1,000 words so far. 到目前为止我们已经学了1000个单词。
He has lived here since 2018. 他从2018年起就住在这里了。
She has worked here for three years. 她已经在这里工作三年了。
二、“used to”的用法
1. used to是一个固定结构,表示"过去常常"或"过去曾经",用来描述在过去某个时间段内经常发生的动作或存在的状态,但现在已经不再发生或不再存在。
used to没有人称和数的变化,后面接动词原形。
I used to get up late. 我过去常常起床很晚。(暗示现在不晚起了)
She used to be a teacher. 她过去是一名老师。(暗示现在不是老师了)
2. used to的构成与句式变化
(1)肯定句式:主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他成分.
I used to eat a lot of sweets. 我过去常吃很多糖果。
She used to go swimming every Sunday. 她过去每个星期天都去游泳。
We used to have a dog. 我们过去养过一只狗。
He used to be very shy. 他过去非常害羞。
My father used to smoke. 我父亲过去抽烟。
(2)否定句式:
used to的否定有两种形式。
① 主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形
I didn't use to like vegetables. 我过去不喜欢蔬菜。
She didn't use to wear glasses. 她过去不戴眼镜。
They didn't use to eat meat. 他们过去不吃肉。
② 主语 + usedn't to + 动词原形
I usedn't to like vegetables. 我过去不喜欢蔬菜。
He usedn't to be so tall. 他过去没那么高。
(3)一般疑问句式:
Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形?
回答时:Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Did you use to play football? 你过去踢足球吗?
Did she use to live here? 她过去住在这里吗?
Did they use to be good friends? 他们过去是好朋友吗?
3. used to与一般过去时的区别
used to强调"过去如此,现在已不如此",含有明显的今昔对比含义;一般过去时只陈述过去发生的事实,不涉及现在的对比。
I used to live in London.(暗示现在不在伦敦)
I lived in London for two years.(只陈述过去在伦敦住过两年,现在可能在也可能不在)
She used to be a nurse.(暗示现在不是护士了)
She was a nurse.(只陈述她过去是护士,现在情况未知)
4. used to与be/get used to的区别
对比总结表:
结构
含义
to的性质
后面接
used to do
过去常常做(现在不做了)
不定式符号
动词原形
be used to doing
习惯于做
介词
动名词/名词/代词
be used to do
被用来做
不定式符号(被动)
动词原形
注意: get used to表示"逐渐习惯"的过程,后也接动名词/名词。
I am used to getting up at 6:00. 我习惯六点起床。
She is used to living in the countryside. 她习惯了住在乡下。
You will get used to the new school soon. 你很快会适应新学校的。
I'm getting used to getting up early. 我正在逐渐习惯早起。
Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。
This knife is used to cut fruits. 这把刀被用来切水果。
The room is used to store books. 这个房间被用来存放书籍。
单元重点语法知识练习
一、单项选择。
1.My father ______ in this factory since 2015.
A.works B.worked C.has worked D.will work
2.—Where is your uncle?
—He ______ Beijing. He ______ there three days ago.
A.has been to; went B.has gone to; went
C.has been to; has gone D.has gone to; has gone
3.I ______ this book for two weeks. I ______ it from the library last week.
A.have bought; borrowed B.have had; borrowed
C.bought; have borrowed D.have had; have borrowed
4.She ______ her keys. She can't find them anywhere.
A.loses B.has lost C.lost D.will lose
5.—______ you ever ______ to the Great Wall?
—Yes, I ______ there last year.
A.Have; been; went B.Did; go; have been
C.Have; gone; went D.Did; went; went
6.—______ have you been in Nanjing?
—For about five years.
A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far
7.It ______ three years since we ______ each other.
A.is; have met B.has been; met C.was; met D.is; meet
8.My brother ______ in the army for three years. He ______ the army in 2020.
A.has joined; joined B.has been; has joined
C.has been; joined D.joined; joined
9.—Who ______ the classroom just now?
—I don't know. But it ______ already.
A.cleaned; has cleaned B.cleaned; has been cleaned
C.has cleaned; has been cleaned D.has cleaned; cleaned
10.—______ you ______ your breakfast yet?
—Yes, I ______ it at 7:00.
A.Did; have; have B.Have; had; had
C.Have; had; have D.Did; have; have had
11.My grandmother ______ take a walk after dinner, but now she ______ staying at home.
A.used to; is used to B.used to; used to
C.was used to; is used to D.is used to; used to
12.He ______ late for school, but now he ______ early.
A.used to be; gets up B.used to; gets up
C.used to be; used to get up D.was used to; gets up
13.—Did your father ______ smoke?
—Yes, but he ______ smoking last year.
A.used to; stopped B.use to; stops
C.use to; stopped D.used to; stops
14.She ______ be shy but now she isn't.
A.used to B.was used to C.used D.is used to
15.The knife ______ cut bread.
A.used to B.is used to C.is used for D.used
二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
16.I ______ (finish) my homework already. I ______ (finish) it at 8:00 last night.
17.My mother ______ (work) in this hospital since she ______ (come) to this city.
18.—______ you ever ______ (be) to the Great Wall?
—Yes, I ______ (go) there with my parents last summer.
19.My brother ______ (use) to play computer games a lot, but now he doesn't.
20.He didn't ______ (use) to get up late when he was a student.
21.I am not used to ______ (get) up early, but I'm trying my best.
22.The wood is used to ______ (make) paper.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
23.我已经在这所学校学习了三年。
I ______ ______ in this school ______ three years.
24.她去了北京,现在还没回来。
She ______ ______ ______ Beijing and she hasn't come back yet.
25.你曾经看过这部电影吗?
______ you ______ ______ this movie?
26.我还没有完成我的项目。
I ______ ______ my project ______.
27.我过去害怕黑暗,但现在不了。
I ______ ______ ______ afraid of the dark, but now I'm not.
28.他不习惯这么晚睡觉。
He isn't ______ ______ ______ ______ so late.
29.你过去住在哪里?
Where ______ you ______ ______ live?
30.他习惯了在嘈杂的环境中工作。
He is ______ ______ ______ in a noisy environment.
31.这把刀是用来切水果的。
This knife ______ ______ ______ ______ fruit.
32.你不习惯这里的天气吗?
______ you ______ ______ the weather here?
四、按要求完成句子。
33.He used to get up late.(改为否定句)
He ______ ______ ______ get up late.
34.She used to live in London.(改为一般疑问句)
______ she ______ ______ live in London?
35.I am used to getting up early.(改为一般疑问句,注意人称转换)
______ you ______ ______ getting up early?
36.She used to be shy.(改为同义句,用一般现在时和now)
She ______ shy ______.
37.I have already finished my homework.(改为否定句)
I ______ ______ my homework ______.
38.She has lived here since 2020.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ has she lived here?
39.They visited the museum last week.(用already改写)
They ______ already ______ the museum.
40.My sister has lost her keys.(改为一般疑问句)
______ your sister ______ her keys?
$
Unit 1 The Changing World 重点语法知识讲练
一般过去时和现在完成时用法对比
used to的用法
目录
· 单元重点语法知识讲解
对比一般过去时和现在完成时的用法差异。
详细讲解结构“used to”的用法
· 单元重点语法知识练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固语法知识,加深对以上知识的记忆和理解。
单元重点语法知识讲解
一、一般过去时和现在完成时的用法对比
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 两种时态的基本用法对比
时态
用法
例句
一般过去时
①表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
I visited my grandparents yesterday. 我昨天去看望了我的祖父母。
She was a teacher five years ago. 五年前她是一名老师。
We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候经常一起玩。
现在完成时
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
②表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去。
I have visited Beijing. 我去过北京。(强调现在知道北京是什么样,有去过的经历)
She has been a teacher for five years. 她已经当了五年老师了。(五年前开始当老师,现在还是老师)
We have played together many times. 我们已经一起玩过很多次了。(强调到目前为止的次数)
2. 两种时态的构成方式和句式结构对比
(1)一般过去时的句式结构
① 谓语动词为be动词(was / were)
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + was/were + 表语。
I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
否定句
主语 + was/were + not + 表语。
(wasn't / weren't)
They weren't busy last night. 他们昨晚不忙。
一般疑问句
Was/Were + 主语 + 表语?
Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
Was she a teacher three years ago? 三年前她是老师吗?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 表语?
Where were you just now? 你刚才在哪儿?
②谓语动词为行为动词(动词过去式)
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。
He watched TV last night. 他昨晚看了电视。
否定句
主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形。
She didn't go to school yesterday. 她昨天没去上学。
一般疑问句
Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Did you see the film? 你看那部电影了吗?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形?
What did he buy? 他买了什么?
(2)现在完成时的句式结构
句式
结构
例句(中英对照)
肯定句
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。
I have finished my homework. 我已经完成了作业。
否定句
主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词。
(haven't / hasn't)
She hasn't seen this film. 她还没看过这部电影。
一般疑问句
Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.
Have you been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词?
Where has he gone? 他去哪儿了?
3. 两种时态的时间状语对比
时态
时间状语
例句
一般过去时
明确的过去时间,这些时间状语都指向一个已经结束的过去时间点或时间段。
yesterday,yesterday morning / afternoon/evening,
last night/week/month/year, two days ago, in May,
three years ago, in 2015, just now、at that time,
when I was young
I met him yesterday. 我昨天遇见了他。
She left just now. 她刚才离开了。
We moved to this city in 2010. 我们在2010年搬到了这个城市。
现在完成时
现在完成时不能与表示明确过去时间的状语连用,常和表示“至今”概念的时间状语连用:
already,yet,just,ever,never,so far / up to now,
recently / lately,in the past few years,
since + 过去时间点/从句,for + 时间段,
twice, three times, several times
I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。
She hasn't come yet. 她还没有来。
Have you ever visited the museum? 你曾经参观过那个博物馆吗?
I have never been abroad. 我从未出过国。
We have learned 1,000 words so far. 到目前为止我们已经学了1000个单词。
He has lived here since 2018. 他从2018年起就住在这里了。
She has worked here for three years. 她已经在这里工作三年了。
二、“used to”的用法
1. used to是一个固定结构,表示"过去常常"或"过去曾经",用来描述在过去某个时间段内经常发生的动作或存在的状态,但现在已经不再发生或不再存在。
used to没有人称和数的变化,后面接动词原形。
I used to get up late. 我过去常常起床很晚。(暗示现在不晚起了)
She used to be a teacher. 她过去是一名老师。(暗示现在不是老师了)
2. used to的构成与句式变化
(1)肯定句式:主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他成分.
I used to eat a lot of sweets. 我过去常吃很多糖果。
She used to go swimming every Sunday. 她过去每个星期天都去游泳。
We used to have a dog. 我们过去养过一只狗。
He used to be very shy. 他过去非常害羞。
My father used to smoke. 我父亲过去抽烟。
(2)否定句式:
used to的否定有两种形式。
① 主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形
I didn't use to like vegetables. 我过去不喜欢蔬菜。
She didn't use to wear glasses. 她过去不戴眼镜。
They didn't use to eat meat. 他们过去不吃肉。
② 主语 + usedn't to + 动词原形
I usedn't to like vegetables. 我过去不喜欢蔬菜。
He usedn't to be so tall. 他过去没那么高。
(3)一般疑问句式:
Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形?
回答时:Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Did you use to play football? 你过去踢足球吗?
Did she use to live here? 她过去住在这里吗?
Did they use to be good friends? 他们过去是好朋友吗?
3. used to与一般过去时的区别
used to强调"过去如此,现在已不如此",含有明显的今昔对比含义;一般过去时只陈述过去发生的事实,不涉及现在的对比。
I used to live in London.(暗示现在不在伦敦)
I lived in London for two years.(只陈述过去在伦敦住过两年,现在可能在也可能不在)
She used to be a nurse.(暗示现在不是护士了)
She was a nurse.(只陈述她过去是护士,现在情况未知)
4. used to与be/get used to的区别
对比总结表:
结构
含义
to的性质
后面接
used to do
过去常常做(现在不做了)
不定式符号
动词原形
be used to doing
习惯于做
介词
动名词/名词/代词
be used to do
被用来做
不定式符号(被动)
动词原形
注意: get used to表示"逐渐习惯"的过程,后也接动名词/名词。
I am used to getting up at 6:00. 我习惯六点起床。
She is used to living in the countryside. 她习惯了住在乡下。
You will get used to the new school soon. 你很快会适应新学校的。
I'm getting used to getting up early. 我正在逐渐习惯早起。
Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。
This knife is used to cut fruits. 这把刀被用来切水果。
The room is used to store books. 这个房间被用来存放书籍。
单元重点语法知识练习
一、单项选择。
1.My father ______ in this factory since 2015.
A.works B.worked C.has worked D.will work
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我父亲从2015年起就在这家工厂工作。
works一般现在时;worked一般过去时;has worked现在完成时;will work一般将来时。句中有since + 时间点(2015),表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作,应用现在完成时has worked。故正确答案为C。
2.—Where is your uncle?
—He ______ Beijing. He ______ there three days ago.
A.has been to; went B.has gone to; went
C.has been to; has gone D.has gone to; has gone
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你叔叔在哪里?——他已经去北京了。他是三天前去那里的。
has been to表示“去过(已回来)”;has gone to表示“去了(未回来)”;went为一般过去时;has gone为现在完成时。问“在哪里”,说明人不在这里,应用has gone to表示“去了”;第二句有具体过去时间three days ago,用一般过去时went。故正确答案为B。
3.I ______ this book for two weeks. I ______ it from the library last week.
A.have bought; borrowed B.have had; borrowed
C.bought; have borrowed D.have had; have borrowed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这本书我已经借了两周了。我上周从图书馆借的。
have bought/have had是现在完成时,bought/had是过去式,borrowed是过去式。第一句有for two weeks(时间段),buy为短暂性动词不能与时间段连用,需用延续性动词have,因此填have had;第二句有last week,用一般过去时borrowed。故正确答案为B。
4.She ______ her keys. She can't find them anywhere.
A.loses B.has lost C.lost D.will lose
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她弄丢了她的钥匙。她哪儿都找不到它们。
loses一般现在时;has lost现在完成时;lost一般过去时;will lose一般将来时。后句“找不到钥匙”是现在的结果,说明前句动作对现在有影响,用现在完成时has lost强调“已经丢了,现在没有钥匙”。故正确答案为B。
5.—______ you ever ______ to the Great Wall?
—Yes, I ______ there last year.
A.Have; been; went B.Did; go; have been
C.Have; gone; went D.Did; went; went
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你曾经去过长城吗?——是的,我去年去过那里。
Have...been表示“去过(询问经历)”;Did...go是一般过去时疑问形式;Have...gone表示“去了”。第一句问“是否有过经历”,用Have you ever been to;第二句有具体过去时间last year,回答应用一般过去时went。故正确答案为A。
6.—______ have you been in Nanjing?
—For about five years.
A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你来南京多久了?——大约五年了。
How long问时间段;How soon问“多久以后”;How often问频率;How far问距离。答语“For about five years”表示一段时间,应用How long提问。故正确答案为A。
7.It ______ three years since we ______ each other.
A.is; have met B.has been; met C.was; met D.is; meet
【答案】B
【详解】句意:自从我们相遇以来已经有三年了。
It is/has been...since...为固定句型,since从句用一般过去时。本句表示“从过去某一时间点到现在已有多久”,主句可用is或has been,从句必须用一般过去时met。故正确答案为B。
8.My brother ______ in the army for three years. He ______ the army in 2020.
A.has joined; joined B.has been; has joined
C.has been; joined D.joined; joined
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的哥哥参军三年了。他2020年参军的。
has joined现在完成时,但join为短暂性动词不能与时间段连用;has been现在完成时可表示状态;joined一般过去时。第一句有for three years,需用延续性动词的现在完成时,has been in表示“在……中”;第二句有具体过去时间in 2020,用一般过去时joined。故正确答案为C。
9.—Who ______ the classroom just now?
—I don't know. But it ______ already.
A.cleaned; has cleaned B.cleaned; has been cleaned
C.has cleaned; has been cleaned D.has cleaned; cleaned
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——刚才谁打扫了教室?——我不知道。但它已经被打扫了。
cleaned一般过去时;has cleaned现在完成时主动式;has been cleaned现在完成时被动式。第一句有just now(刚才),用一般过去时cleaned;第二句强调“现在已经被打扫干净了”,且it与clean为被动关系,用现在完成时的被动语态has been cleaned。故正确答案为B。
10.—______ you ______ your breakfast yet?
—Yes, I ______ it at 7:00.
A.Did; have; have B.Have; had; had
C.Have; had; have D.Did; have; have had
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你吃早饭了吗?——是的,我七点吃的。
Have...had是现在完成时疑问式;had为一般过去时。第一句有yet(已经),应用现在完成时Have you had;第二句有具体时间at 7:00,回答用一般过去时had。故正确答案为B。
11.My grandmother ______ take a walk after dinner, but now she ______ staying at home.
A.used to; is used to B.used to; used to
C.was used to; is used to D.is used to; used to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的奶奶过去常在晚饭后散步,但现在她习惯待在家里。
used to + 动词原形表示"过去常常";be used to + doing表示"习惯做某事"。第一空后接动词原形take,表示"过去常常散步",用used to;第二空后接staying,表示"习惯待在家里",用is used to。故正确答案为A。
12.He ______ late for school, but now he ______ early.
A.used to be; gets up B.used to; gets up
C.used to be; used to get up D.was used to; gets up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他过去上学经常迟到,但现在他起得很早。
used to be表示"过去是……(现在不是)";used to后接动词原形;get up是动词短语。第一空后为形容词late,前面需加be动词,故用used to be;第二空有now和early,表示现在习惯,用一般现在时gets up。故正确答案为A。
13.—Did your father ______ smoke?
—Yes, but he ______ smoking last year.
A.used to; stopped B.use to; stops
C.use to; stopped D.used to; stops
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你爸爸过去抽烟吗?——是的,但他去年戒烟了。
Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形为疑问式;stopped为一般过去时。疑问句中用了Did,后面接动词原形use to,不能接used to;第二句有last year,用一般过去时stopped。故正确答案为C。
14.She ______ be shy but now she isn't.
A.used to B.was used to C.used D.is used to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她以前很害羞但现在不这样了。
used to + 动词原形表示"过去常常";was used to + doing表示"习惯于";used为动词use的过去式。空后为动词原形be,表示过去的状态(害羞)但现在不这样,用used to be,但选项中没有used to be,此处used to后接be,故A正确。故正确答案为A。
15.The knife ______ cut bread.
A.used to B.is used to C.is used for D.used
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这把刀被用来切面包。
used to表示"过去常常";is used to do表示"被用来做某事"(被动语态);is used for + doing也表示"被用来做某事";used为use的过去式。主语The knife与cut之间为被动关系(刀被用来切),应用被动语态be used to do,后面接动词原形cut。故正确答案为B。
二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
16.I ______ (finish) my homework already. I ______ (finish) it at 8:00 last night.
【答案】have finished; finished
【详解】句意:我已经完成了作业。我昨晚八点完成的。finish为动词,在句中作谓语。第一句有already标志词,表示动作已完成且对现在有影响,用现在完成时have finished;第二句有明确过去时间last night,用一般过去时finished。故填have finished; finished。
17.My mother ______ (work) in this hospital since she ______ (come) to this city.
【答案】has worked; came
【详解】句意:自从来到这座城市,我妈妈就在这家医院工作。work和come为动词,作谓语。since引导的时间状语从句中,主句用现在完成时has worked(表示从过去持续到现在的动作),从句用一般过去时came。故填has worked; came。
18.—______ you ever ______ (be) to the Great Wall?
—Yes, I ______ (go) there with my parents last summer.
【答案】Have; been; went
【详解】句意:——你曾去过长城吗?——是的,我去年夏天和我父母去的。be和go为动词。问句询问“是否曾经去过某地(有过的经历)”,用Have you ever been to;第二句有具体过去时间last summer,用一般过去时went。故填Have; been; went。
19.My brother ______ (use) to play computer games a lot, but now he doesn't.
【答案】used
【详解】句意:我的哥哥过去经常玩电脑游戏,但现在他不玩了。use为动词,在句中作谓语。used to + 动词原形表示"过去常常",主语My brother为第三人称单数,但used to不随人称变化,故填used。故填used。
20.He didn't ______ (use) to get up late when he was a student.
【答案】use
【详解】句意:他当学生时过去不常晚起。use为动词。否定句用了didn't,后面接动词原形,故用use而不能用used。故填use。
21.I am not used to ______ (get) up early, but I'm trying my best.
【答案】getting
【详解】句意:我不习惯早起,但我正在尽最大努力。get为动词,在句中作介词to的宾语。be used to中的to为介词,后面接动名词作宾语,故get需变为getting。故填getting。
22.The wood is used to ______ (make) paper.
【答案】make
【详解】句意:木材被用来造纸。make为动词。be used to do表示"被用来做某事",to为不定式符号,后面接动词原形make。注意不要与be used to doing(习惯做某事)混淆。故填make。
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
23.我已经在这所学校学习了三年。
I ______ ______ in this school ______ three years.
【答案】have studied; for
【详解】句意对照:中文“已经……三年了”表示从过去持续到现在的动作。关键词“已经……三年了”对应现在完成时 + for + 时间段。表示“学习”且持续了一段时间,用现在完成时have studied;“三年”为时间段,用介词for引出。故填have studied; for。
24.她去了北京,现在还没回来。
She ______ ______ ______ Beijing and she hasn't come back yet.
【答案】has gone to
【详解】句意对照:中文“去了……还没回来”表示去了某地且未返回。关键词“去了(未回来)”对应英文have gone to。has gone to表示“去了某地,现在不在这里”,符合“还没回来”的语境。故填has gone to。
25.你曾经看过这部电影吗?
______ you ______ ______ this movie?
【答案】Have; ever seen
【详解】句意对照:中文“曾经看过”询问是否有过经历。关键词“曾经”对应英文ever;“看过”对应英文seen。询问“是否曾有过某种经历”,用现在完成时的一般疑问句,结构为Have + 主语 + ever + 过去分词。故填Have; ever seen。
26.我还没有完成我的项目。
I ______ ______ my project ______.
【答案】haven't finished; yet
【详解】句意对照:中文“还没有……”表示否定意义且强调至今未完成。关键词“还没有”对应英文“not...yet”。现在完成时的否定句用haven't/hasn't + 过去分词,否定句中用yet表示“还(没有)”,放在句末。主语为I,助动词用haven't。故填haven't finished; yet。
27.我过去害怕黑暗,但现在不了。
I ______ ______ ______ afraid of the dark, but now I'm not.
【答案】used to be
【详解】句意对照:中文"过去害怕"表示过去的状态,英文用used to。关键词"过去常常/曾经"对应英文"used to";"害怕"对应"be afraid of"。表示"过去是……(现在不是)"用used to be,后接形容词afraid作表语。故填used to be。
28.他不习惯这么晚睡觉。
He isn't ______ ______ ______ ______ so late.
【答案】used to going to bed
【详解】句意对照:中文"不习惯做某事"对应英文"isn't used to doing"。关键词"习惯"对应"be used to";"睡觉"对应"going to bed"。be used to中的to为介词,后接动名词going to bed,主语He为单数,系动词用isn't。故填used to going to bed。
29.你过去住在哪里?
Where ______ you ______ ______ live?
【答案】did; use to
【详解】句意对照:中文"你过去住在哪里"询问过去的住处。关键词"过去"对应英文"used to";"住在哪里"对应"Where...live"。疑问句需用Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形,主语为you,用did,后面接use to。故填did; use to。
30.他习惯了在嘈杂的环境中工作。
He is ______ ______ ______ in a noisy environment.
【答案】used to working
【详解】句意对照:中文"习惯了做某事"对应"be used to doing"。关键词"习惯于"对应"be used to";"工作"对应"working"。be used to中的to为介词,后接动名词working,表示"习惯于工作"。故填used to working。
31.这把刀是用来切水果的。
This knife ______ ______ ______ ______ fruit.
【答案】is used to cut
【详解】句意对照:中文"被用来做某事"对应被动结构"be used to do"。关键词"被用来"对应"be used to";"切水果"对应"cut fruit"。be used to do为被动语态,意为"被用来做某事",主语This knife为单数,系动词用is,后接不定式to cut。故填is used to cut。
32.你不习惯这里的天气吗?
______ you ______ ______ the weather here?
【答案】Are; used to
【详解】句意对照:中文"习惯"对应"be used to"。关键词"习惯"对应"be used to";"天气"对应"the weather"。问句为一般疑问句,"你是否习惯"用Are you used to...,to为介词,后接名词the weather。故填Are; used to。
四、按要求完成句子。
33.He used to get up late.(改为否定句)
He ______ ______ ______ get up late.
【答案】didn't use to
【详解】原句意为“他过去常晚起。”改为否定句借助助动词didn't,后接use to。故填didn't use to。
34.She used to live in London.(改为一般疑问句)
______ she ______ ______ live in London?
【答案】Did; use to
【详解】原句意为"她过去住在伦敦。" 改为一般疑问句借助助动词Did,后接use to;故填Did; use to。
35.I am used to getting up early.(改为一般疑问句,注意人称转换)
______ you ______ ______ getting up early?
【答案】Are; used to
【详解】原句意为"我习惯早起。" 将第一人称I改为第二人称you,系动词am改为are,置于句首,其余部分不变,即Are you used to getting up early?。故填Are; used to。
36.She used to be shy.(改为同义句,用一般现在时和now)
She ______ shy ______.
【答案】isn't; now
【详解】原句意为"她过去害羞。" used to表示"过去是,现在不是",改为同义句需用一般现在时的否定形式表示"现在不害羞了",即She isn't shy now。故填isn't; now。
37.I have already finished my homework.(改为否定句)
I ______ ______ my homework ______.
【答案】haven't finished; yet
【详解】原句意为“我已经完成了我的作业。”改为否定句时,需将already改为yet,且将have改为haven't。否定句结构为主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + yet。故填haven't finished; yet。
38.She has lived here since 2020.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ has she lived here?
【答案】How long
【详解】原句意为“她从2020年起就住在这里。”画线部分since 2020表示时间段,对时间段提问用How long,疑问句结构为How long + 助动词 + 主语 + 过去分词?故填How long。
39.They visited the museum last week.(用already改写)
They ______ already ______ the museum.
【答案】have; visited
【详解】原句意为“他们上周参观了博物馆。”用already改写需用现在完成时,表示“已经参观过”,强调对现在的影响(已经去过那个博物馆)。主语they为复数,助动词用have,过去分词为visited。故填have; visited。
40.My sister has lost her keys.(改为一般疑问句)
______ your sister ______ her keys?
【答案】Has; lost
【详解】原句意为“我姐姐弄丢了她的钥匙。”改为一般疑问句时,将助动词has提到主语前,过去分词lost保持不变。结构为Has + 主语 + 过去分词?故填Has; lost。
$