2027届高三英语二轮复习专项 阅读理解D篇议论文（一）

**基本信息** 聚焦高考议论文阅读高频题型，以社会热点话题为载体，系统提炼细节定位、语境猜词、态度推理、主旨归纳四大解题方法，构建“话题-题型-方法”三维训练体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解题|4题（如Passage1第1题）|定位原文关键句，比对选项与原文信息|依托议论文事实论据，培养精准获取信息能力| |词义猜测题|4题（如Passage2第2题）|分析上下文语境，通过逻辑关系推断词义|基于语篇连贯原则，提升语言理解能力| |推理判断题|4题（如Passage3第3题）|梳理作者观点及论证逻辑，排除极端表述|紧扣议论文辩证结构，发展批判性思维| |主旨大意题|4题（如Passage4第4题）|抓首尾段及过渡句，归纳核心论点|遵循“提出问题-分析论证-总结观点”逻辑，强化整体语篇意识|

高三 二轮复习专项｜阅读理解D篇·议论文 Passage 1（外刊改编｜算法碎片化信息与专注力危机） Passage 2（外刊改编｜二手循环消费的思辨） Passage 3（外刊改编｜户外自然环境与心理健康） Passage 4（外刊改编｜居家远程办公的利弊思辨） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Passage 1（外刊改编｜算法碎片化信息与专注力危机） Most of us spend hours every day scrolling through short‑form content recommended by online algorithms. Platforms are designed to seize our attention continuously, and many people regard such endless browsing as an effective way to kill spare time. Yet psychologists warn that this seemingly harmless daily habit is slowly reshaping human attention patterns, with far‑reaching consequences. Algorithms work by calculating users’ preferences and serving similar content non‑stop. Within seconds, viewers receive funny, striking or emotional information. Over time, the brain grows accustomed to rapid stimulation. Long‑form articles, complex books and deep conversations gradually feel boring and exhausting. Researchers have observed a steady drop in sustained attention among young adults over the past decade. Still, public opinion remains divided. Some experts argue that people are fully capable of self‑control and can set screen time limits on their own. Blaming digital platforms alone ignores personal responsibility. However, supporters of stricter digital regulation point out one vital difference. Unlike traditional media, algorithm‑driven social platforms are programmed to avoid self‑restraint. Their business model depends entirely on lengthening users’ online time. Individual willpower is no match against professionally designed attention‑grabbing systems. It is unfair to place the whole burden of attention protection on ordinary users. The author does not advocate a complete ban on social media. Instead, he appeals for balanced solutions. Tech companies, regulators and citizens should cooperate to defend our ability for deep focus, a precious mental resource that cannot be easily replaced. 1. What do some experts believe according to Paragraph 2? A. Young people’s attention cannot be recovered at all. B. Individuals themselves should take charge of screen usage. C. Governments must carry out strict rules over social platforms. D. Complex reading should be removed from daily education. 2. The underlined phrase “no match against” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. cannot defeat B. is equal to C. can resist D. is beneficial to 3. What is the author’s attitude towards short‑video platforms? A. Fully supportive B. Strongly disapproving C. Objective and reasonable D. Doubtless and uncaring 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. How Algorithms Change Human Attention B. Ways to Improve Teenagers’ Learning Efficiency C. The Rapid Development of Online Business D. Self‑control: the key to Online Safety Passage 2（外刊改编｜二手循环消费的思辨） The rise of second‑hand shopping has aroused heated public debate in recent years. From second‑hand clothing to used electronic equipment, online resale markets are booming among younger generations. Many consumers choose second‑hand goods for lower prices, while environmental activists praise second‑hand consumption as an easy way to cut waste and achieve sustainable lifestyles. Nevertheless, critics remind the public not to overstate its environmental value. Advocates of the second‑hand economy hold that extending product life reduces manufacturing demand. Every reused jacket or mobile phone means fewer raw materials and less industrial pollution. Buying pre‑owned goods also helps low‑income groups gain access to quality items they could hardly afford brand‑new. Opponents argue that the popular resale trend may produce unexpected side‑effects. Cheap second‑hand items encourage people to buy more products in total. Some shoppers purchase second‑hand clothes they never really need. Furthermore, cross‑regional delivery creates carbon emissions from transportation. In this case, second‑hand shopping fails to reduce overall consumption, and cannot completely solve waste problems. Rather than rejecting second‑hand trade, the essay argues that people must distinguish “reuse” from blind over‑shopping. The real goal of sustainable consumption is not merely buying used goods, but forming the habit of buying less. Only thoughtful consumption can truly lower our pressure on the planet. 1. Why do many young people prefer second‑hand goods? A. To follow the fashion trend blindly. B. To save money while shopping. C. To stop global industrial pollution. D. To gain higher social status. 2. What does the word “overstate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. evaluate too highly B. ignore completely C. examine carefully D. record publicly 3. What can we infer from the critics’ opinion? A. Second‑hand markets should be banned immediately. B. Low‑income citizens cannot benefit from resale platforms. C. Buying second‑hand products may not always be eco‑friendly. D. Transportation emissions can be avoided in second‑hand trade. 4. What is the core opinion of the passage? A. Second‑hand markets will replace traditional shopping soon. B. Sustainable consumption lies in rational shopping habits. C. Governments should forbid cross‑border second‑hand delivery. D. People should purchase brand‑new high‑quality products. Passage 3（外刊改编｜户外自然环境与心理健康） Modern medical research has confirmed the mental benefits of wild nature. City planners worldwide are adding urban parks, community gardens and forest trails to public facilities, hoping that contact with nature can relieve public anxiety. Though natural surroundings can improve mental state, we should avoid regarding outdoor nature as a universal cure for mental health troubles. Many studies record positive changes when anxious people spend time in forests or along rivers. Fresh air, soft light and natural sounds calm our nervous system. Compared with crowded city streets, wild environments reduce mental tiredness rapidly. For this reason, public welfare campaigns often encourage citizens, especially overworked office workers, to take outdoor breaks regularly. However, some psychologists warn against oversimplification. Nature cannot remove deep‑rooted mental pain caused by long‑term poverty, workplace pressure and social loneliness. If people believe a weekend hike is enough to settle serious anxiety, they may ignore necessary professional medical support. The so‑called “nature therapy” becomes an easy excuse to avoid solving real social problems. The writer suggests that outdoor activities remain valuable. Natural landscapes serve as helpful comfort instead of a final solution. Governments still need to improve working conditions, public medical resources and social welfare. Only joint efforts, rather than simple walks in the park, can truly deal with widespread mental pressure in modern society. 1. What is the purpose of building more urban green spaces according to the first paragraph? A. To increase local tourism income. B. To help citizens ease mental anxiety. C. To protect local wildlife species. D. To reduce city housing pressure. 2. The underlined word “universal cure” in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A. a perfect solution for all problems B. a drug produced in hospitals C. a popular activity among tourists D. a secret method kept by experts 3. What risk may appear if people overestimate nature’s power? A. They will refuse all kinds of outdoor sports. B. They may overlook professional mental treatment. C. Public parks will receive fewer visitors. D. Governments will stop building green facilities. 4. What message does the author mainly convey? A. Urban parks cannot satisfy modern citizens’ needs. B. Mental problems are mainly caused by outdoor shortage. C. Nature helps mental health but is far from enough. D. Working pressure should be removed completely. Passage 4（外刊改编｜居家远程办公的利弊思辨） Since the widespread rise of remote work, debates over home‑based employment have never stopped. Millions of employees work from home several days each week, supported by video meetings and cloud office software. Remote work cuts daily travelling time and offers greater personal freedom, which wins praise from most young workers. Yet experts are discovering hidden costs behind its advantages. Remote workers save hours of daily travel and arrange their timetable more flexibly. Parents can balance career and family care better. Companies save expenses on large downtown office buildings. From this angle, home office seems to be a win‑win pattern for employers and staff. Nevertheless, long‑term remote work creates invisible challenges. The boundary between work and private life gradually disappears. Many remote employees receive work messages late at night and hardly get real rest. Without face‑to‑face communication, teamwork may suffer. New‑comers lose chances to learn skills from experienced colleagues in daily office communication. Some workers even report increased loneliness. The author holds that fully remote work and traditional five‑day office work both have clear drawbacks. The promising choice lies in hybrid working systems. Companies can set suitable rules to separate working hours from personal life, and keep regular in‑person meetings. Flexible office schedules, rather than total home work, can best serve the interests of workers and businesses. 1. What benefit can remote work bring to employees? A. Higher payment from employers. B. Less time spent on daily commuting. C. Better chances of getting promotion. D. Richer face‑to‑face social activities. 2. What does the underlined word “hybrid” in the last paragraph mean? A. fully‑online B. totally offline C. mixed‑mode D. money‑saving 3. What problem may long‑time remote work cause? A. Workers can clearly tell work apart from private life. B. New staff may miss on‑the‑job learning opportunities. C. Companies have to spend more money on office buildings. D. Employees will finish their tasks much faster. 4. Which statement agrees with the author’s opinion? A. Traditional office work should be abandoned completely. B. Pure remote work is the best working pattern in future. C. A combined working model is relatively ideal. D. Companies should forbid any form of home office. 参考答案与解析 Passage 1 1. B 细节理解题 解析：定位原文第二段 “Some experts argue that people are fully capable of self‑control and can set screen time limits on their own.”。部分专家认为个人应当管控自己使用电子屏幕的行为，承担自我管理的责任。A文中无信息；C是监管支持者的观点；D原文并未提及教育改革。 2. A 词义猜测题 解析：语境：个体意志力抵挡不住精心设计的抢夺注意力的算法系统。cannot defeat（无法战胜）与短语语义一致。is equal to（等同于）；can resist（能够抵抗）；is beneficial to（有益于）均不符合上下文逻辑。 3. C 推理判断题（作者态度） 解析：作者并不支持一刀切式封禁社交媒体，倡导多方协同、平衡管控，体现出客观中立、理性看待问题的态度。fully supportive（完全支持）；strongly disapproving（强烈反对）；doubtless and uncaring（漠不关心）错误。 4. A 主旨大意题 解析：文章围绕算法如何重塑人类专注力展开辩证讨论，分析利弊并提出解决方案。B、C、D均为局部信息，并非全文中心论点。 Passage 2 1. B 细节理解题 解析：定位第一段“Many consumers choose second‑hand goods for lower prices”，消费者选购二手商品，首要原因是省钱。A盲目跟风文中未提；C环保是环保人士的观点，并非年轻人消费动机；D提升社会地位无依据。 2. A 词义猜测题 解析：上下文：二手消费确实环保，但批评者提醒大众不要高估它的环保价值。evaluate too highly（过高评判）对应overstate。ignore completely（完全忽视）；examine carefully（仔细检查）；record publicly（公开记录）排除。 3. C 推理判断题 解析：根据第三段，大量低价二手商品刺激人们过度消费，运输也会产生碳排放。由此可以推出，二手消费并不一定能够实现环保，其实际成效会受到过量消费、物流碳排放等因素制约。A立即禁止二手市场，表述极端；B低收入群体能够受益，与原文相悖；D运输排放无法规避。 4. B 主旨大意题 解析：文末点明核心：可持续消费不在于购买二手物品本身，而在于养成理性克制的消费习惯。A二手市场将取代传统购物，原文无判断；C、D均属于曲解作者观点。 Passage 3 1. B 细节理解题 解析：原文第一段“hoping that contact with nature can relieve public anxiety”，城市修建更多绿地，目的是缓解市民的心理焦虑。旅游收入、保护野生动物、缓解住房压力，文中均没有提及。 2. A 词义猜测题 解析：词义猜测。universal cure字面含义为万能解药，在文中指代一种能够解决全部心理健康难题的方案。a perfect solution for all problems（适用于一切问题的解决办法）符合语境。 3. B 推理判断题 解析：定位第三段“If people believe a weekend hike is enough to settle serious anxiety, they may ignore necessary professional medical support”，若人们夸大自然疗愈的作用，就会忽视专业的心理诊疗。其余选项与原文事实相反。 4. C 主旨大意题 解析：全文辩证论述：大自然能够舒缓心理压力，但它并非万能方案，社会多方面措施缺一不可。A、B观点片面；D“彻底消除工作压力”表述极端。 Passage 4 1. B 细节理解题 解析：第二段“Remote work cuts daily travelling time”远程办公减少通勤时间。更高薪资、晋升机会、线下社交增多，原文均没有提及。 2. C 词义猜测题 解析：后文解释，既不全天居家，也不全部线下坐班，是居家办公+到岗办公相结合的模式。mixed‑mode（混合模式）是hybrid的语境释义。fully‑online（完全线上）；totally offline（完全线下）；money‑saving（省钱的）不对。 3. B 推理判断题 解析：原文第三段“New‑comers lose chances to learn skills from experienced colleagues”，远程办公缺少线下交流场景，职场新人将失去向资深同事实操学习的机会。A与原文“工作生活边界模糊”相悖；C企业减少办公楼开支；D员工工作效率更快，文中无依据。 4. C 推理判断题 解析：根据尾段“The promising choice lies in hybrid working systems”，作者认为混合办公模式是相对理想的方案。A全盘抛弃传统办公、B纯居家最优、D禁止居家办公，均和作者观点冲突。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $