Unit 6 Hitting the road.语法精讲精练 2026-2027学年外研版英语七年级下册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦外研版七下Unit 6比较等级语法，系统梳理特殊句型与三级同义转换核心内容，涵盖同级比较、“越……越……”“越来越……”、one of the最高级等六大句型及原级、比较级、最高级的相互改写，搭建从句型结构解析到同义转换应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“句型分类+转换主线”构建知识体系，以“易错警示”标注关键错误（如as...as中间用原级），“三级同义转换总图”直观呈现同一含义的不同表达，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。配套单选、填空、句型转换三类分层练习，答案解析详尽，适配不同学习水平，既方便学生自主巩固，也为教师精准教学提供实用工具。

外研版 七下 Unit 6 Hitting the road.语法精讲精练 —— 比较等级特殊句型与三级同义转换 —— 使用说明 掌握比较等级的构成之后，中考进一步考查其「特殊句型」与「同义转换」：同级比较 as...as、「越……越……」「越来越……」、one of the + 最高级、选择疑问句、最高级 + 定语从句，以及原级、比较级、最高级三种形式表达同一含义的相互改写。本讲集中突破这六大特殊句型，并以三级同义转换为主线串联，是单项选择、句型转换与书面表达提分的关键，配套三类分层练习，答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、六大特殊句型总览 类别 句型 含义 同级比较 as + 原级 + as；not as/so + 原级 + as 和……一样……；不如…… 比较级句型① the + 比较级…, the + 比较级… 越……，就越…… 比较级句型② 比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越…… 最高级句型① one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 最……之一 最高级句型② Who/Which ..., A, B or C?（选择疑问） 在多个对象中选「最」 最高级句型③ the + 最高级 + (that) 定语从句（I have ever...） 最……的（曾经……的） 二、同级比较：as...as 与 not as/so...as 1. 肯定式「as + 形容词/副词原级 + as」表示两者程度相同，意为「和……一样……」。 You're as careful as my sister. 你和我姐姐一样细心。 She runs as fast as her brother. 她跑得和她哥哥一样快。 2. 否定式「not as/so + 原级 + as」表示「不如……；不像……那样……」。 I'm not so/as careful as you two. 我不像你们两个那么细心。 【易错警示】as...as 中间一律用原级，不能用比较级：×He is as taller as me. → √He is as tall as me. 关键：同级否定 = 比较级（同义转换） 「A + not as/so + 原级 + as + B」表达的正是比较级的意义，可与比较级互换，注意比较对象要对调、形容词可能要换成反义词。 同级否定句 比较级同义句 This building isn't as/so high as that one. 这栋楼不如那栋高。 That building is higher than this one. 那栋楼比这栋高。 Tom isn't as/so tall as Mike. 汤姆不如迈克高。 Mike is taller than Tom. / Tom is shorter than Mike. 三、比较级句型①：the + 比较级…, the + 比较级… 意为「越……，就越……」，前半句是条件，后半句是结果，两个 the 都不能丢，前后都用「the + 比较级」开头。 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越用功，进步就越大。 The more you read, the more you know. 你读得越多，知道得就越多。 【注】前半句通常用一般现在时表将来（不能用将来时），后半句根据需要可用一般将来时：The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 四、比较级句型②：比较级 + and + 比较级 意为「越来越……」，表示程度的持续变化。单音节/部分双音节词重叠比较级；多音节词用「more and more + 原级」。 Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 我们的国家正变得越来越强大。 Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越美丽。 【易错警示】多音节词不能说 *more beautiful and more beautiful，应为 more and more beautiful；单音节词不能说 *more and more strong，应为 stronger and stronger。 五、最高级句型①：one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 表示「最……之一」。三大要点：①最高级前有 the；②后面的名词必须用复数；③整体作主语时谓语用单数。 Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world. 上海是世界上最大的城市之一。 The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 【易错警示】「one of the + 最高级」后必须是复数名词：×one of the largest city → √one of the largest cities。 六、最高级句型②：选择疑问句 用 or 连接若干选项：两者之间选择用比较级，三者或以上之间选择用最高级，回答不用 yes/no，直接选一项。 选项数量 等级 例句 两者 A or B 比较级 Which is bigger, the sun or the moon? / Who runs faster, Tom or Jack? 三者及以上 A, B or C 最高级 Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Bill? 谁个子最高？ 七、最高级句型③：the + 最高级 + 定语从句 最高级后常接 that 引导（常省略）的定语从句，从句多用现在完成时「I have ever seen/read/heard/met/watched」，意为「我曾经……过的最……的」，是书面表达高分句型。 It is the most interesting book (that) I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 She is the kindest person (that) I have ever met. 她是我见过的最善良的人。 【注】ever「曾经」与最高级连用加强语气；定语从句中 that 作宾语时可省略，但不能用 which（先行词被最高级修饰时关系代词用 that 不用 which）。 八、三级同义转换总图（核心） 同一个「最」的含义，可以用最高级、比较级、同级否定三种方式表达，这是句型转换题的命题核心。 表达级别 句型 示例（以「他是班上最高」为例） 最高级 the + 最高级 + in/of 范围 He is the tallest student in his class. 比较级表最高级 比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 He is taller than any other student in his class. 比较级表最高级 比较级 + than the other + 复数名词 He is taller than the other students in his class. 同级否定（反方向） not as/so + 原级 + as（主语对调） No other student is as/so tall as him in his class. 【易错警示】用比较级表最高级时，比较对象不能包含主语本人，必须加 other：×He is taller than any student in his class.（把自己也比了进去）→ √...than any other student...。 九、典型例题精讲 【例1】______ you work, ______ progress you will make. A. The harder; the greater B. Harder; greater C. The hard; the great D. The hardest; the greatest 【答案】A 【解析】「the + 比较级, the + 比较级」结构，两个 the 均不可省，故选 A。 【例2】Shanghai is one of ______ in the world. A. the largest city B. the largest cities C. largest cities D. largest city 【答案】B 【解析】one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数，city 用复数 cities，且最高级前有 the，故选 B。 【例3】This building isn't as high as that one.（同义转换）That building is ______ this one. A. as high as B. higher than C. the highest D. so high as 【答案】B 【解析】not as...as 表比较级意义，主语对调后应为「那栋比这栋高」higher than，故选 B。 【例4】It is ______ book I have ever read. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. most interesting 【答案】C 【解析】I have ever read 是最高级定语从句标志，用 the + 最高级 the most interesting，故选 C。 【例5】He is ______ than any other student in his class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 【答案】B 【解析】than any other + 单数名词是用比较级表达最高级含义，仍用比较级 taller，故选 B。 第二讲 综合演练 题型一 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分） 1. You're ______ careful ______ my sister. A. as; as B. so; as C. as; so D. so; so 2. This building isn't ______ as that one. A. as high B. so higher C. as higher D. so tallest 3. ______ you work, ______ progress you will make. A. The harder; the greater B. Harder; greater C. The hard; the great D. The hardest; the greatest 4. Our country is becoming ______. A. strong and strong B. stronger and stronger C. more strong D. strongest 5. Shanghai is one of ______ in the world. A. the largest city B. the largest cities C. largest cities D. largest city 6. Who is ______, Tom, Jack or Bill? A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 7. It is ______ book I have ever read. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. most interesting 8. This building isn't as high as that one. That building is ______ this one. A. as high as B. higher than C. the highest of D. so high as 9. Our city is becoming ______. A. more and more beautiful B. more beautiful and more beautiful C. beautifuler and beautifuler D. most beautiful 10. The Yangtze River is one of ______ in the world. A. the longest river B. longest river C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers 11. —Which do you like ______, tea or coffee? —Tea. A. well B. better C. best D. the best 12. The ______ you eat, the ______ you will be. A. much; fat B. more; fatter C. most; fattest D. more; fat 13. He is ______ than any other student in his class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 14. This is ______ film that I have ever seen. A. moving B. more moving C. the most moving D. most moving 15. —Which is ______, Chinese, math or English? —English, I think. A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. the most difficult 题型二 用所给词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共14分） 1. You are as ______ (careful) as your sister. 2. This building isn't as ______ (high) as that one. 3. The ______ (hard) you work, the ______ (great) progress you will make. 4. Our country is becoming ______ (strong) and ______ (strong). 5. Shanghai is one of the ______ (large) cities in the world. 6. Who is the ______ (tall), Tom, Jack or Bill? 7. It is the most ______ (interest) book I have ever read. 8. The weather gets ______ (cold) and ______ (cold) in winter. 9. She is becoming more and more ______ (beautiful). 10. He is one of the best ______ (student) in our grade. 11. Which is ______ (big), the sun or the moon? 12. The more you eat, the ______ (fat) you will be. 13. This is the ______ (good) film I have ever watched. 14. Our school is one of the ______ (beautiful) schools in our city. 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换（每小题2分，共10题） A. 根据汉语意思完成句子（1—5题，每空一词） 1. 你和我姐姐一样细心。 You are ______ careful ______ my sister. 2. 你越用功，取得的进步就越大。 The harder you work, the ______ ______ you will make. 3. 我们的国家正变得越来越强大。 Our country is becoming ______ ______ ______. 4. 上海是世界上最大的城市之一。 Shanghai is ______ ______ the ______ cities in the world. 5. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 This is the ______ ______ book I have ever read. B. 句型转换（6—10题，每空一词） 6. This building isn't as high as that one.（用比较级改为同义句） That building is ______ ______ this one. 7. He is the tallest student in his class.（用 any other 改为同义句） He is ______ than ______ ______ student in his class. 8. Tom is taller than Mike.（用 not as...as 改为同义句） Mike is ______ ______ ______ Tom. 9. He runs fastest in his class.（用「比较级 + any other」改为同义句） He runs ______ than ______ ______ student in his class. 10. Chinese is more useful than any other subject.（用最高级改为同义句） Chinese is ______ ______ ______ subject of all. 答案与解析 题型一 单项选择 1. 【答案】A 【解析】肯定同级用 as...as 2. 【答案】A 【解析】not as/so + 原级 + as，用原级 high 3. 【答案】A 【解析】the + 比较级, the + 比较级 4. 【答案】B 【解析】单音节「越来越」stronger and stronger 5. 【答案】B 【解析】one of the + 最高级 + 复数 cities 6. 【答案】D 【解析】三者选择用最高级 the tallest 7. 【答案】C 【解析】I have ever read 最高级定语从句，the most interesting 8. 【答案】B 【解析】not as...as 转比较级，主语对调 higher than 9. 【答案】A 【解析】多音节「越来越」more and more beautiful 10. 【答案】C 【解析】one of the + 最高级 + 复数 rivers 11. 【答案】B 【解析】两者选择用比较级 better 12. 【答案】B 【解析】the + 比较级, the + 比较级，more/fatter 13. 【答案】B 【解析】比较级 + than any other + 单数，用比较级 14. 【答案】C 【解析】ever seen 最高级定语从句，the most moving 15. 【答案】D 【解析】三者选择、多音节，用 the most difficult 题型二 适当形式填空 1. 【答案】careful 【解析】as...as 中间用原级 2. 【答案】high 【解析】not as...as 中间用原级 3. 【答案】harder; greater 【解析】the + 比较级, the + 比较级 4. 【答案】stronger; stronger 【解析】单音节「越来越」重叠比较级 5. 【答案】largest 【解析】one of the + 最高级 6. 【答案】tallest 【解析】三者选择用最高级 7. 【答案】interesting 【解析】the most + 原级构成多音节最高级 8. 【答案】colder; colder 【解析】单音节「越来越冷」 9. 【答案】beautiful 【解析】more and more + 多音节原级 10. 【答案】students 【解析】one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 11. 【答案】bigger 【解析】两者选择用比较级，big 双写 g 12. 【答案】fatter 【解析】the + 比较级，fat 双写 t 13. 【答案】best 【解析】good 不规则最高级 best，搭配 ever watched 14. 【答案】most beautiful 【解析】one of the + 多音节最高级 most beautiful 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换 1. 【答案】as; as 【解析】同级肯定 as + 原级 + as 2. 【答案】greater progress 【解析】the + 比较级，greater progress 更大的进步 3. 【答案】stronger and stronger 【解析】单音节「越来越强大」 4. 【答案】one of; largest 【解析】one of the + 最高级 + 复数 5. 【答案】most interesting 【解析】最高级 + I have ever read 定语从句 6. 【答案】higher than 【解析】not as...as 转比较级，主语对调 7. 【答案】taller; any other 【解析】最高级转「比较级 + than any other + 单数」 8. 【答案】not as/so tall as 【解析】比较级转同级否定，主语对调，用原级 tall 9. 【答案】faster; any other 【解析】副词最高级 fastest 转 faster than any other 10. 【答案】the most useful 【解析】比较级表最高级转回 the + 最高级，of all 范围 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $