Unit 1 This is me.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

2026-09-04
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摘要:

**基本信息** 聚焦现在完成时基础核心,以“用法-构成-句式-标志词”逻辑链构建方法体系,分层练习强化语言运用与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识精讲|2大用法、4类标志词|过去分词分类记忆(规则/不规则)、标志词句式分布规律(already肯定句等)|从用法本质(影响/完成情况)到构成形式(have/has+过去分词),再到句式变化及标志词应用,形成完整认知链| |典型例题|5题|用法场景辨析(结果影响vs完成情况)、标志词位置判断|覆盖核心考法(ever/just等标志词、过去分词正确形式)及易错点(否定句yet使用)| |综合演练|3题型(49题)|句式转换技巧(否定/疑问变法)、动词适当形式填空方法|从基础变形到综合应用,分层夯实语言能力与学习策略|

内容正文:

外研版 八上 Unit 1 This is me.语法精讲精练 —— 现在完成时(一):构成、句式与标志词 —— 使用说明 现在完成时是初中英语的重点和难点,本讲为第一课时,聚焦「have/has + 过去分词」的构成、肯定/否定/疑问三大句式,以及 already、yet、just、ever(never)四个高频标志词的位置与句式分布;for/since 时间段、have been to/have gone to 等内容安排在第二课时。本讲配套三类分层练习,答案与解析统一附于文末,适合新授同步夯实。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、现在完成时的两大用法 用法1 过去动作对现在的影响或结果 表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情,其结果或影响现在仍然存在,侧重「现在怎样」。 I have read the book. 我已经读过这本书了。(现在我知道书的内容了) They have ever climbed the Great Wall. 他们曾经爬过长城。(有过这样的经历) 用法2 到目前为止的完成情况 表示到目前(说话时)为止已经完成或没有完成的事情,常与次数(once/twice/...times)等连用。 He has visited the West Lake only once. 他仅仅游览过一次西湖。(到目前为止只有一次) She has seen the film twice. 这部电影她到目前为止看过两遍。 二、现在完成时的构成:have / has + 动词过去分词 现在完成时由「助动词 have/has + 动词过去分词(past participle,缩写 p.p.)」构成。主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it/单数名词)用 has,其余人称用 have。 Tom has already invited me to his birthday party. 汤姆已经邀请我去参加他的生日派对了。 主语 助动词 谓语结构 例句 I / we / you / they / 复数 have have + p.p. I/We/They have finished. he / she / it / 单数名词 has has + p.p. He/She/Lucy has finished. (一)规则动词的过去分词:同过去式,加 -ed 规则 构成 示例(原形→过去式→过去分词) 一般情况 直接加 -ed walk→walked→walked;play→played→played 以不发音 e 结尾 只加 -d move→moved→moved;live→lived→lived 重读闭音节(辅元辅) 双写末尾辅音 + -ed stop→stopped→stopped;plan→planned→planned 辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i + -ed study→studied→studied;carry→carried→carried (二)不规则动词的过去分词:需特殊记忆(按形分类) 类型 特点 示例(原形→过去式→过去分词) AAA 型 三形相同 put→put→put;read→read→read ABA 型 原形=过去分词 become→became→become;run→ran→run; ABB 型 过去式=过去分词 buy→bought→bought;find→found→found;teach→taught→taught;make→made→made ABC 型 三形都不同 eat→ate→eaten;beat→beat→beaten;see→saw→seen;write→wrote→written;go→went→gone 【易错警示】过去分词不可写成过去式:have/has 后必须接过去分词,如 I have eaten(不是 *have ate)、She has bought(不是 *has buy)。不规则动词表要按 AAA/ABA/ABB/ABC 归类记忆。 三、现在完成时的各种句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + p.p. + 其他. She has seen the film. 她已经看过这部电影了。 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + p.p. + 其他. I haven't met him before. 我以前没见过他。(has not = hasn't) 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + p.p. + 其他? —Have you ever travelled to Shanghai? 你曾去过上海旅行吗? 简略回答 Yes, 主语 + have/has. / No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. —Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. 是的,去过。/不,没去过。 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + p.p. + 其他? How many times have you read it? 你读过几遍? 【注】缩写:have = 've(I've, they've),has = 's(he's, she's);have not = haven't,has not = hasn't。变否定在 have/has 后加 not;变一般疑问句把 have/has 提到主语前。 四、四大标志词:already / yet / just / ever(含 never) 标志词 含义 常用句式 位置 例句 already 已经 肯定句 助动词 have/has 与过去分词之间,也可句末 Many astronauts have already visited the space station. 许多宇航员已经参观过太空站。 yet 尚、还未 / 已经 否定句、疑问句 常位于句末 They haven't asked his opinions yet. 他们还没问他的意见。Have you visited it yet? just 刚刚、刚才 肯定句 have/has 与过去分词之间 My father has just bought a dictionary for me. 我爸爸刚给我买了本词典。 ever 曾经 疑问句(肯定句中少见) have/has 与过去分词之间 Have you ever read this novel? 你曾读过这本小说吗? never 从不、从未 否定句(本身否定,不再加 not) have/has 与过去分词之间 I have never seen such a film. 我从没看过这样的电影。 【易错警示】① already 一般用于肯定句,否定/疑问用 yet;already 若用于疑问句则表示「惊讶、意外」(Have you finished already? 你居然已经做完了?)。② ever 表「曾经」多用于疑问句,肯定句中表示「曾经」常用 once。③ never 本身就是否定,不能再与 not 连用。 五、典型例题精讲 【例1】—______ you ever ______ to the Great Wall? —Yes, once. A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Do; go D. Has; been 【答案】B 【解析】ever 与答语 once 表到目前为止的经历,用现在完成时;主语 you 用 have,故选 B。 【例2】My father ______ just ______ a new dictionary for me. A. have; bought B. has; bought C. has; buy D. have; buy 【答案】B 【解析】just 用于现在完成时肯定句,主语 my father 第三人称单数用 has,后接过去分词 bought,故选 B。 【例3】—Has she finished her project ______? —Not ______. A. already; yet B. yet; already C. yet; yet D. already; already 【答案】C 【解析】疑问句用 yet;Not yet 是固定简略答语「还没有」,两空都用 yet,故选 C。 【例4】I'm sorry, Mr Li. I ______ my homework at home. A. leave B. left C. have left D. leaving 【答案】C 【解析】「把作业落在家里」对现在造成影响(现在没带、无法交),用现在完成时 have left,故选 C。 【例5】Look! The rain ______. We can go out to play football now. A. stops B. stopped C. has stopped D. is stopping 【答案】C 【解析】雨已经停了,对现在的影响是「现在可以出去踢球」,强调现在的结果用现在完成时 has stopped,故选 C。 第二讲 综合演练 题型一 单项选择(每小题1分,共15分) 1. —______ you ever ______ to Beijing? —Yes, I have. A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Do; go D. Has; been 2. My father ______ just ______ a new dictionary for me. A. have; bought B. has; bought C. has; buy D. have; buy 3. —Has she finished her homework ______? —Not ______. A. already; yet B. yet; already C. yet; yet D. already; already 4. I ______ this novel twice. It is really interesting. A. read B. have read C. reads D. am reading 5. Many astronauts ______ already ______ the space station. A. have; visited B. has; visited C. have; visit D. did; visit 6. —______ Tom ever ______ Chinese dumplings? —No, never. A. Has; eaten B. Have; eaten C. Did; eat D. Does; eat 7. I'm sorry I ______ my textbook in the dormitory. A. leave B. left C. have left D. leaving 8. They ______ ever ______ the Great Wall. A. have; climbed B. has; climbed C. ever have climbed D. have; climb 9. —Would you like to see the film with us? —No, thanks. I ______ it. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see 10. My brother ______ already ______ up. You needn't wake him. A. have; got B. has; got C. has; get D. have; get 11. —Have you handed in your homework ______? —Yes, I handed it in this morning. A. already B. yet C. just D. ever 12. I ______ never ______ such a beautiful lake before. A. have; seen B. has; seen C. did; see D. /; saw 13. Look! The rain ______. We can go out for a walk now. A. stops B. stopped C. has stopped D. is stopping 14. My parents ______ just ______ back from the supermarket. A. have; come B. has; come C. have; came D. has; came 15. —______ you ever ______ a horse? —Yes, I rode one last summer. A. Did; ride B. Have; ridden C. Do; ride D. Has; ridden 题型二 过去分词变形与适当形式填空(每小题1分,共14分) A. 写出下列动词的过去分词(8分) 1. walk ______ 2. stop ______ 3. study ______ 4. buy ______ 5. eat ______ 6. come ______ 7. find ______ 8. write ______ B. 用所给动词的适当形式填空(6分) 9. I ______ already ______ (finish) my homework. 10. —______ she ever ______ (be) to Sanya? —Never. 11. My brother ______ just ______ (buy) a new mountain bike. 12. They ______ (not see) the new film yet. 13. We ______ (learn) 1,000 English words so far. 14. —______ you ______ (read) today's newspaper yet? —Yes, I have. 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换(每小题2分,共20分) A. 根据汉语意思完成句子(1—5题,每空一词) 1. 我已经读过这本书了。 I ______ ______ this book. 2. 你曾经游览过长城吗? ______ you ______ ______ the Great Wall? 3. 我爸爸刚刚给我买了一本词典。 My father ______ ______ ______ a dictionary for me. 4. 他们还没有完成这项工作。 They ______ ______ the work ______. 5. 她曾经去过上海两次。 She ______ ______ ______ Shanghai twice. B. 句型转换(6—10题,每空一词) 6. He has already seen the film.(改为否定句) He ______ ______ the film ______. 7. I have ever travelled to Xi'an.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) ______ you ______ travelled to Xi'an? —______, I ______. 8. They have already visited the space station.(改为否定句) They ______ visited the space station ______. 9. She has just bought a dictionary.(对划线部分 just bought a dictionary 提问) ______ ______ she just ______? 10. I have read the book three times.(对划线部分 three times 提问) ______ ______ ______ have you read the book? 答案与解析 题型一 单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【解析】ever/once 表经历用现在完成时,you 用 have been 2. 【答案】B 【解析】just 现在完成时肯定句,father 单数 has + bought 3. 【答案】C 【解析】疑问句用 yet;Not yet 固定答语「还没有」 4. 【答案】B 【解析】twice 到目前为止两遍,用现在完成时 have read 5. 【答案】A 【解析】already 现在完成时,astronauts 复数 have visited 6. 【答案】A 【解析】ever 疑问句,Tom 单数 has eaten 7. 【答案】C 【解析】落宿舍对现在有影响(没带),用现在完成时 have left 8. 【答案】A 【解析】ever 经历,they 复数 have climbed,ever 位于助动词后 9. 【答案】C 【解析】已看过所以不去,强调现在结果,用 have seen 10. 【答案】B 【解析】already 现在完成时,brother 单数 has got 11. 【答案】B 【解析】疑问句用 yet 12. 【答案】A 【解析】never 现在完成时,I 用 have seen 13. 【答案】C 【解析】雨停了现在能出去,强调结果 has stopped 14. 【答案】A 【解析】just 刚刚,parents 复数 have + 过去分词 come 15. 【答案】B 【解析】ever 经历疑问句,you 用 have ridden(ride 过去分词 ridden) 题型二 过去分词变形与适当形式填空 A. 过去分词 1. 【答案】walked 【解析】规则动词直接加 -ed 2. 【答案】stopped 【解析】重读闭音节双写 p 加 -ed 3. 【答案】studied 【解析】辅音+y 变 i 加 -ed 4. 【答案】bought 【解析】ABB 型 buy-bought-bought 5. 【答案】eaten 【解析】ABC 型 eat-ate-eaten 6. 【答案】come 【解析】AAA 型 come-came-come 7. 【答案】found 【解析】ABB 型 find-found-found 8. 【答案】written 【解析】ABC 型 write-wrote-written B. 适当形式填空 9. 【答案】have; finished 【解析】already 肯定句,I 用 have + 过去分词 10. 【答案】Has; been 【解析】ever 疑问句,she 单数 has,be 过去分词 been 11. 【答案】has; bought 【解析】just 肯定句,brother 单数 has bought 12. 【答案】haven't seen 【解析】yet 否定句,they 用 haven't + seen 13. 【答案】have learned/learnt 【解析】so far 到目前为止,we 用现在完成时 14. 【答案】Have; read 【解析】yet 疑问句,you 用 have,read 过去分词同形 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换 1. 【答案】have read 【解析】已经读过,I 用 have + read 过去分词 2. 【答案】Have; ever visited 【解析】ever 疑问句,have 提前 + 过去分词 visited 3. 【答案】has just bought 【解析】just 位于 has 与过去分词之间,father 单数 4. 【答案】haven't finished; yet 【解析】否定 haven't + 过去分词,yet 放句末 5. 【答案】has ever visited 【解析】ever 位于 has 与过去分词之间,she 单数 6. 【答案】hasn't seen; yet 【解析】否定句 has not=hasn't,already 变 yet 放句末 7. 【答案】Have; ever; Yes; have 【解析】一般疑问句 have 提前保留 ever;肯定回答 Yes, I have 8. 【答案】haven't; yet 【解析】否定 haven't,already 在否定句中改为 yet 9. 【答案】What has; done 【解析】对做过的动作提问用 What...do,现在完成时 What has she done 10. 【答案】How many times 【解析】对次数 three times 提问用 How many times 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 1 This is me.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册
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Unit 1 This is me.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册
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Unit 1 This is me.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册
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