Unit1 Time to Relax 语法讲义2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语讲义以动词不定式为核心，通过知识框架系统梳理其基本形式、句法作用、动词搭配、疑问词用法及考点易错点，用分类表格呈现6种句法作用（如作主语、表语等）并配典型例句，清晰展示重难点分布与内在逻辑联系。 讲义亮点在于“考点靶向训练”设计，单项选择第5题考查感官动词后省略to的用法，动词填空第17题训练tell sb. not to do的否定结构，精准对接常考易错点。通过“基础题+能力题”分层设计，帮助学生提升语言运用能力和思维辨析能力，配套详细解析支持自主复习，教师可据此实施针对性教学。

人教版八年级下册 Unit1 Time to Relax 语法讲义 动词不定式 1.基本形式与性质 肯定式：to + 动词原形（to go，to read） 否定式：not + to + 动词原形（not to give up） 性质：没有人称和数的变化，不能作谓语，但保留动词特征，可以接宾语或者状语。 2.句法作用（核心用法） 1、作主语 不定式短语作主语，常用it作形式主语。 例句：To learn a new language takes time. = It takes time to learn a new language. 2、作表语 放在系动词后面，解释说明主语具体内容。 例句：My dream is to become a doctor. 3、作宾语 放在及物动词之后，表达动作的对象。 例句：She wants to join the art club. 4、作宾语补足语 补充说明宾语的动作，常跟在ask，tell，encourage这类动词后。 例句：My mother told me to clean my room. 5、作定语 放在名词、代词的后面，用来修饰前面名词。 例句：I have a lot of homework to do. 6、作目的状语 含义为“为了……”，位置可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。 例句：I get up early to catch the school bus. 例句：To relax, I often listen to music. 3.常用动词搭配 1.动词 + to do（不定式作宾语） 常用动词：agree, decide, expect, hope, learn, need, plan, promise, want, wish, choose, fail, manage, offer, refuse, seem, try 例句：He decided to take up painting. 例句：I hope to visit Beijing next year. 2.动词 + sb. + to do（不定式作宾补） 常用动词：ask, tell, encourage, allow, warn, invite, expect, advise, order 例句：My parents encourage me to try new things. 例句：She invited me to join her birthday party. 3.动词 + sb. + do（省略to的不定式） 感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, feel 使役动词：let, make, have 结构：动词 + sb. +动词原形 例句：I saw him cross the street. 例句：Let me help you. 4.疑问词+不定式 结构：疑问词（what, which, how, where, when）+ to do 作用：在句中充当主语、宾语、表语，等同于“疑问词+should/can+动词”引导的宾语从句。 例句：I don’t know what to wear. = I don’t know what I should wear. 例句：Can you teach me how to use this app? 例句：She showed me where to park the car. 5.常考考点与易错点 1.感官动词、使役动词省略to；区分see/hear/watch sb. do（全过程）与doing（动作正在进行）。 2.tell / ask sb. not to do 的否定结构，not放在to的前面。 3.疑问词+不定式和宾语从句之间的句型转换。 4.it作形式主语句型：It is important to learn English. 5.too…to…结构，表示“太……而不能……”，例句：He is too young to go to school. 6.拓展 不定式作结果状语：He woke up to find himself in a hospital.（表示出乎意料的结果） 不定式作独立成分：To tell the truth, I don’t like it.（说实话，插入语） Unit1跟踪训练 一、单项选择（15小题，每题3分，共45分） 1. My dream ____ a scientist in the future. A. to be B. is to be C. be D. being 2. It takes me two hours ____ my homework every evening. A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 3. The teacher asks us ____ late for school. A. not be B. don’t be C. not to be D. aren’t 4. He decided ____ to the countryside for vacation. A. go B. to go C. going D. goes 5. I saw him ____ across the street when I passed by. A. cross B. to cross C. crossed D. crosses 6. Could you please tell me ____ use the new camera? A. how to B. to how C. how D. what to 7. My parents encourage me ____ more books in my free time. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 8. The boy is too young ____ the heavy box. A. carry B. to carry C. carrying D. carries 9. —What do you want ____ this weekend? —I want to visit my grandparents. A. do B. doing C. to do D. does 10. Let me ____ you with your English. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helps 11. I don’t know ____ for the party. Can you give me some advice? A. what wear B. what to wear C. to wear what D. what wearing 12. It’s important ____ enough sleep for teenagers. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 13. She invited me ____ to her birthday party last Sunday. A. come B. to come C. coming D. came 14. We watched them ____ basketball on the playground just now. A. play B. to play C. played D. plays 15. He hopes ____ around the world one day. A. travel B. travelling C. to travel D. travels 二、用括号内动词适当形式填空（10小题，每空5.5分，共55分） 16. He wants ____ (join) the music club. 17. My mother tells me ____ (not stay) up too late. 18. It is necessary for us ____ (learn) English well. 19. I don’t know where ____ (go) this afternoon. 20. They plan ____ (have) a trip next month. 21. Let him ____ (finish) his homework by himself. 22. The girl is too short ____ (reach) the books on the shelf. 23. We saw them ____ (dance) in the hall. 24. She hopes ____ (be) an actress in the future. 25. Could you teach me ____ (play) the piano? 参考答案 一、单项选择 1.B 解析：不定式作表语，结构为主语+be+to do。句意：我的梦想是将来成为一名科学家。 2.C 解析：it作形式主语，固定句型It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. 3.C 解析：ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人不要做某事。 4.B 解析：decide to do sth. 决定做某事。 5.A 解析：see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事（全过程）。 6.A 解析：疑问词+to do，how to use如何使用。 7.B 解析：encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。 8.B 解析：too…to…太……而不能……。 9.C 解析：want to do sth.想要做某事。 10.A 解析：let sb. do sth.使役动词后接动词原形。 11.B 解析：what to wear穿什么，疑问词+不定式作宾语。 12.B 解析：It’s +形容词+to do sth.做某事是……。 13.B 解析：invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。 14.A 解析：watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事（全过程）。 15.C 解析：hope to do sth.希望做某事。 二、动词适当形式填空 16. to join 解析：want to do sth.想要做某事。 17. not to stay 解析：tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事。 18. to learn 解析：It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth.。 19. to go 解析：where to go去哪里，疑问词+不定式。 20. to have 解析：plan to do sth.计划做某事。 21. finish 解析：let sb. do sth.，使役动词后用动词原形。 22. to reach 解析：too…to…结构。 23. dance 解析：see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事。 24. to be 解析：hope to do sth.希望做某事。 25. to play 解析：teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $