Unit 1 The Changing World单元核心知识背记清单 2026-2027学年九年级英语上册（新教材人教版）

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了“Unit 1 The Changing World”单元内容，涵盖Section A和B的重点单词、短语、词汇变形及句型，配套词句基础练与语篇拔高练，搭建从词汇积累到句型应用再到语篇实践的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“原词-变形-释义”表格呈现词汇体系，如“sand→sandy”帮助学生掌握词形变化规律，重点句型分对话与语篇场景设计，培养语言能力与思维品质。练习从单选、填空到语篇填空分层递进，如语篇拔高练的短文填空训练学生语篇分析能力，助力不同基础学生高效学习，教师可据此设计针对性教学活动，提升课堂实效。

Unit 1 The Changing World 单词、短语与句型（教师版） Section A — What changes have taken place around you? 一、重点单词 1 /rʌf/ adj.崎岖的 2 /ˈsændstɔːm/ n.沙尘暴 3 /ˈfɑːmlænd/ n.耕地 4 /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n.短缺 5 /læk/ n.缺乏 6 /bʊʃ/ n. 灌木 7 /ruːt/ n. 根 8 /sɔɪl/ n.土壤 9 /ˈsændi/adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的 10 /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n.政府 11 /səˈpɔːt/ n. & v.支持 12 /kɔːn/ n.玉米；谷物 13 /ˌhaɪ ˈtek/ adj. 高科技的 14 /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n.温室 15 /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n.公路 16 /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n.铁路 17 /əˈtrækʃn/ n.向往的地方；吸引力 18 /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n.产品 19 /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 大大地；非常 20 /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ adj. & n. 社会主义的；社会主义者 21 /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/adj. 电子的 22 /ˈiː peɪmənt/ n.电子支付 23 /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ n.住房；住宅 24 /dʌst/ n.尘土 25 /pɑːθ/ n.小路 26 /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的 27 /ˈmɒdn/ adj. 现代的 28 /əˈpɪə(r)/ v.出现 29 /ˈkʌmftəbl/ adj.舒适的 30 /əˈmeɪzd/ adj. 惊奇的；惊讶的 31 /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的；快速的 32 /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/ n.村民 33 /liːd/ v. & n. 带领；过（某种生活）；领先地位；主角 34 /ˈdʒuːniə(r)/adj.低年级的；初级的 35 /flæt/ n.公寓 36 /dɪˈskʌʃn/ n.讨论 二、重点短语 1. 1. 带来；引起 2. 发生 3. 被……覆盖 4. 缺乏…… 5. 在过去20年里 6. 过去在大城市工作 7. 回来生活和工作 8. 种植蔬菜 9. 高科技温室 10. 大量的；许多的 11. 在大城市售卖产品 12. 旅游景点 13. 向游客售卖本地产品 14. 线上售卖产品 15. 极大改善生活 16. 社会主义新农村 17. 在某人看来 18. 变成 19. 丰富多彩的生活 20. 对……感到惊讶 21. 狭窄且肮脏 22. 宽阔且干净 23. 在过去 24. 结果 25. the Olympics 26. 作为……而闻名；被称为 三、词汇变形 原词 变形 释义 2. sand (n. 沙子) → (adj. 含沙的) 铺满沙子的 3. government (n.)→ (v.)管理 4. attraction (n.) → (v.) 吸引 5. product (n.) → (v.) 生产 6. socialist (adj. & n.) → (adj. 社会的) → (n. 社会主义) 社会主义的 7. greatly (adv.) → (adj.) 伟大的 8. dust (n.) → (adj.) 肮脏的 9. wide (adj.)→ (adv.) 广泛地 10. narrow (adj.)→ (adv.) 狭窄地 四、重点句型 （一）对话与采访句型 1. Reporter: has life in your hometown ? （记者：过去20年里，你们家乡的生活发生了怎样的变化？） 2. I grow a few vegetables to sell at the local market. Now, I have large, .（我过去在一个小农场种一点蔬菜，拿到当地市场去卖。现在，我有了大型的高科技温室。） 3. There, I and vegetables, and sell them in large cities.（在那里我种植大量的水果和蔬菜，然后卖到大城市。） 4. We can now to tourists. We also to people .（现在我们可以向游客出售本地产品，还可以在网上卖给全中国的人。） 5. Reporter: Wonderful! Together you are .（记者：太好了！你们正在一起建设社会主义新农村。） （二）语篇描述与长难句 1. Great changes in Li Rui’s hometown .（在过去的20年里，李瑞的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。） 2. I have lived here I was born, so I with my own eyes.（我自出生起就生活在这里，亲眼见证了家乡的所有变迁。） 3. The roads were . People mainly walked or rode old bikes to go out.（道路狭窄且脏乱。人们外出主要靠步行或骑老式自行车。） 4. Now everything is different. The small village has a beautiful modern town.（如今一切都不同了。曾经的小村庄已然变成了一座漂亮的现代化小镇。） 5. people have their own cars, making travel much easier.（越来越多的人拥有了私家车，出行变得十分便捷。） 6. People can . Most families live a life.（人们的生活变得丰富多彩。大多数家庭都过上了幸福安逸的生活。） 7. I‘m of my hometown. I love my hometown very much.（我对家乡的飞速变化感到惊讶。我非常热爱我的家乡。） 8. .（在过去，在贵州旅行是很困难的。） Section B —How do changes influence us? 一、重点单词 1. 1 /waɪd/adj. 宽的；宽阔的 2 /lɪŋk/ n. & v. 交通路线；联系；连接 3 /pɔːt/ n.港口 4 /ˈkæpɪtl/ n.首都 5 /ˈkenjən/ adj. & n. 肯尼亚的；肯尼亚人 6 /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v. & n.得益于；使受益；优势；益处 7 /kənˈviːniənt/adj. 方便的 8 /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 生意；商业 9 /iːz/ n.容易；自在 10 /trʌk/ n.卡车 11 /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n.经理 12 /kənˈkluːʒn/ n.总结 13 /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的 14 /liːd/ v. & n. 带领；过（某种生活）；领先地位；主角 15 /ˈdʒuːniə(r)/ adj. 低年级的；初级的 16 /flæt/ n.公寓 17 /dɪˈskʌʃn/ n.讨论 18 /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/ n.村民 19 /ˈæspekt/ n.方面 二、重点短语 2. 3. 铁路系统 4. 交通连接 5. 旧铁路线 6. 缩短旅行时间 7. 两百多万人 8. 从……中受益 9. 对…感到满意 10. 轻松达成生意往来 11. 食物运输 12. 运送货物 13. 新鲜食物 14. 共同建设更美好的世界 15. 过河旅行 三、词汇变形 1. wide (adj.) → (adv.) 广泛地 2. convenient (adj.) → (n.) 方便 3. benefit (v. & n.) → (adj.) 有益处的 4. ease (n.) → (adj.) → (adv.) 容易的；容易地 5. narrow (adj.) → (adv.) 狭窄地 6. dirt (n.) → (adj.) 肮脏的 四、重点句型 1. Before then, the between Mombasa, Kenya‘s main port, and Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, were and an built in 1901.（在此之前，肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨和首都内罗毕之间唯一的交通连接是崎岖的道路和一条建于1901年的旧铁路线。） 2. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours Nairobi from Mombasa by train.（旧火车非常慢。从蒙巴萨乘火车到内罗毕需要10个小时。） 3. However, the new railway, built , has already between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers.（然而，在中国帮助下修建的新铁路已经将蒙巴萨到内罗毕之间的旅行时间缩短到大约4个小时。） 4. Now, two million people use it every year.（现在，每年有超过两百万人使用它。） 5. Local Kenyans have the new railway.（当地肯尼亚人从新铁路中受益匪浅。） 6. A government worker said, “I’m very the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes in the town , and the people who live here have become rich.”（一位政府工作人员说：“我对中国朋友修建的新铁路非常满意。在过去的几年里，这个小镇发生了许多变化，住在这里的人们已经变得富裕了。”） 7. A businessman said, “ since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and . I am able to get to places and make business deals .”（一位商人说：“自2017年以来乘坐火车的体验一直很好。它非常方便，而且花费不多。我能够准时到达各地，轻松地做生意。”） 8. , people now have fresh food more easily.（因此，人们现在更容易获得新鲜食物。） 9. The bridge for the villagers to the river to the city.（这座桥方便了村民们跨过河流去城市。） 10. My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same: by my family.（我的生活在很多方面都发生了变化，但有一件事始终不变：家人之间共享的爱与幸福的感觉。） 词句基础练 1．It is very ________ to take the new train. A．convenient B．heavy C．wide D．digital 2．The local ________ has made new plans to protect farmland and improve villagers’ living conditions. A．manager B．government C．capital D．villager 3．Farmers in this village plant lots of ________ every spring, and they can get a good harvest in autumn. A．corn B．dirt C．bush D．track 4．Many ________ in the village become rich because of the new road. A．Olympics B．villagers C．managers D．businessmen 5．The city government is building more cheap ________ for young workers who cannot buy expensive flats. A．farmland B．port C．housing D．dirt 6．Nairobi is the ________ of Kenya. A．port B．capital C．lorry D．manager 7．The ________ were held in Beijing in 2008. A．Miracle B．Villagers C．Olympics D．Rails 8．This is a ________ lake, not natural. A．manmade B．narrow C．sandy D．wide 9．The businessman can make deals ________. A．with ease B．for ease C．in ease D．on ease 10．—Jerry works so hard that he feels tired these days. —He has to ________ a family of four on his own. A．offer B．support C．provide D．complete 11．There are many ways to improve your spoken English. ________, you can listen to English songs and repeat after them. A．After all B．For example C．As a result D．In a word 12．Our living conditions have improved a lot ________ the government’s support. A．thanks for B．thanks to C．because D．instead of 13．Many useful small tools appear ________. A．in our daily life B．on our daily life C．at daily life D．with daily life 14．The brave ________ spent ten years exploring unknown western regions. A．historian B．pilot C．villager D．driver 15．The ________ of new medical tools helped stop the spread of serious illness. A．discovery B．improvement C．imagination D．attraction 二、单词拼写 16．At last, we came to a ________ (结论). 17．She has ________ (完成) her study plan already. 18．The government aims to improve public services, especially ________ (教育). 19．A big ________ (卡车) is carrying corn to the market. 20．There is a narrow ________ (小路) through the forest. 21．Many children in poor areas still suffer from ________ (饥饿). 22．The ________ (产品) of this factory sell well all over the country. 23．He does ________ (生意) with foreign companies. 24．The whole mountain is ________ (被……覆盖) with green trees. 25．A strong ________ (沙尘暴) hit the north of our country yesterday. 26．We walked along a ________ (崎岖的) mountain road. 27．The new bridge has ________ (link) the village to the city, making the transport of goods easier. 28．The local government __________ (build) another new road to the small village in the coming two years. 29．These new roads are much ________ than the old ones. (wide) 30．The development of AI ________ (bring) about many changes in the job market so far. 31．The great ________ (invent) of the machine changed people’s life greatly. 32．After a long ________ (discuss), we reached an agreement. 33．Tourism is one of the main ________ (attract) of this city. 34．The girl has learned about world ________ (history) stories for three years. 35．You should have enough ________ (勇气) to face your mistakes. 三、完成句子 36．村民们昨天就怎样更好地发展当地旅游业进行了热烈的讨论。 The villagers had a lively ________ ________ how to better develop local tourism yesterday. 37．The government has taken lots of steps to improve villagers’ living conditions. (改为同义句) Lots of steps ________ ________ ________ by the government ________ improve villagers’ living conditions. 38．这条铁路已经让200多万当地居民出行更加方便。 The railway has made travelling easier for ________ ________ ________ ________ local people. 39．家用电脑和智能设备的普及给我留下最深刻的印象。 The ________ of home computers and smart devices ________ me most. 40．我们一起取得了如此巨大的成就，真是令人惊讶。 It’s amazing ________ ________ we have achieved together. 41．我希望世界各国能够和平共处，不再有战争，这样每个人都能过上和平幸福的生活。 I hope all countries in the world can ________ ________ peacefully and there will be no more wars, ________ ________ everyone can live a peaceful and happy life. 42．科学技术的飞速发展，以及人们对更便捷生活日益增长的需求，带来了这些变化。 The fast development of science and technology, ________ ________ ________ people’s growing demand for more convenient life, brings about these changes. 43．这座桥让村民们渡河进城变得便捷。 The bridge ________ ________ ________ ________ the villagers to travel across the river to the city. 44．In the past, _______ _______ ______ to travel in Guizhou. 在过去，在贵州旅行很困难。 45．我们过去常常得长途跋涉去看医生，但是现在我们镇上已经建了一所新医院。 We ________ ________ have to travel far to see a doctor, but now our town ________ ________ a new hospital. 语篇拔高练 Passage A 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每词限用一次。 change, since, build, move, fly, environment, pollute, fun, village, into Father once told me that when he was in primary school, he lived in a small 1 called Lijiashan. It was really a beautiful place. Birds 2 in the sky and ducks swam in the river happily. People in that area lived a peaceful life, but they were poor. But now, Lijiashan has changed 3 a busy town. All the changes began in 1998. People began to 4 an airport that year. A new park was also built. It was a good place for people to have 5 . Lots of local people left their homes and 6 into flats built by the government. More and more changes have taken place 7 then. People here are much richer now. They look happier than before. But the changes have also caused many problems. For example, the 8 is no longer as good as before. Sometimes more traffic means more 9 . Luckily, the government has taken action to solve these problems. Like most people living in my hometown, I like the improvement. Life never stops 10 . Passage B 根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。 great discuss cover lead social choose house link sand narrow manage attract Dashiban is a 600‑year‑old village in Xichang, Sichuan Province. Long ago, it was a busy place on the Southern Silk Road. However, the village faced many problems. The roads were rougher and 1 . There was a shortage of good jobs and a lack of opportunities that led many villagers to leave. To change this, the local government decided to support the village with a new project in 2021, as part of our 2 countryside development. After much 3 , they decided to keep the village’s old charm (魅力). They improved old 4 and turned dirty tracks into wide roads. They also built new high‑tech digital systems and a convenient railway 5 the village to the outside world. These efforts have 6 improved the village and directly benefited local business. Chen Xiaoyu, a homestay (民宿) 7 , has run her business for years. She said she never expected her hometown to change so much. The project’s success has 8 many villagers working outside to return. Xiao Wenfang came back after learning about the changes and opened a restaurant. Now, Dashiban is a popular 9 Tourists love to dress themselves in traditional clothes and take photos. In conclusion, tourism is now the main business. People from different cities even 10 this small village to live in when they are free. They just want to enjoy the easy life here. Passage C 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。 digital  finally  but  by  tired  manager  minute  decide  carry  she Anna is a UK exchange student in China. She has been back in the UK for three days to spend the Christmas holiday with her family. She enjoys Christmas and the delicious food, 1 she has had some problems there. Firstly, she 2 to ride a shared bike to a shop to get some vegetables and meat. But it took 3 a long time to find a shared bike! She 4 found an old one. But that 20-minute ride cost her more than four pounds! Then after getting everything she needed in the shop, she wanted to pay with her smartphone. She asked the 5 to show the QR code, but he didn’t understand! Next, she tried to use her 6 wallet, but the shop’s payment system didn’t work. She was told to use cash. She had to go home to get some cash because she didn’t 7 her wallet. She got used to paying 8 digital payment when she was in China. Finally, she got home. She was so 9 that she didn’t want to cook. She ordered her favourite dishes through an app instead, but the delivery took plenty of time. When her dishes finally arrived 90 10 later, they were stone-cold! By then, she felt tired and hungry. For Anna, she has had a great holiday except for today. Thinking of the convenience of digital life, she is looking forward to going back to China. Passage D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Wuying, a Miao-majority village, located 1 Guangxi and Guizhou, has seen great changes over the past 10 years. With around 700 villagers living in 145 families, all are now above the poverty line (贫困线). The village 2 (make) progress in protecting the environment and education. Six years ago, local officials 3 (join) villagers in a tree-planting activity to celebrate Tree Planting Day, planting thousands of fruit trees. Now, as these trees have begun to bear fruit, the living environment in the village has improved. In the past, girls in the village usually helped with farming instead of 4 (go) to school because people there preferred boys. However, in March 2020, the government started night school programs 5 (teach) women Mandarin (普通话)． According to Liang Zuying, aged 50, the women in Wuying now have a few 6 (opportunity) to receive an education. As the 7 (old) daughter in her family, Liang has helped with housework and farming 8 she was 7 years old. Her dream of getting an education came true at the evening classes. “Even after a long and 9 (tired) day of work, they still want to be here，” said Pan Muzhi, who teaches at the night school. Now, the women of Wuying are learning new things. They use their phones to sell their fruits online. Life in the village is getting 10 (good). Their future is full of hope. Passage E This summer holiday, I went to Hohhot with my family. When we arrived, I noticed that the sky was sunny and the weather was cool. The air was not 1 (dirt) at all, so I felt refreshed with every breath. It was quite different from the big cities I visited before. Modern technology 2 (bring) about great changes recently. There is no 3 (short) of smart machines. We visited a dairy factory. A 4 (digit) robot guide could show us around with ease. It could talk and move 5 (lead) us through the workshop. A manager told us how modern farming has 6 (benefit) both the company and local people. The robot introduced the milk-making process, 7 collecting fresh milk to packaging the products. I didn't know there was so much technology behind the milk we drink every day. I also enjoyed the beautiful grassland. The grass was green, like a soft carpet stretching to the skyline. Standing in 8 middle of the grassland, I felt peaceful and free. This trip to Hohhot was both fun and educational. I learned a lot about modern food 9 (product) and enjoyed the fresh air and natural scenery. The experience is so fantastic 10 I will remember it for a long time. Passage F 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 My hometown is a small town. It is in the southern part of Zhejiang Province. I left my hometown to work in Singapore 10 years ago. I tried my best to do what I could 1 (make) my life good. It is said that great changes 2 (take) place in the past ten years. Last month I came back to my hometown with my family. It is the 3 (one) time I have come back home. 4 my surprise, my hometown has changed a lot. The environment is getting 5 (beautiful) than 10 years ago. The streets are wider and cleaner. It is easier for us to get around. Trees and flowers are planted everywhere. In the past, people traveled by bike. 6 now they go to work by bus or by car. It’s much faster. What’s more, they will build 7 underground line next year. I am sure traveling will be better then. When I got home, my parents, together with my other friends, were waiting 8 (happy) for us. We enjoyed 9 (we). At dinner, they told me a lot about the changes in my hometown. I can’t imagine what my hometown will be like in another ten 10 (year) time. Passage G 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词(1个)或括号内单词的正确形式。 One lazy afternoon in a bookstore, I found a book 1 (call) The Last Days of Old Beijing by US writer Michael Meyer. The book name caught my eye and reminded 2 (I) of my home city, Beijing. Meyer’s writing brings us back to the old days of Beijing. In 2005, Meyer moved into a shared yard home in one of Beijing’s 3 (old) neighborhoods, Dashilan, on one of its hutongs. There he 4 (teach) English at a local school and lived among local people. He knew more about Beijing by getting close to the local culture. Hutong is 5 (wide) known to people in China. In the book, he describes the hutong and the shouts of street vendors (小贩), so lively that you feel like you’re right there. Beijing 6 (change) a lot for many years. The old houses made way for high buildings, shopping malls and other symbols 7 modern life. However, in the face of rapid (快速的) changes, some parts of old Beijing’s culture stayed strong. Keeping traditions like hanging “fu” and Spring Festival couplets is also very popular now. 8 (live) in Beijing’s hutong in the early morning is an enjoyable way to experience the city’s traditional lifestyle. However, The Last Days of Old Beijing showed new sides of the city I hadn’t seen before. How 9 (touch) it is when those small details of daily life in the old neighborhoods came to me! It made me think about how we can keep our traditions alive while also moving forward with changes. I wonder 10 you like it or not. If you have time, try reading to find the secret Beijing. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The Changing World 单词、短语与句型（教师版） Section A — What changes have taken place around you? 一、重点单词 1 rough /rʌf/ adj.崎岖的 2 sandstorm /ˈsændstɔːm/ n.沙尘暴 3 farmland /ˈfɑːmlænd/ n.耕地 4 shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n.短缺 5 lack /læk/ n.缺乏 6 bush /bʊʃ/ n. 灌木 7 root /ruːt/ n. 根 8 soil /sɔɪl/ n.土壤 9 sandy/ˈsændi/adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的 10 government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n.政府 11 support /səˈpɔːt/ n. & v.支持 12 corn /kɔːn/ n.玉米；谷物 13 high‑tech /ˌhaɪ ˈtek/ adj. 高科技的 14 greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n.温室 15 highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n.公路 16 railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n.铁路 17 attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ n.向往的地方；吸引力 18 product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n.产品 19 greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 大大地；非常 20 socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ adj. & n. 社会主义的；社会主义者 21 electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ adj. 电子的 22 e‑payment /ˈiː peɪmənt/ n.电子支付 23 housing /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ n.住房；住宅 24 dust /dʌst/ n.尘土 25 path /pɑːθ/ n.小路 26 narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的 27 modern /ˈmɒdn/ adj. 现代的 28 appear /əˈpɪə(r)/ v.出现 29 comfortable /ˈkʌmftəbl/ adj.舒适的 30 amazed /əˈmeɪzd/ adj. 惊奇的；惊讶的 31 rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的；快速的 32 villager /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/ n.村民 33 lead /liːd/ v. & n. 带领；过（某种生活）；领先地位；主角 34 junior /ˈdʒuːniə(r)/adj.低年级的；初级的 35 flat /flæt/ n.公寓 36 discussion /dɪˈskʌʃn/ n.讨论 二、重点短语 1. 1. bring about 带来；引起 2. take place 发生 3. be covered with 被……覆盖 4. a shortage of 缺乏…… 5. over the last 20 years 在过去20年里 6. used to work in big cities 过去在大城市工作 7. come back to live and work 回来生活和工作 8. grow vegetables 种植蔬菜 9. high‑tech greenhouses 高科技温室 10. tons of 大量的；许多的 11. sell products in large cities 在大城市售卖产品 12. tourist attraction 旅游景点 13. sell local products to tourists 向游客售卖本地产品 14. sell products online 线上售卖产品 15. greatly improve lives 极大改善生活 16. new socialist village社会主义新农村 17. in one‘s opinion 在某人看来 18. turn into 变成 19. rich and colorful life丰富多彩的生活 20. be amazed at 对……感到惊讶 21. narrow and dirty 狭窄且肮脏 22. wide and clean 宽阔且干净 23. in the past 在过去 24. as a result 结果 25. the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会 26. be known as作为……而闻名；被称为 三、词汇变形 原词 变形 释义 2. sand (n. 沙子) → sandy (adj. 含沙的) 铺满沙子的 3. government (n.)→ govern (v.) 管理 4. attraction (n.) → attract (v.) 吸引 5. product (n.) → produce (v.) 生产 6. socialist (adj. & n.) → social (adj. 社会的) → socialism (n. 社会主义) 社会主义的 7. greatly (adv.) → great (adj.) 伟大的 8. dust (n.) → dirty (adj.) 肮脏的 9. wide (adj.)→ widely (adv.) 广泛地 10. narrow (adj.)→ narrowly (adv.) 狭窄地 四、重点句型 （一）对话与采访句型 1. Reporter: How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years? （记者：过去20年里，你们家乡的生活发生了怎样的变化？） 2. I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market. Now, I have large, hightech greenhouses.（我过去在一个小农场种一点蔬菜，拿到当地市场去卖。现在，我有了大型的高科技温室。） 3. There, I grow tons of fruit and vegetables, and sell them in large cities.（在那里我种植大量的水果和蔬菜，然后卖到大城市。） 4. We can now sell local products to tourists. We also sell products online to people all over China.（现在我们可以向游客出售本地产品，还可以在网上卖给全中国的人。） 5. Reporter: Wonderful! Together you are building a new socialist village.（记者：太好了！你们正在一起建设社会主义新农村。） （二）语篇描述与长难句 1. Great changes have taken place in Li Rui’s hometown over the past 20 years.（在过去的20年里，李瑞的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。） 2. I have lived here since I was born, so I have seen all the changes with my own eyes.（我自出生起就生活在这里，亲眼见证了家乡的所有变迁。） 3. The roads were narrow and dirty. People mainly walked or rode old bikes to go out.（道路狭窄且脏乱。人们外出主要靠步行或骑老式自行车。） 4. Now everything is different. The small village has turned into a beautiful modern town.（如今一切都不同了。曾经的小村庄已然变成了一座漂亮的现代化小镇。） 5. More and more people have their own cars, making travel much easier.（越来越多的人拥有了私家车，出行变得十分便捷。） 6. People can enjoy a rich and colorful life. Most families live a happy and comfortable life.（人们的生活变得丰富多彩。大多数家庭都过上了幸福安逸的生活。） 7. I‘m amazed at the rapid changes of my hometown. I love my hometown very much.（我对家乡的飞速变化感到惊讶。我非常热爱我的家乡。） 8. In the past, it was very difficult to travel in Guizhou.（在过去，在贵州旅行是很困难的。） Section B —How do changes influence us? 一、重点单词 1. 1 wide /waɪd/ adj. 宽的；宽阔的 2 link /lɪŋk/ n. & v. 交通路线；联系；连接 3 port /pɔːt/ n.港口 4 capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n.首都 5 Kenyan /ˈkenjən/ adj. & n. 肯尼亚的；肯尼亚人 6 benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v. & n.得益于；使受益；优势；益处 7 convenient /kənˈviːniənt/adj. 方便的 8 business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 生意；商业 9 ease /iːz/ n.容易；自在 10 truck /trʌk/ n.卡车 11 manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n.经理 12 conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n.总结 13 narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的 14 lead /liːd/ v. & n. 带领；过（某种生活）；领先地位；主角 15 junior /ˈdʒuːniə(r)/ adj. 低年级的；初级的 16 flat /flæt/ n.公寓 17 discussion /dɪˈskʌʃn/ n.讨论 18 villager /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/ n.村民 19 aspect /ˈæspekt/ n.方面 二、重点短语 2. 3. train system 铁路系统 4. transport links 交通连接 5. old railway line 旧铁路线 6. cut travel time 缩短旅行时间 7. over two million people 两百多万人 8. benefit from 从……中受益 9. be happy with 对……感到满意 10. make business deals with ease 轻松达成生意往来 11. food transport 食物运输 12. carry goods运送货物 13. fresh food新鲜食物 14. work together to build a better world 共同建设更美好的世界 15. travel across the river 过河旅行 三、词汇变形 1. wide (adj.) → widely (adv.) 广泛地 2. convenient (adj.) → convenience (n.) 方便 3. benefit (v. & n.) →beneficial (adj.) 有益处的 4. ease (n.) → easy (adj.) → easily (adv.) 容易的；容易地 5. narrow (adj.) → narrowly (adv.) 狭窄地 6. dirt (n.) → dirty (adj.) 肮脏的 四、重点句型 1. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya‘s main port, and Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901.（在此之前，肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨和首都内罗毕之间唯一的交通连接是崎岖的道路和一条建于1901年的旧铁路线。） 2. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train.（旧火车非常慢。从蒙巴萨乘火车到内罗毕需要10个小时。） 3. However, the new railway, built with China‘s help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers.（然而，在中国帮助下修建的新铁路已经将蒙巴萨到内罗毕之间的旅行时间缩短到大约4个小时。） 4. Now, more than two million people use it every year.（现在，每年有超过两百万人使用它。） 5. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway.（当地肯尼亚人从新铁路中受益匪浅。） 6. A government worker said, “I’m very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich.”（一位政府工作人员说：“我对中国朋友修建的新铁路非常满意。在过去的几年里，这个小镇发生了许多变化，住在这里的人们已经变得富裕了。”） 7. A businessman said, “My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn‘t cost much money. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease.”（一位商人说：“自2017年以来乘坐火车的体验一直很好。它非常方便，而且花费不多。我能够准时到达各地，轻松地做生意。”） 8. As a result, people now have fresh food more easily.（因此，人们现在更容易获得新鲜食物。） 9. The bridge made it convenient for the villagers to travel across the river to the city.（这座桥方便了村民们跨过河流去城市。） 10. My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same: the feeling of love and happiness shared by my family.（我的生活在很多方面都发生了变化，但有一件事始终不变：家人之间共享的爱与幸福的感觉。） 词句基础练 1．It is very ________ to take the new train. A．convenient B．heavy C．wide D．digital 【答案】A 【详解】句意：乘坐新火车非常方便。 convenient方便的；heavy重的；wide宽的；digital数字的。根据“to take the new train”可知，此处描述乘坐新火车的体验，通常指交通便利，convenient符合语境。 2．The local ________ has made new plans to protect farmland and improve villagers’ living conditions. A．manager B．government C．capital D．villager 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当地政府制定了新的计划来保护耕地并改善村民的生活条件。 manager经理；government政府；capital首都、资本；villager村民。根据“made new plans to protect farmland and improve villagers’ living conditions”可知，制定计划保护耕地和改善村民生活条件的主体通常是当地政府，government符合语境。 3．Farmers in this village plant lots of ________ every spring, and they can get a good harvest in autumn. A．corn B．dirt C．bush D．track 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个村庄的农民每年春天种植许多玉米，他们在秋天能获得好收成。 corn玉米；dirt泥土；bush灌木；track小路，轨道。根据“plant lots of”和“get a good harvest in autumn”可知，农民春天种植的是农作物，corn符合语境；dirt、bush和track均不能与“get a good harvest”形成合理的意义联系，应填corn。 4．Many ________ in the village become rich because of the new road. A．Olympics B．villagers C．managers D．businessmen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：因为这条新路，村里的许多村民变富了。 Olympics奥运会；villagers村民；managers经理；businessmen商人。根据“in the village”可知，是指居住在村庄里的人，即村民。 5．The city government is building more cheap ________ for young workers who cannot buy expensive flats. A．farmland B．port C．housing D．dirt 【答案】C 【详解】句意：市政府正在为那些买不起昂贵公寓的年轻工人建造更多的廉价住房。 farmland农田；port港口；housing住房；dirt泥土。根据“who cannot buy expensive flats”翻译为“年轻工人买不起昂贵的公寓”可知，空白处需要填入带有居住属性的词汇。故选C。 6．Nairobi is the ________ of Kenya. A．port B．capital C．lorry D．manager 【答案】B 【详解】句意：内罗毕是肯尼亚的首都。 port港口；capital首都；lorry卡车；manager经理。根据常识可知Nairobi（内罗毕）是肯尼亚的首都，应填capital。 7．The ________ were held in Beijing in 2008. A．Miracle B．Villagers C．Olympics D．Rails 【答案】C 【详解】句意：2008年奥运会在北京举办。 Miracle奇迹；Villagers村民；Olympics奥运会；Rails铁路。根据“were held in Beijing in 2008”，结合常识，2008年北京举办奥运会，因此选C。 8．This is a ________ lake, not natural. A．manmade B．narrow C．sandy D．wide 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这是一个人造湖，不是天然的。 man-made人造的；narrow狭窄的；sandy多沙的；wide宽阔的。根据“not natural”可知，这个湖不是天然形成的，而是人造的，与natural形成对比。应填manmade。 9．The businessman can make deals ________. A．with ease B．for ease C．in ease D．on ease 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位商人可以轻松地达成交易。 with ease“轻易地，毫不费力地”；for ease“为了方便”；in ease不是固定短语；on ease不是正确短语。结合“make deals”的语境，with ease符合句意，其余词汇代入句子均不通顺。 10．—Jerry works so hard that he feels tired these days. —He has to ________ a family of four on his own. A．offer B．support C．provide D．complete 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——杰瑞工作如此努力以至于这些天他感到很累。——他必须独自养活一家四口。 offer提供；support养活，支持；provide提供；complete完成。根据语境可知，此处指独自养活一家四口，support a family为固定搭配，意为“养活家庭”。 11．There are many ways to improve your spoken English. ________, you can listen to English songs and repeat after them. A．After all B．For example C．As a result D．In a word 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有很多方法可以提高你的英语口语。例如，你可以听英文歌曲并跟读。 After all毕竟；For example例如；As a result结果；In a word总之。前一句提到有很多方法，后一句列举了听英文歌曲这一具体方法，属于举例关系。应填For example。 12．Our living conditions have improved a lot ________ the government’s support. A．thanks for B．thanks to C．because D．instead of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：多亏了政府的支持，我们的生活条件改善了很多。 thanks for因……而感谢（后接名词或动名词，表示感谢的原因）；thanks to多亏/由于（后接名词，表示原因，常指好的结果）；because因为（连词，后接从句）；instead of代替/而不是。根据“the government’s support”（名词短语）以及语境中生活条件改善是积极的结果，应用thanks to来表示“由于、多亏”，符合语境。 13．Many useful small tools appear ________. A．in our daily life B．on our daily life C．at daily life D．with daily life 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多有用的小工具出现在我们的日常生活中。 固定搭配in our daily life意为“在我们的日常生活中”，介词in表示“在……范围内”，on、at、with均不能与daily life连用表示此意。 14．The brave ________ spent ten years exploring unknown western regions. A．historian B．pilot C．villager D．driver 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位勇敢的历史学家花了十年时间探索未知的西部区域。 historian历史学家；pilot飞行员；villager村民；driver司机。根据“spent ten years exploring unknown western regions”可知，这是一项长期且充满危险的探索研究工作，村民和司机不符合语境，飞行员主要驾驶飞机，而历史学家常需要进行实地考察以研究历史，相比之下历史学家更符合长期探索未知区域进行研究的身份。故选用historian。 15．The ________ of new medical tools helped stop the spread of serious illness. A．discovery B．improvement C．imagination D．attraction 【答案】A 【详解】句意：新医疗工具的发现有助于阻止这种严重疾病的传播。 discovery发现；improvement改善；imagination想象；attraction吸引。根据“helped stop the spread of serious illness”可知，此处指科学上的发现有助于控制疾病传播，应填discovery。 二、单词拼写 16．At last, we came to a ________ (结论). 【答案】conclusion 【详解】句意：终于，我们得出了结论。结论“conclusion”，可数名词，come to a conclusion“得出结论”。 17．She has ________ (完成) her study plan already. 【答案】finished/completed 【详解】句意：她已经完成了她的学习计划。句中“has”提示用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语She为第三人称单数，助动词用has。“完成”英文可用complete或finish，其过去分词分别为completed和finished。两者均符合语境，表示“完成计划”。 18．The government aims to improve public services, especially ________ (教育). 【答案】education 【详解】句意：政府的目标是改善公共服务，特别是教育。空处在句中作especially强调的public services的同位语，要用名词形式，“教育”的英文是education。 19．A big ________ (卡车) is carrying corn to the market. 【答案】lorry 【详解】句意：一辆大卡车正把玉米运往市场。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词big，需要填可数名词单数，lorry意为“卡车”。 20．There is a narrow ________ (小路) through the forest. 【答案】track 【详解】句意：森林里有一条狭窄的小路。冠词a后面接可数名词单数形式，括号内中文提示“小路”对应名词track，故填track。 21．Many children in poor areas still suffer from ________ (饥饿). 【答案】hunger 【详解】句意：贫困地区的许多孩子仍然遭受饥饿之苦。suffer from“受；受……之苦”，后接名词。hunger为名词，意为“饥饿”，为不可数名词。 22．The ________ (产品) of this factory sell well all over the country. 【答案】products 【详解】句意：这家工厂的产品在全国卖得很好。在英语中，product意为“产品”，是可数名词；句中谓语动词sell为原形，说明主语是复数形式，故此处填products。 23．He does ________ (生意) with foreign companies. 【答案】business 【详解】句意：他和外国公司做生意。括号内中文提示“生意”对应不可数名词business；do business with意为“和……做生意”，符合语境，故填business。 24．The whole mountain is ________ (被……覆盖) with green trees. 【答案】covered 【详解】句意：整座山被绿树覆盖。括号内中文提示“被……覆盖”对应短语be covered with；句中已经给出be动词is以及介词with，因此后面填动词cover的过去分词covered。 25．A strong ________ (沙尘暴) hit the north of our country yesterday. 【答案】sandstorm 【详解】句意：昨天一场强沙尘暴袭击了我国北方地区。sandstorm“沙尘暴”，可数名词，不定冠词a修饰可数名词单数。 26．We walked along a ________ (崎岖的) mountain road. 【答案】rough 【详解】句意：我们沿着一条崎岖的山路行走。括号内中文提示“崎岖的”对应形容词rough；此处放在名词短语“mountain road”之前，在句中作定语修饰道路。 27．The new bridge has ________ (link) the village to the city, making the transport of goods easier. 【答案】linked 【详解】句意：这座新桥已经将村庄与城市连接起来，使得货物运输更加便捷。表示“新桥已经将村庄与城市连接起来”，强调过去的动作对现在的影响，因此句子是现在完成时，空处填过去分词与“has”共同构成现在完成时。link的过去分词为linked，故填linked。 28．The local government __________ (build) another new road to the small village in the coming two years. 【答案】will build 【详解】句意：当地政府将在未来两年内修建另一条通往这个小村庄的新路。根据时间状语“in the coming two years.”可知，时态为一般将来时，结构为will do，build“建造”，将来时结构为will build。 29．These new roads are much ________ than the old ones. (wide) 【答案】wider 【详解】句意：这些新马路比旧马路宽得多。句中“than”是比较级的标志词，much可以修饰形容词比较级，wide的比较级为wider，故填wider。 30．The development of AI ________ (bring) about many changes in the job market so far. 【答案】has brought 【详解】句意：人工智能的发展到目前为止已经在就业市场带来了许多变化。该空位于主语之后，需填动词作谓语，时间状语“so far”提示用现在完成时，主语为单数，因此用has brought。 31．The great ________ (invent) of the machine changed people’s life greatly. 【答案】invention 【详解】句意：这台机器的伟大发明极大地改变了人们的生活。句中给出的是动词invent（发明），The great后需接名词作主语，且great是形容词，应用来修饰名词，故需将动词invent变为名词invention（发明），故填invention。 32．After a long ________ (discuss), we reached an agreement. 【答案】discussion 【详解】句意：经过长时间的讨论，我们达成了一致意见。discuss为动词，意为“讨论”；空前有不定冠词a和形容词long，空处应用可数名词单数形式，discuss的名词形式是discussion。 33．Tourism is one of the main ________ (attract) of this city. 【答案】attractions 【详解】句意：旅游业是这座城市主要吸引人的地方之一。attract意为“吸引”，是动词，“one of+可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“……之一”，因此，此处用attract的名词复数形式attractions。 34．The girl has learned about world ________ (history) stories for three years. 【答案】historical 【详解】句意：这个女孩已经学习世界历史故事三年了。此处修饰名词stories，需用形容词；history的形容词是historical，意为“有关历史的，历史题材的”。 35．You should have enough ________ (勇气) to face your mistakes. 【答案】courage 【详解】句意：你应该有足够的勇气去面对你的错误。courage“勇气”，不可数名词，have enough courage to do sth“有足够的勇气做某事”。 三、完成句子 36．村民们昨天就怎样更好地发展当地旅游业进行了热烈的讨论。 The villagers had a lively ________ ________ how to better develop local tourism yesterday. 【答案】 discussion about 【详解】原句中“就……进行讨论”是关键词，表示“就……进行讨论”的短语是have a discussion about。前有不定冠词a，此处用名词单数即可。 37．The government has taken lots of steps to improve villagers’ living conditions. (改为同义句) Lots of steps ________ ________ ________ by the government ________ improve villagers’ living conditions. 【答案】 have been taken to 【详解】政府已经采取许多措施改善村民的生活条件。改为同义句，主动句变被动句。原句是现在完成时，现在完成时被动语态结构为have/has been+过去分词；主语Lots of steps为复数，助动词用have，take的过去分词是taken；to improve在句中作目的状语，变换句式保留不变。 38．这条铁路已经让200多万当地居民出行更加方便。 The railway has made travelling easier for ________ ________ ________ ________ local people. 【答案】 more than two million 【详解】原句中“200多万”是关键词，表示“多于、超过”用短语more than；“200万”表达为two million，million前有具体数字时用单数形式。故填more；than；two；million。 39．家用电脑和智能设备的普及给我留下最深刻的印象。 The ________ of home computers and smart devices ________ me most. 【答案】 popularity impresses 【详解】原句中“普及”是关键词，表示“普及”的单词是popularity；the后接名词。原句中“给……留下印象”是关键词，表示“给……留下印象”的单词是impress；句子描述个人的主观感受，用一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式impresses。 40．我们一起取得了如此巨大的成就，真是令人惊讶。 It’s amazing ________ ________ we have achieved together. 【答案】 how much 【详解】原句中“如此巨大”是关键词，表示“如此巨大的（成就）”的表达是how much，在句中作引导名词性从句的连接词，同时在从句中作achieved的宾语。 41．我希望世界各国能够和平共处，不再有战争，这样每个人都能过上和平幸福的生活。 I hope all countries in the world can ________ ________ peacefully and there will be no more wars, ________ ________ everyone can live a peaceful and happy life. 【答案】 get along so that 【详解】原句中“和平共处”和“这样”是关键词。“和平共处”用get along表达，get是动词，情态动词can“能够”后接动词原形，因此，第一空和第二空填get along；“这样”用so that表达，引导结果状语从句，因此第三空和第四空填so that。 42．科学技术的飞速发展，以及人们对更便捷生活日益增长的需求，带来了这些变化。 The fast development of science and technology, ________ ________ ________ people’s growing demand for more convenient life, brings about these changes. 【答案】 as well as 【详解】原句中“以及”是关键词，常用固定短语as well as表示，用来连接并列名词短语，符合语境。故填as；well；as。 43．这座桥让村民们渡河进城变得便捷。 The bridge ________ ________ ________ ________ the villagers to travel across the river to the city. 【答案】 makes it convenient for 【详解】原句中“让……变得便捷”是关键词，表示“使做某事对某人来说变得……”的句型为“make it+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”，本句主语The bridge是第三人称单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，make变为makes；表示“便捷的”形容词为“convenient”。故填makes；it；convenient；for。 44．In the past, _______ _______ ______ to travel in Guizhou. 在过去，在贵州旅行很困难。 【答案】 it was difficult/hard 【详解】原句中“困难”是关键词，用difficult或者hard表示。句子中有三个空格，且空格后面是动词不定式短语to travel in Guizhou，此处用“It be+adj.+to do sth.”结构，表示“做某事是……的”。时间状语In the past提示句子用一般过去时，因此be动词用was；“困难”用形容词difficult或hard表示。故填it；was；difficult/hard。 45．我们过去常常得长途跋涉去看医生，但是现在我们镇上已经建了一所新医院。 We ________ ________ have to travel far to see a doctor, but now our town ________ ________ a new hospital. 【答案】 used to has built 【详解】原句中“过去常常”和“已经建造”是关键词。表示“过去常常做某事”的常用固定短语是used to，后接动词原形；后半句表达“已经建造”，强调对现在造成的结果，要用现在完成时（have done），build“建造”，其过去分词为built；主语our town为单数，助动词用has；因此依次填入used to；has built。 语篇拔高练 Passage A 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每词限用一次。 change, since, build, move, fly, environment, pollute, fun, village, into Father once told me that when he was in primary school, he lived in a small 1 called Lijiashan. It was really a beautiful place. Birds 2 in the sky and ducks swam in the river happily. People in that area lived a peaceful life, but they were poor. But now, Lijiashan has changed 3 a busy town. All the changes began in 1998. People began to 4 an airport that year. A new park was also built. It was a good place for people to have 5 . Lots of local people left their homes and 6 into flats built by the government. More and more changes have taken place 7 then. People here are much richer now. They look happier than before. But the changes have also caused many problems. For example, the 8 is no longer as good as before. Sometimes more traffic means more 9 . Luckily, the government has taken action to solve these problems. Like most people living in my hometown, I like the improvement. Life never stops 10 . 【答案】 1．village 2．flew 3．into 4．build 5．fun 6．moved 7．since 8．environment 9．pollution 10．changing 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者家乡李家山从一个小村庄变成一个繁忙城镇的过程，以及这种变化带来的利弊。 【详解】46．句意：父亲曾经告诉我，当他上小学时，他住在一个叫李家山的小村庄里。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词small，需要填一个单数可数名词。备选词中只有 village“村庄”符合“居住地”的语义，且后文“called Lijiashan”进一步提示这是一个地名，故填village。 1．句意：鸟儿在天空中飞翔，鸭子在河里快乐地游泳。描述鸟儿在空中做什么，动词用fly“飞”。句中swam是过去式，提示全文为一般过去时，所以fly需变为过去式flew。 2．句意：但是现在，李家山已经变成了一个繁忙的城镇。change into意为“变成”。故填into。 3．句意：那年人们开始建造一个机场。begin to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，to后接动词原形。备选词中build“建造”与an airport“机场”构成合理的动宾搭配，故填build。 4．句意：那是人们娱乐的好地方。have fun意为“玩得开心/娱乐”，故填fun。 5．句意：许多当地人离开了家，搬进了政府建造的公寓。moved into意为“搬进”，与left their homes形成逻辑上的先后关系。and连接并列谓语，left为过去式，故move也应用过去式moved。 6．句意：从那时起发生了越来越多的变化。since then意为“从那时起”，常与现在完成时连用，文中“have taken place”提示此处填since。 7．句意：例如，环境不再像以前那么好了。定冠词the后接名词作主语。根据下文提到的问题可知，此处指环境。故填environment。 8．句意：有时更多的交通意味着更多的污染。空格前有more“更多的”，后面需要填一个不可数名词。前文提到“环境变差”，more traffic自然导致more pollution“更多污染”。备选词中pollute是动词“污染”，需变为名词pollution。 9．句意：生活从未停止变化。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，此处指生活从未停止变化的过程，应用动名词。故填changing。 Passage B 根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。 great discuss cover lead social choose house link sand narrow manage attract Dashiban is a 600‑year‑old village in Xichang, Sichuan Province. Long ago, it was a busy place on the Southern Silk Road. However, the village faced many problems. The roads were rougher and 1 . There was a shortage of good jobs and a lack of opportunities that led many villagers to leave. To change this, the local government decided to support the village with a new project in 2021, as part of our 2 countryside development. After much 3 , they decided to keep the village’s old charm (魅力). They improved old 4 and turned dirty tracks into wide roads. They also built new high‑tech digital systems and a convenient railway 5 the village to the outside world. These efforts have 6 improved the village and directly benefited local business. Chen Xiaoyu, a homestay (民宿) 7 , has run her business for years. She said she never expected her hometown to change so much. The project’s success has 8 many villagers working outside to return. Xiao Wenfang came back after learning about the changes and opened a restaurant. Now, Dashiban is a popular 9 Tourists love to dress themselves in traditional clothes and take photos. In conclusion, tourism is now the main business. People from different cities even 10 this small village to live in when they are free. They just want to enjoy the easy life here. 【答案】 1．narrower 2．social 3．discussion 4．houses/ housing 5．to link 6．greatly 7．manager 8．led 9．attraction 10．choose 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了四川省西昌市大石板村通过政府项目振兴乡村，改善基础设施，吸引游客和村民回归的故事。 【详解】56．句意：道路更加崎岖狭窄。and连接并列比较级，rougher是rough的比较级；narrow意为“狭窄的”，比较级narrower和rougher对应，用来描写旧时道路糟糕的状况，因此选用narrow变形为narrower。 1．句意：为改变这一状况，当地政府决定在2021年为这个村庄提供一个新项目的支持，作为我们社会乡村发展的一部分。countryside development是名词短语，前面需要形容词修饰；social意为社会的，social countryside development表示“社会层面的乡村建设”，符合政策语境，因此选用social。 2．句意：经过大量讨论之后，他们决定保留村庄古老的魅力。much后面接不可数名词；discuss是动词，名词形式discussion表示“讨论”，after much discussion是常用表达，因此选用discuss变形为discussion。 3．句意：他们修缮老旧房屋，把泥泞小路修成宽阔公路。old是形容词，后面接名词；house意为“房子”，此处用复数houses泛指村里多处旧房屋，贴合村庄改造的内容，因此选用house变形为houses。 4．句意：他们还修建全新的高科技数字系统和便捷铁路，把村子和外界连接起来。本句用不定式表修建铁路的目的；link...to...是固定搭配，表示把……和……相连，因此选用link变形为to link。 5．句意：这些举措极大地改善了村庄，直接惠及当地产业。improved是动词，要用副词来修饰；great是形容词，副词形式greatly意为“极大地”，用来体现改变的程度，因此选用great变形为greatly。 6．句意：陈笑羽是一名民宿经营者，已经经营这项生意很多年了。a后面接表示人的名词；manage是动词，名词manager意为“经营者、管理者”，用来介绍人物身份，因此选用manage变形为manager。 7．句意：这个项目的成功已经带领很多在外务工的村民返乡。本句为现在完成时，has后接动词过去分词；lead sb. to do sth.表示“带领某人做某事”，lead的过去分词是led，符合村民回乡的文意，因此选用lead变形为led。 8．句意：现在，大石板村是一处热门景点。popular是形容词，后面接名词；attract是动词，名词attraction意为“游览胜地”，tourist attraction是固定搭配景点，因此选用attract变形为attraction。 9．句意：来自不同城市的人们空闲时甚至选择这个小村庄居住。主语people是复数，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形；choose意为“选择”，贴合游客挑选此地小住的语境，因此选用choose。 Passage C 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。 digital  finally  but  by  tired  manager  minute  decide  carry  she Anna is a UK exchange student in China. She has been back in the UK for three days to spend the Christmas holiday with her family. She enjoys Christmas and the delicious food, 1 she has had some problems there. Firstly, she 2 to ride a shared bike to a shop to get some vegetables and meat. But it took 3 a long time to find a shared bike! She 4 found an old one. But that 20-minute ride cost her more than four pounds! Then after getting everything she needed in the shop, she wanted to pay with her smartphone. She asked the 5 to show the QR code, but he didn’t understand! Next, she tried to use her 6 wallet, but the shop’s payment system didn’t work. She was told to use cash. She had to go home to get some cash because she didn’t 7 her wallet. She got used to paying 8 digital payment when she was in China. Finally, she got home. She was so 9 that she didn’t want to cook. She ordered her favourite dishes through an app instead, but the delivery took plenty of time. When her dishes finally arrived 90 10 later, they were stone-cold! By then, she felt tired and hungry. For Anna, she has had a great holiday except for today. Thinking of the convenience of digital life, she is looking forward to going back to China. 【答案】 1．but 2．decided 3．her 4．finally 5．manager 6．digital 7．carry 8．by 9．tired 10．minutes 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了英国交换生安娜回英国过圣诞节时，因不习惯现金支付和共享单车等问题而遇到诸多不便，对比了中英数字生活的差异，表达了她对中国的向往。 【详解】66．句意：她很喜欢圣诞节和美味的食物，但是她在那里遇到了一些麻烦。前句“She enjoys Christmas and the delicious food”与后句“she has had some problems there”存在转折关系，结合方框词，应用转折连词but连接。 1．句意：首先，她决定骑共享单车去商店买些蔬菜和肉。空处缺少谓语动词，结合“to ride a shared bike to a shop”以及方框词可知，此处指决定骑共享单车去商店，decide to do sth为固定搭配，表示“决定做某事”，decide“决定”，动词，结合上下文，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词需用动词过去式decided。 2．句意：但是她花了很长时间才找到一辆共享单车！结合“But it took…a long time to find a shared bike!”以及方框词可知，此处为固定句型“It takes sb some time to do sth”，动词took后接人称代词宾格，方框词she的宾格为her，符合语法与语义。 3．句意：她终于找到了一辆旧的共享单车。空处需用副词修饰动词“found”，结合“found an old one”以及方框词可知，表示经过努力后的结果，应用finally表示“最终，终于”，符合语境。 4．句意：她请店主出示二维码，但是他并不明白。空格在“the”之后，需要名词，结合“to show the QR code”以及方框词可知，此处指请店主出示二维码，应用manager。 5．句意：接着，她试着使用她的数字钱包，但是商店的支付系统无法使用。此处修饰名词“wallet”，需要形容词，结合“digital payment”和“She was told to use cash.”以及方框词可知，此处为与现金支付对应的数字钱包，digital“数字的”符合语境。 6．句意：她不得不回家取现金，因为她没有随身携带钱包。助动词didn’t后接动词原形，结合“She had to go home to get some cash because she didn’t”以及方框词可知，此处指她没有携带钱包，carry“携带”符合语境。 7．句意：在中国的时候，她已经习惯使用数字支付。结合“paying…digital payment”以及方框词可知，此处指通过数字支付支付，by表示方式、手段，后接支付方式，符合语境。 8．句意：她太累了，不想做饭。“was so”后需接形容词作表语，结合“that she didn’t want to cook”以及方框词可知，此处表示她太累了，tired“劳累的”符合语境。 9．句意：当餐品90分钟后送到时，已经完全凉透了。“90”后面需要可数名词复数，结合“the delivery took plenty of time”和“they were stone-cold”以及方框词可知，此处指90分钟后，minute“分钟”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式minutes。 Passage D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Wuying, a Miao-majority village, located 1 Guangxi and Guizhou, has seen great changes over the past 10 years. With around 700 villagers living in 145 families, all are now above the poverty line (贫困线). The village 2 (make) progress in protecting the environment and education. Six years ago, local officials 3 (join) villagers in a tree-planting activity to celebrate Tree Planting Day, planting thousands of fruit trees. Now, as these trees have begun to bear fruit, the living environment in the village has improved. In the past, girls in the village usually helped with farming instead of 4 (go) to school because people there preferred boys. However, in March 2020, the government started night school programs 5 (teach) women Mandarin (普通话)． According to Liang Zuying, aged 50, the women in Wuying now have a few 6 (opportunity) to receive an education. As the 7 (old) daughter in her family, Liang has helped with housework and farming 8 she was 7 years old. Her dream of getting an education came true at the evening classes. “Even after a long and 9 (tired) day of work, they still want to be here，” said Pan Muzhi, who teaches at the night school. Now, the women of Wuying are learning new things. They use their phones to sell their fruits online. Life in the village is getting 10 (good). Their future is full of hope. 【答案】 1．between 2．has made 3．joined 4．going 5．to teach 6．opportunities 7．eldest/oldest 8．since 9．tiring 10．better 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了位于广西和贵州的乌英苗寨近十年来在生活、环境以及女子教育方面发生的巨大变化。 【详解】76．句意：乌英，一个苗族聚居村，坐落于广西和贵州之间，在过去十年间见证了巨大的变化。between...and...，表示“在……和……（两者）之间”，此处指村庄位于广西和贵州之间，故填between。 1．句意：这个村庄在环境保护和教育方面取得了进步。结合“over the past 10 years”所代表的时间背景，事情从过去一直延续到现在，句子需要使用现在完成时；主语The village为单数，对应的现在完成时结构为“has + 动词过去分词”，make的过去分词是made，故填has made。 2．句意：六年前，当地干部和村民一起参加植树活动来庆祝植树节，种下了成千上万棵果树。结合句中时间标志词Six years ago，事件发生在过去，句子时态用一般过去时；join的过去式为joined。 3．句意：过去，村里的女孩通常帮忙干农活而不是去上学，因为那里的人们重男轻女。instead of这一短语结构意为“代替、而不是”；of属于介词，介词后面的动词需要变为动名词形式，go的动名词为going。 4．句意：然而，在2020年3月，政府开设夜校课程，目的是教会妇女普通话。结合开设夜校课程的初衷语境，此处用动词不定式来表示开办项目的目的，故填to teach。 5．句意：据50岁的梁祖英说，乌英的妇女如今拥有了一些接受教育的机会。a few这一短语结构意为 “一些”，后面必须接可数名词的复数形式；opportunity的复数形式为opportunities。 6．句意：作为家里最年长的女儿，梁祖英从七岁起就帮忙做家务和农活。结合在一个家庭多个子女当中进行长幼对比的语境，此处要用形容词最高级；old的最高级形式为oldest/eldest，意为“年龄最大的”。 7．句意：作为家里最年长的女儿，梁祖英从七岁起就帮忙做家务和农活。结合主句动作从过去一直持续到现在的语境，since释义为“自从……以来”，用来引出时间起点，故填since。 8．句意：“即便经过漫长又令人疲惫的一天劳作，她们仍然愿意来到这里，”在夜校任教的潘木芝说道。结合空格用来修饰名词day，此处需要‑ing结尾的形容词，用来描述事物带给人的感受；tiring意为“令人疲惫的”，故填tiring。 9．句意：村子里的生活正变得越来越好。结合村庄前后生活状况形成对比，暗含今昔对比的含义，要用形容词的比较级；good的比较级是better，意为“更好的”，故填better。 Passage E This summer holiday, I went to Hohhot with my family. When we arrived, I noticed that the sky was sunny and the weather was cool. The air was not 1 (dirt) at all, so I felt refreshed with every breath. It was quite different from the big cities I visited before. Modern technology 2 (bring) about great changes recently. There is no 3 (short) of smart machines. We visited a dairy factory. A 4 (digit) robot guide could show us around with ease. It could talk and move 5 (lead) us through the workshop. A manager told us how modern farming has 6 (benefit) both the company and local people. The robot introduced the milk-making process, 7 collecting fresh milk to packaging the products. I didn't know there was so much technology behind the milk we drink every day. I also enjoyed the beautiful grassland. The grass was green, like a soft carpet stretching to the skyline. Standing in 8 middle of the grassland, I felt peaceful and free. This trip to Hohhot was both fun and educational. I learned a lot about modern food 9 (product) and enjoyed the fresh air and natural scenery. The experience is so fantastic 10 I will remember it for a long time. 【答案】 1．dirty 2．has brought 3．shortage 4．digital 5．to lead 6．benefited 7．from 8．the 9．products 10．that 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者暑假和家人去呼和浩特旅行的所见所感，感受当地清新环境，参观现代化乳制品工厂，领略草原风光，收获知识与美好回忆。 【详解】86．句意：空气一点也不污浊，所以我每一次呼吸都觉得神清气爽。空格放在be动词was后面，要用形容词作表语，dirt是名词，形容词形式dirty表示脏的、污浊的，故填dirty。 1．句意：现代科技最近带来了巨大的变化。时间状语recently（最近）是现在完成时标志，主语Modern technology是单数，现在完成时结构has+过去分词，bring的过去分词是brought，故填has brought。 2．句意：智能机器比比皆是。固定搭配there is no shortage of表示“不缺乏……，比比皆是”，short是形容词，名词形式shortage表示“短缺”，故填shortage。 3．句意：一台数字机器人向导可以轻松地带我们四处参观。空格修饰后面名词robot guide，需要形容词，digit是名词，形容词digital表示“数字的”，故填digital。 4．句意：它可以说话并且移动，带领我们穿过车间。本句已有谓语could talk and move，此处用非谓语动词，不定式to lead作目的状语，表示“移动的目的是带领我们参观车间”，故填to lead。 5．句意：一位经理告诉我们现代农业如何使这家公司和当地人都受益。has+过去分词构成现在完成时，benefit的过去分词是benefited，故填benefited。 6．句意：机器人介绍了牛奶制作过程，从收集鲜奶到产品包装。固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”，这里指从收集鲜奶到产品包装，故填from。 7．句意：站在草原中央，我感到平静又自由。固定短语in the middle of表示“在……的中央”，必须加定冠词the，故填the。 8．句意：我学到很多关于现代食品产品的知识，也享受清新的空气和自然风光。food products表示“食品、食品产品”，用复数表泛指各类食品，product复数products，故填products。 9．句意：这次经历如此奇妙，我会长久铭记。固定句型so…that…表示“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句，故填that。 Passage F 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 My hometown is a small town. It is in the southern part of Zhejiang Province. I left my hometown to work in Singapore 10 years ago. I tried my best to do what I could 1 (make) my life good. It is said that great changes 2 (take) place in the past ten years. Last month I came back to my hometown with my family. It is the 3 (one) time I have come back home. 4 my surprise, my hometown has changed a lot. The environment is getting 5 (beautiful) than 10 years ago. The streets are wider and cleaner. It is easier for us to get around. Trees and flowers are planted everywhere. In the past, people traveled by bike. 6 now they go to work by bus or by car. It’s much faster. What’s more, they will build 7 underground line next year. I am sure traveling will be better then. When I got home, my parents, together with my other friends, were waiting 8 (happy) for us. We enjoyed 9 (we). At dinner, they told me a lot about the changes in my hometown. I can’t imagine what my hometown will be like in another ten 10 (year) time. 【答案】 1．to make 2．have taken 3．first 4．To 5．more beautiful 6．But 7．an 8．happily 9．ourselves 10．years’ 【导语】本文主要讲述作者离开家乡前往新加坡工作十年之后，回到位于浙江南部的老家，看到家乡在环境、交通出行等方面发生了翻天覆地的变化，内心十分感慨，并畅想家乡未来发展的故事。 【详解】96．句意：我尽我所能去做事情来让我的生活变得美好。根据“I tried my best to do what I could...my life good”可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，用来表达尽力做事的目的，故填to make。 1．句意：据说在过去十年里发生了巨大的变化。根据时间状语in the past ten years可知，该时间标志需要使用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语changes为复数，助动词用have，take的过去分词是taken，故填have taken。 2．句意：这是我第一次回到家乡。句型“It is the first time+从句”表示“这是第一次做某事”，基数词one要变为序数词first。 3．句意：令我感到惊讶的是，我的家乡改变了很多。短语to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”，to置于句首首字母需要大写。 4．句意：环境变得比十年前更加漂亮了。根据比较级标志词than可知，形容词beautiful需要变为比较级，beautiful是多音节形容词，比较级在前面加more，故填more beautiful。 5．句意：在过去，人们骑自行车出行，但是现在他们乘坐公交车或者小汽车去上班。本句前后是过去与现在的转折对比逻辑，需要转折连词but，句首首字母大写。 6．句意：此外，他们明年将会修建一条地铁线路。underground是以元音音素开头的单词，单数可数名词前要用不定冠词an修饰。 7．句意：当我到家的时候，我的父母连同其他朋友都在开心地等候我们。空格修饰谓语动词waiting，需要使用副词形式，happy的副词形式为happily。 8．句意：我们玩得非常尽兴。搭配enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”，主语we对应的反身代词是ourselves。 9．句意：我无法想象再过十年我的家乡会是什么模样。 此处表示“十年的时间”，ten后面接名词复数years，复数名词的所有格直接加’，构成years’。 Passage G 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词(1个)或括号内单词的正确形式。 One lazy afternoon in a bookstore, I found a book 1 (call) The Last Days of Old Beijing by US writer Michael Meyer. The book name caught my eye and reminded 2 (I) of my home city, Beijing. Meyer’s writing brings us back to the old days of Beijing. In 2005, Meyer moved into a shared yard home in one of Beijing’s 3 (old) neighborhoods, Dashilan, on one of its hutongs. There he 4 (teach) English at a local school and lived among local people. He knew more about Beijing by getting close to the local culture. Hutong is 5 (wide) known to people in China. In the book, he describes the hutong and the shouts of street vendors (小贩), so lively that you feel like you’re right there. Beijing 6 (change) a lot for many years. The old houses made way for high buildings, shopping malls and other symbols 7 modern life. However, in the face of rapid (快速的) changes, some parts of old Beijing’s culture stayed strong. Keeping traditions like hanging “fu” and Spring Festival couplets is also very popular now. 8 (live) in Beijing’s hutong in the early morning is an enjoyable way to experience the city’s traditional lifestyle. However, The Last Days of Old Beijing showed new sides of the city I hadn’t seen before. How 9 (touch) it is when those small details of daily life in the old neighborhoods came to me! It made me think about how we can keep our traditions alive while also moving forward with changes. I wonder 10 you like it or not. If you have time, try reading to find the secret Beijing. 【答案】 1．called 2．me 3．oldest 4．taught 5．widely 6．has changed 7．of 8．Living 9．touching 10．whether 【导语】本文主要讲述作者在书店读到《再会，老北京》一书，书中描绘了北京胡同的市井生活与老城风貌，让作者感受到老北京传统文化，同时引发对城市发展中如何守护传统的思考。 【详解】106．句意：在一个懒散的下午，我在一家书店里发现了一本由美国作家迈克尔・麦尔写的书，名叫《再会，老北京》。book与call之间为被动关系(被叫作)，过去分词短语called作后置定语，修饰名词book。 1．句意：书名吸引了我的注意，让我想起了我的家乡北京。remind sb. of sth.是固定搭配，意为“使某人想起……”，空处位于动词remind之后，需使用I对应的人称代词宾格me，作宾语。 2．句意：2005年，麦尔搬进了北京最古老的街区之一—— 大栅栏的一处四合院里，就坐落在一条胡同里。根据“one of +the(此处已有限定词Beijing’s，需去掉the)+形容词最高级+复数名词”可知，形容词old的最高级为oldest，修饰后面的复数名词neighborhoods。 3．句意：他在那里的一所当地学校教英语，住在当地人中间。由“and lived”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，teach的过去式为taught。 4．句意：胡同在中国广为人知。修饰动词known，需用副词，wide对应的副词为widely。 5．句意：北京多年来变化很大。“for many years”为现在完成时的标志词，主语“Beijing”为第三人称单数，助动词使用has，change的过去分词是changed。 6．句意：老房子让位于高楼大厦、购物中心和其他现代生活的标志。symbols of为固定搭配，意为“……的象征/标志”，因此应填of。 7．句意：清晨在北京胡同里生活，是体验这座城市传统生活方式的一种令人愉快的方式。动名词短语作主语，live的动名词为living，句首首字母大写。 8．句意：当那些老街区日常生活中的小细节涌上心头时，是多么令人感动啊！感叹句“How+形容词+主语+谓语”，修饰事物用touching，意为“令人感动的”，符合语境。 9．句意：我想知道你是否喜欢它。wonder后接宾语从句，whether...or not为固定搭配，意为“是否”，因此应填whether。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $