内容正文:
Starter Unit 1—Starter Unit 3 重点语法
考点一:be动词(am / is / are)—— “是”的三种变身
一、知识精讲
be动词是英语中最基础的“系动词”,它本身有词义,但不独立作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成谓语。它在中文里通常翻译为“是”,但在很多情况下不译出(如 I'm fine. 中的“是”就不译)。
be动词在一般现在时中有三种形式:am、is、are。到底用哪一个,完全取决于主语的人称和单复数。
1. 口诀速记
“我用am,你用are,is连着他、她、它;单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。”
2. 搭配表格
主语(人称/词类)
be动词
教材原句示例
I(我)
am
I'm Peter Brown.
You(你/你们)
are
How are you?
He / She / It(他/她/它)
is
She is my friend.
单数名词(如:My name, The cap)
is
My name is Emma Miller.
复数名词(如:My keys, The rulers)
are
My keys are on the desk.
3. 句型结构
句式
结构公式
教材示例
肯定句
主语 + am/is/are + 其他
It is red.
否定句
主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他
No, it is not (isn't) in my schoolbag.
一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 其他?
Is it in your schoolbag?
肯定回答
Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
Yes, it is.
否定回答
No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.
No, it isn't.
4. 缩略形式
完整形式
缩略形式
完整形式
缩略形式
I am
I'm
is not
isn't
you are
you're
are not
aren't
he/she/it is
he's/she's/it's
(am not 没有缩略形式)
—
二、即学即用
一、用 am / is / are 填空
1.
2. I ___ a middle school student.
3. You ___ very kind.
4. She ___ my sister.
5. It ___ a black cat.
6. This ___ my schoolbag.
7. These ___ my books.
8. My parents ___ teachers.
9. Tom and Jack ___ good friends.
10. ___ your mother a doctor?
11. Where ___ my keys?
参考答案:1. am 2. are 3. is 4. is 5 .is 6. are 7. are 8. are 9. Is 10. are
二、句式填空或变形
1. 将句子改为否定句:
This is my ruler. → This my ruler.
2. 将句子改为一般疑问句:
He is a student. → he a student?
3. 用 be 动词填空,并作肯定回答:
· you from China?
· Yes, I .
4. 用 be 动词填空,并作否定回答:
· this your book?
· No, it .
5. 写出下列完整形式的缩略形式:
I am = you are = he is =
is not = are not =
参考答案:1. isn’t 2. Is 3. Are; am 4. Is; isn’t 5. I’m; you’re; he’s; isn’t; aren’t
考点二:不定冠词 a / an —— “一个”的讲究
一、知识精讲
冠词是放在名词前面的“帽子”。不定冠词表示泛指的“一个”,只有两种形式:a 和 an。用哪个不看拼写,看读音(音素)!
冠词
使用条件
教材词汇示例
a
后面名词的读音以辅音音素开头
a bottle(瓶子)、a cap(帽子)、a desk(书桌)
an
后面名词的读音以元音音素开头
an eraser(橡皮)、an apple、an orange
两大“坑词”请注意:
· a useful book:虽然u是元音字母,但读音是 /juː/,以辅音音素 /j/ 开头,所以用 a。
如:unique,universe,university等
· an hour:虽然h是辅音字母,但hour读音是 /aʊə/,h不发音,以元音音素开头,所以用 an。
如:honor;honest等
二、识记与应用小技巧
“看音不听字母”原则:千万不要只看单词首字母是不是 a, e, i, o, u。比如:
· a uniform(/juː/,辅音开头,用a)
· an honest boy(/ɒ/,元音开头,用an)
口诀:“元音前用an,辅音前用a,不看字母看音标。”
三、例句精解
教材原句①:I have a cap. (我有一顶帽子。)
精解:cap 以辅音音素 /k/ 开头,用 a。
教材原句②:I can't find my new glasses. (我找不到我的新眼镜了。)
精解:glasses通常以复数形式出现,因此前面不加 a 或 an。
四、即学即用
1. I have cap.
2. This is apple.
3. She has eraser.
4. He is honest boy.
5. It is useful book.
6. My father buys bottle of water.
7. There is orange on the table.
8. I need hour to finish my homework.
9. She wears uniform at school.
10. He wants to buy pair of glasses.
参考答案:1. a 2. an 3. an 4. an 5. a 6. a 7. an 8. an 9. a 10.a
考点三:可数名词复数变化(初步) —— “一个变多个”
一、知识精讲
英语中,可数名词有单数(表示一个)和复数(表示两个及以上)两种形式。
1. 规则变化
情况
变化规则
教材词汇示例
一般情况
直接加 -s
carrot → carrots、apple → apples、duck → ducks、pig → pigs
以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾
加 -es
box → boxes
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾
变 y 为 i 加 -es
family → families
2. 不规则变化(需特殊记忆)
单数
复数
说明
goose
geese
元音字母发生变化
sheep
sheep
单复数同形(一只羊/两只羊都一样)
child
children
特殊变化
二、识记与应用小技巧
口诀记忆:“一般直接加s;s,x,ch,sh加es;辅音加y变ies;特殊变形单独记。”
量词搭配自查法:
· 看到 How many(多少)后面必须接复数名词!
· 例:How many apple trees (√) / How many apple tree (×)
三、例句精解
教材原句①:How many apple trees does Fu Xing's grandpa have?
精解:How many 后必须接复数名词 trees,表示多棵苹果树。
教材原句②:He has pigs, horses, cows, ducks, sheep and chickens.
精解:除了sheep(单复同形)以外,其余均按规则变成了复数形式。
四、即学即用
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1.
1. apple → __________
2. carrot → __________
3. duck → __________
4. pig → __________
5. box → __________
6. bus → __________
7. watch → __________
8. dish → __________
9. family → __________
10. baby → __________
11. goose → __________
12. sheep → __________
13. child → __________
14. orange → __________
15. tree → __________
参考答案:1. apples 2. carrots 3. ducks 4. pigs 5. boxes 6. buses 7. watches 8. dishes 9. families 10. babies 11. geese 12.sheep 13.children 14.oranges 15.trees
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. How many __________ (duck) can you see?
2. I have three __________ (box) under my bed.
3. There are two __________ (family) in the picture.
4. Look! The __________ (goose) are swimming in the river.
5. My uncle has five __________ (sheep).
6. She wants to buy some __________ (apple).
7. These __________ (watch) are nice.
8. The __________ (child) are very happy.
9. I can see many __________ (pig) on the farm.
10. There are some __________ (bus) near the school.
参考答案:ducks boxes families geese sheep apples watches children pigs buses
考点四:指示代词 this / that / these / those — “这个/那个/这些/那些”
一、知识精讲
指示代词用于指代特定的人或事物,有“远近”和“单复”之分。
指示代词
含义
单复数
距离(空间/时间)
this
这个
单数
近处(离说话人近)
that
那个
单数
远处(离说话人远)
these
这些
复数
近处(离说话人近)
those
那些
复数
远处(离说话人远)
核心句型对应:
问句
回答
教材原句
What's this?(这是什么?)
It's a/an...
—What's this? —It's a cat.
What's that?(那是什么?)
It's a/an...
—What's that? —It's an apple tree.
What are these?(这些是什么?)
They're...
—What are these? —They're carrot plants.
What are those?(那些是什么?)
They're...
—What are those? —They're apple trees.
易错警示(重点!):
· 问单数(this/that),回答用 It's...,绝对不能用 This is...。
· 问复数(these/those),回答用 They're...,绝对不能用 These are...。
二、识记与应用小技巧
口诀记忆:“近用this/these,远用that/those;单数问用It答,复数问用They答;千万记住别用错,指示代词不答己。”
三、例句精解
教材原句①:—What are these? —They're carrot plants.
精解:these指代近处的复数物品,回答必须用 They're,不能用 These are。
教材原句②:—What's that? —It's a cat.
精解:that指代远处的单数物品,回答用 It's。
教材原句③:Look there! Another duck is behind the big tree.
精解:指代远方特定位置的鸭子,用there来呼应远处语境,虽然未直接使用that,但体现了远近区分意识。
考点五:方位介词 in / on / under —— “在哪里”
一、知识精讲
方位介词用于说明事物之间的空间位置关系。教材重点要求掌握三个:
介词
中文含义
空间关系
教材原句示例
in
在……里面
强调在某个封闭空间内部
Is it in your schoolbag? (它在你的书包里吗?)
on
在……上面
强调与表面接触
It's on your head! (它在你的头上!)
under
在……下面
强调垂直正下方(不一定接触)
It's under your desk. (它在你的书桌下面。)
结构公式:介词 + 冠词/物主代词 + 名词(构成“介词短语”,常放在be动词后面作表语)
· in the box(在盒子里)
· on my desk(在我的书桌上)
· under the bed(在床底下)
口诀记忆:“in在里,on在上(贴着面),under在下方;问我东西在哪放,三个介词来帮忙。”
二、例句精解
教材原句①:—Where is my baseball? —It's under the chair.
精解:where提问“地点”,介词短语under the chair作表语回答位置。
教材原句②:A pair of shoes is under the bed.
精解:a pair of shoes作主语,中心词是pair(单数),故be动词用is;under the bed作表语。
教材原句③:A cat is in the box. (一只猫在盒子里。)
精解:in the box强调猫在盒子内部。
考点六:特殊疑问句(初步)
一、知识精讲
1. 特殊疑问句结构总览
特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导,用来对句中某一部分进行提问,不能用Yes/No回答。
疑问词
提问内容
结构公式
教材原句示例
What
事物/姓名
What + be + 主语?
What's your name?
What colour
颜色
What colour + be + 主语?
What colour is the cap?
Where
地点位置
Where + be + 主语?
Where is my baseball?
How
状况/方式
How + be + 主语?
How are you?
How many
可数数量
How many + 复数名词 + 助动词 + 主语?
How many apple trees...?
核心公式:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序(be/助/情提前)?
二、识记与应用小技巧
1. “How many后跟复名” :看到How many,脑子里立刻条件反射——后面一定是复数名词。
2. “be动词提前变问句” :只要是be动词(am/is/are)作谓语,变一般疑问句一律把be动词提到句首。例如:It is red. → Is it red?
三、例句精解
教材原句①:—What colour is the cap? —It's red.
精解:对颜色提问,用What colour;主语cap是单数,be动词用is。
教材原句②:—How many tomato plants can you see? —I can see ten.
精解:how many后接复数名词tomato plants;can后接动词原形see。
教材原句③:Can you say hi to the class?
精解:Can引导的一般疑问句,回答用Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
四、即学即用
一、用 what, what colour, where, how, how many 填空
1. —______ is your name? —My name is Tom.
2. —______ colour is the cap? —It’s red.
3. —______ is my baseball? —It’s under the bed.
4. —______ are you? —I’m fine, thanks.
5. —______ many books do you have? —I have ten.
6. —______ colour are the shoes? —They’re black.
7. —______ are my keys? —They’re on the desk.
8. —______ is your father? —He is fine.
9. —______ many ducks can you see? —I can see five.
10. —______ are the children? —They are in the park.
参考答案:1.What 2.What 3.Where 4.How 5.How 6.What 7.Where 8.How 9.How 10.Where
词句基础练
一、单项选择
1.— How ________ you?
— I ________ fine, thanks.
A.is; am B.are; is C.are; am D.am; are
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你好吗? ——我很好,谢谢。
is是(主语为三单);am是(主语是I);are是(主语是复数)。you与are搭配,I与am搭配。所以填are;am。
2.—________ is that boy over there?
—He is my cousin, Peter.
A.What B.Who C.How D.Where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——那边那个男孩是谁?——他是我的表弟,彼得。
What什么;Who谁;How怎样;Where哪里。根据答语“He is my cousin, Peter.”可知,是在询问人物的身份,应用Who提问。
3.—________ you Helen?
—Yes, I ________.
A.Are; am B.Is; am C.Are; are D.Is; is
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你是海伦吗?——是的,我是。
第一空主语是you,be动词用Are;第二空主语是I,be动词用am。
4.This is ________ apple. ________ apple is red.
A.a; A B.an; The C.the; An D.an; A
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是一个苹果。这个苹果是红色的。
a一个,不定冠词,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,不定冠词,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表示特指。第一空,此处泛指“一个”苹果,apple以元音音素开头,用an;第二空,此处特指上文提到过的苹果,用定冠词The。应填an;The。
5.—What’s this ________ English?
—It’s a clock.
A.on B.at C.in D.for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这个用英语怎么说?——这是一个钟。
on在……上;at在……(具体时刻/小地点);in用(语言/媒介);for为了。“in English”为固定搭配,表示“用英语”,故填in。
6.—________ do you do?
—I’m a student.
A.How B.Where C.What D.Who
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你是做什么工作的?——我是一名学生。
How怎样;Where哪里;What什么;Who谁。根据答语“I’m a student.”可知,询问的是职业或身份,常用句型“What do you do?”。应填What。
7.—________ your name?
—My name ________ Emma.
A.What; is B.What’s; is
C.What; are D.What’s; are
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你叫什么名字?——我的名字是艾玛。
What什么;What’s是What和is的缩写。询问对方名字要用固定句型“What’s your name?”,主语“My name”是单数,be动词用is,应填What’s;is。
8.Jessica ________ any help because she can do it by herself.
A.needn’t to B.don’t need C.doesn’t need to D.doesn’t need
【答案】D
【详解】句意:杰西卡不需要任何帮助,因为她可以自己做。
空格后any help是名词,此处need作实义动词,后接名词不加to,否定句需借助助动词。主语Jessica是第三人称单数,助动词用doesn’t。A项needn’t是情态动词,后不加to;B项助动词don’t形式错误;C项实义动词接名词不应加to。
9.—________ do you keep your things so tidy?
—I always put them back after using.
A.What B.Who C.How D.Where
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你是如何把东西保持得如此整洁的?——我总是用完把它们放回去。
What什么;Who谁;How如何;Where哪里。根据答语“I always put them back after using.”可知,回答的是保持整洁的方式方法,故用How提问。
10.There is a nice clock ________ the wall of our classroom.
A.in B.on C.under D.at
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们教室的墙上有一个漂亮的钟表。
in在……里面;on在……上面;under在……下面;at在 (某处)。根据句子语境,钟表是挂在墙的表面,固定搭配on the wall意为“在墙上”,应填on。
11.Look! The dog is playing ________ the tree in the yard.
A.in B.on C.under D.at
【答案】C
【详解】句意:看!这只狗正在院子的树下玩耍。
in在……里面;on在……上面;under在……下面;at在……处。根据常识狗通常在地面活动,结合语境可知,是在树下玩耍,under the tree“在树下”符合语境。
12.—________ is your pencil?
—It’s green.
A.What B.What color C.How D.Where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你的铅笔是什么颜色的?——它是绿色的。
What什么;What color什么颜色;How怎样;Where哪里。根据答语“It’s green.”可知,这是在询问物体的颜色,应用What color提问。
二、完成句子
13.埃拉在湖里看见三只鹅吗?
Does Ella see ________ ________ in the lake?
【答案】 three geese
【详解】原句中“三只鹅”是关键词,“三”对应英文基数词three,“鹅”对应名词goose。因数量是“三”,名词需用复数形式。goose是不规则名词,其复数形式为geese。故填three;geese。
14.院子里有多少棵苹果树?
How many apple trees are there ________ ________ ________?
【答案】 in the yard
【详解】原句缺关键词“院子里”,对应短语in the yard,是固定短语。
15.鲍勃的祖父母在农场里有什么植物?
________ ________ do Bob’s grandparents have on the farm?
【答案】 What plants
【详解】原句中“什么植物”是关键词,“什么”对应疑问词What,“植物”对应名词plants,由于是泛指农场里的植物,通常使用复数形式plants。
16.有多少只奶牛?
________ ________ cows are there?
【答案】 How many
【详解】原句中“多少”是关键词,修饰可数名词复数cows,表示“多少”的短语是how many;本句为特殊疑问句,句首单词首字母大写。
17.农场上有许多绵羊。
There are many ________ on the farm.
【答案】
sheep
【详解】原句关键词“绵羊”对应单词sheep;“many”后接可数名词的复数形式;sheep属于单复数同形的名词。
18.那些是胡萝卜。
Those are ________.
【答案】
carrots
【详解】原句中“胡萝卜”是关键词,“胡萝卜”对应的英文单词是carrot。前面“Those”和“are”,都是复数标志,根据名词单复数一致原则,表语名词也应用复数形式。carrot为可数名词,其复数形式直接在词尾加-s,故填carrots。
19.These are flowers.(改为单数句)
________ ________ ________ flower.
【答案】 This is a
【详解】句意:这些是花。要把复数句改成单数句, These变为This,are变为is ,可数名词单数flower前面要加不定冠词a。
20.I have a ruler. (改为一般疑问句)
________ you ________ a ruler?
【答案】 Do have
【详解】句意:我有一把尺子。变为一般疑问句,主语“I”变为“you”,谓语动词“have”是实义动词,要借助助动词“Do”放在句首,后面动词用原形“have”。
21.That is a rabbit. (改为复数句)
________ ________ some ________.
【答案】 Those are rabbits
【详解】句意:那是一只兔子。变为复数句,“That”的复数是“Those”,“is”的复数是“are”,“rabbit”的复数是“rabbits”。
22.——刘东的祖父母有多少桃树?
——12棵。还有8棵苹果树。
—________ ________ ________ ________ do Liu Dong’s grandparents have?
—________ . And they have eight ________ ________ .
【答案】 How many peach trees Twelve apple trees
【详解】原句中的“有多少桃树”是关键词,是对可数名词的数量提问,固定句型为“How many+名词复数”;“桃树”的英文是peach tree,复数形式为peach trees;第五空回答数量12,英文单词为Twelve,位于句首首字母需大写;第六,七空“苹果树”英文为apple tree,因前面是eight,名词需用复数形式apple trees。
23.The two ducks are under the tree. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the two ducks?
【答案】 Where are
【详解】句意:两只鸭子在树下。划线部分under the tree表示地点,对地点提问用疑问词where,放句首首字母需大写,句子主语the two ducks是复数,be动词用are。
24.These horses are white. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ are these horses?
【答案】 What colour/color
【详解】句意:这些马是白色的。原句中划线部分white意为“白色的”,是用来描述颜色的形容词。对颜色进行提问需要使用特殊疑问词组What colour/color,句首单词首字母需大写。故填What;colour/color。
三、翻译
25.他的杯子是棕色的。
________________
【答案】His cup is brown.
【详解】“他的杯子是棕色的”译为His cup is brown.本句用主系表结构,形容词作表语;该句描述事物的客观颜色属性,应使用一般现在时;主语“他的杯子”译为His cup,形容词性物主代词His作前置定语修饰名词cup;主语“His cup”是第三人称单数,所以be动词用is;表语“棕色的”译为brown,直接用形容词说明主语的颜色特征。
26.我有一支绿色的铅笔。
________________.
【答案】I have a green pencil.
【详解】“我有一支绿色的铅笔”译为I have a green pencil.本句用主谓宾结构,形容词作定语。该句描述客观持有的状态,应使用一般现在时。主语“我”译为I;谓语“有”译为have,第一人称一般现在时用动词原形;宾语部分“一支绿色的铅笔”译为a green pencil,其中形容词green作前置定语修饰名词pencil。
27.那些是苹果树。
________________________________________
【答案】Those are apple trees.
【详解】“那些是苹果树。”译为Those are apple trees.,“那些”译为those,be动词使用are;“苹果树”译为apple trees,名词短语,复数,对应are。
28.看那边!那是一只小猫。
________________________________________
【答案】Look over there! That is a little cat.
【详解】“看那边!那是一只小猫。”译为Look over there! That is a little cat. “看那边”用Look over there,“那是”用That is,“一只小猫”用a little cat。
29.这些是什么?它们是小鸡。
________________________________________
【答案】What are these? They’re baby chickens.
【详解】“这些是什么?它们是小鸡。” 译为“What are these? They’re baby chickens.”。these(这些)为复数指示代词,对应be动词are;疑问句式为What are these,不能使用is。 回答these/those的问句时,必须用代词they进行替换,不用these/those重复回答。主语They后跟be动词are,缩写为They’re。chicken表示“小鸡”时为可数名词,复数形式chickens;baby作定语修饰chickens,baby chickens表示小鸡。
30.欢迎来到我们农场。
________________________________________
【答案】Welcome to our farm.
【详解】“欢迎来到我们农场”译为Welcome to our farm。“欢迎来到……”的固定表达是Welcome to…,放在句首首字母大写。“我们农场”译为our farm。
31.Ella的父母有多少棵苹果树?
________________________________________________?
【答案】How many apple trees do Ella’s parents have
【详解】“Ella的父母有多少棵苹果树?”译为“How many apple trees do Ella’s parents have”。其中“多少”修饰可数名词“树”,应使用特殊疑问词组How many;“苹果树”是可数名词,放在How many后需用复数形式apple trees;主语“Ella的父母”对应Ella’s parents,是复数,因此一般疑问句部分的助动词用do,谓语动词“有”用have;特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词组+一般疑问句语序”,即How many apple trees + do + Ella’s parents + have。
32.我是海伦,很高兴见到你。
__________________________________________________________________________.
【答案】I’m Helen. Nice to meet you.
【详解】“我是海伦,很高兴见到你。”译为I’m Helen. Nice to meet you.本句中“我”译为 I,作第一句主语;“是”用am,I am可缩写为I’m;海伦”译为Helen,作表语;“很高兴见到你”对应Nice to meet you,是初次见面的固定交际句型,to meet为动词不定式,you作meet的宾语。
33.保持你的房间整洁很重要。
__________________________________________________
【答案】It’s important to keep your room tidy.
【详解】“保持你的房间整洁很重要”译为It’s important to keep your room tidy。固定句型:It is+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”,其中It是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。“重要的”译为important;“整洁”译为tidy;“keep+宾语+形容词”意为“保持某物……的状态”,“保持你的房间整洁”译为keep your room tidy。
34.我的尺子在沙发上吗?
__________________________________________________
【答案】Is my ruler on the sofa?
【详解】“我的尺子在沙发上吗”译为Is my ruler on the sofa。其中“我的”用my,作定语修饰名词;“尺子”用ruler,作主语;本句是含有be动词的一般疑问句,把be动词Is提到句首;“在沙发上”用on the sofa,作地点状语。
35.他的书包在椅子下面。
__________________________________________________
【答案】His schoolbag is under the chair.
【详解】“他的书包在椅子下面”译为His schoolbag is under the chair。“他的书包”用His schoolbag;表示“在某处”存在,需用be动词,时态为一般现在时,主语schoolbag是单数,be动词用is;“在椅子下面”用under the chair,介词短语,作表语。
语篇拔高练
Passage A
I’m Sally. I am 36 tidy girl. In my room, the pens are always 37 the desk. 38 (I) green computer game is always there too. My shoes 39 (be) always under the bed. My black schoolbag is always on the sofa. I am tidy, 40 my dog Lucky is not. Look 41 my room. Lucky 42 (make) it messy (杂乱的). The 43 (book) are not on the desk. They 44 (be) here and there. My computer game is on the bed. 45 (that) dirty shoes are on the sofa. Oh, where are 46 (Lucky) shoes? Oh, they are under the bed. Where is Lucky? 47 (be) he under the bed? Is he under the sofa? No, he 48 (be not) in the room now. I can’t find 49 (he). My mother says, “You need 50 (keep) your room tidy.”
【答案】
36.a 37.on 38.My 39.are 40.but 41.at 42.makes 43.books 44.are 45.Those 46.Lucky’s 47.Is 48.isn’t 49.him 50.to keep
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍Sally是一个爱整洁的女孩,描述她房间物品的摆放,但是小狗Lucky把房间弄得很乱,Sally找不到小狗,妈妈提醒她要保持房间整洁。
【详解】36.句意:我是一个整洁的女孩。girl是可数名词单数,tidy以辅音音素开头,要用不定冠词a修饰,泛指一个女孩。
37.句意:在我的房间里,钢笔总是在书桌上。on the desk为固定搭配,表示“在书桌上”。
38.句意:我的绿色电子游戏机也总是在那里。修饰名词computer game需要用形容词性物主代词,I意为“我”,形容词性物主代词My意为“我的”,句首首字母大写。
39.句意:我的鞋子总是在床底下。主语My shoes是复数,一般现在时中be动词用are。
40.句意:我很整洁,但是我的小狗Lucky却不。前后句意形成转折关系,but意为“但是”,表转折。
41.句意:看我的房间。固定搭配look at意为“看……”。
42.句意:Lucky把它弄得乱糟糟的。本句为一般现在时,主语Lucky是第三人称单数,谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式,make意为 “使、让”,三单形式makes。
43.句意:书不在书桌上。本句be动词为are,说明主语是复数,book意为 “书”,复数形式books。
44.句意:它们到处都是。主语They是复数,一般现在时中be动词用are。
45.句意:那些脏鞋子在沙发上。修饰复数名词shoes要用that的复数形式those,意为“那些”,句首首字母大写。
46.句意:哦,Lucky的鞋子在哪里?修饰名词shoes需要用名词所有格,Lucky的所有格为Lucky’s意为“Lucky 的”。
47.句意:他在床底下吗?本句为一般疑问句,主语he是第三人称单数,be动词用Is,句首首字母大写。
48.句意:不,他现在不在房间里。主语he是第三人称单数,be动词否定缩写为isn’t。
49.句意:我找不到他。动词find后面要用人称代词宾格作宾语,he意为“他”,宾格形式him。
50.句意:我的妈妈说,“你需要保持你的房间整洁。” 固定搭配need to do sth意为“需要做某事”,keep意为“保持”,不定式为to keep。
Passage B
This unit teaches us 51 to greet people. 52 the morning, we say “Good morning”. We can also say “Hi” or “Hello” 53 classmates. Peter, Emma, Fu Xing and other students introduce 54 own names. When we first see someone, we say “Nice 55 meet you”. We learn 26 letters and group them 56 their sounds. There are short conversations 57 us to practise. We can ask others 58 their names and spell them. 59 is fun to talk with new friends 60 class.
【答案】
51.how 52.In 53.to 54.their 55.to 56.by 57.for 58.for 59.It 60.in
【导语】本文介绍英语入门单元学习内容,介绍该单元围绕初识问候、自我介绍、基础字母学习等。
【详解】51.句意:这个单元教我们如何问候他人。此处用“疑问词+不定式”结构,teach sb how to do sth意为“教某人如何做某事”,符合文意“教我们如何打招呼”。
52.句意:在早上,我们说“早上好”。此处说明特定时段的常用正式问候语,in the morning表示“在早上”,句首首字母需大写。
53.句意:我们也可以对同学说“嗨”或是“你好”。say sth to sb表示“对某人说某事”,所以填介词to。
54.句意:彼得、艾玛、福星和其他同学介绍他们自己的名字。主语“Peter, Emma, Fu Xing and other students”是复数名词,此处表示“他们自己的名字”,用形容词性物主代词their。
55.句意:当我们第一次见到别人时,我们说“很高兴认识你”。初次见面的标准交际用语Nice to meet you是固定交际用语,意为“很高兴见到你”,填介词to;
56.句意:我们学习26个字母,并且按照发音将字母归类。group...by...意为“按照……对……分组”,所以填by。
57.句意:有供我们练习的短对话。此处表示“供我们练习的短小对话”,填for符合for sb to do sth的结构。
58.句意:我们可以询问他人的名字,并且拼写出名字。ask sb for sth表示“向某人要某物”,此处符合“询问他人名字”的语境,因此填for。
59.句意:在课堂上和新朋友交谈十分有趣。本句是“It is +形容词+to do sth.”固定句型,意为“做某事是……”,句首首字母大写。
60.句意:在课堂上和新朋友交谈十分有趣。in class表示“在课堂上”,符合“There are short conversations for us to practise.”的语境,指“课堂上学生之间的对话”。
Passage C
Jeff Green has a bad habit. He can’t look after (照看) his things very 61 (good). Look! This is 62 (he) room. His things 63 (be) here and there. Look 64 his desk. Some things are on it. They’re a notebook, some CDs and videos (录像带). Jeff’s rulers and 65 (eraser) are on the desk too. He doesn’t put 66 (they) in his pencil box. Oh, what are 67 (that) under the chair? They are 68 (Jeff) books.
It’s eight in 69 morning, and Jeff is in bed. It’s Saturday. He 70 (not) go to school. Oh, what’s under the bed? It’s a basketball. Jeff likes 71 (play) basketball and he’s good at it. His schoolbag is also 72 the bed.
Why is it under the bed? We don’t know. What’s that under the sofa? It’s one of his 73 (sock). 74 is the other (另一个) one? We can’t see it. Jeff’s mother 75 (help) him find it under the desk.
【答案】
61.well 62.his 63.are 64.at 65.erasers 66.them 67.those 68.Jeff’s 69.the 70.doesn’t 71.playing 72.under 73.socks 74.Where 75.helps
【导语】本文讲述了Jeff有丢三落四的坏习惯,文章描述了他的房间很乱,物品到处乱放。周六早上不用上学,他还躺在床上,篮球、书包、袜子也到处乱丢,最后妈妈帮他找到了另一只袜子的故事。
【详解】61.句意:他不能好好照顾他的东西。此空作状语,修饰动词短语look after,需用good的副词形式well“好”。
62.句意:这是他的房间。此空作定语,修饰名词room,需用he的形容词性物主代词形式是his“他的”。
63.句意:他的东西到处都是。时态为一般现在时,陈述事实,主语His things是复数,be动词用are。
64.句意:看看他的桌子。look at“看……”,是固定搭配,需填介词at。
65.句意:Jeff的尺子和橡皮也在桌子上。and连接并列成分,rulers是复数,eraser也要用复数形式erasers。
66.句意:他没有把它们放在铅笔盒里。此空作动词put的宾语,需填人称代词they的宾格形式them“它们”。
67.句意:哦,椅子下面的那些是什么?句中are提示指示代词用复数,that的复数形式是those“那些”。
68.句意:它们是Jeff的书。此空作定语,修饰名词books,需用Jeff名词所有格形式Jeff’s。
69.句意:现在是早上八点,Jeff在床上。in the morning“在早上”,是固定表达,需加定冠词the。
70.句意:他不上学。时态为一般现在时,陈述事实,主语He是第三人称单数,否定用助动词doesn’t。
71.句意:Jeff喜欢打篮球,而且他很擅长。like doing“喜欢做某事”,是固定搭配,需填play的动名词形式playing。
72.句意:他的书包也在床下。根据下文“Why is it under the bed?”可知,书包在床下,需填方位介词under“在……下面”。
73.句意:这是他的一只袜子。“one of + 可数名词复数”表示“……之一”,是固定结构,需填sock的复数是socks。
74.句意:另一只在哪里?根据后一句“We can’t see it.”,此处是询问另一只袜子在哪里,需填疑问词where“在哪里”,句首首字母大写。
75.句意:Jeff的妈妈帮他在桌子下面找到了它。全文时态为一般现在时,陈述事实,主语Jeff’s mother是第三人称单数,需填help第三人称单数形式helps。
Passage D
We use three words 76 (show) positions: in, on and under. Ella loses her red cap and can’t find 77 (it). Her mum tells her the cap is under 78 (she) desk. Dad’s new glasses 79 (be) brown. They are on 80 (he) head. We must keep our room 81 (tidy). We write sentences about our own things: My schoolbag is red and it’s under my chair. In the project, we pick one thing 82 the classroom and write its name down. Others ask questions 83 its colour and place, then try 84 (guess). It’s an interesting game 85 us to practise prepositions.
【答案】
76.to show 77.it 78.her 79.are 80.his 81.tidy 82.from 83.about 84.to guess 85.for
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了英语中用来表示方位的三个介词in、on、under,并通过寻找物品的例句和课堂小游戏,讲述了如何练习使用方位介词。
【详解】76.句意:我们用三个单词来表示方位:in、on和under。该处需一个不定式,在句中作目的状语;use sth. to do sth.为固定结构,show对应的不定式是to show。
77.句意:Ella弄丢了她的红色帽子,找不到它了。该处需一个人称代词宾格,在句中作宾语;find后接宾格,it的宾格形式仍是it。
78.句意:她妈妈告诉她帽子在她的书桌下面。该处需一个形容词性物主代词,在句中作定语修饰desk;she对应的形容词性物主代词是her。
79.句意:爸爸的新眼镜是棕色的。该处需一个be动词,在句中作系动词;glasses为复数名词,时态为一般现在时,be动词用are。
80.句意:它们在他的头上。该处需一个形容词性物主代词,在句中作定语修饰head;he对应的形容词性物主代词是his。
81.句意:我们必须保持我们的房间整洁。该处需一个形容词,在句中作宾语补足语;keep sth.+ 形容词为固定结构,tidy本身就是形容词,表示整洁的。
82.句意:在这个活动中,我们从教室里挑选一样东西并写下它的名字。该处需一个介词,在句中表示来源;表示“从……”,用介词from。
83.句意:其他人询问关于它的颜色和位置的问题,然后试着猜一猜。该处需一个介词,在句中表示关于;表示“关于”,用介词about。
84.句意:其他人询问关于它的颜色和位置的问题,然后试着猜一猜。该处需一个不定式,在句中作宾语;try to do sth.为固定搭配,guess对应的不定式是to guess。
85.句意:对我们来说,这是一个练习介词的有趣游戏。该处需一个介词,在句中引出对象;It’s + 名词 + for sb. to do sth.为固定句型,表示“对某人来说做某事是……”,用介词for。
Passage E
Good morning! I’m a Chinese boy. My name 86 (be) Wang Zhenhua. You can 87 (call) me Zhenhua.
Look at the two pictures! The first one is my room. My schoolbag is on the chair. Some books and a cup 88 (be) on the desk. My basketball is 89 the bed. My room is very 90 (tidy).
The second one is my uncle’s farm. It’s big 91 beautiful. We often have fun on the farm. My uncle 92 (have) three cows. They are black and white. Look! Two 93 (horse), three sheep are on the grass. Some white geese and baby 94 (duck) are swimming in the pool. Look at the small house! It is for my uncle’s rabbits. 95 many rabbits does he have? I don’t know. Can you help me count them?
【答案】
86.is 87.call 88.are 89.under/on 90.tidy 91.and 92.has 93.horses 94.ducks 95.How
【导语】本文作者通过描述自己的房间和叔叔的农场,呈现了物品位置、动物数量及农场环境。
【详解】86.句意:我的名字叫王振华。主语“My name”为第三人称单数,描述客观事实用一般现在时,故be动词用is。
87.句意:你可以叫我振华。情态动词“can”后接动词原形,故填call。
88.句意:一些书和一个杯子在桌子上。主语“Some books and a cup”为复数,描述客观事实用一般现在时,故be动词用are。
89.句意:我的篮球在床下面/上面。根据前文描述房间物品位置,此处需填方位介词,“under the bed”(在床下)或“on the bed”(在床上)均可,故填under/on。
90.句意:我的房间非常整洁。空格前有副词“very”修饰,后无名词,需填形容词作表语,故填tidy。
91.句意:它又大又漂亮。空格连接两个并列形容词“big”和“beautiful”,表并列关系用and。
92.句意:我叔叔有三头奶牛。主语“My uncle”为第三人称单数,描述客观事实用一般现在时,故动词用has。
93.句意:看!两匹马和三只羊在草地上。数词“Two”后接可数名词复数,horse的复数形式为horses。
94.句意:一些白鹅和鸭宝宝在池塘里游泳。根据“Some”及并列主语“white geese”可知,空白处为复数概念,duck的复数形式为ducks。
95.句意:他有多少只兔子?空格位于句首,后接“many rabbits”询问数量,特殊疑问词用How,位于句首时首字母大写。
Passage F
Mr. Brown has a small farm in the countryside. 96 (this) cute animals on his farm are all his favourites. He loves to count them every morning when the sun comes up.
Let me tell you how many 97 (animal) he has. 98 (that) black and white animal over there is a very fat cow. There are 99 (seven) sheep eating green grass on the hill, and three more are near the river. My brother always helps Mr. Brown 100 (dig) the carrots in the vegetable garden. Look! 101 (those) white ducks are swimming happily across the small lake. The little rabbit 102 (take) a carrot from the garden just ten minutes ago. “Can you see the three 103 (horse) running near the apple tree?” Mr. Brown asks me. I will try 104 (count) all the animals again to make sure I get the right number.
105 a warm sunny day on the farm, everyone feels happy and relaxed.
【答案】
96.These 97.animals 98.That 99.seven 100.dig/to dig 101.Those 102.took 103.horses 104.to count 105.On
【导语】本文讲述了布朗先生在乡下有一个小农场。他喜欢每天早上数他的动物的故事。
【详解】96.句意:他农场里这些可爱的动物都是他的最爱。后文的animals是复数名词,需要用复数形式的指示代词;括号内提示词this为单数指示代词,对应的复数形式是these。
97.句意:让我告诉你他有多少只动物。前面的how many 表示“多少”,后必须接可数名词复数;括号内提示词animal为可数名词,需变为复数形式animals
98.句意:那边那只黑白相间的动物是一头非常胖的奶牛。后文的animal是单数名词,且over there表示“在那边”,指较远的事物;括号内提示词that本身就是指较远事物的单数指示代词,填That。
99.句意:山上有七只羊在吃青草,还有三只在河边。句子表达的是“七只羊”,直接用基数词表示数量即可;括号内提示词seven本身就是基数词,形式不变。
100.句意:我的兄弟总是帮布朗先生在菜园里挖胡萝卜。固定搭配help sb. (to) do sth.,意为“帮助某人做某事”;既可以用原形dig,也可以用不定式to dig。
101.句意:看!那些白鸭子正欢快地游过小湖。后文的white ducks是复数名词,需要用复数形式的指示代词;括号内提示词those本身就是复数指示代词,句首首字母大写,形式不变。
102.句意:那只小兔子十分钟前从花园里叼走了一根胡萝卜。时间状语just ten minutes ago表示“十分钟前”,提示句子时态为一般过去时;括号内提示词take为动词原形,需变为过去式took。
103.句意:“你能看见那三匹马在苹果树旁边跑吗?”布朗先生问我。前面的数词three表示数量,后接可数名词复数;括号内提示词horse为可数名词,需变为复数形式horses。
104.句意:我会试着再数一遍所有的动物,确保得到正确的数量。will try构成固定搭配try to do sth.,意为“尽力做某事”;括号内提示词count为动词原形,需变为不定式to count。
105.句意:在农场里这个温暖晴朗的日子,每个人都感到开心和放松。后文的a warm sunny day是具体的某一天,表示“在某一天”要用介词on,句首首字母大写。
Passage G
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
from health go tomato a have grow beautiful it and
Students usually study Chinese, math, English and science at school. But now, a new subject 106 into some schools—school gardening! It’s 107 outdoor subject. In this class, students learn to 108 plants.
The students like this subject very much. Why do they enjoy 109 ? Because they can have great fun. It’s different 110 other indoor subjects. The students can go out of the classroom 111 do many things by themselves. Some students like to grow 112 . Some other students like to grow flowers. When it’s spring, the flowers look really 113 .
It’s not just about fun. There are also many other good things about school gardening. School gardening can help the students keep 114 , I think. Most students like 115 this outdoor class. I hope more schools will have this kind of new subject.
【答案】
106.goes 107.an 108.grow 109.it 110.from 111.and 112.tomatoes 113.beautiful 114.healthy 115.having
【导语】本文介绍了学校园艺课这一新科目,说明了它的内容、学生喜爱的原因以及它带来的好处。
【详解】106.句意:但是现在,一门新科目进入了一些学校——校园园艺!根据“a new subject … into some schools”可知此处表达“进入”,方框内go有“去、进入”含义;主语a new subject是单数名词,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式goes。
107.句意:它是一门户外科目。此处需要不定冠词修饰可数名词单数subject;outdoor是以元音音素开头的单词,需用不定冠词an。
108.句意:在这门课上,学生学习种植植物。可知此处表达“种植”植物,方框内grow意为“种植”;固定搭配learn to do sth.意为“学习做某事”,to后接动词原形grow。
109.句意:他们为什么喜欢它?此处代词指代前文的“this subject”,方框内it可指代单数事物,作enjoy的宾语。
110.句意:它和其他室内科目不一样。固定搭配be different from意为“与……不同”,故填from。
111.句意:学生可以走出教室并且独立做很多事情。空格前后“go out of the classroom”和“do many things”是两个并列的动作,用并列连词and连接。
112.句意:一些学生喜欢种植西红柿。“grow”后接农作物,此处指种植蔬果,方框内tomato意为“西红柿”,此处表一类事物需使用复数形式tomatoes。
113.句意:到春天的时候,这些花朵看起来真漂亮。感官动词look后接形容词作表语,修饰flowers,方框内beautiful是形容词,意为“漂亮的”。
114.句意:我认为校园园艺能帮助学生保持健康。固定搭配keep healthy意为“保持健康”,方框内health是名词,需变形为形容词healthy。
115.句意:大部分学生喜欢上这门户外课程。 固定搭配like doing sth.意为喜欢做某事,like后接动名词形式。固定搭配“have class”表示“上课”,方框内have需变为动名词having。
从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次,有两项多余。
Passage H
thing at usually when watch but book and have tidy before she
Here are two pictures of my sister’s and my brother’s rooms. The first one is 116 , but the second one is in a mess (一片混乱).
Now let’s look 117 the picture of Anna’s room. Anna is my sister. Her room is clean and bright. You can see some 118 in it. There is a nice picture on the wall. 119 favorite color is green. You can see a green desk in the room. Anna’s key, schoolbag 120 pencil box are on the desk. Pens, pencils and erasers are inside the pencil box. You can see an English 121 on the desk too. She also 122 an English-Chinese dictionary. 123 she goes back home, she often does homework carefully. What is that under the desk? It’s a kite. She 124 flies kites with her classmates happily at the weekend. Where is the computer? Oh, it’s on the table. She enjoys 125 films on the computer. It’s so fun.
【答案】
116.tidy 117.at 118.things 119.Her 120.and 121.book 122.has 123.When 124.usually 125.watching
【导语】本文通过对比两张不同的房间照片,介绍了作者姐姐Anna的整洁房间的陈设,以及Anna日常的学习和休闲爱好。
【详解】116.句意:第一个是整洁的,但是第二个一片混乱。后文“but the second one is in a mess”表转折,因此第一间房间是整洁的,形容词tidy符合语义。
117.句意:现在让我们看看Anna房间的照片。此处使用搭配look at,表示“看”,符合“看安娜房间的照片”的语境。
118.句意:你能在里面看见一些东西。“some”后接可数名词复数,结合语境表示“房间里能看到一些东西”,将thing变为复数形式things。
119.句意:她最喜欢的颜色是绿色。此处修饰名词“favorite color”,需要形容词性物主代词,指代前文的女性Anna,将she变为Her,句首首字母大写。
120.句意:Anna的钥匙、书包和铅笔盒在书桌上。“key”和“schoolbag”和“pencil box”是并列关系,用并列连词and连接。
121.句意:你还能在书桌上看见一本英语书。不定冠词“an”后接单数可数名词,结合语境“书桌上还有一本英语书”,选book。
122.句意:她还有一本英汉词典。主语“She”是第三人称单数,本句表示“她拥有一本英汉字典”,全文是一般现在时,将动词have变为第三人称单数形式has。
123.句意:当她回家的时候,她经常仔细做作业。引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,且位于句首首字母需大写,填入When。
124.句意:她通常在周末和她的同学们开心地放风筝。本句描述安娜周末放风筝的频率,副词usually表示“通常”,符合语义。
125.句意:她喜欢在电脑上看电影。此处使用搭配enjoy doing sth.,表示“喜欢做某事”,结合语境“在电脑上看电影”,将watch变为动名词watching。
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Starter Unit 1—Starter Unit 3 重点语法
考点一:be动词(am / is / are)—— “是”的三种变身
一、知识精讲
be动词是英语中最基础的“系动词”,它本身有词义,但不独立作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成谓语。它在中文里通常翻译为“是”,但在很多情况下不译出(如 I'm fine. 中的“是”就不译)。
be动词在一般现在时中有三种形式:am、is、are。到底用哪一个,完全取决于主语的人称和单复数。
1. 口诀速记
“我用am,你用are,is连着他、她、它;单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。”
2. 搭配表格
主语(人称/词类)
be动词
教材原句示例
I(我)
am
I'm Peter Brown.
You(你/你们)
are
How are you?
He / She / It(他/她/它)
is
She is my friend.
单数名词(如:My name, The cap)
is
My name is Emma Miller.
复数名词(如:My keys, The rulers)
are
My keys are on the desk.
3. 句型结构
句式
结构公式
教材示例
肯定句
主语 + am/is/are + 其他
It is red.
否定句
主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他
No, it is not (isn't) in my schoolbag.
一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 其他?
Is it in your schoolbag?
肯定回答
Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
Yes, it is.
否定回答
No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.
No, it isn't.
4. 缩略形式
完整形式
缩略形式
完整形式
缩略形式
I am
I'm
is not
isn't
you are
you're
are not
aren't
he/she/it is
he's/she's/it's
(am not 没有缩略形式)
—
二、即学即用
一、用 am / is / are 填空
1.
2. I ___ a middle school student.
3. You ___ very kind.
4. She ___ my sister.
5. It ___ a black cat.
6. This ___ my schoolbag.
7. These ___ my books.
8. My parents ___ teachers.
9. Tom and Jack ___ good friends.
10. ___ your mother a doctor?
11. Where ___ my keys?
二、句式填空或变形
1. 将句子改为否定句:
This is my ruler. → This my ruler.
2. 将句子改为一般疑问句:
He is a student. → he a student?
3. 用 be 动词填空,并作肯定回答:
· you from China?
· Yes, I .
4. 用 be 动词填空,并作否定回答:
· this your book?
· No, it .
5. 写出下列完整形式的缩略形式:
I am = you are = he is =
is not = are not =
考点二:不定冠词 a / an —— “一个”的讲究
一、知识精讲
冠词是放在名词前面的“帽子”。不定冠词表示泛指的“一个”,只有两种形式:a 和 an。用哪个不看拼写,看读音(音素)!
冠词
使用条件
教材词汇示例
a
后面名词的读音以辅音音素开头
a bottle(瓶子)、a cap(帽子)、a desk(书桌)
an
后面名词的读音以元音音素开头
an eraser(橡皮)、an apple、an orange
两大“坑词”请注意:
· a useful book:虽然u是元音字母,但读音是 /juː/,以辅音音素 /j/ 开头,所以用 a。
如:unique,universe,university等
· an hour:虽然h是辅音字母,但hour读音是 /aʊə/,h不发音,以元音音素开头,所以用 an。
如:honor;honest等
二、识记与应用小技巧
“看音不听字母”原则:千万不要只看单词首字母是不是 a, e, i, o, u。比如:
· a uniform(/juː/,辅音开头,用a)
· an honest boy(/ɒ/,元音开头,用an)
口诀:“元音前用an,辅音前用a,不看字母看音标。”
三、例句精解
教材原句①:I have a cap. (我有一顶帽子。)
精解:cap 以辅音音素 /k/ 开头,用 a。
教材原句②:I can't find my new glasses. (我找不到我的新眼镜了。)
精解:glasses通常以复数形式出现,因此前面不加 a 或 an。
四、即学即用
1. I have cap.
2. This is apple.
3. She has eraser.
4. He is honest boy.
5. It is useful book.
6. My father buys bottle of water.
7. There is orange on the table.
8. I need hour to finish my homework.
9. She wears uniform at school.
10. He wants to buy pair of glasses.
考点三:可数名词复数变化(初步) —— “一个变多个”
一、知识精讲
英语中,可数名词有单数(表示一个)和复数(表示两个及以上)两种形式。
1. 规则变化
情况
变化规则
教材词汇示例
一般情况
直接加 -s
carrot → carrots、apple → apples、duck → ducks、pig → pigs
以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾
加 -es
box → boxes
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾
变 y 为 i 加 -es
family → families
2. 不规则变化(需特殊记忆)
单数
复数
说明
goose
geese
元音字母发生变化
sheep
sheep
单复数同形(一只羊/两只羊都一样)
child
children
特殊变化
二、识记与应用小技巧
口诀记忆:“一般直接加s;s,x,ch,sh加es;辅音加y变ies;特殊变形单独记。”
量词搭配自查法:
· 看到 How many(多少)后面必须接复数名词!
· 例:How many apple trees (√) / How many apple tree (×)
三、例句精解
教材原句①:How many apple trees does Fu Xing's grandpa have?
精解:How many 后必须接复数名词 trees,表示多棵苹果树。
教材原句②:He has pigs, horses, cows, ducks, sheep and chickens.
精解:除了sheep(单复同形)以外,其余均按规则变成了复数形式。
四、即学即用
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1.
1. apple → __________
2. carrot → __________
3. duck → __________
4. pig → __________
5. box → __________
6. bus → __________
7. watch → __________
8. dish → __________
9. family → __________
10. baby → __________
11. goose → __________
12. sheep → __________
13. child → __________
14. orange → __________
15. tree → __________
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. How many __________ (duck) can you see?
2. I have three __________ (box) under my bed.
3. There are two __________ (family) in the picture.
4. Look! The __________ (goose) are swimming in the river.
5. My uncle has five __________ (sheep).
6. She wants to buy some __________ (apple).
7. These __________ (watch) are nice.
8. The __________ (child) are very happy.
9. I can see many __________ (pig) on the farm.
10. There are some __________ (bus) near the school.
考点四:指示代词 this / that / these / those — “这个/那个/这些/那些”
一、知识精讲
指示代词用于指代特定的人或事物,有“远近”和“单复”之分。
指示代词
含义
单复数
距离(空间/时间)
this
这个
单数
近处(离说话人近)
that
那个
单数
远处(离说话人远)
these
这些
复数
近处(离说话人近)
those
那些
复数
远处(离说话人远)
核心句型对应:
问句
回答
教材原句
What's this?(这是什么?)
It's a/an...
—What's this? —It's a cat.
What's that?(那是什么?)
It's a/an...
—What's that? —It's an apple tree.
What are these?(这些是什么?)
They're...
—What are these? —They're carrot plants.
What are those?(那些是什么?)
They're...
—What are those? —They're apple trees.
易错警示(重点!):
· 问单数(this/that),回答用 It's...,绝对不能用 This is...。
· 问复数(these/those),回答用 They're...,绝对不能用 These are...。
二、识记与应用小技巧
口诀记忆:“近用this/these,远用that/those;单数问用It答,复数问用They答;千万记住别用错,指示代词不答己。”
三、例句精解
教材原句①:—What are these? —They're carrot plants.
精解:these指代近处的复数物品,回答必须用 They're,不能用 These are。
教材原句②:—What's that? —It's a cat.
精解:that指代远处的单数物品,回答用 It's。
教材原句③:Look there! Another duck is behind the big tree.
精解:指代远方特定位置的鸭子,用there来呼应远处语境,虽然未直接使用that,但体现了远近区分意识。
考点五:方位介词 in / on / under —— “在哪里”
一、知识精讲
方位介词用于说明事物之间的空间位置关系。教材重点要求掌握三个:
介词
中文含义
空间关系
教材原句示例
in
在……里面
强调在某个封闭空间内部
Is it in your schoolbag? (它在你的书包里吗?)
on
在……上面
强调与表面接触
It's on your head! (它在你的头上!)
under
在……下面
强调垂直正下方(不一定接触)
It's under your desk. (它在你的书桌下面。)
结构公式:介词 + 冠词/物主代词 + 名词(构成“介词短语”,常放在be动词后面作表语)
· in the box(在盒子里)
· on my desk(在我的书桌上)
· under the bed(在床底下)
口诀记忆:“in在里,on在上(贴着面),under在下方;问我东西在哪放,三个介词来帮忙。”
二、例句精解
教材原句①:—Where is my baseball? —It's under the chair.
精解:where提问“地点”,介词短语under the chair作表语回答位置。
教材原句②:A pair of shoes is under the bed.
精解:a pair of shoes作主语,中心词是pair(单数),故be动词用is;under the bed作表语。
教材原句③:A cat is in the box. (一只猫在盒子里。)
精解:in the box强调猫在盒子内部。
考点六:特殊疑问句(初步)
一、知识精讲
1. 特殊疑问句结构总览
特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导,用来对句中某一部分进行提问,不能用Yes/No回答。
疑问词
提问内容
结构公式
教材原句示例
What
事物/姓名
What + be + 主语?
What's your name?
What colour
颜色
What colour + be + 主语?
What colour is the cap?
Where
地点位置
Where + be + 主语?
Where is my baseball?
How
状况/方式
How + be + 主语?
How are you?
How many
可数数量
How many + 复数名词 + 助动词 + 主语?
How many apple trees...?
核心公式:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序(be/助/情提前)?
二、识记与应用小技巧
1. “How many后跟复名” :看到How many,脑子里立刻条件反射——后面一定是复数名词。
2. “be动词提前变问句” :只要是be动词(am/is/are)作谓语,变一般疑问句一律把be动词提到句首。例如:It is red. → Is it red?
三、例句精解
教材原句①:—What colour is the cap? —It's red.
精解:对颜色提问,用What colour;主语cap是单数,be动词用is。
教材原句②:—How many tomato plants can you see? —I can see ten.
精解:how many后接复数名词tomato plants;can后接动词原形see。
教材原句③:Can you say hi to the class?
精解:Can引导的一般疑问句,回答用Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
四、即学即用
一、用 what, what colour, where, how, how many 填空
1. —______ is your name? —My name is Tom.
2. —______ colour is the cap? —It’s red.
3. —______ is my baseball? —It’s under the bed.
4. —______ are you? —I’m fine, thanks.
5. —______ many books do you have? —I have ten.
6. —______ colour are the shoes? —They’re black.
7. —______ are my keys? —They’re on the desk.
8. —______ is your father? —He is fine.
9. —______ many ducks can you see? —I can see five.
10. —______ are the children? —They are in the park.
词句基础练
一、单项选择
1.— How ________ you?
— I ________ fine, thanks.
A.is; am B.are; is C.are; am D.am; are
2.—________ is that boy over there?
—He is my cousin, Peter.
A.What B.Who C.How D.Where
3.—________ you Helen?
—Yes, I ________.
A.Are; am B.Is; am C.Are; are D.Is; is
4.This is ________ apple. ________ apple is red.
A.a; A B.an; The C.the; An D.an; A
5.—What’s this ________ English?
—It’s a clock.
A.on B.at C.in D.for
6.—________ do you do?
—I’m a student.
A.How B.Where C.What D.Who
7.—________ your name?
—My name ________ Emma.
A.What; is B.What’s; is
C.What; are D.What’s; are
8.Jessica ________ any help because she can do it by herself.
A.needn’t to B.don’t need C.doesn’t need to D.doesn’t need
9.—________ do you keep your things so tidy?
—I always put them back after using.
A.What B.Who C.How D.Where
10.There is a nice clock ________ the wall of our classroom.
A.in B.on C.under D.at
11.Look! The dog is playing ________ the tree in the yard.
A.in B.on C.under D.at
12.—________ is your pencil?
—It’s green.
A.What B.What color C.How D.Where
二、完成句子
13.埃拉在湖里看见三只鹅吗?
Does Ella see ________ ________ in the lake?
14.院子里有多少棵苹果树?
How many apple trees are there ________ ________ ________?
15.鲍勃的祖父母在农场里有什么植物?
________ ________ do Bob’s grandparents have on the farm?
16.有多少只奶牛?
________ ________ cows are there?
17.农场上有许多绵羊。
There are many ________ on the farm.
18.那些是胡萝卜。
Those are ________.
19.These are flowers.(改为单数句)
________ ________ ________ flower.
20.I have a ruler. (改为一般疑问句)
________ you ________ a ruler?
21.That is a rabbit. (改为复数句)
________ ________ some ________.
22.——刘东的祖父母有多少桃树?
——12棵。还有8棵苹果树。
—________ ________ ________ ________ do Liu Dong’s grandparents have?
—________ . And they have eight ________ ________ .
23.The two ducks are under the tree. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the two ducks?
24.These horses are white. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ are these horses?
三、翻译
25.他的杯子是棕色的。
________________
26.我有一支绿色的铅笔。
________________.
27.那些是苹果树。
________________________________________
28.看那边!那是一只小猫。
________________________________________
29.这些是什么?它们是小鸡。
________________________________________
30.欢迎来到我们农场。
________________________________________
31.Ella的父母有多少棵苹果树?
________________________________________________?
32.我是海伦,很高兴见到你。
__________________________________________________________________________.
33.保持你的房间整洁很重要。
__________________________________________________
34.我的尺子在沙发上吗?
__________________________________________________
35.他的书包在椅子下面。
__________________________________________________
语篇拔高练
Passage A
I’m Sally. I am 36 tidy girl. In my room, the pens are always 37 the desk. 38 (I) green computer game is always there too. My shoes 39 (be) always under the bed. My black schoolbag is always on the sofa. I am tidy, 40 my dog Lucky is not. Look 41 my room. Lucky 42 (make) it messy (杂乱的). The 43 (book) are not on the desk. They 44 (be) here and there. My computer game is on the bed. 45 (that) dirty shoes are on the sofa. Oh, where are 46 (Lucky) shoes? Oh, they are under the bed. Where is Lucky? 47 (be) he under the bed? Is he under the sofa? No, he 48 (be not) in the room now. I can’t find 49 (he). My mother says, “You need 50 (keep) your room tidy.”
Passage B
This unit teaches us 51 to greet people. 52 the morning, we say “Good morning”. We can also say “Hi” or “Hello” 53 classmates. Peter, Emma, Fu Xing and other students introduce 54 own names. When we first see someone, we say “Nice 55 meet you”. We learn 26 letters and group them 56 their sounds. There are short conversations 57 us to practise. We can ask others 58 their names and spell them. 59 is fun to talk with new friends 60 class.
Passage C
Jeff Green has a bad habit. He can’t look after (照看) his things very 61 (good). Look! This is 62 (he) room. His things 63 (be) here and there. Look 64 his desk. Some things are on it. They’re a notebook, some CDs and videos (录像带). Jeff’s rulers and 65 (eraser) are on the desk too. He doesn’t put 66 (they) in his pencil box. Oh, what are 67 (that) under the chair? They are 68 (Jeff) books.
It’s eight in 69 morning, and Jeff is in bed. It’s Saturday. He 70 (not) go to school. Oh, what’s under the bed? It’s a basketball. Jeff likes 71 (play) basketball and he’s good at it. His schoolbag is also 72 the bed.
Why is it under the bed? We don’t know. What’s that under the sofa? It’s one of his 73 (sock). 74 is the other (另一个) one? We can’t see it. Jeff’s mother 75 (help) him find it under the desk.
Passage D
We use three words 76 (show) positions: in, on and under. Ella loses her red cap and can’t find 77 (it). Her mum tells her the cap is under 78 (she) desk. Dad’s new glasses 79 (be) brown. They are on 80 (he) head. We must keep our room 81 (tidy). We write sentences about our own things: My schoolbag is red and it’s under my chair. In the project, we pick one thing 82 the classroom and write its name down. Others ask questions 83 its colour and place, then try 84 (guess). It’s an interesting game 85 us to practise prepositions.
Passage E
Good morning! I’m a Chinese boy. My name 86 (be) Wang Zhenhua. You can 87 (call) me Zhenhua.
Look at the two pictures! The first one is my room. My schoolbag is on the chair. Some books and a cup 88 (be) on the desk. My basketball is 89 the bed. My room is very 90 (tidy).
The second one is my uncle’s farm. It’s big 91 beautiful. We often have fun on the farm. My uncle 92 (have) three cows. They are black and white. Look! Two 93 (horse), three sheep are on the grass. Some white geese and baby 94 (duck) are swimming in the pool. Look at the small house! It is for my uncle’s rabbits. 95 many rabbits does he have? I don’t know. Can you help me count them?
Passage F
Mr. Brown has a small farm in the countryside. 96 (this) cute animals on his farm are all his favourites. He loves to count them every morning when the sun comes up.
Let me tell you how many 97 (animal) he has. 98 (that) black and white animal over there is a very fat cow. There are 99 (seven) sheep eating green grass on the hill, and three more are near the river. My brother always helps Mr. Brown 100 (dig) the carrots in the vegetable garden. Look! 101 (those) white ducks are swimming happily across the small lake. The little rabbit 102 (take) a carrot from the garden just ten minutes ago. “Can you see the three 103 (horse) running near the apple tree?” Mr. Brown asks me. I will try 104 (count) all the animals again to make sure I get the right number.
105 a warm sunny day on the farm, everyone feels happy and relaxed.
Passage G
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
from health go tomato a have grow beautiful it and
Students usually study Chinese, math, English and science at school. But now, a new subject 106 into some schools—school gardening! It’s 107 outdoor subject. In this class, students learn to 108 plants.
The students like this subject very much. Why do they enjoy 109 ? Because they can have great fun. It’s different 110 other indoor subjects. The students can go out of the classroom 111 do many things by themselves. Some students like to grow 112 . Some other students like to grow flowers. When it’s spring, the flowers look really 113 .
It’s not just about fun. There are also many other good things about school gardening. School gardening can help the students keep 114 , I think. Most students like 115 this outdoor class. I hope more schools will have this kind of new subject.
Passage H
thing at usually when watch but book and have tidy before she
Here are two pictures of my sister’s and my brother’s rooms. The first one is 116 , but the second one is in a mess (一片混乱).
Now let’s look 117 the picture of Anna’s room. Anna is my sister. Her room is clean and bright. You can see some 118 in it. There is a nice picture on the wall. 119 favorite color is green. You can see a green desk in the room. Anna’s key, schoolbag 120 pencil box are on the desk. Pens, pencils and erasers are inside the pencil box. You can see an English 121 on the desk too. She also 122 an English-Chinese dictionary. 123 she goes back home, she often does homework carefully. What is that under the desk? It’s a kite. She 124 flies kites with her classmates happily at the weekend. Where is the computer? Oh, it’s on the table. She enjoys 125 films on the computer. It’s so fun.
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