Unit1一般现在时和现在完成时讲义2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

本讲义聚焦九年级上册Unit 1核心语法一般过去时和现在完成时，通过对比“村庄过去状态”与“近年变化”的例句引入，系统梳理前者“只谈过去”的定义、用法、动词变化及标志词，后者“过去联系现在”的三大用法、结构及标志词，再以表格对比核心区别，构建完整学习支架。 该资料以“变化中的世界”主题为语境，结合真实例句与分层练习（80道题含填空、单选等），通过对比分析培养学生语言理解与表达能力，强化逻辑思维，课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后助力学生巩固易错点（如短暂性动词使用），提升学习效率与知识应用能力。

一般过去时和现在完成时 九年级上册 Unit 1 The Changing World 单元语法内容 一、课程引入 本单元的主题是 “The Changing World”（变化中的世界） ，我们通过描述家乡、城市、生活的变化来学习两个重要时态——一般过去时和现在完成时。 请看下面两个句子，体会它们的区别： · Twenty years ago, the village was small and quiet.（二十年前，这个村庄又小又安静。） · Great changes have taken place over the last few years.（过去几年里发生了巨大的变化。） 第一个句子描述的是过去的状态，与现在无关——用一般过去时。 第二个句子强调变化从过去持续到现在，对现在有影响——用现在完成时。 二、一般过去时（Simple Past Tense） 1. 核心定义 一般过去时用来描述纯粹发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，动作已经完全结束，和现在没有任何关联。 核心口诀： 只谈过去，不问现在。 2. 主要用法 用法 说明 例句 过去某时发生的动作 动作发生在过去并已结束 I visited Beijing last year. 过去存在的状态 过去的状态，现在可能已改变 She was a teacher ten years ago. 过去习惯性的动作 过去经常做，现在不再做了 He walked to school when he was young. 3. 动词过去式变化规则 变化类型 变形方法 示例 常规动词 词尾直接加 -ed work→worked, play→played 以e结尾 仅加 -d live→lived, hope→hoped 辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed study→studied, carry→carried 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅） 双写末尾辅音再加-ed stop→stopped, plan→planned 不规则动词 无统一规则，单独记忆 go→went, see→saw, eat→ate 4. 句型结构 句型 公式 例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 They visited the old railway last year. 否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 He didn't plant trees last spring. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you travel by high-speed railway? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + Did + 主语 + 动词原形？ Where did you buy the digital device? 5. 常见时间标志词 类别 标志词 具体过去时间点 yesterday, yesterday morning, the day before yesterday last系列 last night, last week, last month, last year ago系列 two days ago, three years ago, a long time ago 具体年份/月份 in 2010, in May, on Monday 过去场景 when I was young, just now 三、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense） 1. 核心定义 现在完成时表示动作起点在过去，但与现在存在紧密联系。有两层核心含义：①过去动作对当下产生直接结果或影响；②动作从过去持续至现在，有可能继续延续。 核心口诀： 过去发生，联系现在。 2. 三大核心用法 用法 说明 例句 已完成用法（影响/结果） 过去动作已完成，但对现在有影响 I have lost my key. I can't enter the room.（丢钥匙→现在进不了门） 未完成用法（持续） 动作从过去开始，持续到现在，可能继续 She has lived in Beijing for 5 years.（从过去住到现在，还可能继续住） 经历用法（经验） 过去发生过的动作，作为现在的经验 I have been to Paris twice. 3. 基本结构 主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词（done） · 主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）时用 has · 其他主语（I/you/we/they/复数名词）用 have 4. 过去分词变化规则 规则动词：变化规则与动词过去式相同（直接加-ed / 加-d / 变y为i加-ed / 双写加-ed）。 常见不规则动词（原形→过去分词） ： 原形 过去分词 原形 过去分词 do done go gone see seen eat eaten leave left buy bought have had get got/gotten forget forgotten write written speak spoken break broken take taken give given swim swum ride ridden 5. 句型结构 句型 公式 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 He has finished his homework. 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他 He hasn't finished his homework. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Has he finished his homework? 6. 常见时间标志词 类别 标志词 用法说明 完成类 already, just, yet already/just用于肯定句；yet用于否定/疑问句末尾 经历类 ever, never ever（曾经，疑问句）；never（从未，否定句） 近期类 recently, lately 多用于句首或句中 持续类 for + 一段时间；since + 过去时间点/从句 表示动作持续的时间长度或起点 截止至今 so far, up to now, in the past few years 强调到目前为止的结果 四、核心区别对比（重点！） 对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 核心含义 只谈过去，与现在无关 强调"过去与现在的联系" 动作状态 动作已结束，和现在没直接关系 动作可能还没结束，或对现在有影响 时间概念 强调过去的某个具体时间点 强调从过去延续到现在的一段时间 时间标志词 yesterday, last..., ...ago, in 2020等具体过去时间 already, just, ever, never, yet, for, since, so far等 询问方式 When did you...?（问具体时间） Have you ever...?（问经历） 关键对比示例： 一般过去时 现在完成时 I lost my keys.（只陈述丢了钥匙这件事） I have lost my keys.（暗示：我现在进不了门） I saw the movie yesterday.（有具体时间） I have seen the movie.（无具体时间，强调经历） He lived in Beijing for 5 years.（过去住了5年，现在不住了） She has lived in Beijing for 5 years.（从过去住到现在，可能继续住） ⚠️ 特别注意： 现在完成时不能和表示具体过去时间的状语连用！ · ❌ I have bought a book yesterday.  · ✅ I bought a book yesterday.（一般过去时） · ✅ I have bought a book.（现在完成时） 五、本单元语境中的运用 在 Unit 1 "The Changing World" 中，我们经常用这两种时态来对比过去和现在的变化： · 一般过去时描述"过去是什么样"：The village was small and quiet twenty years ago. · 现在完成时描述"现在已经变了"：The small village has turned into a beautiful modern town. · 现在完成时描述"变化已经发生"：Many changes have taken place over the last few years. 易错提醒：take place（发生）没有被动语态，不能说 "have been taken place"，应说 "have taken place"。 80道练习题 第一部分：动词形式填空（20题） 用所给动词的正确形式填空（注意区分一般过去时和现在完成时）。 1. I ___________ (visit) my grandparents last Sunday. 2. She ___________ (already / finish) her homework. 3. They ___________ (live) in this city since 2015. 4. He ___________ (not / see) the movie yet. 5. We ___________ (go) to the beach yesterday. 6. My father ___________ (work) in this company for 10 years. 7. ___________ you ever ___________ (be) to Shanghai? 8. She ___________ (buy) a new bike last week. 9. I ___________ (not / read) this book before. 10. They ___________ (build) a new bridge in our town last year. 11. Great changes ___________ (take place) in our city over the past few years. 12. He ___________ (live) in London when he was a child. 13. We ___________ (know) each other since we were in primary school. 14. Tom ___________ (just / return) from his trip. 15. My mother ___________ (cook) dinner an hour ago. 16. I ___________ (never / try) Japanese food. 17. The old railway ___________ (complete) in 1990. 18. She ___________ (be) a teacher for over twenty years. 19. They ___________ (move) to this neighborhood in 2018. 20. ___________ you ___________ (find) your lost watch yet? 第二部分：单项选择（30题） 从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。 21. I _______ my keys. I can't open the door now. A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. am losing 22. He _______ to the park with his friends last Saturday. A. go B. goes C. went D. has gone 23. We _______ this movie three times already. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. are seeing 24. My sister _______ a new dress yesterday. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. has bought 25. _______ you ever _______ to a foreign country? A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Do; go 26. She _______ in Beijing since 2018. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. is living 27. The train _______ five minutes ago. A. leaves B. left C. has left D. is leaving 28. I _______ this book. It's really interesting. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. was reading 29. They _______ the classroom when I arrived. A. clean B. cleaned C. have cleaned D. are cleaning 30. My father _______ in the factory for 20 years. He still works there. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working 31. We _______ each other since we met in 2019. A. know B. knew C. have known D. are knowing 32. He _______ his homework an hour ago, so he can play games now. A. finishes B. has finished C. finished D. is finishing 33. _______ you _______ the report yet? A. Did; finish B. Have; finished C. Do; finish D. Are; finishing 34. I _______ breakfast. I'm not hungry now. A. have B. had C. have had D. am having 35. They _______ a new hospital in our town last year. A. build B. built C. have built D. are building 36. She _______ to the USA twice. A. goes B. went C. has been D. has gone 37. I _______ my pen. I can't find it anywhere. A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. was losing 38. He _______ TV when his mother came back. A. watches B. watched C. has watched D. was watching 39. We _______ this city since 2016. A. live in B. lived in C. have lived in D. are living in 40. The population of the city _______ a lot in the last ten years. A. increase B. increased C. has increased D. is increasing 41. I _______ a letter from my friend yesterday. A. receive B. receives C. received D. have received 42. She _______ her keys, so she had to wait outside. A. loses B. lost C. has lost D. is losing 43. _______ you _______ your homework yet? A. Did; do B. Have; done C. Do; do D. Are; doing 44. He _______ in this school since he was 12. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. is studying 45. The movie _______ for half an hour when we arrived. A. begins B. began C. has begun D. had begun 46. I _______ this story before. It's very moving. A. hear B. heard C. have heard D. am hearing 47. They _______ to the new house last month. A. move B. moves C. moved D. have moved 48. My brother _______ a new job. He starts next Monday. A. finds B. found C. has found D. is finding 49. She _______ dinner when the phone rang. A. cooks B. cooked C. was cooking D. has cooked 50. I _______ never _______ such a beautiful sunset. A. did; see B. have; seen C. do; see D. was; seeing 第三部分：句型转换（10题） 按要求改写句子。 51. He visited the museum last week.（改为否定句） 52. They have already finished the project.（改为否定句） 53. She went to Shanghai yesterday.（改为一般疑问句） 54. I have seen this movie.（改为一般疑问句） 55. He has lived here for five years.（对划线部分提问） 56. They built a new school in 2020.（对划线部分提问） 57. I have already read this book.（改为否定句） 58. She bought a new car last month.（改为一般疑问句） 59. We have known each other since 2018.（对划线部分提问） 60. He finished his homework at 8 o'clock.（改为否定句） 第四部分：用一般过去时或现在完成时完成对话（10题） 根据语境，用括号内动词的正确时态填空。 61. A: _______ you ever _______ (try) Chinese food? B: Yes, I _______. I _______ (have) it many times. 62. A: When _______ you _______ (buy) this phone? B: I _______ (buy) it last year. 63. A: _______ you _______ (see) the new teacher yet? B: No, I _______. When _______ she _______ (come)? 64. A: How long _______ you _______ (study) English? B: I _______ (study) it for six years. 65. A: _______ you _______ (finish) your homework? B: Yes, I _______. I _______ (finish) it an hour ago. 66. A: Where _______ you _______ (go) on vacation last summer? B: We _______ (go) to Hainan. 67. A: _______ you ever _______ (meet) a famous person? B: Yes, I _______. I _______ (meet) a famous singer last year. 68. A: How long _______ you _______ (know) each other? B: We _______ (know) each other since primary school. 69. A: _______ you _______ (eat) lunch yet? B: Yes, I _______. I _______ (eat) at 12 o'clock. 70. A: _______ your sister _______ (return) from her trip? B: Yes, she _______. She _______ (return) yesterday. 第五部分：改错题（10题） 下列各句中各有一处错误，请找出并改正。 71. I have bought a new bike yesterday. 72. She has went to Beijing three times. 73. They have visited the museum last Sunday. 74. I didn't finished my homework yet. 75. He have lived here since 2015. 76. She has came back from school already. 77. We have seen the movie last night. 78. I have never went to the Great Wall. 79. Great changes have been taken place in our city. 80. He has left his hometown for three years.（提示：leave是短暂性动词） 练习题参考答案 第一部分：动词形式填空（20题） 1. visited · 解析：last Sunday是具体的过去时间，用一般过去时。visit的过去式为visited。 2. has already finished · 解析：already是现在完成时的标志词，主语She是第三人称单数，用has + 过去分词finished。 3. have lived · 解析：since 2015表示从2015年持续到现在，用现在完成时。主语They用have。 4. hasn't seen · 解析：yet用于否定句末尾，是现在完成时标志。主语He用hasn't + 过去分词seen。 5. went · 解析：yesterday是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。go的过去式为went。 6. has worked · 解析：for 10 years表示持续了一段时间，用现在完成时。主语My father用has worked。 7. Have; been · 解析：ever用于疑问句，是现在完成时标志。主语you用Have，been to表示"去过某地"。 8. bought · 解析：last week是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。buy的过去式为bought。 9. haven't read · 解析：before常与现在完成时连用，表示"以前从未做过"。主语I用haven't read。 10. built · 解析：last year是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。build的过去式为built。 11. have taken place · 解析：over the past few years是现在完成时标志词。take place无被动语态，用have taken place。 12. lived · 解析：when he was a child是过去时间状语从句，用一般过去时。 13. have known · 解析：since we were in primary school表示从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时。主语We用have known。 14. has just returned · 解析：just是现在完成时标志词，主语Tom用has returned。 15. cooked · 解析：an hour ago是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。 16. have never tried · 解析：never是现在完成时标志词，主语I用have never tried。 17. was completed · 解析：in 1990是具体过去时间，且railway与complete之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态was completed。 18. has been · 解析：for over twenty years表示持续了二十多年，用现在完成时。主语She用has been。 19. moved · 解析：in 2018是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。 20. Have; found · 解析：yet用于疑问句末尾，是现在完成时标志。主语you用Have found。 第二部分：单项选择（30题） 21. C. have lost · 解析：根据后句"I can't open the door now"可知，丢钥匙对现在造成了影响（进不了门），用现在完成时强调对现在的影响。 22. C. went · 解析：last Saturday是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。go的过去式为went。 23. C. have seen · 解析：already和three times都是现在完成时标志，强调"已经看过三次"的经历。主语We用have seen。 24. C. bought · 解析：yesterday是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。buy的过去式为bought。 25. B. Have; been · 解析：ever用于疑问句，是现在完成时标志。"Have you ever been to..."询问"你曾经去过……吗？"。 26. C. has lived · 解析：since 2018表示从2018年持续到现在，用现在完成时。主语She用has lived。 27. B. left · 解析：five minutes ago是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。leave的过去式为left。 28. B. have read · 解析：后句"It's really interesting"说明读书这件事对现在有影响（知道这本书有趣），用现在完成时。 29. B. cleaned · 解析：when I arrived描述的是过去的时间点，打扫教室的动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。 30. C. has worked · 解析：for 20 years表示持续了20年，且"still works there"说明动作持续到现在，用现在完成时。 31. C. have known · 解析：since we met in 2019表示从2019年持续到现在，用现在完成时。主语We用have known。 32. C. finished · 解析：an hour ago是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。 33. B. Have; finished · 解析：yet用于疑问句，是现在完成时标志。主语you用Have finished。 34. C. have had · 解析：后句"I'm not hungry now"说明吃早饭对现在有影响（不饿了），用现在完成时。 35. B. built · 解析：last year是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。build的过去式为built。 36. C. has been · 解析：twice表示次数，强调经历，用现在完成时。"has been to"表示"去过某地（已回来）"。 37. C. have lost · 解析：后句"I can't find it anywhere"说明丢笔对现在有影响，用现在完成时。 38. D. was watching · 解析：when his mother came back表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时（was watching）。 39. C. have lived in · 解析：since 2016表示从2016年持续到现在，用现在完成时。主语We用have lived in。 40. C. has increased · 解析：in the last ten years是现在完成时标志词，表示"在过去的十年里"。主语The population用has increased。 41. C. received · 解析：yesterday是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。receive的过去式为received。 42. B. lost · 解析：后句"she had to wait outside"描述的是过去发生的事（不得不等在外面），丢钥匙也是过去发生的，用一般过去时。 43. B. Have; done · 解析：yet用于疑问句，是现在完成时标志。主语you用Have done。 44. C. has studied · 解析：since he was 12表示从12岁持续到现在，用现在完成时。主语He用has studied。 45. D. had begun · 解析：电影开始"在我们到达之前"已经发生，表示"过去的过去"，用过去完成时had begun。 46. C. have heard · 解析：before常与现在完成时连用，表示"以前听过"。主语I用have heard。 47. C. moved · 解析：last month是具体过去时间，用一般过去时。move的过去式为moved。 48. C. has found · 解析：后句"He starts next Monday"说明找到新工作对现在有影响（即将开始上班），用现在完成时。 49. C. was cooking · 解析：when the phone rang表示电话响起时正在做饭，用过去进行时was cooking。 50. B. have; seen · 解析：never是现在完成时标志词，主语I用have never seen。 第三部分：句型转换（10题） 51. He didn't visit the museum last week. · 解析：一般过去时的否定句用"didn't + 动词原形"。visited改为原形visit。 52. They haven't finished the project yet. · 解析：现在完成时的否定句用"haven't + 过去分词"，肯定句中的already改为否定句中的yet。 53. Did she go to Shanghai yesterday? · 解析：一般过去时的一般疑问句用"Did + 主语 + 动词原形"。went改为原形go。 54. Have you seen this movie? · 解析：现在完成时的一般疑问句用"Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词"。主语I改为you。 55. How long has he lived here? · 解析：对for five years（时间段）提问用"How long"，现在完成时疑问句用"has + 主语 + 过去分词"。 56. When did they build a new school? · 解析：对in 2020（时间点）提问用"When"，一般过去时疑问句用"did + 主语 + 动词原形"。 57. I haven't read this book yet. · 解析：现在完成时的否定句用"haven't + 过去分词"，肯定句中的already改为否定句中的yet。 58. Did she buy a new car last month? · 解析：一般过去时的一般疑问句用"Did + 主语 + 动词原形"。bought改为原形buy。 59. How long have you known each other? · 解析：对since 2018（时间段起点）提问用"How long"，现在完成时疑问句用"have + 主语 + 过去分词"。 60. He didn't finish his homework at 8 o'clock. · 解析：一般过去时的否定句用"didn't + 动词原形"。finished改为原形finish。 第四部分：用一般过去时或现在完成时完成对话（10题） 61. Have; tried; have; have had · 解析：第一空ever是现在完成时标志，用Have tried。回答"是的"用I have。many times表示次数，用现在完成时have had。 62. did; buy; bought · 解析：询问具体时间（when）用一般过去时。回答last year是具体过去时间，用一般过去时bought。 63. Have; seen; haven't; did; come · 解析：第一空yet是现在完成时标志，用Have seen。回答用haven't。询问具体时间（when）用一般过去时did come。 64. have; studied; have studied · 解析：How long询问时间段，用现在完成时。回答for six years也用现在完成时have studied。 65. Have; finished; have; finished · 解析：第一空yet是现在完成时标志，用Have finished。回答用I have。an hour ago是具体过去时间，用一般过去时finished。 66. did; go; went · 解析：last summer是具体过去时间，询问和回答都用一般过去时。go的过去式为went。 67. Have; met; have; met · 解析：ever是现在完成时标志，用Have met。回答用I have。last year是具体过去时间，用一般过去时met。 68. have; known; have known · 解析：How long询问时间段，用现在完成时。since primary school表示从小学持续到现在，也用现在完成时have known。 69. Have; eaten; have; ate · 解析：第一空yet是现在完成时标志，用Have eaten。回答用I have。at 12 o'clock是具体过去时间，用一般过去时ate。 70. Has; returned; has; returned · 解析：询问"是否已经回来"用现在完成时Has returned。回答用she has。yesterday是具体过去时间，用一般过去时returned。 第五部分：改错题（10题） 71. I bought a new bike yesterday. · 解析：yesterday是具体过去时间，不能用现在完成时。应改为一般过去时bought。 · ❌ have bought → ✅ bought 72. She has been to Beijing three times. · 解析：go的过去分词是gone，但"去过某地（已回来）"应用been to。has gone to表示"去了某地（未回来）"。 · ❌ went → ✅ been 73. They visited the museum last Sunday. · 解析：last Sunday是具体过去时间，不能用现在完成时。应改为一般过去时visited。 · ❌ have visited → ✅ visited 74. I haven't finished my homework yet. · 解析：yet是现在完成时标志，且是否定句。didn't用于一般过去时，应改为haven't + 过去分词finished。 · ❌ didn't finished → ✅ haven't finished 75. He has lived here since 2015. · 解析：主语He是第三人称单数，助动词应用has，不是have。 · ❌ have → ✅ has 76. She has come back from school already. · 解析：come的过去分词是come（原形、过去式、过去分词同形），不是came。 · ❌ came → ✅ come 77. We saw the movie last night. · 解析：last night是具体过去时间，不能用现在完成时。应改为一般过去时saw。 · ❌ have seen → ✅ saw 78. I have never been to the Great Wall. · 解析：go的过去分词是gone，但"去过某地（已回来）"应用been to。 · ❌ went → ✅ been 79. Great changes have taken place in our city. · 解析：take place（发生）没有被动语态，不能用被动形式"have been taken place"。 · ❌ have been taken place → ✅ have taken place 80. He has been away from his hometown for three years. / It has been three years since he left his hometown. · 解析：leave是短暂性动词（瞬间完成），不能与for three years这样的时间段连用。应改为表示状态的"has been away"或用"It has been...since..."句型。 · ❌ has left → ✅ has been away / It has been three years since he left 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $