Unit 1 Changing World(Grammar) （现在完成时与一般过去时）核心知识点精讲精练-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册（新教材人教版）

该初中英语讲义以“现在完成时与一般过去时”为核心，通过分点解析（核心用法、句式结构、标志词、注意事项）和对比表格（如非延续性动词与延续性动词转换表）系统构建语法知识体系，清晰呈现两者在用法、标志词等方面的内在联系与重难点，助力学生夯实语言基础。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，随学随练（如单项填空“Bob ___ table tennis for three years”）即时巩固，基础练习（词形填空）与提升练习（语法填空、翻译句子）梯度递进，培养学生分析对比的思维品质和自主练习的学习能力，教师可据此实施分层教学，提升复习效率。

Unit 1 Changing World核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar) （现在完成时与一般现在时） 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 部分精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · Grammar 部分还设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握单元语法知识。 1、 单元语法解析 现在完成时与一般现在时 1. 核心用法区别 (1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。 现在完成时也可以表示动作在过去开始，一直持续到现在完成。 如：Linda has watched the film. 琳达已经看过这部电影了。(强调现在已经知晓电影的内容) We have planted over 200 trees so far。(过去的动作持续到现在) (2) 一般过去时只强调过去发生的动作或状态，和现在没有联系。 如：Linda watched the film last Sunday.琳达上周日看了这部电影。(只表明上周日看了这部电影， 不涉及现在的情况) [随学随练] 单项填空 1．My cousin still wants to visit the Bayi Memorial again, though he ________ it several times. A．visits B．is visiting C．will visit D．has visited 2．Bob ________ table tennis for three years and he is a good player now. A．play B．has played C．plays D．will play 3．—My sister Tina ________ a lot these days. She used to dream of becoming a guide, but now she wants to be an astronaut. —Oh, I hope her dream can come true. A．has changed B．changed C．will change D．was changing 4．China’s Tianzhou-10 ________ up into the sky on May 11, 2026 and we are proud of this event. A．flies B．flew C．will fly D．is flying 5．I ________ to Beijing last summer vacation and I had a great time there. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 2. 各种句式区别 (1) 现在完成时的各种句式 · 陈述句肯定式：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。 · 陈述句否定式：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他。 肯定式变否定式，在have/has后加not构成，have not可以缩略为haven’t；has not可缩略为hasn’t。 如：Lucy has finished her homework.露西已经完成了她的作业。 Lucy has not (hasn’t) finished her homework. 露西还没有完成她的作业。 · 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ 简略回答：(肯定回答)Yes,主语+have/has. (否定回答)No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 回答时，用相应的代词代替主语。 如：—Have the boys cleaned up the room? 男孩们打扫过房间了吗？ —Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. (2) 一般过去时的各种句式 · 陈述句肯定式：主语++动词过去式+其他。 · 陈述句否定式：主语+was/were/could...+not+其他。 主语+didn’t+实义动词原型+其他。 肯定式变否定式，在be动词或情态动词过去式的后面加not；若谓语动词为实义动词，在实义动词原型前加didn’t。 如：He was a doctor. 他以前是个医生。 He wasn’t (was not) a doctor. 他以前不是医生。 Lucy enjoyed walking to school. 露西以前喜欢走路去上学。 Lucy didn’t enjoy walking to school. 露西以前不喜欢走路去上学。 · 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？ Did+主语+实义动词原型+其他? 简略回答：(肯定回答)Yes,主语+was/were. (否定回答) No,主语+was/weren’t. (肯定回答)Yes,主语+did. (否定回答) No,主语+didn’t. 回答时，用相应的代词代替主语。 —Were there any trees in front of the building? 建筑物前有一些树吗？ —Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t. 是的，有。/不，没有。 —Did you see many robots? 你看到很多机器人吗？ —Yes,I did. /No, I didn’t. 是的，我看到了。/不，我没有。 · 一般过去时还可以用“used to+动词原型”结构表示。 其否定式常用：didn’t use to+动词原型。 疑问式常用：did+主语+use+to+动词原型。 如：There used to be a stone bridge. 以前有座石桥。 Did your father use to drive to work? 你爸爸以前开车去上班吗？ [随学随练] 单项填空 1．I was busy with the science project just now. (改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ busy with the science project just now? 2．Timmy enjoyed his time at Grandpa’s house. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定或否定回答) 一般疑问句：__________________________________________ 肯定回答：________________ 否定回答：________________ 3．Last night I learned ten English words. (用so far替换last night改写句子) So far I ________ ________ ten English words. 4．Jane has already finished her homework. (改为否定句) Jane ________ finished her homework ________. 5．People have improved air quality in the cities by driving less. (改一般疑问句) __________ people __________ air quality in the cities by driving less? 6．My uncle has lived in this village since he was born. (对划线部分提问) How ________ ________ your uncle lived in this village? 7．My brother bought me a nice present last weekend. (对划线部分提问) _________________________________________________________________________________ 8．My dad used to smoke. (改为一般疑问句) ________ your dad ________ to smoke? 3. 常用标志词区别 (1) 现在完成时常用标志词 · for+时间段：表示持续，后接时间段，表示持续一段时间。 · since+时刻：表示“自从...”，后接时间点。 · in/over/during the past/last few years表示“在过去的几年以来”，类似用法：in the last five months“在过去的5个月以来”。 · in recent years表示“近年来”。 · already表示“已经”，用于肯定句；yet用于否定句或疑问句尾，意为“尚未，还没有”。 · just表示“刚刚” · recently,lately表示“近期，最近” · up to now, so far, to date表示“迄今为止，到目前为止” 如：Great changes have taken place in the past few years.在过去的几年以来发生了巨大变化。 Have you finished your task yet? 你已经完成任务了吗？ The bus to the theatre has just left! 去剧院的车刚刚走。 To date, we have received over 200 replies.到目前为止，我们已收到200多封回信。 (2) 一般现在时常用标志词 · yesterday昨天, the day before yesterday前天 · 时间段+ago：three years ago三天前，a few minutes ago几分钟以前 · last+时间：last weekend上周末；last night昨天晚上；last Tuesday 上周二 · in +过去年份：in 1921 在1921年 · just now 刚才 · once upon a time / long ago 很久以前 如：I was a teacher three years ago. 三年前我是名老师。 I saw Lily in the classroom just now. 我刚刚看到丽丽在教室里。 Long ago, there was an old man living by the river. 很久以前，有位老人住在河边。 [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—________you ever ________to Beijing? —Yes, I ________there two years ago. A．Did; went; went B．Did; go; have been C．Have; been; went D．Have; been; have been 2．Last weekend, the police ________ the traffic in the zoo to make sure that tourists there were safe. A．control B．controlled C．have controlled D．were controlling 3．I ________ my homework just now, but I ________ my English homework yet. A．finished; haven’t done B．have finished; haven’t done C．finished; didn’t do D．have finished; didn’t do 4．Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he _________ in Jiujiang for five years. A．was teaching B．taught C．will teach D．has taught 5．In the past few years, I ________ many Chinese stories through my photos. A．tell B．told C．have told D．will tell 6．They ________ all the tasks already, so they are touring in other cities now. A．complete B．completed C．have completed D．will complete 4. 两者时态使用注意事项 (1) 现在完成时不能与明确表示过去的时间状语连用。 如：I haven’t met Lucy yesterday. 上句中yesterday是明确表示过去的时间，不能与现在完成时连用。上句为错误表达。正确表 达应为：I didn’t met Lucy yesterday. (2) 有少数时间状语既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，选择哪种时态需要根据上下文情境而定。 如：I discussed with Mr. Green this morning. I’ve discussed with Mr. Green this morning. 第一句用过去时，表明说话的时候已不是上午，即上午已过去。第二句用现在完成时，表明 说话的时候还是上午，即说话时的时间跟现在相关。 (3) 时间状语为“for+时间段”时，要判断动作是否持续到现在完成。 若持续到现在完成，使用现在完成时；若不是持续到现在完成，则用一般过去时。 如：My sister has came back from London. She stayed there for three months. 此句中My sister已经回来了，所以stayed的动作没有持续到现在完成，所以用一般过去时。 (4) 时间状语为“since+从句”时，主句用现在完成时，从句要用一般过去时。 如：I have visited the museum three times since I moved to the city. 上句中I have visited the museum three times为主句，用现在完成时。I moved to the city是从 句，使用一般过去时。 (5) 当现在完成时与表示持续性时间的状语连用时，该句中的动作或状态需要持续，因而需与延续性动词连用。否定句不受此限制。 当现在完成时与表示持续性时间的状语连用时，动词是非延续性动词时，在肯定句中要转化成延 续性动词或表示状态的动词短语。 如：The baby has slept for five hours. 小孩已经睡了五个小时了。 I haven’t left here for three years. 我已经三年没离开这里了。 常见的转换如下： 非延续性动词 延续性动词或短语 非延续性动词 延续性动词或短语 become be borrow keep buy have put on wear get to know know catch a cold have a cold leave be away go out be out die be dead open be open start/begin be on finish be over fall asleep be asleep join be in/ be a member of make friends be friends get married be married 如： I have bought the book for 10 years. 上句是错句。应改为：I have had the book for 10 years. The film has begun for 10 minutes. 上句是错句。应改为：The film has been on for 10 minutes. [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—Jiaozi, the director of Ne Zha 2, ________ on cartoon movies since he graduated from university. —I admire him a lot. His success tells us that hard work will pay off in the end. A．is working B．has worked C．worked D．will work 2．Mr. Green ________ in our school for five years, and he ________ here in 2018. A．has worked; came B．worked; came C．has worked; has come D．worked; has come 3．—How long have you ________ in this town?   —Since I ________ my job in the local factory. A．lived; got B．lived; have got C．live; got D．live; have got 4．My father ________ in a hospital for 20 years, and now he works as a manager in a company. A．works B．is working C．has worked D．worked 5．—I’m sorry for being late. —It doesn’t matter. The talk show ________ for only five minutes. A．starts B．has started C．would be on D．has been on 6．—Where is your father? —He ________ to Beijing on business. He ________ there twice. A．has gone; has been B．has been; has gone C．has gone; has gone D．has been; has been 7．Nancy ________ in a Chinese high school as an exchange student for two months last year. A．has studied B．studies C．studied D．was studying 8．After graduating from college, he ________ a beautiful lady from South Carolina. Till now they have ________ for ten years. A．married; been married B．married to; got married C．married; got married D．married to; been married 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) —Are you a soccer player in your school? —Yes, I ________ the team two years ago. I ________ in the team for two years. A．have joined; have been B．have joined; am C．joined; was D．joined; have been (2) —How long ________ you ________ this pen? —Only one day. I ________ it yesterday. A．have bought, bought B．have had, bought C．did buy, have bought D．have been, had (3) His grandpa ________ in the 1950s. He ________ for over 70 years and his death has made his family really sad. A．died; has died B．has died; has been dead C．died; has been dead D．has died; died (4) The first time I ________ to NFLS, I didn’t know much about it. But now I ________ the school for three years and it is my second home. A．came; have come to B．came; have been in C．have come; have come to D．have come; have been in (5) —Miss Hu, I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Yes, I ________ as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back yesterday. A．am working B．worked C．have worked D．work (6) —Where’s Tom? —He ________ to the library. He ________ there ten minutes ago. A．has gone; went B．went; has gone C．has been; went D．went; went (7) The airline ________ for about 5 months. I have taken the flights three times. A．is open B．has opened C．has been open D．has been opened (8) —Is Mr Clark there? I need to talk to him. —Sorry, he ________ Shanghai on business for three days. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has been to (9) Mike ________ very hard to make his dream come true in the past few years. A．has worked B．works C．is working D．will work (10) —How was your weekend, Lily? —It was meaningful. I ________ a study trip to Sanxingdui Museum. A．have B．had C．am having D．was having 2. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) The news ________ (be) very exciting, so all of us jumped with joy. (2) You’d better cook the fish as soon as possible because they have been ________ (die) for some time. (3) It’s been three years since we last ________ (see) our primary school classmates. (4) The government ________ (try) its best to help the people there since the earthquake happened last week. (5) —Miss Liu used to practise as a teacher in Shanghai before she came here, right? —Yes, she ________ (teach) English there for five years. (6) The power suddenly ________ (go) out during the terrible storm last night. (7) Lily ________ (not watch) the new movie yet. She plans to watch it this weekend. (8) Yesterday we ________ (hold) a meaningful class meeting on environmental protection. (9) —May I borrow your bike? —I’m afraid not. I ________ (lend) it to Andy. (10) Haven’t you noticed it? You ________ (drop) the key sometime on your way here! (11) As a top player, Daniel ________ (practise) hard to improve his physical strength over the past six years. (12) The movie ________ (begin) for over ten minutes. 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法填空 A My hometown has changed a lot over the years. I 1 (live) here since I was born. When I was young, there 2 (be) many old houses and small roads. The river was dirty because people often 3 (put) waste into it. Now, great changes 4 (take) place. Tall buildings and wide streets can be seen everywhere. The river is much 5 (clean) than before. Many trees and flowers 6 (plant) along the river. People used to 7 (walk) or ride bikes, but now most families have cars. My parents often tell me that they 8 (not have) enough food when they were young. Now we enjoy a comfortable life. I think life is better than before. However, I still miss the old days from time to time. I 9 (make) many close friends here over the years. I hope my hometown 10 (become) more and more beautiful in the future. B In April 2025, a group of young journalists from ten different countries visited China for a cultural exchange programme. They travelled to several cities and learned about modern China. One of the journalists, Maria from Italy, 1 (visit) China twice before. She said she was deeply 2 (impress) by the changes she saw. “Ten years ago, when I first came here, many streets 3 (be) not so clean, and public transport was less convenient. Some areas 4 (not have) enough green spaces,” she said. “But now, everything is different. The cities 5 (become) greener and more organized, and people’s lives 6 (improve) greatly.” The group also visited a highspeed railway centre and tried the maglev train. Maria couldn’t believe how fast and 7 (comfort) it was. “This is truly amazing,” she said. All the journalists agreed that China 8 (develop) rapidly over the past decade. They are sure that China will continue to make 9 progress in the future. Maria said she hoped to return again soon and see 10 new changes. 2. 翻译句子 (1) 我参观了旧建筑，逛了逛商店，喝了咖啡，还品尝了当地的小吃。 (2) 他们过去常常在公园里相聚。 (3) 这个组织自2012年以来就帮助贫困儿童。 (4) 上周，我们清理了河里的废弃物。 (5) 自2025年以来，苏超(Su Chao)在中国人当中非常流行。 (6) 在过去的 40 年里，农村的生活条件发生了很大的变化。 (7) 游客们想要知道这个科技博物馆已经开放多久了。 (8) 照顾老人很重要。我甚至已经教会了他们如何使用智能手机。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Changing World核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar) （现在完成时与一般现在时） 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 部分精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · Grammar 部分还设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握单元语法知识。 1、 单元语法解析 现在完成时与一般现在时 1. 核心用法区别 (1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。 现在完成时也可以表示动作在过去开始，一直持续到现在完成。 如：Linda has watched the film. 琳达已经看过这部电影了。(强调现在已经知晓电影的内容) We have planted over 200 trees so far。(过去的动作持续到现在) (2) 一般过去时只强调过去发生的动作或状态，和现在没有联系。 如：Linda watched the film last Sunday.琳达上周日看了这部电影。(只表明上周日看了这部电影， 不涉及现在的情况) [随学随练] 单项填空 1．My cousin still wants to visit the Bayi Memorial again, though he ________ it several times. A．visits B．is visiting C．will visit D．has visited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的表弟仍然想再去参观八一纪念馆，尽管他已经参观过那里几次了。 visits参观；is visiting正在参观；will visit将要去参观；has visited已经参观过。根据“several times”可知，动作发生在过去且对现在造成影响，强调过去的经历，需用现在完成时。 2．Bob ________ table tennis for three years and he is a good player now. A．play B．has played C．plays D．will play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：鲍勃打乒乓球已经三年了，他现在是一名好手。 考查现在完成时。play打，动词原形；has played已经打，现在完成时；plays打，一般现在时的第三人称单数；will play将打，一般将来时。根据时间状语“for three years”和语境“now”可知，动作从过去持续到现在并对现在有影响（现在他是好手），应用现在完成时“has played”。故选B。 3．—My sister Tina ________ a lot these days. She used to dream of becoming a guide, but now she wants to be an astronaut. —Oh, I hope her dream can come true. A．has changed B．changed C．will change D．was changing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我妹妹蒂娜这些天变化很大。她过去梦想成为一名导游，但现在她想成为一名宇航员。——哦，我希望她的梦想能成真。 根据“She used to dream of becoming a guide, but now she wants to be an astronaut.”可知，此处强调过去和现在的对比，表示已经发生了变化，用现在完成时，应填has changed。 4．China’s Tianzhou-10 ________ up into the sky on May 11, 2026 and we are proud of this event. A．flies B．flew C．will fly D．is flying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国天舟十号于2026年5月11日飞入天空，我们为这一事件感到自豪。 根据时间状语“on May 11, 2026”可知，动作发生在过去，使用一般过去时。应填flew。 5．I ________ to Beijing last summer vacation and I had a great time there. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年暑假我去了北京，在那里玩得很开心。 根据时间状语“last summer vacation”可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，动词go的过去式为went。故选B。 2. 各种句式区别 (1) 现在完成时的各种句式 · 陈述句肯定式：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。 · 陈述句否定式：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他。 肯定式变否定式，在have/has后加not构成，have not可以缩略为haven’t；has not可缩略为hasn’t。 如：Lucy has finished her homework.露西已经完成了她的作业。 Lucy has not (hasn’t) finished her homework. 露西还没有完成她的作业。 · 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ 简略回答：(肯定回答)Yes,主语+have/has. (否定回答)No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 回答时，用相应的代词代替主语。 如：—Have the boys cleaned up the room? 男孩们打扫过房间了吗？ —Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. (2) 一般过去时的各种句式 · 陈述句肯定式：主语++动词过去式+其他。 · 陈述句否定式：主语+was/were/could...+not+其他。 主语+didn’t+实义动词原型+其他。 肯定式变否定式，在be动词或情态动词过去式的后面加not；若谓语动词为实义动词，在实义动词原型前加didn’t。 如：He was a doctor. 他以前是个医生。 He wasn’t (was not) a doctor. 他以前不是医生。 Lucy enjoyed walking to school. 露西以前喜欢走路去上学。 Lucy didn’t enjoy walking to school. 露西以前不喜欢走路去上学。 · 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？ Did+主语+实义动词原型+其他? 简略回答：(肯定回答)Yes,主语+was/were. (否定回答) No,主语+was/weren’t. (肯定回答)Yes,主语+did. (否定回答) No,主语+didn’t. 回答时，用相应的代词代替主语。 —Were there any trees in front of the building? 建筑物前有一些树吗？ —Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t. 是的，有。/不，没有。 —Did you see many robots? 你看到很多机器人吗？ —Yes,I did. /No, I didn’t. 是的，我看到了。/不，我没有。 · 一般过去时还可以用“used to+动词原型”结构表示。 其否定式常用：didn’t use to+动词原型。 疑问式常用：did+主语+use+to+动词原型。 如：There used to be a stone bridge. 以前有座石桥。 Did your father use to drive to work? 你爸爸以前开车去上班吗？ [随学随练] 单项填空 1．I was busy with the science project just now. (改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ busy with the science project just now? 【答案】 Were you 【详解】句意：我刚才正忙于科学项目。原句为含be动词was的一般过去时态，改为一般疑问句时，主语I要改为you，对应be动词was改为were，置于句首，首字母大写，其他内容保持不变。 2．Timmy enjoyed his time at Grandpa’s house. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定或否定回答) 一般疑问句：__________________________________________ 肯定回答：________________ 否定回答：________________ 【答案】 Did Timmy enjoy his time at Grandpa’s house? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t. 【详解】句意：蒂米在爷爷家过得很开心。该句是含有实义动词的一般过去时的句子，变为一般疑问句需借助助动词Did置于句首，同时谓语动词enjoyed要还原为原形enjoy，其余的保持不变；回答时主语Timmy需转换为代词he，助动词与问句保持一致，肯定用 did，否定用 didn’t。因此第一空填“Did Timmy enjoy his time at Grandpa’s house?”；第二空填“Yes, he did.”；第三空填“No, he didn’t.”。 3．Last night I learned ten English words. (用so far替换last night改写句子) So far I ________ ________ ten English words. 【答案】 have learned/learnt 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我已经学了十个英语单词。so far是现在完成时的标志，其结构为：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。主语是I，助动词用have，learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填have；learned/learnt。 4．Jane has already finished her homework. (改为否定句) Jane ________ finished her homework ________. 【答案】 hasn’t yet 【详解】句意：简已经完成了她的作业。句子为现在完成时，改为否定句需要在助动词has后加not，缩写为hasn’t；同时，already在否定句中要改为yet，置于句末。故填hasn’t；yet。 5．People have improved air quality in the cities by driving less. (改一般疑问句) __________ people __________ air quality in the cities by driving less? 【答案】 Have improved 【详解】句意：人们通过减少开车改善了城市的空气质量。时态为现在完成时“have done”，改为一般疑问句需将have提到主语前面。故填Have；improved。 6．My uncle has lived in this village since he was born. (对划线部分提问) How ________ ________ your uncle lived in this village? 【答案】 long has 【详解】句意：我叔叔从出生起就住在这个村子里。由“since he was born”可知，是对时间段提问，要用how long（多久），原句是现在完成时（has lived），变疑问句时将has提前，结构为How long+has+主语+过去分词+其他。故填long；has。 7．My brother bought me a nice present last weekend. (对划线部分提问) _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What did your brother buy you last weekend? 【详解】句意：我哥哥上周末给我买了一份漂亮的礼物。划线部分是所买的物品（事物），故疑问词用what，放句首首字母大写。句子是一般过去时，变疑问句需借助助动词did，谓语动词bought还原为原形buy，第一人称my改为第二人称your，me改为you。 8．My dad used to smoke. (改为一般疑问句) ________ your dad ________ to smoke? 【答案】 Did use 【详解】句意：我爸爸以前吸烟。原句“My dad used to smoke.”是一般过去时“used to do”，其一般疑问句的结构为：Did+主语+use to+动词原形+其他。故填Did；use。 3. 常用标志词区别 (1) 现在完成时常用标志词 · for+时间段：表示持续，后接时间段，表示持续一段时间。 · since+时刻：表示“自从...”，后接时间点。 · in/over/during the past/last few years表示“在过去的几年以来”，类似用法：in the last five months“在过去的5个月以来”。 · in recent years表示“近年来”。 · already表示“已经”，用于肯定句；yet用于否定句或疑问句尾，意为“尚未，还没有”。 · just表示“刚刚” · recently,lately表示“近期，最近” · up to now, so far, to date表示“迄今为止，到目前为止” 如：Great changes have taken place in the past few years.在过去的几年以来发生了巨大变化。 Have you finished your task yet? 你已经完成任务了吗？ The bus to the theatre has just left! 去剧院的车刚刚走。 To date, we have received over 200 replies.到目前为止，我们已收到200多封回信。 (2) 一般现在时常用标志词 · yesterday昨天, the day before yesterday前天 · 时间段+ago：three years ago三天前，a few minutes ago几分钟以前 · last+时间：last weekend上周末；last night昨天晚上；last Tuesday 上周二 · in +过去年份：in 1921 在1921年 · just now 刚才 · once upon a time / long ago 很久以前 如：I was a teacher three years ago. 三年前我是名老师。 I saw Lily in the classroom just now. 我刚刚看到丽丽在教室里。 Long ago, there was an old man living by the river. 很久以前，有位老人住在河边。 [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—________you ever ________to Beijing? —Yes, I ________there two years ago. A．Did; went; went B．Did; go; have been C．Have; been; went D．Have; been; have been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过北京吗？——是的，我两年前去过那里。 考查现在完成时与一般过去时的用法。第一句询问“曾经去过”的经历，应用现在完成时，现在完成时态的结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，have been to表示“曾经去过”；第二句回答“two years ago”是一个表示过去的时间状语，所以应用一般过去时“went”，故选C。 2．Last weekend, the police ________ the traffic in the zoo to make sure that tourists there were safe. A．control B．controlled C．have controlled D．were controlling 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周末，警方在动物园维持交通秩序，以确保那里的游客安全。 考查动词时态。根据“Last weekend”可知，此处要用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，故选B。 3．I ________ my homework just now, but I ________ my English homework yet. A．finished; haven’t done B．have finished; haven’t done C．finished; didn’t do D．have finished; didn’t do 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我刚才完成了我的作业，但我还没做英语作业。 根据“just now”可知，时态是一般过去时，第一空应用过去式finished；第二空处“yet”是现在完成时的标志，用于否定句，因此用现在完成时haven’t done。 4．Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he _________ in Jiujiang for five years. A．was teaching B．taught C．will teach D．has taught 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Ben是一名外教。到目前为止，他已经在九江教了五年了。 时间状语“So far”意为“到目前为止”，通常与现在完成时连用，表示动作从过去持续到现在，现在完成时的结构为have/has+过去分词，本句主语he为第三人称单数，助动词用has，后接teach的过去分词taught。应填has taught。 5．In the past few years, I ________ many Chinese stories through my photos. A．tell B．told C．have told D．will tell 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去几年里，我通过我的照片讲述了许多中国故事。 根据时间状语“In the past few years”，表示已经完成的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，应填have told。 6．They ________ all the tasks already, so they are touring in other cities now. A．complete B．completed C．have completed D．will complete 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们已经完成了所有的任务，所以他们现在正在其他城市旅游。 根据句中关键词“already”以及后半句“so they are touring in other cities now”可知，完成任务这一动作发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响，应用现在完成时。 4. 两者时态使用注意事项 (1) 现在完成时不能与明确表示过去的时间状语连用。 如：I haven’t met Lucy yesterday. 上句中yesterday是明确表示过去的时间，不能与现在完成时连用。上句为错误表达。正确表 达应为：I didn’t met Lucy yesterday. (2) 有少数时间状语既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，选择哪种时态需要根据上下文情境而定。 如：I discussed with Mr. Green this morning. I’ve discussed with Mr. Green this morning. 第一句用过去时，表明说话的时候已不是上午，即上午已过去。第二句用现在完成时，表明 说话的时候还是上午，即说话时的时间跟现在相关。 (3) 时间状语为“for+时间段”时，要判断动作是否持续到现在完成。 若持续到现在完成，使用现在完成时；若不是持续到现在完成，则用一般过去时。 如：My sister has came back from London. She stayed there for three months. 此句中My sister已经回来了，所以stayed的动作没有持续到现在完成，所以用一般过去时。 (4) 时间状语为“since+从句”时，主句用现在完成时，从句要用一般过去时。 如：I have visited the museum three times since I moved to the city. 上句中I have visited the museum three times为主句，用现在完成时。I moved to the city是从 句，使用一般过去时。 (5) 当现在完成时与表示持续性时间的状语连用时，该句中的动作或状态需要持续，因而需与延续性动词连用。否定句不受此限制。 当现在完成时与表示持续性时间的状语连用时，动词是非延续性动词时，在肯定句中要转化成延 续性动词或表示状态的动词短语。 如：The baby has slept for five hours. 小孩已经睡了五个小时了。 I haven’t left here for three years. 我已经三年没离开这里了。 常见的转换如下： 非延续性动词 延续性动词或短语 非延续性动词 延续性动词或短语 become be borrow keep buy have put on wear get to know know catch a cold have a cold leave be away go out be out die be dead open be open start/begin be on finish be over fall asleep be asleep join be in/ be a member of make friends be friends get married be married 如： I have bought the book for 10 years. 上句是错句。应改为：I have had the book for 10 years. The film has begun for 10 minutes. 上句是错句。应改为：The film has been on for 10 minutes. [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—Jiaozi, the director of Ne Zha 2, ________ on cartoon movies since he graduated from university. —I admire him a lot. His success tells us that hard work will pay off in the end. A．is working B．has worked C．worked D．will work 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——电影《哪吒 2》的导演饺子自大学毕业以来就一直从事卡通电影工作。——我非常钦佩他。他的成功告诉我们，努力最终会有回报。 根据“since he graduated from university”可知，since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Jiaozi”是第三人称单数，应填has worked。 2．Mr. Green ________ in our school for five years, and he ________ here in 2018. A．has worked; came B．worked; came C．has worked; has come D．worked; has come 【答案】A 【详解】句意：格林先生在我们学校工作五年了，他2018年来到这里。 work工作；come来。句中“for five years”表示从过去持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语Mr. Green是第三人称单数，故第一空填has worked；句中“in 2018”是表示过去的具体时间状语，谓语动词应用一般过去时，come的过去式为came。故填has worked；came。 3．—How long have you ________ in this town?   —Since I ________ my job in the local factory. A．lived; got B．lived; have got C．live; got D．live; have got 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—你在这个城镇住多久了？—自从我在当地工厂找到工作以来。 live住；got得到。How long引导现在完成时的特殊疑问句，助动词have后接动词的过去分词，live的过去分词是lived；第二空，since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，get的过去式是got。 4．My father ________ in a hospital for 20 years, and now he works as a manager in a company. A．works B．is working C．has worked D．worked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我父亲在医院工作了20年，现在他在一家公司当经理。 根据后半句“and now he works as a manager in a company”可知，父亲现在不在医院工作了，表示过去发生且已结束的动作，应用一般过去时，work的过去式worked。 5．—I’m sorry for being late. —It doesn’t matter. The talk show ________ for only five minutes. A．starts B．has started C．would be on D．has been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——抱歉我迟到了。——没关系。脱口秀节目只进行了五分钟。 根据时间状语“for only five minutes”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需用延续性动词，start是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，be on为延续性状态，符合语境。故填has been on。 6．—Where is your father? —He ________ to Beijing on business. He ________ there twice. A．has gone; has been B．has been; has gone C．has gone; has gone D．has been; has been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你爸爸在哪里？——他去北京出差了，他已经去过那里两次了。 has gone to表示 “去了某地（还未返回）”；has been to表示 “去过某地（已返回）”。第一空表示人不在此处，用has gone；第二空表示去过的次数，用has been。 7．Nancy ________ in a Chinese high school as an exchange student for two months last year. A．has studied B．studies C．studied D．was studying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去年南希作为交换生在一所中国高中学习了两个月。 考查动词时态。has studied学习，用于现在完成时；studies学习，动词三单形式，用于一般现在时；studied动词过去式，用于一般过去时；was studying正在学习，用于过去进行时。根据句尾“last year去年”可知，last year用于一般过去时，动词需用过去式；study的过去式为studied。故选C。 8．After graduating from college, he ________ a beautiful lady from South Carolina. Till now they have ________ for ten years. A．married; been married B．married to; got married C．married; got married D．married to; been married 【答案】A 【详解】句意：大学毕业后，他娶了一位来自南卡罗来纳州的美丽女士。到现在他们已经结婚十年了。 marry作及物动词表示“与……结婚”时直接接宾语，无需加to，故第一空填married；第二空根据时间状语for ten years可知，谓语动词需使用延续性动词，get married是瞬间动作，不能与时间段连用，be married表示状态，可以延续，故用have been married。故选A。 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) —Are you a soccer player in your school? —Yes, I ________ the team two years ago. I ________ in the team for two years. A．have joined; have been B．have joined; am C．joined; was D．joined; have been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你是你们学校的足球运动员吗？——是的，我两年前加入了球队。我已经在队里两年了。 第一空根据时间状语“two years ago”可知，是描述过去的动作，用一般过去时；第二空时间状语“for two years.”是一段时间，表示状态从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时。应填joined; have been。 (2) —How long ________ you ________ this pen? —Only one day. I ________ it yesterday. A．have bought, bought B．have had, bought C．did buy, have bought D．have been, had 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你拥有这支钢笔多久了？——只有一天。我昨天买的它。 第一空how long提问持续时间，需用延续性动词，have had是延续性表达，可表示“拥有”的状态，而have bought是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用；第二空yesterday是一般过去时的标志，用buy的过去式bought。 (3) His grandpa ________ in the 1950s. He ________ for over 70 years and his death has made his family really sad. A．died; has died B．has died; has been dead C．died; has been dead D．has died; died 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的爷爷在20世纪50年代去世了。他已经去世70多年了，他的去世让家人非常难过。 考查动词时态和延续性动词用法。died一般过去时；has died现在完成时，非延续性动词；has been dead现在完成时，延续性动词。第一空后有明确过去时间in the 1950s，需用一般过去时；第二空后for over 70 years表示持续一段时间，需用延续性动词的现在完成时。故选C。 (4) The first time I ________ to NFLS, I didn’t know much about it. But now I ________ the school for three years and it is my second home. A．came; have come to B．came; have been in C．have come; have come to D．have come; have been in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我第一次来南外（NFLS）时，对它了解不多。但现在我已经在这所学校三年了，它就是我的第二个家。 考查动词时态辨析。第一空，根据“The first time”可知，此句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以第一空应该用一般过去时，动词用过去式；第二空，根据“for three years”可知，此句应该用现在完成时，且谓语动词要用延续性动词，come是短暂性动词，其延续性动词是be in，所以第二空应该用have been in。故选B。 (5) —Miss Hu, I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Yes, I ________ as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back yesterday. A．am working B．worked C．have worked D．work 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——胡小姐，我好久没见到你了。——是的，我在上海做了一个月的志愿护士。我昨天回来的。 考查动词时态。am working正在工作，现在进行时；worked工作，一般过去时；have worked已经工作，现在完成时；work工作，一般现在时。根据“I came back yesterday.”可知，昨天回来了，所以做志愿护士的动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选B。 (6) —Where’s Tom? —He ________ to the library. He ________ there ten minutes ago. A．has gone; went B．went; has gone C．has been; went D．went; went 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——汤姆在哪里？——他去图书馆了。他十分钟前去的。   has gone去了（未回），现在完成时；has been去过（已回），现在完成时；went去了，一般过去时。第一空：此处指他去了图书馆，人现在不在，表示“去了未回”，应用has gone。第二空：时间状语ten minutes ago为过去时间，时态是一般过去时，应用went。 (7) The airline ________ for about 5 months. I have taken the flights three times. A．is open B．has opened C．has been open D．has been opened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这条航线已经开通大约 5 个月了。我已经乘坐过三次航班了。 句中“for about 5 months”是一段时间状语，要求谓语动词具有延续性。open作动词意为“打开”，是瞬间动词，不能与段时间连用；作形容词意为“开着的、营业的”，表示状态，可延续。has been open表示“一直处于开通状态”，符合语境。 (8) —Is Mr Clark there? I need to talk to him. —Sorry, he ________ Shanghai on business for three days. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has been to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——克拉克先生在那儿吗？我需要和他谈谈。——抱歉，他去上海出差三天了。 went to去了；has gone to去了未回；has been in待在某地；has been to去过已回。根据“Sorry”可知人不在，排除选项D；根据“for three days”可知表示持续三天的时间段,动时态需要体现“从过去持续到现在的状态”。be in表状态可延续。B选项虽然表示去了某地（还没回来），但是它强调“去了没回”的结果，是瞬间动作，不能和持续时间段连用。应填has been in。 (9) Mike ________ very hard to make his dream come true in the past few years. A．has worked B．works C．is working D．will work 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，迈克非常努力地工作以实现他的梦想。 句中“in the past few years”是现在完成时的标志性短语，强调从过去持续到现在的动作。时态结构：主语+have/has+过去分词，主语“Mike”是第三人称单数，用 “has”，“work”的过去分词是“worked”，应填has worked。 (10) —How was your weekend, Lily? —It was meaningful. I ________ a study trip to Sanxingdui Museum. A．have B．had C．am having D．was having 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——莉莉，你的周末过得怎么样？——很有意义。我去三星堆博物馆参加了一次研学旅行。 问句询问过去的周末，答句描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时had。 2. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) The news ________ (be) very exciting, so all of us jumped with joy. 【答案】was 【详解】句意：这个消息非常令人兴奋，所以我们所有人都高兴得跳了起来。主语“The news”为不可数名词，视为单数；后半句“jumped”为过去时，说明事件发生在过去，因此前半句也应用一般过去时，填“was”。 (2) You’d better cook the fish as soon as possible because they have been ________ (die) for some time. 【答案】dead 【详解】句意：你最好尽快把鱼煮了，因为它们已经死了一段时间了。根据“they have been ... for some time”以及英文提示可知，此处需要填入一个形容词或过去分词，与“have been”构成现在完成时的被动状态，表示“死亡”的持续状态。“die”是短暂性动词，其对应的延续性状态为“dead”。故填dead。 (3) It’s been three years since we last ________ (see) our primary school classmates. 【答案】saw 【详解】句意：自从我们上次见到小学同学，已经过去三年了。“It’s been + 时间段 + since + 从句”是固定句型，从句需用一般过去时，表示“自从过去某个动作发生以来”，“see”的过去式为“saw”。故填saw。 (4) The government ________ (try) its best to help the people there since the earthquake happened last week. 【答案】has tried 【详解】句意：自上周地震发生以来，政府一直尽力帮助那里的人们。时间状语“since the earthquake happened last week”表示动作从过去持续到现在，主句要用现在完成时。主语“The government”为第三人称单数，助动词用has，try的过去分词为tried。故填has tried。 (5) —Miss Liu used to practise as a teacher in Shanghai before she came here, right? —Yes, she ________ (teach) English there for five years. 【答案】taught 【详解】句意：——刘老师来这儿之前曾在上海任教，对吗？——是的，她在那里教了五年英语。动作“教书”发生在过去，且截止于她来此地之前，是纯粹过去的经历，与现在无关联，用一般过去时，teach的过去式是taught。 (6) The power suddenly ________ (go) out during the terrible storm last night. 【答案】went 【详解】句意：在昨晚的可怕暴风雨中，电力突然中断了。go out“停止运转，熄灭”，为动词短语。根据时间状语last night，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，go的过去式为went。 (7) Lily ________ (not watch) the new movie yet. She plans to watch it this weekend. 【答案】hasn’t watched 【详解】句意：Lily还没有看这部新电影。她计划这个周末去看。根据时间状语“yet”可知，句子应用现在完成时的否定形式，表示到目前为止尚未发生的动作。主语Lily是第三人称单数，助动词用has，否定形式为has not，可缩写为hasn’t，watch的过去分词为watched，故填hasn’t watched。 (8) Yesterday we ________ (hold) a meaningful class meeting on environmental protection. 【答案】held 【详解】句意：昨天我们举行了一次有意义的关于环境保护的班会。句中的时间状语“Yesterday”，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式。故填held。 (9) —May I borrow your bike? —I’m afraid not. I ________ (lend) it to Andy. 【答案】have lent 【详解】句意：——我可以借你的自行车吗？——恐怕不行。我已经把它借给安迪了。句中强调“借出”这个过去动作对现在造成的影响（自行车现在不在我这里，无法再借给你），需用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语为第一人称单数I，助动词用have；lend的过去分词为lent，故填have lent。 (10) Haven’t you noticed it? You ________ (drop) the key sometime on your way here! 【答案】dropped 【详解】句意：你没发现吗？你来的路上某个时候把钥匙弄丢了。时间状语是“sometime on your way here”，这是一个过去的时间点，说明“丢钥匙”是过来路上已经发生的动作，用一般过去时，drop的过去式为dropped。 (11) As a top player, Daniel ________ (practise) hard to improve his physical strength over the past six years. 【答案】has practised 【详解】句意：作为一名顶级球员，丹尼尔在过去的六年里一直努力训练以提高他的体力。根据“over the past six years”可知，强调时间的延续，用现在完成时。故填has practised。 (12) The movie ________ (begin) for over ten minutes. 【答案】has been on 【详解】句意：这部电影已经开始超过十分钟了。根据“for over ten minutes”可知，此处需要用现在完成时态，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在。主语“The movie”为第三人称单数，因此用has。begin是短暂性动词，此处应用延续性动词be on。故填has been on。 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法填空 A My hometown has changed a lot over the years. I 1 (live) here since I was born. When I was young, there 2 (be) many old houses and small roads. The river was dirty because people often 3 (put) waste into it. Now, great changes 4 (take) place. Tall buildings and wide streets can be seen everywhere. The river is much 5 (clean) than before. Many trees and flowers 6 (plant) along the river. People used to 7 (walk) or ride bikes, but now most families have cars. My parents often tell me that they 8 (not have) enough food when they were young. Now we enjoy a comfortable life. I think life is better than before. However, I still miss the old days from time to time. I 9 (make) many close friends here over the years. I hope my hometown 10 (become) more and more beautiful in the future. 【答案】 1．have lived 2．were 3．put 4．have taken 5．cleaner 6．are planted 7．walk 8．didn’t have 9．have made 10．will become 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了家乡多年来的变化，从过去的老房子、小河、步行出行到如今的高楼、清洁的河流和汽车出行，表达了对家乡变化的感受和未来的期望。 1．句意：我自从出生就一直住在这里。“since I was born”是现在完成时的标志，主语I，谓语用have lived。 2．句意：我小时候，有很多老房子和小路。“When I was young”是一般过去时的标志，主语many old houses and small roads为复数，谓语用were。 3．句意：河水很脏，因为人们经常把废物倒进去。描述过去经常发生的动作，用一般过去时，put的过去式与原形相同，用put。 4．句意：现在，巨大的变化已经发生。“Now”在此强调变化已完成并影响现在，用现在完成时，主语great changes为复数，谓语用have taken。 5．句意：河水比以前干净多了。“than”是比较级的标志，clean的比较级为cleaner，用cleaner。 6．句意：河边种了许多树和花。主语Many trees and flowers与plant之间为被动关系，描述客观现状用一般现在时被动，主语为复数，谓语用are planted。 7．句意：人们过去常常步行或骑自行车。“used to”后接动词原形，用walk。 8．句意：我的父母告诉我，他们小时候没有足够的食物。“when they were young”是一般过去时的标志，否定形式用didn’t have。 9．句意：这些年来我在这里交了很多好朋友。“over the years”是现在完成时的标志，主语I，谓语用have made。 10．句意：我希望我的家乡将来变得越来越美丽。“in the future”是一般将来时的标志，谓语用will become。 B In April 2025, a group of young journalists from ten different countries visited China for a cultural exchange programme. They travelled to several cities and learned about modern China. One of the journalists, Maria from Italy, 1 (visit) China twice before. She said she was deeply 2 (impress) by the changes she saw. “Ten years ago, when I first came here, many streets 3 (be) not so clean, and public transport was less convenient. Some areas 4 (not have) enough green spaces,” she said. “But now, everything is different. The cities 5 (become) greener and more organized, and people’s lives 6 (improve) greatly.” The group also visited a highspeed railway centre and tried the maglev train. Maria couldn’t believe how fast and 7 (comfort) it was. “This is truly amazing,” she said. All the journalists agreed that China 8 (develop) rapidly over the past decade. They are sure that China will continue to make 9 progress in the future. Maria said she hoped to return again soon and see 10 new changes. 【答案】 1．had visited 2．impressed 3．were 4．didn’t have 5．have become 6．have improved 7．comfortable 8．has developed 9．more 10．these 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了2025年4月来自十个不同国家的青年记者来华参加文化交流项目，意大利记者玛利亚结合多次访华经历分享了感受，展现了中国近十年的巨大发展变化，所有记者都认可中国的发展速度，也看好中国未来的发展。 1．句意：其中一名来自意大利的记者玛利亚，在此之前已经到访过中国两次。 动作visit发生在2025年本次访华（过去的动作）之前，属于“过去的过去”，需要用过去完成时。 2．句意：她表示自己看到的变化给她留下了深刻的印象。be impressed by是固定搭配，意为“给……留下深刻印象”。 3．句意：十年前我第一次来这里的时候，很多街道都没有这么干净，公共交通没这么便捷。“Ten years ago”提示时态为一般过去时。 4．句意：一些区域没有足够的绿地。本句描述十年前的情况，用一般过去时。 5．句意：城市变得更绿、更有序，人们的生活得到了极大的改善。本句描述从过去到现在的变化，用现在完成时。 6．句意： 城市变得更绿、更有序，人们的生活得到了极大的改善。本句描述从过去到现在的变化，用现在完成时。 7．句意：玛利亚不敢相信磁悬浮列车竟然这么快，这么舒适。and连接并列成分，此处是形容词，和fast并列作表语。 8．句意：所有记者都认同，过去十年中国发展十分迅速。 “over the past decade”提示是现在完成时。 9．句意：他们肯定中国在未来会继续取得更多的进步。结合语境可知，未来比现在会有更多的进步，more“更多”修饰名词progress。 10．句意：玛利亚表示她希望很快再次到访，看到这些变化。此处指该段前文提及的未来的进步，即新的变化，用these指代。 2. 翻译句子 (1) 我参观了旧建筑，逛了逛商店，喝了咖啡，还品尝了当地的小吃。 【答案】I visited old buildings, went around shops, drank coffee and tasted local snacks. (2) 他们过去常常在公园里相聚。 【答案】They used to get together in the park. (3) 这个组织自2012年以来就帮助贫困儿童。 【答案】The organization has helped poor children since 1. (4) 上周，我们清理了河里的废弃物。 【答案】Last week, we removed the waste in the river. (5) 自2025年以来，苏超(Su Chao)在中国人当中非常流行。 【答案】Su Chao has been popular with/among Chinese people since 1. (6) 在过去的 40 年里，农村的生活条件发生了很大的变化。 【答案】Living conditions in the countryside have changed a lot over the last 40 years. (7) 游客们想要知道这个科技博物馆已经开放多久了。 【答案】The visitors want to know how long the Science Museum has been open. (8) 照顾老人很重要。我甚至已经教会了他们如何使用智能手机。 【答案】It is very important to take care of the old. I have even taught them how to use smartphones./Taking care of the elderly is very important. I have even taught them how to use smartphones. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $