Unit 5 Working the Land-【新课程能力培养】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册学习手册（人教版）

UNIT 5 WORKING THE LANDO UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND Culture Background Analysis Organic Food:Why? claim.An extensive review by the UK Food Europe is now the biggest market for organ- Standards Agency found that there was no statis- ic food in the world,expanding by 25 percent a tically significant difference between organic year over the past 10 years.So what is the at-and conventional crops.Even where results indi- traction of organic food for some people?The re-cated there was evidence of a difference,the re- ally important thing is that organic food sounds viewers found no sign that these differences more“natural'”.Eating organic food is a way of would have any noticeable effect on health. defining oneself to be natural,good,caring,dif- The simplistic claim that organic food is ferent from the junk-food-eating masses. more nutritious than conventional food was Unlike conventional farming,the organic always likely to be misleading.Food is a natural approach means farming with natural rather than product,and the health value of different foods man-made fertilisers and pesticides.Techniques will vary for a number of reasons,including such as crop rotation improve soil quality and freshness,the way the food is cooked,the type of help organic farmers compensate for the absence soil it is grown in,the amount of sunlight and of man-made chemicals.As a method of food rain crops have received,and so on.Likewise, production,organic farming is,however,ineffi-the flavour of a carrot has less to do with cient in its use of labour and land;there are se-whetherit was fertilised with manure or vere limits to how much food can be produced.somethingout of a plastic sack than with the va- Also,the environmental benefits of not using ar-riety of the carrot and how long ago it was tificial fertilisers are tiny compared with the a-dug up. mount of carbon dioxide emitted by transporting The notion that organic food is safer than food. "normal"food is also contradicted by the fact Organic farming is often claimed to be safer that many of our most common foods are full of than conventional farming.Yet studies into or- natural toxins.As one research expert says, ganic farming worldwide continue to reject thisPeople think that the more natural something 学 71 N 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） is,the better it is for them.That is simply not( )2.The environment benefits a lot from the case.In fact,it is the opposite that is true: not using man-made fertilisers. the closer a plant is to its natural state,the more )3.There is no denying that organic crops likely it is that it will poison you.Naturally, are safer than conventional ones. many plants do not want to be eaten,so we have )4.The weather conditions during the spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and growth of crops affect their nutrition- breeding out harmful traits from crops." al content. 根据上文判断正(T)误(F) )5.The closer a plant is to its natural ()1.Techniques of organic farming help state,the less suitable it is to be eat- improve soil quality. en. 、72)学 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LANDO Period 1 Reading and Thinking Learning About Language I.重点知识讲解 水严重短缺。 1.devote (2)There's things to do in the 【归纳拓展】 town. devote u.献身；专心于 城里不愁找不到活儿干。 devote..to把.…奉献于.…；把.…用于 (3)He father's illness left the family devote oneself to献身于…；致力于.. money. devoted ad,挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的 他父亲的病使得全家缺钱。 be devoted to(doing)sth.专心于（做）某事；奉 (4)Call me Jo-it's Joanna. 献于（做）某事 叫我乔好了一—这是乔安娜的简称。 devotion n.关爱；关照；奉献：忠诚 3.boost 【情境助记】 【归纳拓展】 (1)She herself boost vl.使增长；使兴旺 her career. n.增长；提高；激励 她全力倾注于自己的事业。 boost profits提高利润 (2)They their children. boost one''s confidence增强某人的信心 他们深爱着自己的孩子。 【情境助记】 (3)His to his wife and family is (1)We need a big win to touching. 我们需要一个大的胜利来增强我们的自 他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。 信心。 2.shortage (2)They are putting up new hotels in order to 【归纳拓展】 in the area. shortage n.缺乏；缺少；不足 他们正在盖新旅馆以促进该地区的旅 a shortage of缺乏… 游业。 shorten v.使变短；变短 (3)Winning the competition was a wonderful short adj.短暂的，简短的；矮的：短缺的 for her morale. be/run short of短缺 赢得了那场比赛使她士气大振。 be short for是.的简称 4.tackle 【情境助记】 【归纳拓展】 (1)There is water. tackle vt.应付，处理，解决（难题或局面） 73 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） n.（足球等)抢断球，阻截铲球；（敢榄球或美 idence that power lines have anything to do 式足球)擒抱摔倒，阻截：用具；体育器材；（尤 with cancer. 指)渔具 科学家称没有有力证据证明电线能致癌。 tackle sb..(about sth.)与某人交涉；向某人提 (4)I am of her innocence. 起（问题或困难情况） 我们坚信她是清白无辜的。 【情境助记】 6.characteristic (1)The government is determined to 【归纳拓展】 inflation. characteristic n.特征；特点；品质 政府决心解决通货膨胀问题。 ad.典型的；独特的 (2)I him the money be characteristic of具有…的特征 he owed me. character n.品质，性格；特点，特征；（具有某 我就他欠我钱的事与他进行了交涉。 种特征的)人；字符 (3)He just outside the penalty area. characteristically ad.典型地 他就在禁区外让对方把球抢断。 【情境助记】 5.convince (1)Genes determine the of ev- 【归纳拓展】 ery living thing. convince v.使确信；使相信；使信服 基因决定了每个生物的特征。 convince sb.(of sth.)使某人信服某事 (2)t him to be late. convince sb.（that)..使某人确信…. 他的特点就是迟到。 convince sb.to do sth.说服，劝说（某人做某事） (3)He replied in firm style. convinced ad.确信的；坚定不移的 他以典型的坚定风格作答。 be convinced of sth./hat.坚信：深信：确信 7.attain convineing ad.令人信服的；有说服力的 【归纳拓展】 【情境助记】 attain vt.（通常经过努力)获得，得到；达到 (1)You will need to them (某年龄、水平、状况) your enthusiasm for the job. attainable ac.可达到的：可获得的 你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热忱。 attainment n.成就；造诣：达到；获得 (2)I've been trying to him 【情境助记】 see a doctor. (1)Most of our students five‘A' 我一直劝他去看病。 grades in their exams. (3)Scientists say there is no ev- 我们多数学生的考试成绩是五个优。 74 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LANDO (2)It is unrealistic to believe perfection is an (4)It is generally that stress is goal. caused by too much work. 相信完美可以企及是不现实的。 普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。 (3)The of ambitions was still a 9.overcome dream. 【归纳拓展】 他要实现的抱负仍然是一个梦想。 overcome vt.(overcame,overcome)克服；解决； 8.assumption 战胜 【归纳拓展】 be overcome by被..困扰 assumption n.假定；假设；（责任的）承担； be overcome by fear/despair/depression被恐 (权利的)获得 惧/失望/抑郁困扰 assumption of power/,control权利/控制的取得 【情境助记】 on the assumption that假定 (1)She to win the gold medal. assume(that)假定；假设：认为 她战胜了伤痛赢得了金牌。 assume sth..承担（责任）；就（职）；取得（权利） (2)Her parents with grief at the assume sb../sth.tobe假定/假设某人/某事为 funeral. It is assumed that...人们认为 在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。 assumed adj.假定的；假设的 10.expand assumed name化名 【归纳拓展】 assuming conj.假定 expand ut.&i扩大；增加t.扩展；发展（业务） assuming(that).假设.…为真；假如 expand on/upon sth.详述；充分叙述；详细 【情境助记) 阐明 (1) that he is still alive,how old expansion n.扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀 would he be now? expansive ad.广阔的；辽阔的；浩瀚的 假设他还活着，现在有多大年纪了？ 【情境助记】 (2)It was impossible to make assumptions (1)The book is an of a series of people's reactions lectures given last year 臆断人们的反应是不可能的。 本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。 (3)We are working the assumption (2)Could you on that point, that everyone invited will turn up. please? 我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席并正 请你把那一点详细说明一下好吗？ 就此作出安排。 (3)She opened her arms wide in an 75 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） gesture of welcome. 13.comprise 她展开双臂以示欢迎。 【归纳拓展】 11.estimate comprise vt. 包括；包含；由…组成（consist 【归纳拓展】 of)不用于进行时，也可以用于be comprised of; estimate v.估计；估价；估算n.估计：估算 是某事物的组成部分；组成；构成(make up) estimation n.估计；判断；评价 近义词组辨析 estimated adj.估计的；预计的：估算的 consist of由…组成，是及物动词短语，但是 It is estimated that据估计 没有被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。 【情境助记】 be made up of由…组成 (1)There are an 90,000gang- make up组成，构成 sters in the country. constitute组成，构成 这个国家估计有9万名歹徒。 be composed of由…组成、构成 (2) that the project will last four 【情境助记】 years. (1)The group ten people. 据估计，这项工程将持续四年。 这个小组由10个人组成。 (3)Since he left his wife he's certainly (2)Ten people the group. 10个人组成了这个组。 他离弃妻子之后我对他的看法便不如从 (3)The collection 327 paintings. 前了。 那一组收藏有327幅画。 12.consumption (4)Older people a large propor- 【归纳拓展】 tion of those living in poverty consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费 在那些生活贫困的人中，老年人占有很大 consume vt.消耗；吃，喝；使充满 的比例。 be consumed with使充满（强烈的感情） 14.vision consumer n. 消费者；顾客 【归纳拓展】 【情境助记】 vision n.[U]视力；视野[C]想象；幻象 (1)Before he died he a large have good/perfect/poor/blurred/normal vision quantity of alcohol. 视力好/极好/差/模糊/正常 他死亡前喝了大量的酒。 have visions of想象；幻象 (2)Carolyn guilt. a vision(of sth.)俊男；天仙；有.气质的人 卡罗琳深感内疚。 envision ut.展望：想象 76 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LANDO visionary ad.有眼力的；有创见的；有远见卓 【情境助记】 识的 (1)Their friendship soon into love. n.有眼力的人：有远见卓识的人 他们的友谊很快发展成为爱情。 【情境助记】 (2)He seems confident but (1)They an equal society,free of down he is quite insecure. poverty and disease. 他好像很有信心，实际上却没什么把握。 他们向往一个没有贫穷和疾病的平等 (3)Dignity and pride run 社会。 this community. (2)They didn't any problem with 尊严和骄傲已深深扎根于这个群体 the new building 之中。 他们没想到这栋楼会有什么问题。 (4)Water was found at a of 30 (3)I had visions us getting hope- metres lessly lost 在30米深处找到了水。 我想象我们完全迷失了方向。 16.far from (4)She was vision in white lace. 【归纳拓展】 她穿着白色蕾丝的衣服美极了。 far from sth./doing sth.几乎相反；远非 15.deep down far from it完全相反；绝非；远非如此 【归纳拓展】 【情境助记】 deep down在内心深处；在心底；实际上；事 (1)-You are not angry then? 实上 I've never laughed so run/go deep强烈；深厚；深入内心 much in my life. deeply ad.很，非常；及其；（与某些动词连 那么你不生气？ 用)深刻地，强烈地，深沉地 非但没有生气，我一生中还没有这样 deeply rooted customs/,ideas根深蒂固的习俗/ 笑过呢。 思想 (2)It is clear(=it is not clear) breathe/sigh/exhale deeply深呼吸；深深地叹 what he intends to do 息；长长地呼气 他打算怎样做一点都不清楚。 depth.n.向下的距离；深（度）；纵深 (3)However,in terms of nutrition,fast food is deepen(sth.)into sth.(使情感、感觉等)加 强，变强烈 然而在营养方面，快餐食品远远不能令 人满意。 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） Ⅱ.重点句型解读 清华大学建于1911年，是许多杰出人物 1.Today,it is estimated that about 60 的摇篮。 percent of domestic rice consumption in (3)Two of the authors of the review also made a China is comprised of crops generated study published in 2014 that showed a me- from Yuan's hybrid strains,and his tre 5 to 10 minutes a day of running re- strains have allowed China's farmers to duced the risk of heart disease. produce around 200 million tons of rice 该评论的两位作者还在2014年发表了一 per year. 项研究，该研究表明，每天跑步仅仅15分 据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有 钟就可以降低患心脏病的风险。 60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻，他的杂交水 2. Given that Yuan's hybrids have made 稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约 him quite wealthy,one might think he 两亿吨大米。 would retire to a life of leisure.Howev- 【归纳拓展】 er,this is far from the case. (1)本句中it作形式主语，而将that从句置于 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有， 句尾。t作形式主语时，连接代词、连接副词 人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 或whether/if引导的主语从句作真正的主语。 然而，事实远非如此。 (2)常见句式： 【归纳拓展】 It+be+过去分词+从句 (I)given prep..考虑到；鉴于 It+be+形容词+从句 given that conj.考虑到；鉴于 It+be+名词（短语）+从句 (2)有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的 It+be+不及物动词（短语）+从句 选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。 It is believed that..…人们相信 常见的还有： It is known to all that..众所周知 generally speaking（to be general)一般 (3)generated是过去分词作后置定语，与crops 来说 是逻辑上的被动关系，表示被动或完成。 frankly/honestly speaking坦白地/老实说 【情境助记】 judging from/by..根据…来判断 (1)It is ordered that all the soldiers should be considering.../taking...into consideration/ sent to the front. account考虑到.…. 命令传出所有士兵都上前线。 to tell you the truth说实话 (2)Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home seeing..考虑到 to a great number of outstanding figures. compared to/with..与.相比 78 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LANDO 【情境助记】 marry Bud. (1)Given his age(Considering how old he is), 9.He was advised to reduce his alcohol he's remarkably active. consume) 考虑到他的年龄，他已是相当活跃的了。 10.The professor devoted all his life to (2)It was surprising the government was re-e- research)the treatment of malaria. lected,given that they had raised taxes so 二、按要求完成下列句子 much. 1.我坚信他已经从错误中吸取了教训。 令人惊奇的是，政府把税收提高这么多 that he has learnt from his 仍再次当选了。 mistakes. Ⅲ.小试牛刀 2.不能克服自己的害羞，他站在那什么也说 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 不出来。 1.Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a prob- Unable to he stood there lem call)caffeinism. without saying anything. 2.No one has come up with a con- 3.尽管害怕，但是我的内心深处却感到了真 vince)explanation of why dinosaurs died out. 正的满足。 3.In places such as Shanghai,people eat sweet Despite the fear,I could feel dumplings,a kind of small dumpling ball a real satisfaction produce)with sticky rice 4.他决定把余生贡献给科学研究。 flour. He decided to scientific re- 4.I hope to go to college next year,always search. (assume)I pass my exams 5.我深呼吸，仰望着那破云而出的道道阳光。 5.Computers,far from de- and watch the sun's ray stroy)jobs,can create employment. streak through breaking clouds. 6.His problems are (deep)root- 6. 让我最感动的是电影中妈妈对儿子深深的爱。 ed in his childhood experiences in the movie was the 7.Two of the authors of the review also made a mother's deep love for her son study (publish)in 2014 that 7.碰巧他们都喜欢流行音乐。 showed a metre 5 to 10 minutes a day of run- that they all like pop music. ning reduced the risk of heart disease. 8.我们必须百尺竿头，更进一步，才能实现 8.That weekend in Plattsburgh,he convinced 目标。 her （go)ahead and Still greater efforts are needed before we 79 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） people looked on high output 3. their 9.考试前的一晚，我被恐惧与绝望困扰着。 only goal.So they used fertilizers and farm 4. fear and despair. chemical)without limit.This surely 10.作为我们学校选出的三名志愿者之一， lead to quality 5. (degrade).At pres- 我感到很兴奋。 ent,China has established nine indicators 6. As one of the three volunteers (evaluate)the quality of rice,some of felt excited. are positively correlated with the 三、语篇填空 output,while 8. are not.Due to 9. The debates among scientists about 1. improve)in quality,six indicators of quality or quantity should take priority the rice have met the First-grade level,and the are frequently heard.But Yuan Longping firmly other three the Second-grade.Some people,after believed high yield does not 2. neces- trying this rice,said,"It tastes 10. sary)mean a low quality.In the past,Chinese good)than the rice from Thailand. 80)学 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LANDO Period 2 Using Language I.重点知识讲解 sitting on the eggs. 1.nutrition 雄鸟和雌鸟轮流伏窝。 【归纳拓展】 (4)Can I buy you lunch your nutrition n.营养；滋养 help? nutritional ad.营养（物）的 感谢你的帮忙，我请你吃午饭好吗？ nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的 (5)I asked her opinion,but she just asked me a 【情境助记】 question (1)Junk foods are anything but ,S0 我征求她的意见，她却只是反问了我 students should avoid them. 一句。 垃圾食品根本没有营养，因此学生要避免 3.digest 吃垃圾食品。 【归纳拓展】 (2)Both provide intensive coaching,training fa- digest v.消化；领会n.摘要；概要；文摘； cilities and advice. 汇编 两者都提供强化训练，培训设施和营养 digest sth.领悟；理解 建议。 a monthly news digest每月新闻摘要 2.in turn digestible adj.易消化的；口感好的；易理解的 【归纳拓展】 可领会的(opp.一indigestible) in turn依次；轮流；逐个相应地；转而 digestion n.消化；消化能力 take turns(in sth./to do sth.)BrE also take it have a good/poor digestion消化能力强/弱 in turns)依次；轮流 【情境助记】 in return for..作为（对…的）回报：作为 (1)Humans cannot plants such as 回应 grass. 【情境助记】 人不能消化草类植物。 (1)The children called out their names (2)He paused,waiting for her the information. 孩子们逐一自报姓名。 他停了一会儿，等她慢慢领会这一信息。 (2)Increased production will, 4.essential lead to increased profits. 【归纳拓展】 增加生产会继而增加利润。 essential ad山.完全有必要的；极其重要的 (3)The male and female birds in be essential to/for sth.对…是必要的 学 81 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） It is essential for sb..to do sth.对某人来说做 6.alternative …有必要的 【归纳拓展】 It is essential that做.…是有必要的 alternative ad,供选择的；其他的 【情境助记】 n. 可能的选择 (1)Experience this job. alternatively ad.(引出第二种选择或可能的 对于这个工作，经验是非常重要的。 建议)要不，或者 (2) the two groups separate. have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只 将这两组隔开是完全有必要的。 好做某事 (3) you have some experience. alternative energy替代能源 你必须得有些经验。 【情境助记】 5.prohibit (1)We had no alternative but 【归纳拓展】 (fire)Gibson. prohibit v.(尤指法令)禁止 我们别无他法，只有辞退吉布森。 prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 (2)The agency will make travel arrangements prevent sb.from doing sth. for you. alternative),you prohibit(sb.)doing sth.禁止做某事 can organize your own transport prohibition n.（尤指通过法律的)禁止，阻止 旅行社将为你安排旅行，或者你可以自 prohibition(against/on sth.)禁令；禁律 行安排交通工具。 prohibitive ad.高昂得令人难以承受；禁止 7.instance 的：极可能获胜的 【归纳拓展】 【情境助记】 instance n.例子；实例；事例 (1)The policy smoking on school for instance例如；比如 grounds. for example例如；比如 该政策禁止在校内吸烟。 【情境助记】 (2)Soviet citizens were prohibited (1)In most there will be no travelling abroad. need for further treatment. 苏联时代国民被禁止出国旅行。 多数情况下，不必继续治疗。 (3)Miami began the day a Super (2)What would you do, if you Bowl favourite. found a member of staff stealing? 迈阿密队今天从一开始就表现出是美国 比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会 橄榄球超级碗大赛的夺冠热门。 怎么办？ Ⅱ.重点句型解读 1.With more and more farm machines be- 82 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND O ing used in the fields,the consumption of 的矿物质放回土壤中，使土地能为下一次 fuel has been increasing. 种植而做好准备。 随着田地里使用越来越多的农业机械，原 【归纳拓展】 油的消耗逐渐增加。 (1)本复合句子的主语是由Wy引导的从 【归纳拓展】 句，在句中叫作主语从句；because引导的从 本句中With more and more farm machines be- 句在句中充当表语；making是分词形式在句 ing used为with复合结构作状语，表示状态或 中作结果状语，表示自然发展的结果；而不定 者背景说明，wth复合结构，可以位于句首或 式表示出乎意料的结果，常与only连用。 句尾，常在句中表示伴随、方式、原因、条件等 (2)because和why引导的表语从句常用以下 状语。构成形式：with/without+名词/代词+ 句型： 宾语补足语（现在分词、过去分词、动词不定 This/That is why..这/那是…的原因，why 式、形容词、副词、介词短语)。此结构中，宾 后接某事产生的结果 语通常由名词或代词充当，但是代词一定要 This/"That is because..这/那是因为…，be 用宾格。 cause从句后接某事发生的原因 【情境助记】 但是，主句主语是reason时，表语从句一般由 (1)The girl hid her box without anyone know- that引导，而不用because或why。 ing where it was. The reason why..is that..某事发生的原因是 女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在 why引导的定语从句修饰reason.。 哪里。 【情境助记】 (2)The kid feels excited with so many places of (1)The reason for yesterday's accident is that interest to visit. the driver was drunk. 这么多的名胜可以参观，小孩很激动。 昨天事故的原因是因为司机酒驾。 (3)I like to sleep with the windows open. (2)He went to the station in a hurry,catching 我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。 the last train. (4)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my 他匆忙去了车站，赶上了末班车。 eyes fixed on the ceiling. (3)He went to the station in a hurry,only to 我在我的房间里坐了几分钟，眼睛盯着天 find the last train gone. 花板。 他匆忙去了车站，却发现末班车已经开 2.Why different crops are grown is because 走了。 they put important minerals back into the (4)More highways have been built in China, ground,making it ready again for the making it much easier for people to travel next batch of crops. from one place to another. 种植不同作物的原因是他们可以把重要 中国又建了更多高速公路，这使人们从 83 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） 处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。 from Hong Kong. 3。 What keeps them from doing so is the 2 organic)grown produce does fact that chemical faming serves the high not differ greatly in appearance from conven- demand for food around the world. tionally grown crops. 阻止他们这样做的是事实上使用化学耕 3.We are thinking of having an 作（比有机耕作）更能满足全世界对食品 extend)built as we now require an extra 大量的需求。 bedroom. 【归纳拓展】 4.We have no alternative but (1)本句中主语是由what引导的从句充当 (sell)our house to pay a debt 的。that引导同位语从句，作the fact的同 5.The audience was almost 位语。 （entire)teenagers. (2)what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语 6.Film has a much shorter history,especially 从句以及同位语从句，what在从句中充当主 when compare to such art 语、宾语或者表语，通常表示“…东西或事 forms as music and painting. 情”，“…的人或样子”，“…的数量或数 7. Without a word more 目”，“…的时间”和“…的地方”。 speak),she left the meeting room. (3)同位语从句在句中作同位语，一般跟在名 8.No liquids are served with meals because 词后，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。这类 they interfere with (digest). 名词包括：fact,idea,news,message,infor-- 9.Nectarine(油桃)isa （nutri- mation,promise,belief,condition,doubt, tion)fruit and is welcomed by consumers. fear,hope,order,request,chance,truth, 10.The apartment contained the basic word…… (essential)for bachelor life 【情境助记】 二、按要求完成下列句子 (1)The news that they had won the game soon 1.现实地设定我们的目标是很有必要的。 spread over the whole school. for us to set our goal realisti- 他们赢得比赛的消息迅速传遍了整个 cally. 学校。 2.没人求助，他除了独自解决危机别无选择。 (2)My hometown is not what it used to be sev- With no one to turn to,he eral years ago. tackle the crisis on his own. 我的家乡不再是几年前的样子了。 3.停下来花些时间好好地睡觉，好好地放松 Ⅲ.小试牛刀 闲散下，听听音乐或者进行一些放松活动。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 Take time out to sleep properly,laze around, 1. judge)from his accent,he is listen to music or have some form of 84 学 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LANDO these general 1. rule)for polite be- 4.选择好吃的，有营养的食品总是很重要的。 havior. It is important to If you 2. invite)to an American 5.Jane用力挥动她的黄衬衫，想要被直升机 friend's home for dinner,first of all,arrive ap- 看到。 proximately on time(but not early).Americans Jane waved her yellow blouse hard, expect promptness(准时).When you're invited to someone's home for a meal,3. is 6.显然，学生们应为他们的未来而做好准备。 polite to bring a small gift.Flowers or candies that students should be well are always appropriate.If you have an attractive prepared for their future. item 4. (make)in your native coun- 7.作为对你的善意的报答，我想请你吃 try,your host or hostess would certainly enjoy 顿饭。 receiving that as a gift. your kindness,I would like Wearing proper clothes and a beautiful to invite you to dinner. smile is simply not enough.Table manners are 8.我妈妈非常传统，发现很难接受我喜欢的 also 5. great importance.Do not open 现代的生活方式。 your mouth to talk,6. _you have swal- My mother was conventional and lowed your food.Also,chew food with your accept the modern lifestyle that I en- mouth 7. (close).When you want to joyed. get the food that is at a distance,do not stretch 9.在卢克母亲热切的注视下，我感到很不 your hands 8. (reach)for it.Instead, 自在。 ask for the food to be passed to you. I felt so self-conscious under Luke's mother's Don't leave 9. immediate)after dinner,but don't overstay your welcome,either. 10.她睡着，灯还亮着。 When your friends seem to be getting tired and She fell asleep running out of conversation,take their behavior 三、语篇填空 as a signal to leave.The next day,call or write Nowadays,more and more people have 10. thank-you note to say how much chances to travel,study,work or even live a- you enjoyed the evening. broad.It is necessary for you to keep in mind 学(85 N 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） Period 3 Grammar 本单元的语法项目：主语从句 引导的主语从句中，连接代词充当一定的 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句就是主 成分。 语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从 What we need is more practice. 句的连接词有： 我们需要的是更多的练习。 从属连词 that,whether Whoever comes in first will receive a prize. what,which,who,whom,whose,whatev- 无论谁先到都可以得奖。 连接代词 er,whichever,whoever,whomever 注：wh-疑问词+ever在主语从句中不含 连接副词 when,where,how,why 疑问意义，它引导主语从句，在从句中作主 、主语从句的引导词 语、宾语、表语等。wh-疑问词+ever还能引导 1.从属连词 让步状语从句。 that引导主语从句，起连接作用，不在从 Whoever breaks the law should be pun- 句中充当成分，没有实际意义，不能省略。 ished..(主语从句) whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，放 Anyone who breaks the law should be 在句首、句末皆可。 punished. That you are coming to London is the best 任何违反法律的人都应该受到惩罚。 news I have heard this long time. Whoever breaks the law,he should be pun- 你将来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的 ished.(让步状语从句) 最好的消息。 No matter who breaks the law,he should Whether it will do us harm remains to be be punished.) seen 不管谁违反了法律，他都应该受到惩罚。 是否对我们有害还要看一看。 3.连接副词 It remains to be seen whether it will do us 由连接副词when,where,how和why引 harm. 导的主语从句，连接副词在从句中作状语。 是否对我们有害还要看一看。 How it was done was a mystery. 2.连接代词 这是怎样做的是一个谜。 在由连接代词what,which,who,whom, Where I spend my summer is no business whose,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever of yours. 86 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LANDO 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 no difference,occur) 4.it作形式主语 It does not matter if I missed my train. 一般来说，主语从句都是放在句首，但有 我是否错过火车没关系。 时为了使句子平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用t It happened that I saw him yesterday. 作形式主语，从而把主语从句放在后面。常 我昨天碰巧看见他了。 见的t作形式主语的句式有以下几种： 二、主语从句需要注意的几个问题 (1)t+be+名词+从句。（常见名词有 1.主语从句必须用陈述语序。 fact,pity,wonder,shame,honour,question) When he will come is not known. It is a pity that you can't attend the meet- 还不知道他什么时候来。 ing. 2.连词that在从句中无实际意义，但不 你不能出席会议太遗憾了。 能省略。 (2)It+be+形容词+从句。（常见形容 That he will not come to the meeting this necessary,clear,likely,important,strange, evening is true natural,obvious,certain,true) 今晚他不来参加会议是真的。 It is obvious that we cannot go on like this. 3.whether可以引导主语从句，放在句 显而易见，我们不能再继续这样下去了。 首，但f不能。 It is necessary that you (should)master the Whether the match will be canceled has computer. not been decided yet. 掌握电脑是很有必要的。 比赛是否取消还没决定。 (3)It+be+过去分词+从句。（常见过 4.主语从句的谓语动词多用第三人称单 去分词有known,expected,believed,thought, 数形式。两个或两个以上的从句作主语，谓 hoped,suggested,demanded) 语动词用复数。两个或两个以上的连词引导 It is reported that 16 people were killed in 一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。 the traffic accident. When he will come is a puzzle. 据报道，16人在车祸中丧生。 他什么时候来是个谜。 It is thought that he is the best player. Where he was born and where he lives now 据说他是最好的选手。 are unclear. (4)t+不及物动词（词组）+从句。（常 他在哪儿出生和他现在在哪儿生活没人 见动词和词组有happen,appear,matter,make 知道。 87 N 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） When and where the meeting is to be held What he needs is that book. hasn't been decided yet. 他需要的是那本书。 何时何地举行会议还没决定。 What he needs are some books. 5.what引导的主语从句，可根据表语决 他需要的是一些书。 定主句谓语动词的单复数形式。 88)学 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LANDO Period 4 Writing 写作点拨 over..最近我们对…进行了激烈讨论。 如何写议论文 Currently there is a widespread concern o- 议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的文 ver.现在，人们普遍关注的是. 体，它通过摆事实、讲道理等方法对客观事物 陈述观点的句式： 进行评述或议论，以阐明作者的观点或者说 Views on the issue vary from person to per- 服别人。议论文要有论点、论证和论据。要 son. 求逻辑严密，结构清晰，语言简练。议论文的 对该问题的看法因人而异。 写作要尽量避免使用口语，多使用书面语，可 Some people claim that...while the others 以适当使用格言、谚语。写作要以议论为主， argue that... 辅之以叙述、说明和描写等手法。 有人认为…而另外一些人则认为… 高考议论文的常见形式 In my opinion/view,As for me,/Person- 一、正反观点型：即从正反两个方面对具 ally,From my point of view,I stand on the 有争议的观点进行分析，然后再明确表达出 side of... 自己的见解和观点。 就个人而言，我支持… 二、陈述观点型：即就某一问题正面阐述 As far as I'm concerned,I am in favour of 自己的观点，说明自己的理由。 the former opinion to some extent. 议论文的结构： 就我而言，在一定程度上我赞同前者的 在结构上通常以三段式的形式展开 观点。 议论。 From my part,I completely agree with the Para.1引言(Introduction):阐明现象， former/latter. 提出主题。 至于我，我完全同意前/后者的观点。 Para.2正文(Body):围绕主题，摆出事 结论性的句式： 实，具体论证。 To sum up,we find that..总之，我们 Para.3结论(Conclusion):总结概括，再 认为… 次阐明自己的观点。 In short/brief/conclusion/a word .. 开头常用句式： 言之… It is widely accepted that..普遍认为… From what has been discussed above,we According to a recent survey..根据最近 may safely draw the conclusion that... 的一项调查… 从以上所讨论的来看，我们可以有把握 Recently we have had a heated discussion 地得出结论… 89 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） Taking into account all the factors,we may 有些人认为有必要 有些人认为没有必要 safely come to the conclusion that... 1.容易养成依赖 考虑到各个因素，我们可以有把握地得 1.更有针对性地学习； 习惯； 出结论… 2.课外作业占用大量 2.可以学到更多的知识； Judging from all the evidence offered,we 时间； may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that... 3.学习成绩不升 3.可以选择更好的老师 根据所提供的所有证据来判断，我们可 反降。 以有把握地得出结论… 参考范文 常用过渡词： With the development of science and socie- 表顺序：first(y),second(ly),thid(ly), ty,more and more students are keen to take on last(ly);to begin with;above all;first of all private tutors.Views vary from person to person. 表补充关系：besides,in addition,moreo- Some people think taking on a private tutor ver,what's more,furthermore 表转折、让步关系：but,however,neverthe- is good for students in some ways.The tutor can answer the students'questions individually and less,yet,in spite of,despite,though,although, even though,even if carefully and give them detailed advice.Be- 表对比关系：on the one hand,.on the sides,some private tutors assign their students other hand;for one thing,...for another... more exercises to do and the students will learn 表原因关系：because,as,since,because extra knowledge from their tutors.What's more, of,now that,thanks to,due to,owing to,as a re- it is known to us all that a good and experienced sult of teacher can help his students to review their les- 表结果关系：therefore,thus,as a result,so sons in a very good way so that they can have a (that),consequently better understanding of the knowledge learned 表解释：That is(to say).,namely,in in class,which is helpful to them in their exami- other words nations. 表列举：for example,for instance,such as, But every coin has two sides.Some people a case in point look upon it with disapproval.To begin with, 表总结：generally speaking,in a word,in they hold the opinion that the students rely too brief,in short,in conclusion,on the whole,to much on their tutors and they even take little sum up,all in all notice of what their own teachers say in class. 典例赏析 Furthermore,the private tutor assigns them to do 目前，越来越多的中学生为了提高成绩会 a lot of extra exercises,thus occupying too much 请家教，对于这一现象，存在两种不同观点： of their spare time.Worse still,their studies be- 90 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LANDO come worse than before. 由三). So it is hard to say whether taking on a pri- While others think that (观 vate tutor is good or not.It all depends on the B)is a better choice in the following three individual.But in my opinion,if you want to reasons.To begin with, (支持B take on a private tutor,you should choose one 的理由一).Furthermore(Besides), carefully since he or she will have a great im- (理由二).In addition(Finally), pact on your studies. (理由三). 词句品鉴 From my point of view/As a matter of fact keen,take on,individually,experienced, In my view/Personally speaking,I agree to the 高级词汇 have a better understanding of,helpful, thought that (我的观点) 和短语 look upon,with disapproval,thus,have a Therefore,the former/the latter is surely a wise great impact on choice for me. 恰当 besides,what's more,to begin with,fur- 读后续写 关联词 thermore,worse still 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落 1....it is known to us all that... 开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 2....,which is helpful to them in their 续写的词数应为150左右。 examinations. 高级句式 I grew up in the south of Spain in a little 3.But every coin has two sides. community called Estepona.I was 16 when one 4....,thus occupying too much of their morning,my father told me I could drive him in- spare time to a remote village called Mijas,about 18 miles 名师点评 away,on the condition that I took the car in to 这篇议论文论据充分、合理、有逻辑性： be serviced at a nearby garage.Having just 语言精练，准确。高级词汇、精彩短语以及高 learned to drive and hardly ever having the op- 级句式的使用使文章语言的运用更加丰富多 portunity to use the car,I readily accepted.I 彩；恰当的连词让行文更加连贯、清晰。 drove Dad into Mijas and promised to pick him 写作模板 up at 4 p.m.then drove to a nearby garage and The topic of (主题)isbe dropped off the car.Because I had a few hours coming more and more popular recently.There to spare,I decided to catch a couple of movies are two sides of opinions about it.Some people at a theatre near the garage.However,I became believe that (观点A).They so interested in the films that I completely lost hold the view for the reason that track of time.When the last movie had fin- (支持A的理由一).What is more, ished,I looked down at my watch.It was six （理由二).Moreover, (理 o'clock.I was two hours late! 91 N 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） I knew Dad would be angry if he found out know there were no problems with the car."A I'd been watching movies.He'd never let me rush of guilt ran through me as I weakly con- drive again.I decided to tell him that the car fessed to my trip to the theatre and the real rea- needed some repairs and that they had taken son for my tardiness.Dad listened intently as a longer than had been expected.I drove up to sadness passed through him. the place where we had planned to meet and Paragraph 1: saw Dad waiting patiently on the corner.I apol- "I am angry,not with you but with myself. ogised for being late and told him that I'd come as quickly as I could,but the car had needed some major repairs.I'll never forget the look he gave me. "I'm disappointed that you feel you have to lie to me,Jackson..” Paragraph 2: "What do you mean?I'm telling the My protests and my apologies were useless. tuth.” Dad looked at me again."When you did not show up,I called the garage to ask if there were any problems,and they told me that you had not yet picked up the car.So you see,I 92)学UNIT 5 WORK Culture Background Analysis 1-5 TFFTT Period 1 Reading and Thinking Learning About Language I.重点知识讲解 1.【情境助记】 (1)devoted;to (2)are devoted to (3)devotion 2.【情境助记】 (1)an acute shortage of (2)no shortage of (3)short of (4)short for 3.【情境助记】 (1)boost our confidence (2)boost tourism (3)boost 4.【情境助记】 (1)tackle (2)tackled;about (3)was tackled 5.【情境助记】 (1)convince;of (2)convince;to (3)convincing (4)convinced 6.【情境助记】 (1)characteristics (2)is characteristic of (3)char- acteristically 7.【情境助记】 (1)attained (2)attainable (3)attainment 8.【情境助记】 (1)Assuming (2)about (3)on (4)assumed 9.【情境助记】 (1)overcame injury (2)were overcome 10.【情境助记】 (1)expansion (2)expand (3)expansive 11.【情境助记】 (1)estimated (2)It is estimated (3)gone down in my estimation 12.【情境助记】 (1)had consumed (2)was consumed with 13.【情境助记】 (1)consists of /comprises/is made up of/is composed of (2)make up/constitute/comprise (3)comprises (4)comprise 参考答案与解析。 ING THE LAND 14.【情境助记】 (1)envision (2)envision (3)of (4)a 15.【情境助记】 (1)deepened (2)deep (3)deep (4)depth 16.【情境助记】 (1)Far from it (2)far from (3)far from satisfacto- ry Ⅲ.小试牛刀 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.called 2.convincing 3.produced 4.assuming 5.destroying 6.deeply 7.published 8.to go 9.con- sumption 10.researching 二、按要求完成下列句子 1.am convinced 2.overcome his shyness 3.deep down inside 4.devote the rest of his life to 5.I breathe deeply 6.What moved me most 7.It happens 8.attain our goals 9.was overcome by 10.selected from our school 三、语篇填空 L.whether考查连词。whether..or是…还是。 2.necessarily考查副词。necessarily修饰动词 mean 3.as考查介词。as作为。 4.chemicals考查名词单复数。 5.degrading考查动名词。lead to后应接动名词作 宾语。 6.to evaluate考查不定式。不定式作目的状语。 7.which考查关系代词。which引导非限制性定语 从句。 8.others考查代词。 9.improvement考查名词。Due to后应接名词作宾 语。 10.better考查形容词比较级 Period 2 Using Language I.重点知识讲解 1.【情境助记】 (1)nutritious (2)nutritional 2.【情境助记】 (1)in turn (2)in turn (3)take turns (4)in re- turn for (5)in return 67 高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版） 3.【情境助记】 (1)digest (2)to digest 4.【情境助记】 (1)is essential for/to (2)It is essential to keep (3)It is essential that 5.【情境助记】 (1)prohibits (2)from (3)prohibitive 6.【情境助记】 (1)to fire (2)alternatively 7.【情境助记】 (1)instances (2)for instance Ⅲ.小试牛刀 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Judging 2.Organically 3.extension 4.to sell 5.entirely 6.compared 7.spoken 8.digestion 9.nutri- tious 10.essentials 二、按要求完成下列句子 1.It is essential 2.has no alternative but to 3.leis- ure activity 4.choose enjoyable and nutritious food 5.ho- ping to be spotted by the helicopter 6.It is obvious 7.In return for 8.found it hard to 9.intense gaze 10.with the light burning 三、语篇填空 1.rules考查名词单复数。 2.are invited考查动词的时态和语态。本文介绍的 是客观情况，且根据主句为一般现在时可知，从句也应用 一般现在时：you与invite之间为被动关系，即“你被邀 请”，应用被动语态。 3.t考查代词。设空处在句中作形式主语，真正的 主语是不定式短语to bring a small gift。故填it。 4.made考查非谓语动词。if引导的是一个状语从 句，且从句中已有谓语动词have,因此，make应用非谓语 动词形式；item和make之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词 作定语。故填made。 5.of考查介词。be of importance意为“重要的”，相 68 当于be importanto 6.unless考查连词。根据句意可知，设空处引导条 件状语从句，表示“除非”，故填unless。 7.closed考查词性转换。此处为with的复合结构， 根据句意，设空处表示“闭着的”这种状态，所以用过去分 词转化的形容词作宾语补足语。故填closed。 8.to reach考查不定式。不定式to reach表目的。 9.immediately考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词 leave,作状语，应用副词形式。故填immediately.。 10.a考查冠词。设空处表泛指，指“一张便条”，应 用不定冠词。故填a。 Period 4 Writing 读后续写 【参考范文】 Paragraph 1: "I am angry,not with you but with myself.You see,I re- alise that I have failed as a father if after all these years you feel that you have to lie to me.I have failed because I have brought up a son who cannot even tell the truth to his own fa- ther.I'm going to walk home now and think about where I have gone wrong all these years.""But Dad,it's 18 miles to home.It's dark.You can't walk home. Paragraph 2: My protests and my apologies were useless.I had let my father down,and I was about to learn one of the most painful lessons of my life.Dad began walking along the dusty roads.I quickly jumped in the car and followed behind,hoping he would weaken.I begged all the way,telling him how sorry I was,but he simply ignored me,continuing on silently,thought- fully and painfully.For 18 miles I drove behind him,avera- ging about five miles per hour.Seeing my father in so much physical and emotional pain was the most distressing and pain- ful experience that I have ever faced.However,it was also the most successful lesson.I have never lied to him since.