Unit 1 Water 单元话题阅读理解10篇 2026-2027学年八年级英语上册（新教材沪教版（五四学制））

**基本信息** 以“水资源”为主题，分基础与重难语篇分层训练，聚焦阅读理解能力提升，融合语言能力与环保意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础语篇巩固练|5篇（含校园节水项目、亚马逊雨林等）|阅读理解选择题（细节理解、推理判断等）|从具体水资源保护案例切入，构建基础认知| |重难语篇提升练|2篇（水足迹、纽约隧道修复）|阅读理解选择题（主旨归纳、词义猜测等）|进阶至抽象概念与复杂议题，深化环保思维|

Unit 1 Water 单元话题阅读理解练习 单元话题：水资源 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 聚焦基础，巩固自我 重难语篇提升练 专注提升，挑战自我 ◇考点 01 基础语篇巩固练 Choose the best answer according to the passage (阅读短文并选择最佳答案) Water is everywhere, but clean fresh water is rare. At Greenhill Middle School, a group of students began a “One Drop” project. First, they checked the taps in every classroom and asked the school to fix the dripping ones. Then they made short videos about the water needed to produce a hamburger, a cotton shirt and other daily products. The videos helped students understand that wasting things also means wasting water. The group did not stop there. They put up signs near the sinks and collected grey water from washing vegetables to water the school garden. After two months, the school used less water than before. More importantly, students began to think before they turned on a tap. The project leader, Jenny, said, “We cannot make more fresh water, but we can make better use of what we have.” 1．What was the main aim of the One Drop project? A．To save water at school. B．To sell reusable bottles. C．To build a new garden. D．To collect rainwater. 2．What did the students do after checking the taps? A．They bought new clothes. B．They visited a factory. C．They made videos about hidden water use. D．They wrote a novel about water. 3．What happened after two months? A．More students took longer showers. B．The school used less water. C．The garden became much larger. D．Every family bought a dishwasher. 4．What does Jenny mean in the last sentence? A．Only new products need water. B．Fresh water is easy to make. C．Students should use water without thinking. D．We should use available water wisely. 5．Where is the passage most likely from? A．A science magazine.B．A travel guide. C．A school newspaper. D．A dictionary. 6．Which word best describes the students in the project? A．Careful. B．Bored. C．Satisfied. D．Thirsty. Do you know what the “lungs of the earth” are? The Amazon rainforest spans (跨越) eight countries, and it covers an area of 7,000,000 square kilometres. It is half of the world’s rainforests and 20% of the world’s forest area. It produces about 20% of the world’s oxygen. That’s why the Amazon rainforest is called the “lungs of the earth”. The Amazon rainforest is also known as the “animal and plant kingdom (王国) of the world”. It has the richest kinds of living things in the world, with lots of plants, birds, and other creatures (生物). There are many kinds of trees and wild animals, like birds and monkeys. However, the rainforest is in great danger because people cut down trees for sale. Human activities not only harm the rainforest but also cause the plants and animals that live there to lose their home. We must work together to protect this important rainforest. 1．How many countries does the Amazon rainforest span? A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven. D．Eight. 2．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By asking a question. D．By comparing differences. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．The Amazon rainforest only has hundreds of insects. B．The Amazon rainforest is home to many animals and plants. C．The Amazon rainforest is not suitable for animals or plants to live in. D．The Amazon rainforest produces about 20% of the world’s oxygen. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To share a travel experience. B．To ask for help to save wild animals. C．To show some animals in the rainforest. D．To call on people to protect the Amazon rainforest. Do you know that the average person uses about 150 liters of water every day? That is a lot of water! Most of this water is used for showering, flushing the toilet, washing clothes and dishes, and drinking. But there are many places in the world where people do not have enough clean water. In some African countries, people walk for hours every day just to get a small bucket of water. This water is often dirty and causes diseases. Scientists are working on ways to save water. One idea is to collect rainwater. Rainwater can be used for watering plants and washing cars. Another idea is to clean and reuse wastewater from factories and homes. This is called water recycling. As students, we can also help save water. Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. Fix dripping taps quickly. Take shorter showers. Every drop counts! Let’s work together to protect our water resources for the future. 1．How much water does an average person use every day? A．About 50 liters. B．About 100 liters. C．About 150 liters. D．About 200 liters. 2．In some African countries, what do people do to get water? A．They collect rainwater. B．They walk for hours. C．They recycle wastewater. D．They buy bottled water. 3．What is water recycling? A．Drinking more water. B．Collecting rainwater. C．Cleaning and reusing wastewater. D．Taking shorter showers. 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to save water? A．Turn off the tap while brushing teeth. B．Fix dripping taps. C．Take shorter showers. D．Drink less water. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Water is important and we should save it. B．African people have no water. C．Scientists are not helpful. D．Taking showers is bad. The small town of Greenfield was known for its beautiful Silver River, which flowed through the center of the community. For years, families fished, boated, and picnicked along its banks. But last summer, 14-year-old Mia noticed something alarming: plastic bottles, old tires, and garbage were piling up in the water. Fish populations were declining, and the once-clear water had turned murky. Determined to take action, Mia shared her concerns at a school meeting. Her classmates agreed to help, and together they formed the “River Rescue Team”. They created posters, wrote letters to the local newspaper, and even made a video explaining the dangers of pollution. Soon, over 100 volunteers—including students, teachers, and neighbors—signed up for a weekend cleanup event. On the big day, teams used nets to collect floating trash while others planted trees along the riverbank to prevent soil erosion. By sunset, they had removed over 500 pounds of waste. The mayor was so impressed that he promised to install recycling bins and organize monthly cleanups. The project didn’t just save the river; it brought the town closer. Mia learned that change started with one person brave enough to speak up. Today, Silver River is thriving again, and schools across the state are copying Greenfield’s model. 1．What was the main problem in Greenfield? A．A lack of fishing spots. B．Pollution in Silver River. C．Dangerous boat accidents. D．Poor weather conditions. 2．How did Mia first try to solve the problem? A．She cleaned the river alone. B．She complained to the mayor. C．She expressed her worries at a school meeting. D．She wrote to the government. 3．What does the underlined word “murky” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Deep. B．Dirty. C．Cold. D．Fast-flowing. 4．What lesson did Mia learn from this experience? A．Recycling was expensive. B．Teamwork always failed. C．One person could inspire change. D．Rivers were hard to protect. 5．What happened AFTER the cleanup event? A．It started raining heavily. B．The mayor ignored their efforts. C．Other schools adopted their idea. D．Mia moved to another town. Earth Says I am the mother Earth, Filled with water, air and life, Humans, trees, birds, water, animals and wildlife. I turn and move all year round the orbit (轨道), To give you all the seasons and climates. You people use my land, air, water and soil, But keep on filling it with litter and allowing it to spoil. I provide you with air, food and a home to live in, With endless greed, you destroy the nature I give, And cause nature to lose its breath. The smoke you make fills the air. It shows me you don’t care. You make my heart fill with worry, By cutting down the green forests, And pushing up the greenhouse gases. What was once a clean sea and pure soil, Is now all empty, full of waste and oil. How long can I face such a test? I cry for help and need a rest. I give you all I have until my end, But it’s now all in your hands to defend. 1．Which of the following human actions is NOT mentioned in the poem? A．Throwing litter everywhere. B．Using too much electricity. C．Producing harmful gases. D．Cutting down trees. 2．What does Mother Earth say she provides for humans? A．Air, food, and a home. B．Money, jobs, and technology. C．Factories, cars, and roads. D．Litter, oil, and gases. 3．The word “spoil” in the second stanza (诗节) most likely means to ________. A．protect and save B．damage and pollute C．use and enjoy D．clean and wash 4．How does Mother Earth feel in the poem? A．Proud and powerful. B．Calm and accepting. C．Surprised and curious. D．Worried and disappointed. 5．What is the main purpose of this poem? A．To tell a funny story about animals. B．To explain the science of seasons and climates. C．To warn people and ask them to protect the Earth. D．To describe the beauty of forests and seas. Water pollution is speeding up around the world. We use over 75,000 water-polluting chemicals and make about 1,000 new ones each year. When it rains, water runs over the ground and carries soil, dirt and other harmful stuff to the rivers and lakes. So, anything harmful that we use may finally go into our drinking water. Pollution of drinking water is a problem for half of the world’s population. Among the 250 million people who get sick because of water pollution, 5 to 10 million of them die. In the USA 40% of its rivers and 46% of its lakes are too polluted for fishing or swimming. Each year 1.2 trillion (万亿) gallons of sewage and waste from factories are poured into American rivers and lakes. Asian rivers are the most polluted in the world. They have 20 times more lead (铅) than rivers in developed countries. In 2004, several of China’s major rivers were tested and half of them weren’t suitable for drinking. In Europe, rivers and lakes used for swimming and water sports were also tested between 2004 and 2005. 10% of them were too polluted to be used. Water pollution is not only harmful to people but also to animals. As it is getting more and more serious, nobody on the Earth should still relax and do nothing about it. 1．People use over ________ water-polluting chemicals and make about 1,000 new ones each year. A．750 B．7,500 C．75,000 D．750,000 2．The underlined word “stuff” in the first paragraph probably means “________” in Chinese. A．职员 B．气体 C．暴风雨 D．东西 3．Pollution of ________ made 250 million people get sick and 5 to 10 million of them die. A．drinking water B．land C．noise D．air 4．________ rivers are the most polluted in the world. A．American B．Asian C．African D．European 5．Which of the following sentences is TRUE? A．In the USA over half of its lakes are too polluted for fishing or swimming. B．Asian rivers have 20 times more lead than rivers in developed countries. C．15% of European rivers were too polluted to be used. D．Pollution of drinking water is a problem for all of the world’s population. 6．Which is the best topic sentence for the passage? A．Water is limited (有限的). B．Rivers and lakes in Asia are seriously polluted. C．Water pollution is getting more and more serious. D．There are ways to prevent people polluting water. A Brighter Future with Clean Water Martin, a 13-year-old boy from Uganda, used to spend an hour every day walking to a river to get water for his family. “My school uniform had lost its original color,” says Martin. The water was dirty and it was a long walk for him to get water. Martin lives with his grandmother, Dafuroza. She was very worried. “My grandchildren wasted time getting water instead of studying,” she said. “Family members often had stomachaches from the dirty water, and we spent money on medicine. We even stopped wearing white clothes because the river water made them look dirty.” The situation was so bad that they thought about moving away. Luckily, in 2015, their lives changed. Dafuroza got a private water tap next to her kitchen, connected to a community water system. Now, they have safe, clean water right in their yard. With the new water tap, Dafuroza can cook and wash clothes more easily and safely. Martin is very happy, too. “Now I have time to play and read my books,” he says. Now Martin’s dream of becoming a teacher seems possible, for he spends less time fetching water. With an easier way to get water, the family is healthier, their clothes are cleaner, and their future looks much brighter. 1．What was the main problem with the river water? A．It had a strong smell. B．It was dirty and made people sick. C．It was too cold to use. D．It tasted very bad. 2．Why did Martin have less time for schoolwork? A．He had to do chores at home. B．He spent a long time walking for water. C．He was often sick with stomachaches. D．He helped his grandmother in the garden. 3．What event changed Dafuroza’s life in 2015? A．She moved to a new house. B．She started a new job. C．She got a clean water tap in her yard. D．Her son became a teacher. 4．What is Martin’s dream job? A．A teacher. B．A farmer. C．A doctor. D．A water engineer. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Life in Uganda is very difficult. B．Clean water near home can greatly improve lives. C．Grandmothers care a lot about their families. D．Walking for water is good exercise. Researchers said they had found out that there was once an ancient fresh water lake on Mars that might have been able to support life. A team of researchers from the US Curiosity Rover Mission, analyzed (分析) some mudstone and fine-grained sediment (细粒沉积物) which can tell us that there was at least one lake around 3.6 billion years ago. The team said their analysis showed that the lake was calm and likely had fresh water, including key biological elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur (硫磺). Theoretically, such a lake would provide perfect conditions for simple living things. The findings were published in the US Journal Science and presented at the American Geophysical Union’s fall meeting in San Francisco. “It is important to note that we have not found signs of ancient life on Mars. What we have found is that there once existed a lake on its surface which might make it possible for some simple living things to live billions of years ago,” Professor Sanjeev Gupta said in a statement. Gupta described the new research as “a huge positive step” for the exploration of Mars. In previous studies, scientists found evidence of water on Mars’ surface in other rocks. However, the new research provides the strongest evidence yet that Mars could have been habitable enough for life to continue. 1．Researchers have found evidence that an ancient fresh water lake probably existed on ________. A．the Earth B．Venus C．Mars D．the Moon 2．The following biological elements EXCEPT ________ have been found on Mars according to the analysis. A．oxygen B．nitrogen C．hydrogen D．carbon dioxide 3．The underlined word “habitable” in the last paragraph probably means “________” in Chinese. A．可居住的 B．无法生存的 C．习惯的 D．不可能的 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The researchers thought it impossible for a fresh water lake to exist on Mars. B．Gupta thought of the new research as “a huge positive step” for the exploration of Mars. C．Researchers have taken great efforts to find signs of ancient life on Mars. D．The findings about the fresh water lake haven’t been published in the US Journal Science. 5．On which column of a book can you find this passage? A．Science. B．Travelling. C．Life. D．Education. 6．What is the passage mainly about? A．How did the fresh water lake disappear on Mars? B．Ancient life signs found on Mars. C．An ancient fresh water lake on Mars. D．The importance of water. ◇考点 02 重难语篇巩固练 A water footprint is the total amount of water used to make the things we use every day. This includes the water for growing food, producing clothes and generating (产生) electricity. Everything we use “drinks” some water before it reaches us. It’s important to understand our water footprint because water is a very precious resource—one we must use wisely. There are three main types of water footprints: green, blue, and grey. The green water footprint refers to the rainwater used to grow crops. For example, wheat and rice depend on rainwater to grow. The blue water footprint is the fresh water taken from rivers, lakes or underground sources for production. This includes the water used in factories or to irrigate (灌溉) crops. The grey water footprint is the water needed to clean up pollution. When factories release waste, it often takes a lot of water to clean up the mess. To see how much water we actually use, let’s look at some examples. Producing just one kilogram of beef takes about 15,000 liters of water. This water is used to grow food for the cows and to keep them healthy. By comparison, producing one kilogram of rice requires about 2,500 liters of water. This shows that different foods and products need different amounts of water. We can reduce our water footprint by saving water in our daily lives. Simple actions like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth, using less water when washing dishes and fixing leaks can all go a long way. Eating less meat can also help because producing meat uses a lot of water. Another smart move is to choose products that use less water to make. By understanding our water footprint and making thoughtful choices, we can help protect this important resource for the future. 1．By writing this article, the author mainly wanted to ________. A．show people how to reduce water pollution B．discuss the importance of saving water in daily life C．explain the idea of water footprint and how to reduce it D．compare the amount of water used in different products 2．The “grey water footprint” is the water used for ________. A．growing crops B．drinking and cooking C．cleaning up pollution D．washing clothes at home 3．How much water is needed to produce one kilogram of beef? A．2,500 liters. B．15,000 liters. C．5,000 liters. D．1,000 liters. 4．The examples of beef and rice are given to show that ________. A．people should stop eating beef B．beef is more delicious than rice C．farming cows is easier than growing rice D．different products need different amounts of water 5．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to reduce our water footprint? A．Fixing leaks. B．Eating less meat. C．Taking shorter showers. D．Turning off the tap while brushing teeth. About half of New York City’s yearly water supply travels through a system of underground tunnels. Once through these tunnels, the water becomes drinking water. However, one of these tunnels, the Delaware Aqueduct is leaking. The Delaware Aqueduct stretches 85 miles (136. 8 kilometres) long. It is the world’s largest tunnel. Hundreds of millions of gallons flow through the enormous, aging tunnel every day. But there are cracks in the tunnel’s walls. A large amount of water escapes through those cracks every day. This leaking is not only a waste of water but also creating problems above ground. The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYDEP) oversees the water supply. It has been aware of the leaks for decades. Until now, however, city officials have been hesitant to repair the tunnel. Repair work would mean closing parts of the tunnel. If the tunnel were closed, New York City would not have enough water. The city, therefore, did not want to take the tunnel out of service. A new tunnel is presently being built, which will provide more water. However, that project is not expected to be completed until a decade later. Until that time, the city has begun dive work. This work is the first part of an early stage of testing. The testing will determine the best way to repair the tunnel. In mid-February, the city began sending divers 700 feet down to the tunnel to gather data. The data will be used to develop a repair plan. The project costs about $240 million. It will take five years to complete. This first part of the project requires a team of six divers to live in a special chamber for three weeks. The divers spend one week getting used to the change in pressure at the 700-foot-below (213.4-metre-below) depth. They spend one week doing the necessary work and another week getting used to the pressure at ground level again. At that depth, the divers cannot breathe regular air. The air pressure has changed. Regular air is four-fifths nitrogen and one-fifth oxygen. However, divers are descending 700 feet below ground level. At that depth, nitrogen is too heavy for the lungs to breathe. So the divers are supplied with a mixture of oxygen and helium, a lighter gas. The divers work in crews of three divers at a time. They work 12-hour shifts. Wearing wet suits and breathing tanks that contain the oxygen-helium blend, divers descend down a shaft that leads into the tunnel. Besides gathering data, they are measuring the space for machines that will later perform the much-needed repairs. New York City officials said that after the divers finish this part of the project, the next part will be to send the machines down the shaft. 1．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．New York City has begun a project to repair a leaking tunnel. B．The Delaware Aqueduct brings water to New York City. C．A new water tunnel will be completed soon. D．Divers must breathe an oxygen-helium mixture. 2．“Repair work would mean closing parts of the tunnel. If the tunnel were closed, New York City would not have enough water.” (Para.3) The author’s purpose for writing these sentences was to ________. A．inform readers that the city does not want to repair the cracks B．inform readers that the tunnel supplies drinking water to New York City C．explain why the new tunnel project will not be completed soon D．explain why city officials have been hesitant to repair the tunnel 3．Which information is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．The reason why the tunnel is losing water B．Why the tunnel was named the Delaware Aqueduct C．The length of the Delaware Aqueduct D．When the new tunnel will be completed 4．Which is the closest antonym for the underlined word “descending” in Para.5? A．Reflecting. B．Rehearsing. C．Rinsing. D．Rising. 5．Suppose you were writing a summary of the passage. Which of these would be most important to put in the summary? A．New York City is working to repair leaks in the Delaware Aqueduct. B．Divers cannot breathe regular air at 700 feet below ground level. C．Another tunnel under construction will not be completed until 2020. D．City officials have been hesitant to repair the cracks in the tunnel. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Water 单元话题阅读理解练习 单元话题：水资源 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 聚焦基础，巩固自我 重难语篇提升练 专注提升，挑战自我 ◇考点 01 基础语篇巩固练 Choose the best answer according to the passage (阅读短文并选择最佳答案) Water is everywhere, but clean fresh water is rare. At Greenhill Middle School, a group of students began a “One Drop” project. First, they checked the taps in every classroom and asked the school to fix the dripping ones. Then they made short videos about the water needed to produce a hamburger, a cotton shirt and other daily products. The videos helped students understand that wasting things also means wasting water. The group did not stop there. They put up signs near the sinks and collected grey water from washing vegetables to water the school garden. After two months, the school used less water than before. More importantly, students began to think before they turned on a tap. The project leader, Jenny, said, “We cannot make more fresh water, but we can make better use of what we have.” 1．What was the main aim of the One Drop project? A．To save water at school. B．To sell reusable bottles. C．To build a new garden. D．To collect rainwater. 2．What did the students do after checking the taps? A．They bought new clothes. B．They visited a factory. C．They made videos about hidden water use. D．They wrote a novel about water. 3．What happened after two months? A．More students took longer showers. B．The school used less water. C．The garden became much larger. D．Every family bought a dishwasher. 4．What does Jenny mean in the last sentence? A．Only new products need water. B．Fresh water is easy to make. C．Students should use water without thinking. D．We should use available water wisely. 5．Where is the passage most likely from? A．A science magazine.B．A travel guide. C．A school newspaper. D．A dictionary. 6．Which word best describes the students in the project? A．Careful. B．Bored. C．Satisfied. D．Thirsty. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 【导语】本文讲述格林希尔中学的学生发起 “一滴水” 节水项目，通过多种行动在校节约用水，提高同学们的节水意识。 1．通读全文可知，“One Drop”项目通过修理水龙头、制作宣传视频、收集灰水等措施，最终使学校用水量减少，其核心目的是在学校节约用水。 2．根据第一段中“First, they checked the taps... Then they made short videos about the water needed to produce...”可知，学生在检查水龙头之后，制作了关于产品隐含用水量的视频。 3．根据第二段中“After two months, the school used less water than before.”可知，两个月后学校的用水量比以前减少了。 4．Jenny说“We cannot make more fresh water, but we can make better use of what we have.”，“make better use of”意为更好地利用，即我们应该明智地利用现有水资源。 5．文章主要报道了Greenhill中学学生开展节水项目的具体活动和成果，内容贴近校园生活，最可能出自校报。 6．学生们主动检查水龙头、制作视频、贴标语并收集灰水，表现出对用水问题的细心关注和责任感，Careful（细心的/认真的）最能形容他们的行为。 Do you know what the “lungs of the earth” are? The Amazon rainforest spans (跨越) eight countries, and it covers an area of 7,000,000 square kilometres. It is half of the world’s rainforests and 20% of the world’s forest area. It produces about 20% of the world’s oxygen. That’s why the Amazon rainforest is called the “lungs of the earth”. The Amazon rainforest is also known as the “animal and plant kingdom (王国) of the world”. It has the richest kinds of living things in the world, with lots of plants, birds, and other creatures (生物). There are many kinds of trees and wild animals, like birds and monkeys. However, the rainforest is in great danger because people cut down trees for sale. Human activities not only harm the rainforest but also cause the plants and animals that live there to lose their home. We must work together to protect this important rainforest. 1．How many countries does the Amazon rainforest span? A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven. D．Eight. 2．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By asking a question. D．By comparing differences. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．The Amazon rainforest only has hundreds of insects. B．The Amazon rainforest is home to many animals and plants. C．The Amazon rainforest is not suitable for animals or plants to live in. D．The Amazon rainforest produces about 20% of the world’s oxygen. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To share a travel experience. B．To ask for help to save wild animals. C．To show some animals in the rainforest. D．To call on people to protect the Amazon rainforest. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一则网页信息，主要呈现了亚马逊雨林对地球的重要性及面临的现状，呼吁大家共同保护亚马逊雨林。 1．根据第二段中“The Amazon rainforest spans (跨越) eight countries”可知，亚马逊雨林跨越了8个国家。 2．根据第二段中“eight countries”、“7,000,000 square kilometres”、“20% of the world’s forest area”及“20% of the world’s oxygen”可知，作者是通过列数字来阐述观点的。 3．根据第三段中“The Amazon rainforest is also known as the ‘animal and plant kingdom (王国) of the world’.”可知，亚马逊雨林也被称为“世界动植物王国”，即它是很多动植物的家园。 4．根据最后一段“We must work together to protect this important rainforest.”及全文内容可知，文章主要呈现了亚马逊雨林对地球的重要性，呼吁人们来保护这片重要的雨林。 Do you know that the average person uses about 150 liters of water every day? That is a lot of water! Most of this water is used for showering, flushing the toilet, washing clothes and dishes, and drinking. But there are many places in the world where people do not have enough clean water. In some African countries, people walk for hours every day just to get a small bucket of water. This water is often dirty and causes diseases. Scientists are working on ways to save water. One idea is to collect rainwater. Rainwater can be used for watering plants and washing cars. Another idea is to clean and reuse wastewater from factories and homes. This is called water recycling. As students, we can also help save water. Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. Fix dripping taps quickly. Take shorter showers. Every drop counts! Let’s work together to protect our water resources for the future. 1．How much water does an average person use every day? A．About 50 liters. B．About 100 liters. C．About 150 liters. D．About 200 liters. 2．In some African countries, what do people do to get water? A．They collect rainwater. B．They walk for hours. C．They recycle wastewater. D．They buy bottled water. 3．What is water recycling? A．Drinking more water. B．Collecting rainwater. C．Cleaning and reusing wastewater. D．Taking shorter showers. 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to save water? A．Turn off the tap while brushing teeth. B．Fix dripping taps. C．Take shorter showers. D．Drink less water. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Water is important and we should save it. B．African people have no water. C．Scientists are not helpful. D．Taking showers is bad. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕水资源展开，介绍普通人每日用水量、部分地区缺水现状、科学家研发的节水办法以及学生日常节水措施，呼吁大家保护水资源。 1．第一段写明“Do you know that the average person uses about 150 liters of water every day?”，普通人每天大约使用150升水。 2．第二段提到“In some African countries, people walk for hours every day just to get a small bucket of water.”，说明在一些非洲国家，人们要步行数小时去取水。 3．第三段末尾说明“Another idea is to clean and reuse wastewater from factories and homes. This is called water recycling.”，由此可知水循环就是净化并再利用废水。 4．第四段列举学生节水方法：“Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. Fix dripping taps quickly. Take shorter showers.”，文中没有提到“少喝水”。 5．全文先介绍日常耗水量、全球缺水困境，再介绍各类节水手段，最后一段号召共同保护水资源，核心主旨是水资源很重要，我们应当节约用水。 The small town of Greenfield was known for its beautiful Silver River, which flowed through the center of the community. For years, families fished, boated, and picnicked along its banks. But last summer, 14-year-old Mia noticed something alarming: plastic bottles, old tires, and garbage were piling up in the water. Fish populations were declining, and the once-clear water had turned murky. Determined to take action, Mia shared her concerns at a school meeting. Her classmates agreed to help, and together they formed the “River Rescue Team”. They created posters, wrote letters to the local newspaper, and even made a video explaining the dangers of pollution. Soon, over 100 volunteers—including students, teachers, and neighbors—signed up for a weekend cleanup event. On the big day, teams used nets to collect floating trash while others planted trees along the riverbank to prevent soil erosion. By sunset, they had removed over 500 pounds of waste. The mayor was so impressed that he promised to install recycling bins and organize monthly cleanups. The project didn’t just save the river; it brought the town closer. Mia learned that change started with one person brave enough to speak up. Today, Silver River is thriving again, and schools across the state are copying Greenfield’s model. 1．What was the main problem in Greenfield? A．A lack of fishing spots. B．Pollution in Silver River. C．Dangerous boat accidents. D．Poor weather conditions. 2．How did Mia first try to solve the problem? A．She cleaned the river alone. B．She complained to the mayor. C．She expressed her worries at a school meeting. D．She wrote to the government. 3．What does the underlined word “murky” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Deep. B．Dirty. C．Cold. D．Fast-flowing. 4．What lesson did Mia learn from this experience? A．Recycling was expensive. B．Teamwork always failed. C．One person could inspire change. D．Rivers were hard to protect. 5．What happened AFTER the cleanup event? A．It started raining heavily. B．The mayor ignored their efforts. C．Other schools adopted their idea. D．Mia moved to another town. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了少女米娅发现家乡的银色河受到污染后，发起倡议并组建“河流救援队”，最终通过社区共同努力成功清理河流、改善环境，并带动其他学校效仿的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But last summer, 14-year-old Mia noticed something alarming: plastic bottles, old tires, and garbage were piling up in the water.”可知，格林菲尔德的主要问题是银色河的污染。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Determined to take action, Mia shared her concerns at a school meeting.”可知，米娅首先尝试解决问题的方式是在学校会议上表达她的担忧。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第一段“plastic bottles, old tires, and garbage were piling up in the water. Fish populations were declining”，以及“the once-clear water had turned murky”可知，曾经清澈的水变得“浑浊、肮脏”了。“murky”在这里表示“浑浊的，肮脏的”意思。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mia learned that change started with one person brave enough to speak up.”可知，米娅学到的经验是：改变始于一个敢于发声的人。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“schools across the state are copying Greenfield’s model.”可知，清理活动之后，其他学校采纳了他们的模式。故选C。 Earth Says I am the mother Earth, Filled with water, air and life, Humans, trees, birds, water, animals and wildlife. I turn and move all year round the orbit (轨道), To give you all the seasons and climates. You people use my land, air, water and soil, But keep on filling it with litter and allowing it to spoil. I provide you with air, food and a home to live in, With endless greed, you destroy the nature I give, And cause nature to lose its breath. The smoke you make fills the air. It shows me you don’t care. You make my heart fill with worry, By cutting down the green forests, And pushing up the greenhouse gases. What was once a clean sea and pure soil, Is now all empty, full of waste and oil. How long can I face such a test? I cry for help and need a rest. I give you all I have until my end, But it’s now all in your hands to defend. 1．Which of the following human actions is NOT mentioned in the poem? A．Throwing litter everywhere. B．Using too much electricity. C．Producing harmful gases. D．Cutting down trees. 2．What does Mother Earth say she provides for humans? A．Air, food, and a home. B．Money, jobs, and technology. C．Factories, cars, and roads. D．Litter, oil, and gases. 3．The word “spoil” in the second stanza (诗节) most likely means to ________. A．protect and save B．damage and pollute C．use and enjoy D．clean and wash 4．How does Mother Earth feel in the poem? A．Proud and powerful. B．Calm and accepting. C．Surprised and curious. D．Worried and disappointed. 5．What is the main purpose of this poem? A．To tell a funny story about animals. B．To explain the science of seasons and climates. C．To warn people and ask them to protect the Earth. D．To describe the beauty of forests and seas. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲了以地球母亲的口吻，描述人类对自然环境造成的破坏，表达地球的担忧与失望，并呼吁人类采取行动保护地球。 1．细节理解题。诗中提到“filling it with litter”、“the smoke you make”、“cutting down the green forests”，但未提及“过度用电”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“I provide you with air, food and a home to live in”可知，地球为人类提供空气、食物和家园。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“keep on filling it with litter and allowing it to spoil”可知，人类不断用垃圾污染地球，任其被破坏、污染，因此“spoil”意为“破坏、污染”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。诗中提到“You make my heart fill with worry”“I cry for help and need a rest”等，可见地球母亲感到担忧、失望，并呼吁人类行动。故选D。 5．推理判断题。全诗通过地球的控诉与哀求，旨在警示人类停止破坏，并呼吁保护地球。故选C。 Water pollution is speeding up around the world. We use over 75,000 water-polluting chemicals and make about 1,000 new ones each year. When it rains, water runs over the ground and carries soil, dirt and other harmful stuff to the rivers and lakes. So, anything harmful that we use may finally go into our drinking water. Pollution of drinking water is a problem for half of the world’s population. Among the 250 million people who get sick because of water pollution, 5 to 10 million of them die. In the USA 40% of its rivers and 46% of its lakes are too polluted for fishing or swimming. Each year 1.2 trillion (万亿) gallons of sewage and waste from factories are poured into American rivers and lakes. Asian rivers are the most polluted in the world. They have 20 times more lead (铅) than rivers in developed countries. In 2004, several of China’s major rivers were tested and half of them weren’t suitable for drinking. In Europe, rivers and lakes used for swimming and water sports were also tested between 2004 and 2005. 10% of them were too polluted to be used. Water pollution is not only harmful to people but also to animals. As it is getting more and more serious, nobody on the Earth should still relax and do nothing about it. 1．People use over ________ water-polluting chemicals and make about 1,000 new ones each year. A．750 B．7,500 C．75,000 D．750,000 2．The underlined word “stuff” in the first paragraph probably means “________” in Chinese. A．职员 B．气体 C．暴风雨 D．东西 3．Pollution of ________ made 250 million people get sick and 5 to 10 million of them die. A．drinking water B．land C．noise D．air 4．________ rivers are the most polluted in the world. A．American B．Asian C．African D．European 5．Which of the following sentences is TRUE? A．In the USA over half of its lakes are too polluted for fishing or swimming. B．Asian rivers have 20 times more lead than rivers in developed countries. C．15% of European rivers were too polluted to be used. D．Pollution of drinking water is a problem for all of the world’s population. 6．Which is the best topic sentence for the passage? A．Water is limited (有限的). B．Rivers and lakes in Asia are seriously polluted. C．Water pollution is getting more and more serious. D．There are ways to prevent people polluting water. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了全球水污染的严重性，包括污染物的数量、对人类和动物的影响，以及不同地区水污染的具体情况。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“We use over 75,000 water-polluting chemicals and make about 1,000 new ones each year.”可知，人们使用超过75,000种水污染化学品，并且每年制造大约1,000种新的化学品。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“water-polluting chemicals”可知指的是有害物质，stuff意为“东西”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Pollution of drinking water is a problem for half of the world’s population. Among the 250 million people who get sick because of water pollution, 5 to 10 million of them die.”可知，饮用水污染导致2.5亿人生病，其中500万至1000万人死亡。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Asian rivers are the most polluted in the world.”可知，亚洲的河流是世界上最污染的。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They have 20 times more lead (铅) than rivers in developed countries.”可知，亚洲河流的铅含量是发达国家河流的20倍。故选B。 6．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Water pollution is speeding up around the world.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了全球水污染的严重性，包括污染物的数量、对人类和动物的影响，以及不同地区水污染的具体情况。因此，C选项“水污染越来越严重”是本文的最佳主题句。故选C。 A Brighter Future with Clean Water Martin, a 13-year-old boy from Uganda, used to spend an hour every day walking to a river to get water for his family. “My school uniform had lost its original color,” says Martin. The water was dirty and it was a long walk for him to get water. Martin lives with his grandmother, Dafuroza. She was very worried. “My grandchildren wasted time getting water instead of studying,” she said. “Family members often had stomachaches from the dirty water, and we spent money on medicine. We even stopped wearing white clothes because the river water made them look dirty.” The situation was so bad that they thought about moving away. Luckily, in 2015, their lives changed. Dafuroza got a private water tap next to her kitchen, connected to a community water system. Now, they have safe, clean water right in their yard. With the new water tap, Dafuroza can cook and wash clothes more easily and safely. Martin is very happy, too. “Now I have time to play and read my books,” he says. Now Martin’s dream of becoming a teacher seems possible, for he spends less time fetching water. With an easier way to get water, the family is healthier, their clothes are cleaner, and their future looks much brighter. 1．What was the main problem with the river water? A．It had a strong smell. B．It was dirty and made people sick. C．It was too cold to use. D．It tasted very bad. 2．Why did Martin have less time for schoolwork? A．He had to do chores at home. B．He spent a long time walking for water. C．He was often sick with stomachaches. D．He helped his grandmother in the garden. 3．What event changed Dafuroza’s life in 2015? A．She moved to a new house. B．She started a new job. C．She got a clean water tap in her yard. D．Her son became a teacher. 4．What is Martin’s dream job? A．A teacher. B．A farmer. C．A doctor. D．A water engineer. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Life in Uganda is very difficult. B．Clean water near home can greatly improve lives. C．Grandmothers care a lot about their families. D．Walking for water is good exercise. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了来自乌干达的13岁男孩马丁过去每天要花一小时去河边取水，河水脏且取水路途遥远，给家人带来诸多不便和健康问题。2015年，马丁家厨房旁安装了连接到社区供水系统的私人水龙头，从此他们有了安全干净的水，生活得到极大改善，马丁也有更多时间学习，他成为教师的梦想似乎也更有可能实现了。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Family members often had stomachaches from the dirty water”可知，河水的主要问题是脏，而且会让人们生病。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Martin, a 13-year-old boy from Uganda, used to spend an hour every day walking to a river to get water for his family.”以及第二段“My grandchildren wasted time getting water instead of studying”可知，马丁因为要花很长时间去取水，所以用于学习的时间减少了。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Luckily, in 2015, their lives changed. Dafuroza got a private water tap next to her kitchen, connected to a community water system.”可知，2015年，达夫罗扎家厨房旁安装了连接到社区供水系统的私人水龙头，这改变了她的生活。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Now Martin’s dream of becoming a teacher seems possible”可知，马丁梦想的职业是教师。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了马丁一家过去因为取水困难而面临诸多问题，2015年安装了私人水龙头后生活得到极大改善，由此可知，文章主要表达的是家附近有干净的水能极大地改善生活。故选B。 Researchers said they had found out that there was once an ancient fresh water lake on Mars that might have been able to support life. A team of researchers from the US Curiosity Rover Mission, analyzed (分析) some mudstone and fine-grained sediment (细粒沉积物) which can tell us that there was at least one lake around 3.6 billion years ago. The team said their analysis showed that the lake was calm and likely had fresh water, including key biological elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur (硫磺). Theoretically, such a lake would provide perfect conditions for simple living things. The findings were published in the US Journal Science and presented at the American Geophysical Union’s fall meeting in San Francisco. “It is important to note that we have not found signs of ancient life on Mars. What we have found is that there once existed a lake on its surface which might make it possible for some simple living things to live billions of years ago,” Professor Sanjeev Gupta said in a statement. Gupta described the new research as “a huge positive step” for the exploration of Mars. In previous studies, scientists found evidence of water on Mars’ surface in other rocks. However, the new research provides the strongest evidence yet that Mars could have been habitable enough for life to continue. 1．Researchers have found evidence that an ancient fresh water lake probably existed on ________. A．the Earth B．Venus C．Mars D．the Moon 2．The following biological elements EXCEPT ________ have been found on Mars according to the analysis. A．oxygen B．nitrogen C．hydrogen D．carbon dioxide 3．The underlined word “habitable” in the last paragraph probably means “________” in Chinese. A．可居住的 B．无法生存的 C．习惯的 D．不可能的 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The researchers thought it impossible for a fresh water lake to exist on Mars. B．Gupta thought of the new research as “a huge positive step” for the exploration of Mars. C．Researchers have taken great efforts to find signs of ancient life on Mars. D．The findings about the fresh water lake haven’t been published in the US Journal Science. 5．On which column of a book can you find this passage? A．Science. B．Travelling. C．Life. D．Education. 6．What is the passage mainly about? A．How did the fresh water lake disappear on Mars? B．Ancient life signs found on Mars. C．An ancient fresh water lake on Mars. D．The importance of water. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了火星上古老的淡水湖。 1．细节理解题。根据“Researchers said they had found out that there was once an ancient fresh water lake on Mars that might have been able to support life.”可知，研究人员发现了火星上可能存在一个古老淡水湖的证据。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“including key biological elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur (硫磺).”包括关键的生物元素，如碳、氢、氧、氮和硫。可知，在火星上发现了除二氧化碳以外的以下生物元素。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“However, the new research provides the strongest evidence yet that Mars could have been habitable enough for life to continue.”可知，研究提供的有力证据证明了火星可以居住，并足以让生命延续下去，所以划线单词habitable可能是“可居住的”的意思。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Gupta described the new research as ‘a huge positive step’ for the exploration of Mars.”可知，古普塔认为这项新研究是探索火星的“一个巨大的积极步骤”。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“Researchers said they had found out that there was once an ancient fresh water lake on Mars that might have been able to support life.”及下文的介绍可知，本文介绍了一项新的研究，因此可能出现在科学杂志上。故选A。 6．主旨大意题。根据“Researchers said they had found out that there was once an ancient fresh water lake on Mars that might have been able to support life.”可知，本文介绍了火星上有一个古老的淡水湖。故选C。 ◇考点 02 重难语篇巩固练 A water footprint is the total amount of water used to make the things we use every day. This includes the water for growing food, producing clothes and generating (产生) electricity. Everything we use “drinks” some water before it reaches us. It’s important to understand our water footprint because water is a very precious resource—one we must use wisely. There are three main types of water footprints: green, blue, and grey. The green water footprint refers to the rainwater used to grow crops. For example, wheat and rice depend on rainwater to grow. The blue water footprint is the fresh water taken from rivers, lakes or underground sources for production. This includes the water used in factories or to irrigate (灌溉) crops. The grey water footprint is the water needed to clean up pollution. When factories release waste, it often takes a lot of water to clean up the mess. To see how much water we actually use, let’s look at some examples. Producing just one kilogram of beef takes about 15,000 liters of water. This water is used to grow food for the cows and to keep them healthy. By comparison, producing one kilogram of rice requires about 2,500 liters of water. This shows that different foods and products need different amounts of water. We can reduce our water footprint by saving water in our daily lives. Simple actions like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth, using less water when washing dishes and fixing leaks can all go a long way. Eating less meat can also help because producing meat uses a lot of water. Another smart move is to choose products that use less water to make. By understanding our water footprint and making thoughtful choices, we can help protect this important resource for the future. 1．By writing this article, the author mainly wanted to ________. A．show people how to reduce water pollution B．discuss the importance of saving water in daily life C．explain the idea of water footprint and how to reduce it D．compare the amount of water used in different products 2．The “grey water footprint” is the water used for ________. A．growing crops B．drinking and cooking C．cleaning up pollution D．washing clothes at home 3．How much water is needed to produce one kilogram of beef? A．2,500 liters. B．15,000 liters. C．5,000 liters. D．1,000 liters. 4．The examples of beef and rice are given to show that ________. A．people should stop eating beef B．beef is more delicious than rice C．farming cows is easier than growing rice D．different products need different amounts of water 5．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to reduce our water footprint? A．Fixing leaks. B．Eating less meat. C．Taking shorter showers. D．Turning off the tap while brushing teeth. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了水足迹的概念，包括其三种类型：绿色水足迹、蓝色水足迹和灰色水足迹，并给出了减少水足迹的方法，呼吁人们理解水足迹并做出明智的选择，以保护这一重要资源。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容，特别是最后一段“By understanding our water footprint and making thoughtful choices, we can help protect this important resource for the future.”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是解释水足迹的概念以及如何减少它。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The grey water footprint is the water needed to clean up pollution.”可知，灰色水足迹是指用于清理污染的水。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Producing just one kilogram of beef takes about 15,000 liters of water.”可知，生产一公斤牛肉需要大约15,000升水。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“This shows that different foods and products need different amounts of water.”可知，作者通过牛肉和大米的例子来说明不同的食物和产品需要不同量的水。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“Simple actions like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth, using less water when washing dishes and fixing leaks can all go a long way. Eating less meat can also help because producing meat uses a lot of water.”可知，文章提到了刷牙时关掉水龙头、洗碗时少用水、修理漏水以及少吃肉等方法来减少水足迹，但没有提到洗淋浴时间短一些。故选C。 About half of New York City’s yearly water supply travels through a system of underground tunnels. Once through these tunnels, the water becomes drinking water. However, one of these tunnels, the Delaware Aqueduct is leaking. The Delaware Aqueduct stretches 85 miles (136. 8 kilometres) long. It is the world’s largest tunnel. Hundreds of millions of gallons flow through the enormous, aging tunnel every day. But there are cracks in the tunnel’s walls. A large amount of water escapes through those cracks every day. This leaking is not only a waste of water but also creating problems above ground. The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYDEP) oversees the water supply. It has been aware of the leaks for decades. Until now, however, city officials have been hesitant to repair the tunnel. Repair work would mean closing parts of the tunnel. If the tunnel were closed, New York City would not have enough water. The city, therefore, did not want to take the tunnel out of service. A new tunnel is presently being built, which will provide more water. However, that project is not expected to be completed until a decade later. Until that time, the city has begun dive work. This work is the first part of an early stage of testing. The testing will determine the best way to repair the tunnel. In mid-February, the city began sending divers 700 feet down to the tunnel to gather data. The data will be used to develop a repair plan. The project costs about $240 million. It will take five years to complete. This first part of the project requires a team of six divers to live in a special chamber for three weeks. The divers spend one week getting used to the change in pressure at the 700-foot-below (213.4-metre-below) depth. They spend one week doing the necessary work and another week getting used to the pressure at ground level again. At that depth, the divers cannot breathe regular air. The air pressure has changed. Regular air is four-fifths nitrogen and one-fifth oxygen. However, divers are descending 700 feet below ground level. At that depth, nitrogen is too heavy for the lungs to breathe. So the divers are supplied with a mixture of oxygen and helium, a lighter gas. The divers work in crews of three divers at a time. They work 12-hour shifts. Wearing wet suits and breathing tanks that contain the oxygen-helium blend, divers descend down a shaft that leads into the tunnel. Besides gathering data, they are measuring the space for machines that will later perform the much-needed repairs. New York City officials said that after the divers finish this part of the project, the next part will be to send the machines down the shaft. 1．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．New York City has begun a project to repair a leaking tunnel. B．The Delaware Aqueduct brings water to New York City. C．A new water tunnel will be completed soon. D．Divers must breathe an oxygen-helium mixture. 2．“Repair work would mean closing parts of the tunnel. If the tunnel were closed, New York City would not have enough water.” (Para.3) The author’s purpose for writing these sentences was to ________. A．inform readers that the city does not want to repair the cracks B．inform readers that the tunnel supplies drinking water to New York City C．explain why the new tunnel project will not be completed soon D．explain why city officials have been hesitant to repair the tunnel 3．Which information is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．The reason why the tunnel is losing water B．Why the tunnel was named the Delaware Aqueduct C．The length of the Delaware Aqueduct D．When the new tunnel will be completed 4．Which is the closest antonym for the underlined word “descending” in Para.5? A．Reflecting. B．Rehearsing. C．Rinsing. D．Rising. 5．Suppose you were writing a summary of the passage. Which of these would be most important to put in the summary? A．New York City is working to repair leaks in the Delaware Aqueduct. B．Divers cannot breathe regular air at 700 feet below ground level. C．Another tunnel under construction will not be completed until 2020. D．City officials have been hesitant to repair the cracks in the tunnel. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了纽约市因Delaware Aqueduct隧道长期渗漏而启动修复工程，由于修复需关闭隧道可能导致缺水，官员过去数十年迟迟未行动。纽约市启动了一项修复工程，派遣潜水员下潜至700英尺深的隧道收集数据，以规划修复方案，为后续机械修复工作做准备。 1．主旨大意题。文章主要围绕纽约市修复Delaware Aqueduct渗漏的工程展开，包括工程背景、困难、潜水员的工作细节等，其他选项均为细节信息而非主旨。选项A“纽约市开始了一项修复漏水隧道的工程”符合语境。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Until now, however, city officials have been hesitant to repair the tunnel. Repair work would mean closing parts of the tunnel. If the tunnel were closed, New York City would not have enough water. The city, therefore, did not want to take the tunnel out of service.”可知，这两句话直接解释了官员迟迟不修复隧道的原因：关闭隧道会导致城市供水不足。选项D“解释一下为什么市政官员对修复隧道犹豫不决”符合语境。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“The Delaware Aqueduct stretches 85 miles (136. 8 kilometres) long.”和“But there are cracks in the tunnel’s walls. A large amount of water escapes through those cracks every day.”和“A new tunnel is presently being built, which will provide more water. However, that project is not expected to be completed until a decade later.”可知，文章提到了隧道长度（85英里）、渗漏原因（裂缝）、新隧道完工时间（约十年后），但未说明隧道命名的原因。选项B“为什么这条隧道被命名为德拉瓦输隧道”符合语境。故选B。 4．词义猜测题。根据“However, divers are descending 700 feet below ground level.”可知，此处表示潜水员下降到地下700英尺，Descending意为“下降”，反义词为“上升”（Rising）。选项D“上升”符合语境。故选D。 5．推理判断题。摘要应涵盖核心事件，即纽约市启动修复Delaware Aqueduct渗漏的工程，其他选项均为辅助细节。选项A“纽约市正在努力修复Delaware Aqueduct的泄漏”符合语境。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $