热点话题9 气候变化-【名师带你过关】2026-2027学年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦环保主题，整合阅读、完形、语法及写作题型，以真实语境承载语言能力与思维品质培养 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|4题（Indus文明与干旱）|细节理解、推理判断|环境压力与文明兴衰的因果链| |完形填空|15题（Greta环保行动）|语境词汇辨析|个人行动→全球影响的递进关系| |语法填空|10题（加拿大雹暴防治）|语法规则应用|项目实施与争议的逻辑冲突| |读后续写|1题（肯尼亚太阳能灌溉）|情节发展与情感表达|挑战-合作-解决的叙事逻辑|

一阅读理解 A new study in Communications Earth & Environment reports a series of major droughts, each extending beyond 85 years, likely played a central role in the eventual fall of the Indus Valley Civilization. This offers fresh insight into why this influential ancient society, a contemporary (同时代) of ancient Egypt, located near the present⁃day India⁃Pakistan border, experienced a slow reduction in its urban and cultural complexity. The research also underlines how long⁃lasting environmental pressures can shape the development and stability of early civilizations. The Indus Valley Civilization was among the earliest known urban cultures, developing between 5,000 and 3,500 years ago along the Indus River and its branches in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. At its height from 4,500 to 3,900 years ago, the society was known for its planned cities, extensive facilities, and innovative water management systems. But the reasons behind its long, gradual downturn have remained difficult for researchers to fully explain. To investigate past conditions, Vimal Mishra and colleagues constructed climate patterns across the region spanning 5,000 to 3,000 years ago. Their analysis combined climate modeling with several indirect indicators of ancient environmental change. These included the chemical signatures preserved in two Indian caves and water level histories recorded in five lakes across northwest India. Together, the data pointed to a temperature increase of about 0.5 degrees Celsius during this interval, along with a 10 to 20 percent reduction in annual rainfall. The team also identified four extended drought periods occurring between 4,450 and 3,400 years ago, indicating widespread and long⁃lasting impacts on water availability. According to the authors, these droughts likely influenced where people chose to establish settlements. Between 5,000 and 4,500 years ago, most communities were situated in regions that received higher rainfall. After 4,500 years ago, settlement patterns changed, with populations moving closer to the Indus River. This shift may reflect increasing dependence on a more reliable water source as drought conditions intensified. Based on these findings, the researchers concluded the Indus Valley Civilization did not collapse suddenly from a single climate event. Instead, the society likely experienced a prolonged and uneven fall in which repeated droughts became a significant contributing factor. 1. What can we learn from the new study? A.Ancient Egypt also experienced a slow reduction. B.Environment greatly influenced the early civilizations. C.The Indus Valley Civilization extended beyond 85 years. D.Droughts shaped the early civilizations in different ways. 2. What do we know about the Indus Valley Civilization in Paragraph 2? A.Where it originated is unknown. B.Why it fell requires further study. C.Its society initially had well⁃designed cities. D.It lay between Pakistan and northwest India. 3. How did Vimal Mishra and colleagues carry out their research? A.By collecting the annual rainfall. B.By monitoring the temperature change. C.By studying the impact on water availability. D.By using climate models and natural evidence. 4. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “intensified” in Paragraph 4? A.Worsen. B.Improved. C.Disappeared. D.Eased. 二完形填空 Greta Thunberg is a teen climate activist, from Stockholm, Sweden. She did not understand why so little was being done to 　1　 the world􀆳s environment.  By the time she was 11, she 　2　 it was time to make some change herself. Greta made a 　3　 that she would do everything she could in her power to help fix things. After Greta turned 15, she started to take her 　4　 to the Swedish Government. Every week, she would 　5　 outside the Swedish Parliament for her country􀆳s leaders to take more action on climate change. She held up a 　6　 that read “School Strike for Climate”. Greta􀆳s small action turned into a national 　7　 called “Fridays for Future”. Government leaders in Sweden began taking notice.  　8　, the movement started to catch on around the world and millions of children 　9　 in from all over the globe! In 2018 and 2019, Greta spoke at two climate change 　10　,one at the United Nations and another at the World Economic Forum. Her speeches were replayed around the world and her 　11　 grew greater.  For many years, scientists had tried to 　12　 world leaders to take more notice of climate change. Greta, still just a teenager, had now clearly gotten the 　13　 of the world􀆳s leaders. In fact, her impact was so great that Time Magazine 　14　 her their Person of the Year in 2019! More countries, companies, and people have been 　15　 to making big changes in their behavior.  1.A.protect　　　　B.change C.control D.beautify 2.A.judged B.confirmed C.decided D.concluded 3.A.agreement B.assumption C.choice D.promise 4.A.case B.reform C.method D.question 5.A.show off B.show up C.go off D.call up 6.A.sign B.letter C.mark D.hand 7.A.practice B.movement C.exercise D.arrangement 8.A.Now B.Always C.Then D.Finally 9.A.persisted B.fell C.broke D.joined 10.A.events B.competitions C.matters D.incidents 11.A.value B.impact C.force D.impression 12.A.cause B.get C.attract D.invite 13.A.assistance B.interview C.attention D.consideration 14.A.identified B.appointed C.called D.named 15.A.pretending B.thinking C.expecting D.committing 三语法填空 On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary􀆳s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies 1.　　　　　(spend) about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain 2.　　　　　 they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east⁃central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) 3.　　　　　(steal) from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.  Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, 4.　　　　　(address) public meetings on this issue for years. “ 5.　　　　　(basic), the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary⁃Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr Stienwand says, “ 6.　　　　　 they􀆳re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”  The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist 7.　　　　　works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small 8.　　　　　(percent) of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”  One doubter 9.　　　　　 the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”  Given the degree of doubt, Mr Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of 10.　　　　　(science) proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud⁃seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.  四读后续写 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Lila, a 20⁃year⁃old environmental science student from Lisbon, had long dreamed of contributing to climate action beyond classroom discussions. When she heard about a youth⁃led project in Kenya that aimed to install solar irrigation systems for drought⁃affected farmers, she immediately applied to volunteer. After months of preparation, she arrived at a remote village in eastern Kenya, eager to put her knowledge into practice. However, the reality was far more challenging than she expected. The village lacked basic infrastructure — no reliable electricity, and clean water was scarce. On her first day, Lila tried to explain the solar system􀆳s design to the local farmers, but the language barrier and cultural differences made communication difficult. Some farmers were skeptical: “We􀆳ve relied on rain for generations — why should we trust this new technology?” others asked. To make matters worse, a prolonged heatwave hit the region, drying up the last remaining water sources. Crops withered in the fields, and the villagers grew increasingly desperate. Lila and her fellow volunteers worked day and night to assemble the solar panels, but they faced constant setbacks — some components were damaged during transport, and the intense sun made outdoor work exhausting. One evening, after a day of failed attempts to fix a faulty pump, Lila sat under a baobab tree, feeling discouraged. Just as she was about to doubt her decision to come, a young local boy named Kofi approached her. He held out a small clay pot filled with fresh milk and said, “My mother sent this. She said you􀆳re trying to help us. I can speak English — I can translate for you.” Lila looked up, surprised and grateful. At that moment, she realized she wasn􀆳t alone in this fight. 注意:1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式作答。 With Kofi􀆳s help, Lila reconnected with the villagers.            Weeks later, the solar irrigation system finally started working.              学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 气候变化 一、[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了《通讯地球与环境》上的一项新研究,该研究指出一系列持续超过85年的重大干旱可能是印度河流域文明衰落的核心原因;文章还介绍了印度河流域文明的基本情况、研究人员的研究方法,以及干旱对该文明定居模式的影响,强调了长期环境压力对早期文明发展和稳定的塑造作用。 1.B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,我们从这项新研究中能了解到,环境对早期文明有着巨大的影响。故选B。 2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知,印度河流域文明在鼎盛时期就有设计精良的城市,其社会最初就具备这一特点。故选C。 3.D　推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,维马尔·米什拉及其同事是通过气候模型和自然证据开展研究的。故选D。 4.A　词义猜测题。前文提到,研究发现该地区存在长期干旱、降雨量减少等现象,可推知人们迁移是因为干旱状况恶化,画线词intensified意为“加剧、恶化”,与选项A含义一致。故选A。 二、[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了瑞典少女Greta Thunberg通过个人行动和演讲,推动全球关注气候变化的故事。 1.A　根据前后文可知, Greta是气候活动家,关注的是环境问题,所以是保护世界环境。故选A。 2.C　根据前文可知,她决定要做出改变。故选C。 3.D　根据后文可知, 这是Greta做出的承诺。故选D。 4.A　根据后文可知,Greta向政府表达自己对环境问题的看法和相关情况,要求政府采取更多行动应对气候变化。故选A。 5.B　根据后文可知, Greta每周都会出现在这个地方。故选B。 6.A　根据后文可知,Greta举着一块带着标语的标牌。故选A。 7.B　根据后文可知, Greta的小行动演变成了一场全国性运动。故选B。 8.C　根据前后文可知,此处承接上文Greta发起运动之后的进一步发展,用then符合语境。故选C。 9.D　根据句意可知,全世界数百万儿童加入了这场运动,join in表示“加入(某项活动)”,此处指加入这场运动。故选D。 10.A　根据后文可知,联合国的相关会议属于活动。故选A。 11.B　根据前后文可知, Greta的影响力在扩大。故选B。 12.B　根据后文可知,科学家试图让领导人注意气候变化问题, get sb to do sth表示“让某人做某事”。故选B。 13.C　根据前文可知,Greta在联合国发表演讲,影响力非常大,所以她引起了世界各国领导人的注意。故选C。 14.D　根据后文可知, 此处指《时代》 杂志将Greta命名为2019年年度人物。故选D。 15.D　根据后文可知,更多实体致力于在行为上做出改变,commit to doing sth表示“致力于做某事”。故选D。 三、[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是加拿大阿尔伯塔省的冰雹抑制项目及其引发的争议,包括农民对云播撒技术可能影响降水的担忧以及科学家对其安全性的质疑。 1.have spent　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since 1996可知,应用现在完成时,主语a group of insurance companies为复数,助动词使用have。故填have spent。 2.before　考查时间状语从句。此处为连词引导的状语从句,结合句意,上下文之间的动作有先后关系,表示“在……之前”,应用before引导时间状语从句。 3.is being stolen 　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词,结合句意以及常识可知,此处描述是客观事实,表示人工增雨的时候,水分同时被夺走,应用现在进行时的被动语态,且主语precious moisture为不可数名词,be动词用is。故填is being stolen。 4.has been addressing　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据“for years”以及语境可知,此处表示“多年来一直就这个问题在公开会议上发言”,用现在完成进行时,且主语Norman Stienwand为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词为has been addressing。 5.Basically 　考查副词。此处修饰整个句子,应用副词basically“基本上”,作状语,且位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Basically。 6.but 　考查连词。此处为连词连接两个并列句,结合句意,上下文之间表示转折关系,应用转折连词but。 7.who/that　考查定语从句。此处引导限定性定语从句,先行词Terry Krauss指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who或that。 8.percentage　考查名词。此处表示“百分比”,应用名词percentage。 9.about 　考查介词。固定搭配one doubter about,意为“对……持怀疑态度的人”。故填about。 10.scientific　考查形容词。此处修饰名词proof,应用形容词scientific“科学的”,作定语。 四、 With Kofi􀆳s help, Lila reconnected with the villagers. She explained the solar system􀆳s benefits in simple terms — how it could draw water from underground even during droughts, ensuring stable crops. Kofi also shared the villagers􀆳 concerns about maintaining the technology, which led Lila to adjust the design for easier operation. Villagers gradually joined in the work: some helped carry panels, others dug trenches for pipes. The heatwave still raged, but their shared goal fostered trust and collaboration across cultures.  Weeks later, the solar irrigation system finally started working. Clear water flowed into the parched fields, reviving withered crops. The villagers cheered, their faces lit up with hope. Lila watched as Kofi􀆳s mother harvested the first batch of vegetables in months, tears of joy in her eyes. This experience taught Lila that climate action isn􀆳t just about technology — it􀆳s about listening, collaborating, and empowering local communities. She vowed to continue bridging borders and knowledge to help more regions adapt to climate change.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $