选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 学习讲义-【名师带你过关】2026-2027学年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义覆盖词汇（基础词、重点词、词形变化）、核心句型及写作（应用文、续写）等高考核心考点，按“词汇积累—词形转换—句型应用—写作输出”逻辑架构知识体系。通过词能自测梳理考点，核心词汇用法指导与真题实例（如2025新疆一模）结合，微语境小测强化应用，帮助学生突破词汇记忆与语法运用难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料特色在于分层设计与实战导向，如“词形跃迁”通过frustrate→frustrated→frustration等变形训练，培养语言能力和思维品质；核心句型部分“not only...but also...”合并句子练习，提升语法结构灵活运用。设置基础巩固与真题演练环节，配合即时反馈，能在有限时间内聚焦高频考点，有效提升学生应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰模块指导。

一、词能自测·基础词 1.contradictory adj.　　　　　  2.concrete n.　　　　　 adj.　　　　　   3. household n.　　　　　  4.raw adj.　　　　　  5.statistic n.[pl.⁃s] 　　　　　  6.protein n.　　　　　  7.virus n.　　　　　  [微语境·小测] 1.A wave of startups say seaweed is a solution to climate change — able to absorb atmospheric carbon, provide 　　　　　　materials for biofuels, and feed the world.  2.(2025·新疆一模)Asphalt roads and 　　　　　　buildings absorb sunlight and release heat, making cities uncomfortable and increasing energy use for air conditioning.  3.(25⁃26·广东高三月考)A study found that the main mosquitoes that carry a certain 　　　　　　liked to bite people with type O blood more than those with other blood types.  4.According to 　　　　　　, more than 25 billion litres of ice cream were eaten worldwide in 2021.  5.People usually give two completely 　　　　　　descriptions so it is up to you to make the right decision.  二、词能自测·重点词 1.　　　　　　 adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的  2.　　　　　　 vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责  3.　　　　　　 n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)  4.　　　　　　 n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联  5.　　　　　　 n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低  6.　　　　　　 vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变  7.　　　　　　 vt.投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷  8.　　　　　　 n.改变;转换;轮班 vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向  [微语境·小测] 1.The sun began to dip lower, 　　　　　　long shadows that played tricks on our eyes.   2.Still, mental health issues can􀆳t be 　　　　　　solely on social media, as multiple factors play a role.   3.We can easily come to a conclusion that the sharp 　　　　　　of wildlife species results from population growth.  4.Shenzhen, a small fishing village at one time, has 　　　　　　without causing major disturbance to its natural coastline.  5.(2026·浙江一模)While daily stress is unavoidable, our perception of control is a key factor in how we 　　　　　　it.   三、词形跃迁·变形实战 1.frustrate　 vt.使懊恼;使沮丧 →　　　　　　 adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的  →　　　　　　 n.沮丧;懊恼;挫败  2.multiple　 adj.数量多的;多种多样的 →　　　　　　 vi.& vt.乘;成倍增加;繁殖  3.pure　 adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的 →　　　　　　 adv.完全地;纯粹地  →　　　　　　 vt.净化;使……洁净;提纯  4.assist　 vt.& vi.帮助;协助 →　　　　　　 n.助理;助手  →　　　　　　 n.帮助;协助;援助  5.vivid　 adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的 →　　　　　　 adv.生动地;逼真地;鲜明地  6.defend　 vt.保卫;防守;辩解 →　　　　　　 n.防御;保卫;保护  →　　　　　　 adj.防御(性)的;戒备的;防守的  [微语境·小测] 1.(25⁃26·广东汕头高三上月考)It􀆳s normal to feel stressed, anxious, or even 　　　　　(frustrate) during this period.  2.Attracted by natural attractants such as beeswax and lemongrass oil, African honeybees naturally 　　　　　　(multiple) the beehives.   3.Why do you 　　　　　　(vivid) remember your first day of school or a scary movie, but forget what you had for lunch last Tuesday?  4.(2025·山东三模)With AI􀆳s 　　　　　　(assist), pilots have made remarkable progress in real⁃combat⁃oriented training.   5.After spending some time looking at all the 　　　　　　(defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!  四、文词进阶·拓展词库 1. count on 　　　　　  2.　　　　　　 vt.背叛;出卖;流露  3.　　　　　　 vt.知会;通知;报告  [微语境·小测] 1.I know I can 　　　　　　you to help me when I encounter troubles in my study.  2.Mr Feng had clearly rehearsed every line, but the tremble in his voice 　　　　　　his nerves.   3.(2025·广东茂名二模)Case studies clarify rare phenomena, 　　　　　　practical involvement, and bridge clinical observation with experimental research to advance psychological understanding.  五、词组攻坚·语境搭链 1.　　　　　　　　　　 最终地;彻底地  2.　　　　　　　　　　 (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发  3.　　　　　　　　　　 死于  4.　　　　　　　　　　 及时;迟早  5.　　　　　　　　　　 很可能做某事  [微语境·小测] 1.Today, messages are sent through TV, radio, and mobile phones, making sure everyone receives the information 　　　　　　　　　　.  2.Chinese experts was in charge of tracing the source of the virus, desiring to produce vaccine (疫苗) to handle the deadly disease 　　　　　　　　　　.  3.The research finds that people who keep fit are more 　　　　　　　　　　be positive about life.  4.(25⁃26·广东广州高三上月考)Every year, millions of people 　　　　　　mosquito⁃borne diseases.  5.When it comes to 　　　　　　　　　　of a sedentary lifestyle, it can be hard to know where to begin.  Part Ⅰ　核心词汇 subscribe　 vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期缴纳(会费) (2025·安徽一模)The Great Courses also partners with Wondrium, a subscribed online learning platform, which gives students unlimited access to a library of courses for $12.50 per month. 《大课程》还与订阅制在线学习平台Wondrium合作,学生每月只需支付12.50美元,即可无限制访问其课程库。 (1)subscribe to 同意,赞同;订购;捐款,捐助;订阅 (2)subscriber n.订阅人;订购者;定期捐款者 单句语法填空 ①Many young people subscribe 　　　　　　the belief that success is not defined solely by wealth.  ②The popular science channel has millions of 　　　　　　(subscribe) who eagerly await its weekly video updates.  blame　 v. 责怪,指责;把……归咎于 n. 过失;责备 Some experts believe that the lack of proper exercise among teenagers is to blame for their poor physical fitness. 一些专家认为,青少年体质不佳的症结在于缺乏适当的运动。 (1)blame sb/sth for sth 把某事归咎于某人/物 blame sth on sb把某事怪到某人头上 be to blame (for … ) (因为……)应受指责 (2)take the blame for … 为……承担责任 lay/put the blame on sb 把责任归咎于某人 单句语法填空 ①He tends to blame his lack of progress 　　　　　　his busy schedule rather than on his own inefficient habits.　  ②Many people blame the heavy traffic 　　　　　　their frequent lateness to work in the crowded city.   transform　 v.使改观;使变形;使转化 Now 57, Owusu looks remarkably similar even with a graying beard. But his life has been transformed. 现年57岁的奥乌苏看上去(与之前)极为相似,即便胡子已灰白。但他的生活已然发生了转变。 (1)transform … into … 将……转变成…… transform into 转变成;转化成;改造为 be transformed from … into … 由……变成…… (2)transformation n. 改变; 转换; 改观 单句语法填空 ①Digital technology has brought a remarkable 　　　　　　(transform) to our daily communication.  ②The old factory 　　　　　　(transform) from a noisy industrial site into a quiet art gallery.  defend　 vt.保卫;防守;辩解 China􀆳s military power is for defending its sovereignty, national security and territorial integrity and for maintaining global peace.中国的军事力量是为了捍卫其主权、国家安全和领土完整,以及维护全球和平。 (1)defend … from/against … 保护……免受……的伤害 (2)defend oneself为自己辩护 (3)defence n.保卫;保护;辩护 in defence of保护,为……辩护 (4)defender n.防守队员,后卫;保护者,捍卫者 单句语法填空 ①Wearing sunscreen effectively defends your skin 　　　　　　the sun􀆳s harmful ultraviolet rays.  ②The brave 　　　　　　(defend) of the ancient castle held their ground against the enemy􀆳s fierce attack.  break out　(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始、爆发 A fire broke out so fast that it destroyed a substantial number of homes in Lahaina last August. 去年八月,一场大火迅速蔓延,摧毁了拉海纳镇大量民宅。 break through 突破;克服 break down (机器)出故障;(身体)垮掉;崩溃;分解 break in 插话 break up 分手;解散;打碎 break into 闯入;打碎 单句语法填空 ①The police arrived just as the thief attempted to break 　　　　　　the jewelry store through the back window.  ②His old car tends to break 　　　　　　on the long journey, causing him a lot of inconvenience.  ③A dangerous fire broke 　　　　　　in the hotel kitchen, forcing all guests to evacuate immediately.  ④He tried to break 　　　　　　on their private conversation, but was politely reminded that the topic was confidential.  come down with　患(病);染上(小毛病) However, after talking with him today, I was told that his father came down with uremia! 然而今天和他聊天,我才发现原来他父亲得了尿毒症! come across (偶然)遇见,碰见;被理解 come about 出现;发生 come up with 提出;想出 come into 继承(财产)或获得(某物) come with随同;具备;伴随 单句语法填空 ①She will come 　　　　　　a substantial inheritance when she turns twenty⁃five next month.  ②The remarkable progress in medicine came 　　　　　　through decades of relentless research and innovation.  ③This promotion comes 　　　　　　greater responsibility, requiring you to lead a team of five people.  ④The engineer had to come 　　　　　　with a creative solution to solve the unexpected technical problem.  Part Ⅱ　核心句型 not … until … 　直到……才…… (2025·浙江一模)Do not put your wristband on until you are on your way to the festival and have registered it.前往音乐节并完成注册前,请勿佩戴腕带。 (1)until用在肯定句中,谓语动词通常是延续性动词,如stand, stay, talk, wait等,表示主句动作终止的时间。 (2)until用在否定句中,谓语动词既可以是瞬间性动词也可以是延续性动词,强调主句动作开始的时间。 (3)当not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。 (4)not until的强调结构为“It is/was not until +从句/表时间的词+that+其他”。 完成句子 ①    (直到……她才意识到时间管理的重要性) she entered college and faced overwhelming assignments. ②    (直到他自己为人父母) he fully understood the sacrifices his own parents had made for him. not only … but also …　不仅……而且…… (2026·广东一模)Those who always listened to music not only had a lower chance of dementia but also showed better brain function. 那些经常听音乐的人,不仅罹患痴呆症的风险更低,还展现出更好的大脑功能。 (1)not only … but also … 连接两个分句且 not only … 位于句首时, not only后的分句要用部分倒装语序, 但but also后的分句不倒装, 即 “前倒后不倒”。 (2)类似not only … but also … 连接并列主语,谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近”原则的结构还有:neither … nor … (既不……也不……); either … or … (要么……要么……); not … but … (不是……而是……)。 (3)口语中省略“also”,常简化为“not only … but … ”,表达的意思不变。 用not only … but also … 将以下句子合并 ①Yoga improves balance, flexibility, and joint stability. ②And it serves as a peaceful escape from the stress of daily life. →      一、应用文增分练 假定你是李华,近日你校举办了以“科学之美”为主题的科学节(science festival)。请你根据以下要点,给你的外国朋友Peter写一封信介绍该活动,内容包括: 1.举办时间; 2.活动内容; 3.师生反响。 【完成句子】 1.我写信告诉你,上周我们学校举办了一场主题为“科学之美”的科学节,其目的是提高学生的科学意识。(that引导宾语从句)     2.活动期间,安排了一系列科学知识小测验、吸引人的先进技术讲座和来自学生的各种科学作品展览,我们仿佛在享受一场科学盛宴。(which seems that … )     3.活动几乎持续了一整天,直到标志着最后一节课结束的铃声响起。(until引导时间状语从句)     4.既激动又兴奋,不仅学生,部分教师也积极参与其中。(形容词短语作状语)     5.这次活动非常吸引人,所有参与者都对这次活动给予了高度评价。(so … that … 引导倒装句)     【组句成篇】　 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。               二、续写提能练 单词 1.rage n.&v. 愤怒 2.boil v.怒火中烧 3.furious adj.狂怒的 4.cross adj.生气的 5.madly adv. 发狂地 6.annoying adj.令人生气的 短语 1.flame with anger/rage气得脸通红 2.a flame of anger怒火 3.cloud (over) with anger怒容满面 4.boil with anger勃然大怒 5.glare at sb怒目而视 6.lose one􀆳s temper发脾气 7.hot under the collar 生气,恼火 8.get on one􀆳s nerves 让人心烦,使人恼火 句型 1.My teacher was extremely displeased at my conduct and almost shouted at me angrily.我的老师对我的行为极为不满,几乎愤怒地对我大喊大叫。 2.The moment I saw him,a flame of anger shot through me.一看到他我就怒火中烧。 3.He got hot under the collar when he was asked to be responsible for what he had done.当他被要求为自己的行为负责时,他很愤怒。 4.Rage flowed through her like lava when she got the annoying news.当她得到这个令人气愤的消息时,愤怒像熔岩一样弥漫她全身。 5.Her silly conduct really made my blood boil.她愚蠢的行为真让我怒火中烧。 6.One thing you should keep in mind is that your certain habits may get on other people􀆳s nerves.你得记住一件事:你的某些习惯可能会把别人惹毛。 【微场景实战】 　“杰出人物” Knowing Qian Xuesen was determined to return to his motherland, the authorities of the US boiled with anger. ①      (他们不能允许这样一个才华横溢的天才离开,扣留了他的家人,这让他勃然大怒。) So angry was he that he gave up all he had achieved in America. ②      (带着满腔怒火,他勇敢地与美国斗争,并在克服了许多困难后,于1955年成功返回中国。) His return cast a light on China􀆳s rocket science and under his leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1　Science and Scientists 【筑基通关·知识锚点】 一、 1.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的 2.混凝土　混凝土制的;确实的;具体的 3.一家人;家庭;同住一所 (套) 房子的人 4.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的 5.统计数字;统计资料;统计学 6.蛋白质　7.病毒 微语境·小测 1. raw　2. concrete　3. virus　4. statistics　5. contradictory 二、 1.outstanding　2. blame　3.handle　4.link　5.decrease 6.transform　7.cast　8.shift 微语境·小测 1. casting　2. blamed　3. decrease　4. transformed　5. handle 三、 1.frustrated→frustration　2.multiply　 3.purely→purify　4.assistant→assistance 5.vividly　6.defense/defence→defensive 微语境·小测 1. frustrated　2. multiply　3. vividly　4. assistance　5.defensive 四、 1.信赖;依靠;指望　2. betray　3.inform 微语境·小测 1.count on　2. betrayed　3. informed 五、 1.once and for all　2.break out　3.die from/of 4.in time　5.be likely to do sth 微语境·小测 1. in time　2.once and for all　3. likely to　 4. die from　5. breaking out 【词句锐解·靶心精练】 Part Ⅰ 1.①to 　②subscribers 2.①on 　②for 3.①transformation 　②was transformed 4.①against/from　②defenders 5.①into 　②down 　③out 　④in 6.①into　②about　③with　④up Part Ⅱ 1.①She did not realize the importance of time management until ②It was not until he became a parent himself that 2.Yoga not only improves balance, flexibility, and joint stability, but also serves as a peaceful escape from the stress of daily life. 【写作提质·素养靶向练】 一、应用文增分练 【完成句子】 1.I am writing to tell you that a science festival with the theme of “The Beauty of Science” was launched in our school last week, with the purpose of raising students􀆳 awareness of science. 2.During the activity, a series of scientific knowledge quizzes, appealing lectures about advanced technologies, and displays of various scientific works from us students were arranged, which seemed that we were having a science feast. 3.The activity lasted almost a whole day until the bell indicating the end of the last class rang. 4.Thrilled and excited, not only students but also some of the teachers participated in it actively. 5.So attractive is the activity that all participants speak highly of it. 【组句成篇】 Dear Peter, How is everything going these days? I am writing to tell you that a science festival with the theme of “The Beauty of Science” was launched in our school last week, with the purpose of raising students􀆳 awareness of science. During the activity, a series of scientific knowledge quizzes, appealing lectures about advanced technologies, and displays of various scientific works from us students were arranged, which seemed that we were having a science feast. The activity lasted almost a whole day until the bell indicating the end of the last class rang. Thrilled and excited, not only students but also some of the teachers participated in it actively. So attractive is the activity that all participants speak highly of it. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 二、续写提能练 ①They couldn􀆳t allow such a brilliant genius to leave and detained his family, which made him flame with anger/rage. ②With a flame of anger in mind, he bravely fought with the US and after overcoming many difficulties, he managed to return to China in 1955. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $