Unit 1 Science and Scientists 知识背诵清单-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists Step 1 词汇梳理 1. adj.严重的severe → adv.严重地;严厉地_severely_ 严重的损害/危机severe damage/a severe crisis 严于律己 be severe with oneself 严冬a severe winter 2. adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的frustrated →vt.使...受挫 __frustrate_→ n.挫折 frustration 3.once and for all彻底地;一劳永逸_ 突然 all at once 重新_once again_ 4. adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的contradictory[ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri] 助记：contradict v.反驳,矛盾 = contra反+dict说 5. n.感染;传染infection[ɪnˈfɛkʃən]→ vt.使感染;传染_infect_→adj传染的_infectious_ →adj.被感染的_infected_ 6. n. [u]&[c]证据;证明proof →vt.证明_prove 7. adj.数量多的;多种多样的multiple →vt.倍增,乘以,繁殖_multiply_ Eg. 2乘以4等于8. 2 multiplied by 4 equals 8. 【拓展】adj.双倍的_double_ adj.三倍的_triple_ 8.n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人adj.家喻户晓的household 家喻户晓的名字：a household name 9.n把手;拉手;柄vt.处理handle (=deal with) 10.n.介入;出面;干涉intervention→ v.介入;干涉;打断,阻挠intervene 11.adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的raw 12. adj.纯的;纯洁的;完全的,十足的pure →adv.完全地;纯粹地purely → n.纯净purity →vt.净化purify 纯正的英语pure English 纯净水pure water by pure chance纯属偶然 13.adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的substantial[səbˈstænʃəl]→n.物质,材料,财富substance 重大变化a substantial change 丰厚的薪水/早餐a substantial salary/breakfast 14.幸亏 thanks to 表达“因为，由于”：due to..., owing to..., because of..., as a result of... 15. n[pl.]统计数字;统计资料;统计学statistics[stəˈtɪstɪks] 16. epidemiology[ˌɛpɪˌdiːmɪˈɒləʤi]n.流行病学 =epidemic n.流行病 17. n.病毒 virus Corona-virus新冠病毒 18. n.发现;调查结果finding 19.n.框架;结构framework 助记: frame框架,骨架+ work工作,作品 theoretical framework理论框架 20. adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n.固体solid n.液体liquid n.气体 gas 实心球a solid ball 牢固的地基a solid foundation 21.n [C] 影子;阴影;坏影响[U]背光处;阴暗处 shadow 在暗处in the shadow shadow play皮影戏 shadow under sb’s eyes某人的黑眼圈 22.n.彩虹rainbow eg. Be a rainbow in somebody else’s cloud. 成为别人云朵里的一道彩虹。 23.n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的concrete 24.n.航空航天工业aerospace[ˈeərəˌspeɪs] 助记：aero空气+space太空 →n.飞机aeroplane=plane 25.adj.爱国的patriotic→n.爱国者patriot → adv.爱国地,忧国地patriotically →n.爱国主义,爱国精神patriotism patriotism education爱国主义教育 26.adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的mechanical[mɪˈkænɪkəl] →n.机械师;机械修理工mechanic[mɪˈkænɪk] 27.出故障;垮掉;失败break down 【拓展】强行闯入break into (强行进入)打断,搅扰break in 突破 break through (团体)解散;(关系)破裂break up 突然挣脱;与......决裂 break away 28.n.助理;助手assistant→v.帮助,协助assist→n.帮助,协助 assistance 29.v.充电,责备,掌管,控告; &n.收费 charge 主管;掌管in charge of... 被掌管in the charge of... 接管;负责take charge of... 免费free of charge 索价,要价;为…收费charge for... 控告,指控... charge with... 30.n.领导;领导地位;领导才能leadership 在某人的领导下 under the leadership of sb 31. vt.追溯;追踪;查出 n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹trace 追溯到...... trace back to... 追查……到…trace...to... 32. adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的outstanding 杰出的运动员/ 突出的贡献an outstanding player / contribution 突出,坚持到底stand out 33. adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的gifted 【搭配】 有……天赋be gifted with... 表示“对……有天赋” have a gift/talent for... 天才舞蹈演员／音乐家 a gifted dancer/musician 34.adj.抽象的&n.(文献等的)摘要&vt.提取abstract[ˈæbstrækt]→adj.具体的;理性的concrete 抽象概念 an abstract idea/concept 做演讲摘要make an abstract of a speech 35. adj.稳定的;平稳的steady→ adv.稳定地;持续地;平稳地steadily →adj.不稳定的 unsteady 稳定的收入/工作a steady income/job 36.n.天文学家astronomer [əsˈtrɒnəmə]→n.天文学astronomy[əsˈtrɒnəmi] →n.宇航员astronaut [ˈæstrənɔːt]→n.中国宇航员taikonaut [ˈtaɪkənɔːt] 37.adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的brilliant[ˈbrɪljənt] → adv.辉煌地;灿烂地brilliantly 在明媚的阳光下in the brilliant sunshine 38.prep.除……之外(还)adv.而且;此外besides 【同义】此外furthermore/in addition 39.最重要的是;尤其是above all 终究,还是;毕竟,别忘了after all 一点也(不)，完全(不)（not）at all 总的来说,总而言之all in all 总共,合计in all 首先,第一first of all 40.adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的vivid→adv.生动地vividly 生动的描述/丰富的想象力a vivid description/imagination Step2 重难点 1.subscribe to... 【一词多义】 (1)The company gives us a suggestion to subscribe 50 yuan to the relief fund.　捐赠　 (2)If you subscribe to the newspaper, it’ll be delivered to your door.　订阅　　 (3)I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.　赞同　 (4)Each employee may subscribe for up to $2,00 worth of shares. 认购（股份） 【搭配】订阅时代周刊 subscribe to Times 向慈善机构定期捐款 subscribe to a charity 同意赞成观点 subscribe to the view/opinion 【运用】 (1) Ever since he entered university, he _has subscribed__(subscribe) to a monthly magazine about tennis.  (2)The rich man is said __to subscribe__(subscribe) a large amount of money to the collection for the hospital last week.  2.suspect vt&vi. [ˈsʌspɛkt]怀疑;疑有;不信任 n[ˈsʌspekt]犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 →n.怀疑;不好的预感__suspicion__→ adj.有嫌疑的_suspicious_ 【搭配】怀疑某人(做)某事_suspect sb of (doing) sth ..._　 怀疑某人是suspect sb to be… 怀疑… suspect that(从句). 审问嫌疑人question a suspect_ 【运用】 (1)The police _suspected him of _carrying out two bomb attacks. 警方怀疑他制造了两起爆炸袭击。 (2)Police have issued a photograph of the suspect. 警方发布了嫌犯的照片。 (3)Older people tend to be quite conservative and a bit suspicious_(suspect) of any possible advances. 【辨析】suspect, doubt suspect：to believe that sth bad may happen or may be true认为某事会发生，尚缺少依据 eg：The policeman suspected her of stealing the wallet doubt：to think that sth may not be true or that it is unlikely不确定某事或者认为某事不可能。 eg：I doubt if it will rain tomorrow. 3.blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备指责 【搭配】因(做了)某事而责备某人_blame sb. for（doing）sth_ 把某事归咎于某人 _blame sth. on sb. 要为..负责/受责备_be to blame (for doing sth) _ 承担责任take/bearthe blame (因某事)把责任推给某人put/lay/place the blame for sth. on... 【运用】 (1)Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. (2) Joe is proud and stubborn（固执的）, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame (blame). (3)Don’t always blame your failure on others；sometimes you yourself are to blame. 不要总是把自己的失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。 4.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联=connect 【搭配】(1)把......与......连接/联系起来link...to/with... (2)师生之间的密切联系the close link between teacher and student (3)铁路/公路/电话线a rail /road/telephone link 【运用】 (1)Regular air traffic links the city to the rest of the country. (2)High unemployment is not necessarily linked with the rise in prices. (3)There are a lot of wireless links (link) in a radio. (4)The television camera is linked (link) to a computer. (5) Scientists have established a possible connection/relationship/link between cancer and diet（癌症和日常饮食之间的联系）. (6)The problems of the economy are closely related to/connected with/linked to / with（与一些社会问题密切相关）. 5.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量vt. &vi（使大小、数量等）减少;减小;降低 → adj.减少的decreasing→ vt.增加increase 【搭配】(从……) 减少到……(表示减少后的量)decrease（from... ）to... 减少了……(表示减少的量) decrease by... 在……方面减少a decrease in... 在减少on the decrease 【运用】 (1)The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96. (2)There has been a steady decrease in the number of visitors. 游客的数量稳步下降。 (3)The price of wheat has decreased by 5%. 小麦的价格下降了5%。 (4)The decreasing (decrease) numbers of fish make fishing much more difficult. 鱼数量的减少使捕鱼变得更加困难。 6. transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变 → n.[u]&[c]改革,转换transformation 【搭配】把......(从......)变成..... transform...(from...)into... 用......来改变...... transform...with... 【运用】 (1)They have transformed themselves into permanent city settlers. (2) She transformed people’s attitude towards her job with her determination and patience. (3)He was struggling to make the transformation (transform) from a single man to a responsible husband. (4)They successfully transformed the company into（把这家公司变成）a global one. (5)The art gallery was transformed from (由......改造而成) an old railway station. 7.cast[kɑːst]vt（cast, cast）投射;向……投以（视线、笑容等; &n.投,掷,全体演员 【搭配】(1)给……蒙上阴影 cast a shadow over/on sth. (2)（因某事）沮丧, 不愉快（不用于名词前）be cast down（by sth.） (3) 看某人一眼cast a look at sb (4) 全明星阵容an all-star cast 【运用】一词多义 (1)Again she cast a look toward the window. 投射（视线） (2)The play is being cast in both the US and Britain. 挑选演员 (3)The site where Zhang Xianzhong cast lumps(块)of pure silver is being dug. 扔 (4)To qualify, candidates must get at least 10% of the votes cast. 投票 【运用】单句填空 (1)He didn’t want to cast a shadow on their happiness. 他不想给他们的幸福蒙上阴影。 (2)He was cast down by the failure of the plan. 计划的失败使他沮丧。 (3)The play succeeded thanks to the wonderful performance of all the cast. 由于全体演员的精彩表演，这部戏获得了成功。 (4)She cast him a welcoming smile. 她向他投以微笑以示欢迎。 8. pour vt.倒出;倾泻;斟（饮料）vi.(雨)倾盆而下,下大雨 【搭配】(1)不断地(大量地)流进(涌进);大量投入(金钱)于pour into/in... (2)把某物倒进……pour sth. into... (3)对……泼冷水pour cold water on/over... (4)流下;（雨）倾盆而下 pour down (5)下瓢泼大雨/ 倾盆大雨rain cats and dogs (6)涌出;倒出;倾诉pour out 【运用】写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 (1) I was standing in the pouring rain for an hour.我在倾盆大雨中站了一个小时。 (2) Offers of help poured in from all over the country. 全国各地纷纷表示愿意提供帮助。 (3) Light was pouring into the yard.光线倾泻在院子里。 9.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解→n.防御;辩护;保卫defence/defense →adj.防御性的;自我保护的defensive 【搭配】保护......免受...... defend...from/against（doing）... 保护自己不受......；为自己辩护 defend oneself against sth. 【运用】(1)We must defend our motherland from the enemy.我们必须保卫祖国防御进犯之敌。 (2)The dam was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea. 建筑这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。 (3)They tried to defend themselves against the enemy with all their might. 他们竭尽全力抵御敌人。 (4)Students should be ready to explain and defend their views. 学生应该准备好为自己的观点作解释和辩护。 【辨析】defend, guard, protect defend 指“保卫”“防御”，指抵御或击退外来的攻击。 guard 指“守护”“看守”，指保持警惕或注意来防止危险发生。 protect 语义范围广，指“保护”，以免遭受危险、伤害等。 (1)When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick. (2) The dog was guarding its owner’s luggage. (3) We’re doing whatever we can to protect our environment from pollution. 10.come down患（病）;染上（小病）;下降 【搭配】(1)落下，降落；（价格、水平）下降，降低；（狂喜之后）平静下来come down (2)偶遇；无意中发现come across (3)发生（常与 how 连用）come about (4)快点儿；加油；得了吧 come on (5)想出，想到come up with (6)出来；出版；被人所知come out (7)来访，拜访come over 【运用】(1)I think I’m coming down with flu. 我想我染上流感了。 (2)The plane came down safely despite the mist.尽管有薄雾，飞机还是安全着陆了。 (3)The whole weekend was so wonderful I haven’t come down yet. 整个周末过得这么精彩，我到现在还没有平静下来。 (4)I came across a bird’s nest beside the road. 我在路边发现一个鸟窝。 (5)Why is it that you’ve come out against the proposal he put forward? 为什么你要反对他提出的建议呢？ 11. fault n. [u]责任,过失,过错[c] 缺点,缺陷,故障 →adj.无错误的;完美无缺的faultless→ adj.有错误的;有缺陷的faulty 【搭配】挑剔;批评;抱怨find fault with 有错;有责任at fault 【运用】 (1)He is such a man who is always finding fault with（挑剔）other people. (2) “I don’t think it’s my fault（是我的过错）that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy. (3) Parents are at fault（有责任）for the change in their children. (4) I’m really sorry — it’s all my own fault.我真的很抱歉，都是我自己的错。 【辨析】fault, error, mistake fault 指对“过失、过错”应负的责任，强调“过”。 mistake 在日常使用较多，指用词或数字上的错误、口误、笔误，也可指决定错误，强调“误”。 error 与 mistake 意义相近，但较为正式。 (1) It’s my fault that we missed the bus. (2)I’m not blaming you — we all make mistakes. (3)I picked up your bag by mistake. (4)There must be an error in our calculations. 12.shift n.改变；转换；轮班；vi. &vt 转移；挪动；转向 【搭配】(1) （将……）从……移走shift from..to.. (2) 将注意力转移开shift attention away (3) 值白/夜班be on the day /night shift 【运用】一词多义 (1) Within four hours of my first shift, I had angry customers who complained how slow I was. 轮班 (2) The 21st century has been seeing a gradual shift of people from the country to the town._转移 (3) You must press the shift key before entering each letter. __转换键__ (4) Someone has shifted my bicycle and I can’t find it.（使）移动_ (5) Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.（使）转移 (6) Public attitudes towards the Internet have shifted over the past 50 years. _改变___ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $