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外研版 七下 Unit 5 Amazing nature.语法精讲精练 —— 形容词/副词比较级和最高级 构成与基础句式(口诀版) —— 使用说明 形容词和副词有原级、比较级、最高级三个等级:原级用于描述本身,比较级用于两者比较,最高级用于三者或以上比较。本讲为同步新授版,用「直去双改」「好坏多少远」两组口诀帮助学生牢固掌握比较等级的构成变化,再落实比较级与最高级的基础句式,配套三类以「变形 + 句式」为核心的分层练习,答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、三个等级与比较范围 等级 适用范围 标志 示例(tall) 原级 描述人或物本身,不作比较 very, quite, so, too, asas He is tall. 他很高。 比较级 两者之间比较(A 与 B) than,or 连接的两者 He is taller than me. 他比我高。 最高级 三者或三者以上比较 in/of/among 范围,the + 最高级 He is the tallest in our class. 他是我们班最高的。 【注】判断步骤:先看比较范围——两者用比较级,三者及以上用最高级;再按规则写出正确的比较等级形式。 二、规则变化(一):单音节和少数双音节——口诀「直去双改」 口诀 规则 原级 比较级 最高级 直 一般情况直接加 -er / -est tall taller tallest;short shorter shortest;long longer longest;young younger youngest;fast faster fastest 去 以不发音的 e 结尾,加 -r / -st nice nicer nicest;fine finer finest;late later latest;large larger largest;wide wider widest 双 重读闭音节(辅元辅)结尾,双写末尾辅音再加 -er / -est big bigger biggest;hot hotter hottest;thin thinner thinnest;fat fatter fattest;sad sadder saddest;red redder reddest 改 以「辅音字母 + y」结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -er / -est easy easier easiest;happy happier happiest;heavy heavier heaviest;busy busier busiest;early earlier earliest;angry angrier angriest 【易错警示】「双」必须同时满足:①重读闭音节;②辅—元—辅结构结尾;③末尾只有一个辅音字母。如 slow(ow 是元音字母组合)直接加 -er:slower,不双写。 三、规则变化(二):大部分双音节和多音节词——more / most 在词前加 more 构成比较级、加 most 构成最高级,词形本身不变。多音节形容词、以 -ful/-less/-ous/-ing/-ed 结尾的词以及大多数 -ly 副词多属此类。 原级 比较级 最高级 beautiful 美丽的 more beautiful most beautiful interesting 有趣的 more interesting most interesting popular 受欢迎的 more popular most popular important 重要的 more important most important carefully 仔细地 more carefully most carefully slowly 慢地 more slowly most slowly 【注】少数双音节词两种变化均可:clever cleverer/more clever,simple simpler/more simple,quiet、narrow 等亦然,初中阶段掌握常见的 -er 形式即可。 四、不规则变化——口诀「好坏多少远」 口诀 原级 比较级 最高级 好 good(形)/ well(形/副) better best 坏 bad(形)/ badly(副)/ ill worse worst 多 many / much more most 少 little less least 远 far farther / further farthest / furthest (补充)老 old older / elder oldest / eldest 【注】elder/eldest 用于家庭成员间表示排行(my elder brother 我哥哥);older/oldest 泛指年龄或新旧的大小、老幼。farther 多指距离「更远」,further 多指程度「进一步」。 五、比较级的基础句式 句式1(形容词比较级):主语 A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B。 My brother is taller than me. 我哥哥比我高。 句式2(副词比较级):主语 A + 行为动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B。 Li Ming runs faster than Wang Hai. 李明比王海跑得快。 【易错警示】than 前后比较的对象必须是同类(my bag 和 your bag 比,不能拿 bag 和 you 比);比较级前可用 much, a little, even, still, a lot 等修饰,表示「……得多 / 一点 / 甚至更」。 六、最高级的基础句式 句式:主语 A + be / 行为动词 + the + 形容词/副词最高级 + in / of / among 短语(表范围)。 She is the tallest girl in our class. 她是我们班最高的女孩。(in + 集体/地点范围) He runs (the) fastest of the three boys. 三个男孩中他跑得最快。(of + 同类范围;副词最高级前 the 常省略) 范围介词 后接内容 例句 in 集体、地点、场合(不同类范围) the best in our class / in China of 与主语同类的人或物(常接数量) the tallest of the five / of all among 三者及以上的人或物之间 the most beautiful among these flowers 【易错警示】形容词最高级前通常有 the;副词最高级前 the 可省。但「物主代词/名词所有格 + 最高级」时不再加 the:my best friend。 七、必备补充结构(衔接提升) 1.「比较级 + and + 比较级」表示「越来越……」;多音节用 more and more + 原级。 It gets warmer and warmer. / Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 天气越来越暖和。/ 我们的城市越来越美。 2.「the + 比较级…, the + 比较级…」表示「越……,就越……」。 The harder you work, the better grades you will get. 你越努力,成绩就越好。 3. 比较级可表达最高级含义:比较级 + than any other + 单数名词。 He is taller than any other boy in his class. = He is the tallest boy in his class. 他比班上其他任何男孩都高。 八、典型例题精讲 【例1】My brother is than me. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 【答案】B 【解析】than 是比较级标志,两者比较用比较级 taller,故选 B。 【例2】This is book of the three. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 【答案】D 【解析】of the three 表三者范围用最高级;interesting 为多音节词,最高级为 most interesting,且形容词最高级前加 the,故选 D。 【例3】Today is than yesterday. A. hot B. hoter C. hotter D. hottest 【答案】C 【解析】hot 是辅元辅重读闭音节,双写 t 再加 -er,比较级为 hotter,故选 C。 【例4】Li Ming runs than Wang Hai. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 【答案】B 【解析】行为动词 runs 后用副词比较级,fast 比较级为 faster,故选 B。 【例5】—Which season do you like , spring, summer, autumn or winter? A. well B. better C. best D. good 【答案】C 【解析】四个季节比较用最高级;like best「最喜欢」,副词最高级 best 前 the 省略,故选 C。 第二讲 综合演练 题型一 单项选择(每小题1分,共15分) 1. My brother is than me. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 2. This is book of the three. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 3. Li Ming runs than Wang Hai. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 4. —Which is , the sun, the moon or the earth? —The sun. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 5. My bag is than yours. A. heavy B. heavier C. heaviest D. the heaviest 6. Today is than yesterday. A. hot B. hoter C. hotter D. hottest 7. She is one of students in our class. A. good B. better C. the best D. best 8. This story is than that one. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. interestinger 9. —Which season do you like , spring, summer, autumn or winter? —Summer. A. well B. better C. best D. good 10. His handwriting is in our class. A. good B. better C. the best D. best 11. The you work, the grades you will get. A. hard; good B. harder; better C. hardest; best D. harder; good 12. Tom is than any other student in his class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 13. Which color do you like , red or blue? A. well B. better C. best D. good 14. Our country is becoming . A. strong and strong B. stronger and stronger C. strongest D. more strong 15. My brother is three years than I. A. elder; olderB. older; elder C. elder; elder D. older; older 题型二 用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共14分) 1. My brother is (tall) than me. 2. This is the (nice) flower of all. 3. Li Ming runs (fast) than Wang Hai. 4. Today is much (hot) than yesterday. 5. She is the (happy) girl in her family. 6. This book is (interesting) than that one. 7. Spring is the (good) season of the year. 8. My bag is (heavy) than yours. 9. Which is (big), the sun or the moon? 10. He writes (carefully) than his brother. 11. The Yellow River is the second (long) river in China. 12. My mother is (busy) than before. 13. It gets (warm) and (warm) in spring. 14. Of all the boys, Tom did it (badly). 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换(每小题2分,共10题) A. 根据汉语意思完成句子(1—5题,每空一词) 1. 我哥哥比我高。 My brother is me. 2. 李明比王海跑得快。 Li Ming runs Wang Hai. 3. 这是三本书中最有趣的一本。 This is book of the three. 4. 她是我们班最高的女孩。 She is girl in our class. 5. 春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和。 Spring comes and it gets . B. 句型转换(6—10题,每空一词) 6. Tom is taller than Mike.(用 not asas 改为同义句) Mike is Tom. 7. This book is more interesting than that one.(改为一般疑问句) this book than that one? 8. He is the tallest boy in his class.(用「比较级 + any other」改为同义句) He is than boy in his class. 9. Jim is 12. Kate is 10.(用比较级合并为一句) Kate is two years Jim. 10. She runs fast. He runs faster.(用 than 合并为一句) He runs she. 答案与解析 题型一 单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【解析】than 两者比较用比较级 taller 2. 【答案】D 【解析】of the three 三者最高级,多音节用 the most interesting 3. 【答案】B 【解析】行为动词后用副词比较级 faster 4. 【答案】D 【解析】三者比较用最高级 the biggest 5. 【答案】B 【解析】辅音+y 变 y 为 i,heavier 6. 【答案】C 【解析】hot 双写 t,hotter 7. 【答案】C 【解析】one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数,the best 8. 【答案】B 【解析】多音节比较级 more interesting 9. 【答案】C 【解析】四者比较用最高级,like best 副词最高级省略 the 10. 【答案】C 【解析】in our class 范围用形容词最高级 the best 11. 【答案】B 【解析】the + 比较级, the + 比较级「越……越……」 12. 【答案】B 【解析】比较级 + than any other + 单数,用比较级表最高级 13. 【答案】B 【解析】red or blue 两者比较用 better 14. 【答案】B 【解析】比较级 + and + 比较级「越来越」,stronger and stronger 15. 【答案】A 【解析】家庭成员排行用 elder;具体年龄比较用 older 题型二 适当形式填空 1. 【答案】taller 【解析】than 用比较级,直接加 -er 2. 【答案】nicest 【解析】of all 最高级,去 e 加 -st 3. 【答案】faster 【解析】行为动词后副词比较级 4. 【答案】hotter 【解析】much 修饰比较级,hot 双写 t 5. 【答案】happiest 【解析】in her family 最高级,y 变 i 加 -est 6. 【答案】more interesting 【解析】than 比较级,多音节加 more 7. 【答案】best 【解析】good 不规则,最高级 best 8. 【答案】heavier 【解析】than 比较级,heavy 变 y 为 i 9. 【答案】bigger 【解析】两者比较,big 双写 g 10. 【答案】more carefully 【解析】than 比较级,-ly 副词加 more 11. 【答案】longest 【解析】the + 序数词 + 最高级,the second longest 12. 【答案】busier 【解析】than 比较级,busy 变 y 为 i 13. 【答案】warmer; warmer 【解析】比较级 + and + 比较级,越来越暖和 14. 【答案】worst 【解析】Of all 三者以上,badly 不规则最高级 worst 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换 1. 【答案】taller than 【解析】be + 形容词比较级 + than 2. 【答案】faster than 【解析】行为动词 + 副词比较级 + than 3. 【答案】the most interesting 【解析】三者最高级,多音节 the most interesting 4. 【答案】the tallest 【解析】in our class 范围,the + 最高级 5. 【答案】warmer and warmer 【解析】「越来越」比较级重叠 6. 【答案】not as/so tall as 【解析】A taller than B = B not as/so tall as A 7. 【答案】Is; more interesting 【解析】一般疑问句 is 提前,比较级不变 8. 【答案】taller; any other 【解析】最高级与「比较级 + than any other + 单数」互换 9. 【答案】younger than 【解析】年龄差用比较级 younger than 10. 【答案】faster than 【解析】两者比较,副词比较级 faster + than 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $