Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land知识背诵清单-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

该高中英语Unit 4知识清单系统梳理了“Journey Across a Vast Land”主题下的词汇与重难点知识体系。从38个基础词汇的构词法、词义、搭配及例句入手，逐步过渡到8个重难点词汇的深度辨析、语境运用和同义替换，构建从基础积累到高阶应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“基础词汇—重难点词汇”逻辑递进，通过构词法解析（如massive=mass+-ive）和对比辨析（如bay/harbour）培养语言能力，结合情境例句（如arise的多义运用）提升思维品质，词块积累（如a bunch of）和同义替换（如anticipate=look forward to）优化学习能力，助力学生高效掌握主题词汇。

Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land Step 1 词汇梳理 1. airline = air + line n.航空公司 line n. [ C] ( often used in names 常用于名称 )  运输公司；航运公司 航运公司╱公共汽车公司 a shipping line / a bus line 2. bay n. (海或湖的)湾 the Bay of Bengal 孟加拉湾 【区别】bay VS harbour：bay为自然形成的海湾；harbour/harbor 是人为修建的海港 hold/keep... at bay: to prevent an enemy from coming close or a problem from having a bad effect.  不让(敌人)接近；防止(问题恶化) (1)The brave soldiers struggled to keep the enemies at bay. 勇敢的士兵奋力牵制敌人防止其靠近。 (2) Charlotte bit her lip to hold the tears at bay. 夏洛特咬住嘴唇不让眼泪流出来。 3. craft /krɑ:ft/ n.手艺,工艺,技艺(=craftsmanship)--craftsman n.工匠-arts and crafts手工艺 -- aircraft 飞机 -- spacecraft 宇宙飞船 (强调单复数同形) 一架飞机/宇宙飞船：an aircraft / spacecraft; 两架宇宙飞船: two aircraft / spacecraft 4. antique /ænˈti:k/ cn. 古物;古董；adj.古老的,古董的 antique shop 古玩店； priceless antiques 价值连城的古董 5. pleasant adj.令人愉快的,友好的, 礼貌而友善的 (= nice / pleasing) --pleasantly adv. -- unpleasant adj.令人不愉快的 --please vt.使某人愉快/满意--pleased adj.(人)高兴的,满意的--pleasure n.高兴,满意 6. massive adj. 巨大的,非常严重的-- 构词：mass (大量、大规模) + -ive (形容词后缀) a massive rock 巨大的岩石; a massive increase 大幅上升; a massive heart attack 严重的心脏病 7. literally/ˈlɪtərəli/adv. 构词:literal (字面意义的)+-ly→照字面意思上→真正地;简直(加强语气) (1)When I told you to “get lost”, I didn't expect to be taken literally.  我叫你“滚开”，并没让你按字面意思来理解呀。 (2) There are literally hundreds of prizes to win. 真的有好几百份奖品可以领呀。 (3) I literally jumped out of my skin. 我简直给吓了一大跳。 8. scenery /ˈsi: nəri/ n. 风景,景色-- scene n.景色;地点;场面;镜头 其他关于风景的表达? view, landscape, sights, outlook 9. awesome/ˈɔ:səm/ adj.①令人惊叹的; 令人敬畏的; 可怕的; 构词法：awe (敬畏)+-some (....的) awesome sights/scenery 惊人的奇观 an awesome task 艰巨的任务 ②( NAmE informal ) very good, enjoyable, etc. 很好的（或极好玩的等） Wow! That's totally awesome! 哇！真是棒极了! 10. spectacular/spekˈtækjələ(r)/ adj.壮观的,壮丽的,惊人的(awesome); n.壮丽的场面,精彩的表演 11. peak n. 顶峰; 山峰; 尖形 a mountain peak 山峰； at the peak of sb’s career 在某人事业的顶峰 peak hours (交通、用电等的)高峰时间； a peak season旺季 12. highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分；vt.突出,强调;使醒目 (1) One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal. (2) I've highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黄色标出了重要的段落。 13. goat n.山羊 -- sheep 绵羊 -- Tibetan antelope 藏羚羊 14.grizzly bear 灰熊 15.drill vi.&vt. 钻(孔); 打(眼) n. (钻)头;训练;演习 --- drilling n. 钻探；勘探 drill for oil 钻井探油 an electric drill 电钻； drills in math 数学练习；a fire drill 消防演习 16. mall n.(= shopping mall) 购物商场;购物广场 17.prairie /ˈpreəri/ n. a flat wide area of land in North America and Canada, without many trees and originally covered with grass 北美草原； Little Mouse on the Prairie 《大草原上的小老鼠》(1996年中美合作动画片) 18.bunch /bʌntʃ/ n. 束;串;捆 【词块】a bunch of flowers/grapes/keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串钥匙 19. thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/ vi. 打雷；轰隆隆地响; 轰隆隆地快速移动； n. 雷声;轰隆声 (1)thunder and lightning 雷电；(2) burst the thunder of applause 爆发出雷鸣般的掌声 (3) It thundered a few times, but no rain fell. 打了几声雷，但没下雨。 (4) The train thundered through the small station, 火车轰隆隆地驶过那个小站。 20. frost /frɒst/ n.霜；严寒天气；霜冻；vt.使蒙上霜; vi.结霜-- frosty adj.严寒的,霜冻的 heavy frost 厚厚的霜 21. curtain n.窗帘 【词块】draw back / pull back / open the curtains 拉开窗帘 draw / pull / close the curtains 拉上窗帘 22.border /ˈbɔ:də(r)/ n.国界；边界地区 (基本义: 边) vt.与……接壤 【词块】(1)on the border在边境上; (2) cross the border穿越边境; (3)Doctors without Borders 无国界医生 23. duration /djuˈreɪʃn/(正式用语) n.持续时间,期间 同源词：during ; (微信通话时长翻译为duration) 24.enrol (enroll) vi.&vt. 使……加入；注册；登记 Judy enrolled in a programme of study. Judy参加了一个学习项目。 -- register  /ˈredʒɪstə(r)/  登记注册；公开发表意见 -- sign up (for...) 报名参加(......) 25.quarry /ˈkwɒri/ n.采石场 26. idiom /ˈɪdiəm/ n. 习语；成语 --- dialect n.方言;地方话 -- slang n.俚语 27.anyhow adv. ①(非正式)不管怎样,无论如何; ②(结束交谈或转换话题时)不过;反正 -- 近义词：anyway (更常用) (1) It may rain, but anyhow l shall go out. 可能要下雨，但无论如何我都要出门。 (2) Of course I don't mind taking you home - I'm going that way anyhow. 我当然可以把你送回家——反正我也是顺路。 28.alongside prep. 在……旁边；与……一起；adv.在旁边 构词：along (沿着) + side (1) alongside the coast/river 沿着海岸/沿着河 (2) He waited several minutes for a taxi to pull up alongside. (3) 他等了几分钟，直到一辆出租车靠边停下。 29. proceed /prəˈsi:d/ vi. 行进；继续做； 构词：pro- (forward) + ceed (to go)→向前走→前进 【词快】proceed with sth, proceed to (do) sth 继续(做/从事/进行)…… 【升级】After a short break, the manager go on with his work. proceed with/to She wanted to continue teaching until she was 60. proceed to teach 30.shore /ʃɔ: (r)/ n.（海洋、湖泊等大水域的）岸;滨 (1) a house on the shore of the lake 湖畔的房子 (2) The ship was anchored off shore. 船停泊在离岸不远的地方。(anchor n.锚; vt.下锚；使…固定) 31.misty adj.多雾的,模糊的 构词：mist + -y (充满…的) -- 同义：foggy adj.有雾的-- fog n.雾 ＊区别: fog的浓度更大，时间更长；mist一般指“水汽,雾气,水雾” (1) through thin/heavy mist 透过薄/浓雾； (2)a mist of tears 泪眼模糊 32. steel n.钢；钢铁工业 -- steely /ˈstiːli/ adj. 强硬的,冷冰冰的;钢铁般的 (1) iron and steel 钢铁 (2) steely determination/will 钢铁般的意志 (3) steely voice/tone 冷冰冰的声音/腔调 33.dusk n.黄昏,傍晚 -- at dusk 黄昏时刻；at dawn 黎明,拂晓时刻 34. advertisement n.广告,启事 Br./ədˈvɜ: tɪsmənt/ Am./ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt/ 构词：advertise (做广告) + -ment 缩写为：ad，是非正式用语 put/make an advertisement in a newspaper在报纸上刊登/做广告 35.accent /ˈæksent/ n. 口音；腔调; 重音(stress) (1) a broad / strong accent 浓重的口音 (2) authentic accent 地道的口音 authentic Chinese recipe 地道的中国菜 36.photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)/ n.摄影师,拍照者 构词：photograph + -er -- photograph /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑ:f/ n.照片&vt.拍照 --  photography /fəˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.照相术,摄影 37.toast /təʊst/ un.烤面包片;吐司;干杯 vt.为……干杯; vi. 烤(尤指面包) (1) two pieces of toast两片烤面包片 (2) l toast your health. 我为你的健康干杯。 (3)I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom. 我建议为新郎新娘干杯。 38. coherent /kəʊˈhɪərənt/ adj. (of ideas, thoughts, arguments, etc. 看法、思想、论点等 ) logical and well organized; easy to understand and clear 合乎逻辑的；有条理的；清楚易懂的 a coherent account/explanation 条理清楚的描述╱阐述 account for 解释说明 Step2 重难点 1.arise vi. 构词：a- (向上) + rise (升起) → 向上立起（基本义） 过去式：arose 过去分词: arisen 【词义】 (1) We arose early this morning. 我们今天早上起得很早。(arose = get up) (2) He arose from his seat. 他从座位上站了起来。 (3) Numerous problems may arise when human are cloned. 克隆人类时可能会产生许多问题。 注: arise是很正式的用法; 日常用语中，表示出现问题或困难更常用 come up; 【搭配】arise from / out of 因……产生;由……引起 【辨析】arise, rise, raise (1) A storm arose during the night.  (2)As is known to us all，the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (3)This annual event is aimed to raise public awareness of environmental protection. 2.breath n. 呼吸；气息 -- breathe vi.呼吸 -- breathless adj.气喘吁吁的;呼吸急促的 【搭配】(1) take a deep breath 深吸一口气 (2) draw in a breath of fresh air 吸一口清新的空气 (3)catch one’s breath / draw (a) breath 缓一口气；歇口气 (4) hold one’s breath 屏息；憋住气 (5) out of breath 上气不接下气 【运用】一句多译：壮丽的景色让我惊叹不已。(take sb’s breath away; breath-taking) (1) The spectacular scenery took my breath away. (2) The spectacular scenery is breath-taking. 3.bound adj. 准备前往某地；一定会； vi.跳跃;跳跃着前进； n.范围(bounds) 【搭配】(1) be bound to do... 一定会做… (2) be bound for... 准备到/开往…（地方）去 (3) go beyond bounds /within bounds 超出范围/在范围内 4.freezing adj.极冷的,冰冻的 -- freeze vt.&vi 结冰;使……冻住 (froze, frozen) -- freezer n.冷冻柜; 冰柜 【搭配】(1) freezing point冰点 (2) freezing cold极冷 (3)freeze to death / be frozen to death冻死了 (4) freeze with terror 吓呆 (5) frozen foods冷冻食品 【运用】 (1)It’s freezing cold today and the temperature has dropped to freezing point.I almost freeze to death. 今天很冷，温度降到了冰点。我几乎要冻死了。 (2)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)Seeing the fierce grizzly bear，I froze with terror，rooted to the ground. 看见这头凶猛的灰熊，我站在原地，吓呆了。 5.anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ vt.预料,预见；期待，期望 --- anticipation n. 构词：anti- (= ante-, before) + cip (to take) + -ate (动词后缀) → 在……之前抓住 → 先于……做 → 预期 【同根词】participate vi. 参与，参加 【搭配】anticipate doing sth 预料/预期做…… 【运用】 (1) When they arrived in Canada, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country. 当他们到达加拿大时，未曾料想能看到如此辽阔的国度。 (2) We anticipate hearing from you again. 我们期待再收到你们的来信。 = look forward to... (3) He bought extra food in anticipation of more people coming than he'd invited. 他预料来的客人会比邀请的多，就多买了食物。 anticipate ≈ expect; anticipation ≈ expectation (4) What we anticipate seldom occurs; but what we least expect generally happens. 有心栽花花不开，无心插柳柳成荫。(我们所期待的很少发生;但我们最意想不到的事情通常会发生。） 6.contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/ adj.相反的,相对立的; 构词：contra (against 与……相反) + -ry (名词后缀) →相反 【搭配】(1) on the contrary 正相反/恰恰相反; (2) to the contrary 相反的;相反地 (3) (be) contrary to 与……相反 (4) have a contrary opinion持相反意见 【运用】Contrary to their expectations, Bernard and John didn’t sell popcorn on the street smoothly. Anyhow，they didn’t lose heart. On the contrary，they succeeded in coming up with awesome ideas to sell popcorn from door to door. 与他们的预期正相反，伯纳德和约翰在街上卖爆米花并不顺利。不过，他们没有灰心。恰恰相反，他们成功地想出了挨家挨户卖爆米花的好主意。 7.astonish /əˈstɒnɪʃ/ vt.使……惊讶；使……吃惊 【词族】astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 -- astonished adj. (人)感到惊讶的-- astonishment n.惊讶 【搭配】(1)be astonished at/by sth.因某事感到惊讶 (2)be astonished to do sth.对做某事感到惊讶 (3) in astonishment吃惊地；惊奇地 (4) to one’s astonishment让某人惊讶的是 【运用】(1)That's how nature is - always leaving us astonished (astonish). (2021新高考改) (2)Our mouths dropped open in astonishment. 我们惊奇地张大了嘴。 (3) To our astonishment，he climbed to the peak of the mountain regardless of his poor health. 令我们惊讶的是，尽管他身体不好，他还是登上了山顶。 8.owe /əʊ/ vt.欠(账、债、情等) 基本义“应偿还” 【搭配】owe sb sth / owe sth to sb 欠（某人情); 把……归功于某人owe sth to sb ；owe sth to sth 【搭配】 (1) She still owes her father $5,000. / She still owes $5,000 to her father. 她还欠她父亲5000美元。 (2) l owe him an apology./ I owe an apology to him. 我得向他道歉。（我欠他一个道歉) (3) He owes his good health to his regular life. 他把自身的健康归功于生活有规律。 (4) These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed. 这些早期的移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦的劳动和必胜的决心。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $