Unit 1 一般过去时讲解与习题 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦人教版八年级上册一般过去时，系统讲解定义、时间标志词、基本结构及动词过去式变化规则，通过对比一般现在时的时间状语引导学生识别“过去时间”，搭建从现在时到过去时的学习支架，帮助理解动作或状态与现在的无关性。 资料特色在于知识点表格化呈现（标志词分类、句型结构对比），习题分层设计（基础书写、语境填空、综合选择、句型转换），参考答案附详细解析及易错点总结，助力学生提升语言能力，通过规则与不规则动词变化分析培养思维品质，易错点归纳增强学习能力，适合课堂教学与自主练习。

人教版八年级上册 一般过去时 知识点讲解与习题训练讲义 第一部分：知识点讲解 一、什么是一般过去时？ 一般过去时，顾名思义，就是用来表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。这个“过去的时间”可以是明确的（如“昨天下午”），也可以是通过上下文推断出来的。它强调的是动作或状态发生在“过去”，与“现在”没有直接的联系和影响。 具体用法包括： 1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago 等。 · 例：I got up at 6:30 yesterday.（我昨天6:30起床。）——表示过去发生的动作 · 例：She was at home last night.（她昨天晚上在家。）——表示过去存在的状态 2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和 often, always 等频度状语连用。 · 例：He always went to work by bus last year.（去年他总是乘公共汽车上班。） 二、一般过去时的判断标志词 一般过去时常与以下表示过去的时间状语连用： 类别 示例 与 ago 连用 a moment ago, two minutes ago, six months ago, one week ago 与 last 连用 last week, last year, last month, last day 与 yesterday 连用 yesterday, yesterday morning, the day before yesterday 与 one 连用 one morning, one evening 与 that 连用 that day, that morning, that year 其他 just now（刚刚）, in the old days, in 1980, at that time 三、一般过去时的基本结构 一般过去时的构成，核心在于动词的变化。主要分为be动词和实义动词两大类。 （一）be动词的一般过去时 be动词的过去式有两个：was 和 were。am/is → was（用于I和第三人称单数）；are → were（用于you、we、they和复数主语）。 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他 I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 否定句 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他 I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？ 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + was/were. Yes, I was. 否定回答 No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. No, I wasn’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？ Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪？ （二）实义动词的一般过去时 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。 否定句 主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗？ 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + did. Yes, I did. 否定回答 No, 主语 + didn’t. No, I didn’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？ ⚠️ 特别提醒：在否定句和疑问句中，助动词did已经体现了“过去时”，所以后面的动词一定要用原形，不能再使用过去式！ 四、动词过去式的变化规则 （一）规则变化 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 直接加 -ed wash→washed, help→helped, play→played 以不发音的 e 结尾 加 -d hope→hoped, like→liked, live→lived 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -ed carry→carried, study→studied, cry→cried 以“元音字母 + y”结尾 直接加 -ed play→played, enjoy→enjoyed 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed stop→stopped, plan→planned, fit→fitted 读音规则： · -ed 在清辅音后读 /t/：如 looked, washed · -ed 在浊辅音及元音后读 /d/：如 played, opened · -ed 在 /t/、/d/ 后读 /ɪd/：如 wanted, needed （二）不规则变化（需特殊记忆） 以下是一些常见的不规则动词过去式： 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 am/is was are were go went do/does did have/has had see saw come came say said get got give gave eat ate drink drank take took buy bought bring brought think thought teach taught catch caught run ran swim swam write wrote read read（读作/red/） make made find found speak spoke tell told sell sold send sent put put set set 第二部分：习题训练（共80题） 一、写出下列动词的过去式（共20题，每题1分） 请写出以下动词的过去式形式。 1. play → ___________ 2. hope → ___________ 3. study → ___________ 4. stop → ___________ 5. go → ___________ 6. do → ___________ 7. see → ___________ 8. have → ___________ 9. eat → ___________ 10. buy → ___________ 11. take → ___________ 12. bring → ___________ 13. swim → ___________ 14. run → ___________ 15. write → ___________ 16. teach → ___________ 17. catch → ___________ 18. think → ___________ 19. say → ___________ 20. read → ___________ 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（共25题，每题2分） 21. She ___________ (go) to the library yesterday. 22. They ___________ (play) basketball after school last Monday. 23. We ___________ (not watch) TV last night. 24. ___________ he ___________ (finish) his homework before dinner? 25. I ___________ (buy) a new book at the bookstore last weekend. 26. She ___________ (be) late for school this morning. 27. They ___________ (not visit) the museum because it rained. 28. What ___________ you ___________ (do) during the summer holiday? 29. Jane ___________ (be) at home yesterday. 30. They ___________ (be) on vacation last month. 31. I ___________ (go) to Guizhou last week. 32. He just ___________ (stay) at home to read last weekend. 33. Billy ___________ (not visit) the Great Wall with his parents last month. 34. My parents ___________ (not be) at home the day before yesterday. 35. ___________ (be) he a teacher last year? 36. ___________ (be) they in the classroom just now? 37. ___________ he ___________ (buy) anything special yesterday? 38. ___________ they ___________ (play) volleyball this morning? 39. He ___________ (not finish) his homework yesterday. 40. ___________ you ___________ (visit) your grandparents last weekend? 41. I ___________ (watch) a very interesting movie with my friends last night. 42. She ___________ (be) a teacher in 2010. 43. Tom ___________ (not like) playing computer games when he was young. 44. We ___________ (go) to the zoo and ___________ (see) some animals yesterday. 45. Last weekend, we ___________ (have) a great time at the beach. 三、单项选择（共20题，每题2分） 46. They ________ to the park yesterday afternoon. A. go B. goes C. went D. are going 47. ________ you ________ dinner at home last night? A. Do; have B. Did; have C. Are; having D. Will; have 48. She ________ a new dress for the party last week. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. is buying 49. We ________ very happy at the birthday party yesterday. A. are B. were C. is D. was 50. The teacher ________ us a story in class yesterday. A. tell B. tells C. told D. is telling 51. She ________ to school because she was ill yesterday. A. doesn’t go B. didn’t go C. isn’t go D. goes 52. —How was your weekend? —It ________ great! A. is B. was C. were D. are 53. My mother ________ dinner when I got home yesterday. A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. cook 54. —Where ________ you go on vacation? —I ________ to Yunnan. A. do; go B. did; went C. did; go D. do; went 55. He ________ to the city and ________ a new job last year. A. move; find B. moves; finds C. moved; found D. moving; finding 56. —Did you watch the football match last night? —No, I ________. A. do B. did C. didn’t D. don’t 57. There ________ a lot of people in the park last Sunday. A. is B. are C. was D. were 58. She ________ her grandparents last weekend and ________ them some gifts. A. visit; bring B. visited; brought C. visits; brings D. visiting; bringing 59. I ________ (not) see you at the party. Where ________ you? A. don’t; are B. didn’t; were C. didn’t; are D. don’t; were 60. He ________ a new bike for his son yesterday. A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy 61. —When ________ you ________ this book? —Last week. A. do; buy B. did; buy C. did; bought D. do; bought 62. The children ________ games in the garden just now. A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play 63. She often ________ to school by bike, but yesterday she ________. A. go; walk B. goes; walked C. went; walks D. going; walking 64. I ________ my homework, but I ________ my room. A. did; clean B. do; clean C. did; cleaned D. do; cleaned 65. —Who ________ you the book? —My sister ________. A. give; does B. gives; do C. gave; did D. giving; did 四、句型转换（共15题，每题2分） 66. Xiao Lin went fishing this morning.（改为一般疑问句） 67. I was at home yesterday.（改为否定句） 68. They went to the cinema yesterday.（改为否定句） 69. She visited her grandparents last weekend.（改为一般疑问句） 70. He bought a new car last month.（对划线部分提问） 71. We were in Beijing last summer.（对划线部分提问） 72. Tom did his homework at home.（改为一般疑问句） 73. I saw a movie yesterday evening.（改为否定句） 74. The movie was very interesting.（改为一般疑问句） 75. They had a party last night.（对划线部分提问） 76. She didn’t go to school because she was ill.（改为肯定句） 77. My father was a teacher ten years ago.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） 78. I played basketball with my friends.（对划线部分提问） 79. He stayed at home last weekend.（改为否定句） 80. We went to the beach on vacation.（对划线部分提问） 习题参考答案与详细解析 一、写出下列动词的过去式（每题1分，共20分） 题号 答案 解析 1 played 一般情况直接加 -ed 2 hoped 以不发音的 e 结尾，直接加 -d 3 studied 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 -ed 4 stopped 重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母 p，再加 -ed 5 went go 是不规则动词，过去式为 went 6 did do 是不规则动词，过去式为 did 7 saw see 是不规则动词，过去式为 saw 8 had have 是不规则动词，过去式为 had 9 ate eat 是不规则动词，过去式为 ate 10 bought buy 是不规则动词，过去式为 bought 11 took take 是不规则动词，过去式为 took 12 brought bring 是不规则动词，过去式为 brought 13 swam swim 是不规则动词，过去式为 swam 14 ran run 是不规则动词，过去式为 ran 15 wrote write 是不规则动词，过去式为 wrote 16 taught teach 是不规则动词，过去式为 taught 17 caught catch 是不规则动词，过去式为 caught 18 thought think 是不规则动词，过去式为 thought 19 said say 是不规则动词，过去式为 said 20 read read 是不规则动词，过去式仍写作 read，但读音变为 /red/ 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题2分，共50分） 题号 答案 解析 21 went 时间状语 yesterday 表明用一般过去时，go 的过去式为 went 22 played last Monday 表明用一般过去时，play 是规则动词，直接加 -ed 23 didn’t watch last night 表明用一般过去时；否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形 24 Did; finish 一般疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 25 bought last weekend 表明用一般过去时，buy 的过去式为 bought 26 was this morning 已过去；主语 she 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 was 27 didn’t visit 一般过去时否定句，用 didn’t + 动词原形 28 did; do 一般过去时特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 29 was yesterday 表明用一般过去时；Jane 是第三人称单数，用 was 30 were last month 表明用一般过去时；They 是复数，用 were 31 went last week 表明用一般过去时，go 的过去式为 went 32 stayed last weekend 表明用一般过去时，stay 是规则动词，直接加 -ed 33 didn’t visit last month 表明用一般过去时；否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形 34 weren’t the day before yesterday 表明用一般过去时；parents 是复数，用 weren’t 35 Was last year 表明用一般过去时；he 是第三人称单数，一般疑问句用 Was 36 Were just now 表明用一般过去时；they 是复数，一般疑问句用 Were 37 Did; buy yesterday 表明用一般过去时；一般疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 38 Did; play this morning 已过去；一般疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 39 didn’t finish yesterday 表明用一般过去时；否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形 40 Did; visit last weekend 表明用一般过去时；一般疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 41 watched last night 表明用一般过去时；watch 是规则动词，直接加 -ed 42 was in 2010 表明用一般过去时；She 是第三人称单数，用 was 43 didn’t like when he was young 表明用一般过去时；否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形 44 went; saw yesterday 表明用一般过去时；go→went，see→saw 45 had last weekend 表明用一般过去时；have 的过去式为 had 三、单项选择（每题2分，共40分） 题号 答案 解析 46 C yesterday afternoon 表明用一般过去时；go 的过去式为 went 47 B last night 表明用一般过去时；一般疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 48 C last week 表明用一般过去时；buy 的过去式为 bought 49 B yesterday 表明用一般过去时；we 是复数，be 动词用 were 50 C yesterday 表明用一般过去时；tell 的过去式为 told 51 B yesterday 和 was ill 表明用一般过去时；否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形 52 B 问句用 was 询问过去的情况，答语也用 was 53 B yesterday 和 got（过去式）表明用一般过去时；cook 加 -ed 54 B 问的是 vacation（假期已结束）的经历；疑问句用 did + go，答语用 went 55 C last year 表明用一般过去时；两个动作都用过去式 moved 和 found 56 C 对 Did 引导的一般疑问句作否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t 57 D last Sunday 表明用一般过去时；a lot of people 是复数，用 were 58 B last weekend 表明用一般过去时；visited 和 brought 都是过去式 59 B at the party 指过去的事情；否定用 didn’t see，问 Where were you 60 C yesterday 表明用一般过去时；buy 的过去式为 bought 61 B last week 表明用一般过去时；疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 buy 62 B just now 表明用一般过去时；play 加 -ed 63 B often 表示经常性动作用一般现在时 goes；yesterday 用过去式 walked 64 C 描述过去做的两件事，都用过去式 did 和 cleaned 65 C 问过去谁给的书，用 gave；回答用 did 替代 gave 四、句型转换（每题2分，共30分） 题号 答案 解析 66 Did Xiao Lin go fishing this morning? 一般过去时的一般疑问句：句首加 Did，句中过去式 went 还原为 go 67 I wasn’t at home yesterday. be 动词的否定句：在 was/were 后加 not 68 They didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 实义动词的否定句：didn’t + 动词原形 69 Did she visit her grandparents last weekend? 句首加 Did，visited 还原为 visit 70 What did he buy last month? 对物提问用 What；疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 71 Where were you last summer? 对地点提问用 Where；be 动词直接提前 72 Did Tom do his homework at home? 句首加 Did，did（做）还原为 do 73 I didn’t see a movie yesterday evening. 否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形 saw→see 74 Was the movie very interesting? be 动词的一般疑问句：was/were 提前 75 What did they do last night? 对事件提问用 What；疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 76 She went to school because she was ill. 否定句变肯定句：didn’t go → went 77 Was your father a teacher ten years ago? Yes, he was. be 动词一般疑问句：Was 提前；肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + was 78 What did you do with your friends? 对活动内容提问用 What；疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 79 He didn’t stay at home last weekend. 否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形 stayed→stay 80 Where did you go on vacation? 对地点提问用 Where；疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 易错点总结 1. ❌ 易错：I didn’t went to school yesterday. ✅ 正确：I didn’t go to school yesterday. 解析：否定句中，did 已经表示过去时，动词要用原形，不能用过去式。 2. ❌ 易错：Did she visited her grandparents? ✅ 正确：Did she visit her grandparents? 解析：一般疑问句中，Did 已表示过去时，动词要用原形。 3. ❌ 易错：She was go to the park yesterday. ✅ 正确：She went to the park yesterday. 解析：实义动词的过去时直接变动词本身，不能和 be 动词连用。 4. ❌ 易错：We were had a good time. ✅ 正确：We had a good time. 解析：实义动词 have 的过去时是 had，不需要再用 were。 5. 注意不规则动词的特殊记忆：go→went, do→did, have→had, see→saw, eat→ate, buy→bought 等，不能按规则变化加 -ed。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $