Unit 4 Inventions 语法填空（热点题型专练）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

**基本信息** 以“发明与创造”为主题，分基础巩固与拔高攻坚两模块，系统训练语法填空，融合语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |巩固基础·专项突破|8篇短文|基础语法点语境应用，考查冠词、代词、动词时态等|围绕古代四大发明及日常发明，构建“话题-语法”关联，强化语言理解与表达| |培优拔高·挑战攻坚|8篇短文（含中考真题）|中高考难度语法综合考查，涉及非谓语、连词、词性转换等|结合现代科技与发明家故事，深化语法知识应用，提升思维品质与学习能力|

Unit 4 Inventions 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——发明与创造） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或者括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Compass (指南针) It was a great gift to the world from ancient China. 1 people invented the compass, sailors had to depend on the stars to find direction. But after people invented it, the seas were open to travel. Also, people used the compass to discover many new 2 (place). Gunpowder (火药) It was a great 3 (invent) in ancient China. The correct way of making gunpowder was probably discovered in the 4 (nine) century. At first, it was used for making fireworks. 5 the end of the Tang Dynasty, people began to use it in wars. Paper-making During the Western Han Dynasty, paper was made in some places in China. Cai Lun developed it in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He 6 (make) writing much easier than before with the help of paper. Before it was invented, the ancient Chinese used animal bones (骨头) and stones 7 (write) characters (文字). They also wrote 8 (they) on bamboo and wooden sticks. Printing (印刷术) In the Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng carved (雕刻) characters on pieces of clay (陶土) and wood. Then he put ink on them. After the characters were printed on paper, the pieces of clay or wood could be used again. It was 9 good way at that time. This technology spread 10 (quick) to Korea, Japan and Europe. 【答案】 1．Before 2．places 3．invention 4．ninth 5．At 6．made 7．to write 8．them 9．a 10．quickly 【导语】本文介绍中国古代四大发明 (指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术) 及其影响。 【详解】 1．句意：在人们发明指南针之前，水手们不得不依靠星星来辨别方向。根据后文“But after people invented it...”，这里形成对比，说在人们发明指南针之前，水手们得依靠星星找方向，所以填Before“在……之前”。故填Before。 2．句意：而且，人们使用指南针发现了许多新地方。“many”后接可数名词复数，“place”的复数形式是“places”，表示人们用指南针发现了许多新地方。故填places。 3．句意：它是中国古代的一项伟大发明。“a great”后接可数名词单数，“invent”的名词形式是invention“发明物”，说明火药是中国古代一项伟大的发明。故填invention。 4．句意：正确制造火药的方法可能是在9世纪被发现的。此处表示“在……世纪”要用序数词，“nine”的序数词是“ninth”，即正确制作火药的方法可能在9世纪被发现。故填ninth。 5．句意：在唐朝末年，人们开始在战争中使用它。“at the end of...”是固定短语，意为“在……末尾；在……结束时”，这里指在唐朝末年，人们开始在战争中使用火药。故填At。 6．句意：在纸的帮助下，他使书写比以前容易得多。文章讲述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，“make”的过去式是“made”，说明蔡伦在纸的帮助下，使书写比以前容易多了。故填made。 7．句意：在纸被发明之前，古代中国人用动物骨头和石头来书写文字。此处表示古代中国人用动物骨头和石头来书写文字，“use sth to do sth”是固定用法，意为“用某物做某事”。故填to write。 8．句意：他们也把文字写在竹子和木棍上。“wrote”是动词，后接人称代词宾格，“they”的宾格是“them”，指代前面的“characters”。故填them。 9．句意：在当时，这是一种好方法。“way”是可数名词单数，且“good”是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词“a”，表示在当时这是一种好方法。故填a。 10．句意：这项技术迅速传播到朝鲜、日本和欧洲。“spread”是动词，要用副词修饰，“quick”的副词形式是“quickly”，说明这项技术快速传播到朝鲜、日本和欧洲。故填quickly。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。 There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put it in the bathroom. 1 it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess 2 it is? Yes, it’s the toothbrush. But do you know anything about its history? According to some research, before toothbrushes 3 (appear), the ancient Chinese people cleaned their teeth with some small tree branches. About 800 years ago, people made a kind of brush with pig hair and bamboo. It might be the world’s 4 (early) form of toothbrushes. As time went by, the forms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of (代替) pig hair 5 pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back to ancient times and brush your teeth 6 (comfortable). It 7 (sound) fantastic, doesn’t it? Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found 8 (it) way into Europe. It became popular among local people soon. The 9 (invent) of toothbrushes was not well-known, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good habit of 10 (brush) teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it. 【答案】 1．Without 2．what 3．appeared 4．earliest 5．because 6．uncomfortably 7．sounds 8．its 9．invention 10．brushing 【导语】本文主要讲述了牙刷的历史发展过程。从中国古代用小树枝清洁牙齿，到用猪毛和竹子制作牙刷，再到传入欧洲并逐渐演变成现代牙刷，文章说明了牙刷的演变及其重要性。 【详解】 1．句意：没有它，我们可能会有牙齿问题。根据“we might have tooth problems”可知，此处指“没有牙刷”的情况，without“没有”。句首单词首字母大写。故填Without。 2．句意：你能猜到它是什么吗？根据“Can you guess...it is?”可知，空处是宾语从句的引导词，同时在从句“it is”中充当表语，所以用what，故填what。 3．句意：根据一些研究，在牙刷出现之前，古代中国人用一些小树枝清洁牙齿。根据“before toothbrushes...”可知，此处是过去发生的动作，用appear的过去式appeared，故填appeared。 4．句意：它可能是世界上最早的牙刷形式。根据“the world’s...form”可知，此处用early的最高级earliest表示“最早的”，故填earliest。 5．句意：例如，人们选择马尾毛代替猪鬃，因为猪鬃太硬了。根据“people chose horse-tail hair instead of (代替) pig hair”和“pig hair was too hard”可知，前后句子之间是因果关系，后半句表原因，所以用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。 6．句意：想象你回到古代，不舒服地刷牙。根据“brush your teeth…”可知，此处修饰动词，需要comfortable的副词形式，结合前文说的古代的牙刷很硬，所以刷牙会不舒服，uncomfortably“不舒服地”。故填uncomfortably。 7．句意：这听起来很奇妙，不是吗？根据“It...fantastic”可知，主语为it，谓语动词需用第三人称单数，故填sounds。 8．句意：大约15世纪，中国的牙刷传到了欧洲。此处修饰名词way，用it的形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 9．句意：牙刷的发明并不广为人知，但在日常生活中非常有用。根据“The…of toothbrushes”可知，此处需用名词形式在句中作主语，invent的名词形式是invention，由“was”可知，此处用单数形式。故填invention。 10．句意：今天我们有一个刷牙的好习惯。介词of后接brush 的动名词形式brushing作宾语，故填brushing。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处按要求填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。每空1个单词。 In our daily lives, we see many modern 1 (invent). The smartphone is applied in our lives now. It can do many things like surfing 2 (冠词) Internet, taking photos, and even playing games. The e-reader is great for book lovers. It holds 3 (thousand) of books and is easy to carry. The 3-D printer is another 4 (imagine) invention. It can create objects from a computer design 5 (quick). Drones are fun to fly and useful for taking photos from the sky. Virtual reality (VR) glasses let you 6 (feel) like you’re in another world. Self-driving cars are being tested. They use sensors to avoid (避免) accidents. Smart homes are also popular. They let you control lights, heat 7 (连词) security with your phone to make your home more comfortable. These inventions make our lives better. They make things 8 (easy) and more enjoyable. Who knows what other new inventions we’ll see in the future? Stay curious and keep learning. The world of inventions is filled 9 (介词) surprises. 10 (Congratulate) to these great inventors! You might even invent something amazing! Remember, every great invention starts with a small idea. 【答案】 1．inventions 2．the 3．thousands 4．imaginative 5．quickly 6．feel 7．and 8．easier 9．with 10．Congratulations 【导语】本文介绍了智能手机、3D打印机、自动驾驶汽车等各类现代发明，介绍其功能与用途，点明科技发明便利生活，鼓励人们保持好奇心、勇于创新。 【详解】 1．句意：在日常生活中，我们能看见许多现代发明。空格前有形容词modern修饰，many后必须接可数名词复数；invent是动词，意为“发明”，名词形式为invention，复数形式为inventions。 2．句意：它可以做很多事情，比如上网、拍照，甚至打游戏。surf the Internet为英语固定搭配，意为“上网、网上冲浪”，Internet为专有名词，前面必须加定冠词the。 3．句意：它可以储存成千上万本书，而且便于携带。thousand用法有明确规则：前面无具体数字时，必须用复数thousands，搭配介词of，构成固定短语thousands of，意为“成千上万的”。 4．句意：3D打印机是又一项富有想象力的发明。空格后为名词invention，需要形容词作定语修饰名词；imagine是动词，意为“想象”，形容词形式imaginative，表示“富有想象力的”。 5．句意：它可以依据电脑设计快速制作物品。空格处在句尾修饰动词create，修饰动词需要使用副词；quick是形容词，副词变形为quickly，意为“快速地”。 6．句意：虚拟现实眼镜让你感觉置身于另一个世界。let为使役动词，遵循固定用法：let sb. do sth.，意为“让某人做某事”，后面必须接动词原形，因此填feel。 7．句意：你可以用手机操控灯光、供暖以及安保系统，让居家生活更加舒适。空格前后lights、heat、security属于三类并列名词，陈述句中并列成分最后一处用并列连词and连接。 8．句意：它们让万事变得更简单、更令人愉悦。空格后出现并列比较级more enjoyable，根据并列一致原则，此处也要使用形容词比较级；easy比较级为easier。 9．句意：发明的世界充满惊喜。be filled with为英语固定短语，意为“充满……”，空格需要填写固定搭配配套介词with。 10．句意：向这些伟大的发明家表示祝贺！congratulate为动词，英语口语固定祝福语：Congratulations to sb.，表示“向某人祝贺”，必须使用名词复数形式，首字母大写。 Passage 4 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 In the past ten years, great progress has been made in technology. It seems like everything has been reinvented (改造) and greatly improved. However, here is one thing unlike them. It was invented over 100 years ago 1 remained unchanged until now. I’m talking about the blind walking stick. The white stick has been used by many blind people for 2 long time. However, it has seen no real improvement until a blind engineer named Kursat decided to make a 3 (different). He invented a smart stick called WeWalk. He hoped his 4 (invent) would help the blind. The smart stick uses built-in speakers and different sensors (传感器) 5 (warn) about possible dangers. It helps blind people in navigating (导航) around their environment using modern technology, which makes their travel much 6 (easy). The price of the stick is around 800 dollars. Most people can afford it. This invention is going to change life a lot for the blind. Kursat understands the difficulties and challenges that the blind face well. That’s because he is blind 7 (he). He decided to put his technical knowledge into inventing something that would not only change his life, but also the life of many others. “These days, we are talking about flying cars. But the blind have been using just a simple stick. 8 a blind person, when I am at the metro station, I 9 (know) which is my exit, which bus is coming or which stores are around me. Now, that kind of information can be provided by the WeWalk,” he said. “I believe the life of the blind 10 (be) much easier and safer.” 【答案】 1．but 2．a 3．difference 4．invention 5．to warn 6．easier 7．himself 8．As 9．don’t know 10．will be 【导语】本文介绍了盲人工程师Kursat发明智能手杖WeWalk的故事，该发明利用现代技术帮助盲人导航，改变了传统盲杖百年未变的历史。 【详解】 1．句意：它发明于100多年前，但至今保持不变。前句说“发明于100多年前”，后句说“至今保持不变”，前后为转折关系，需用转折连词“but”。 2．句意：白色手杖已经被许多盲人使用了很长时间。“for a long time”是固定短语，意为“很长时间”，需用不定冠词“a”。 3．句意：然而，直到一位名叫库尔萨特的盲人工程师决定做出改变，它才真正得到改进。“make a difference”是固定短语，意为“有影响，起作用”，需用名词“difference”。 4．句意：他希望他的发明能帮助盲人。形容词性物主代词“his”后需接名词。“invent”的名词形式为“invention”，意为“发明”。 5．句意：智能手杖使用内置扬声器和不同传感器来警告可能的危险。此处用动词不定式“to warn”作目的状语，表示“为了警告”。 6．句意：它利用现代技术帮助盲人在周围环境中导航，这使他们的出行容易得多。“much”修饰比较级，“easy”的比较级为“easier”。 7．句意：那是因为他自己也是盲人。此处强调主语he本人，应用反身代词。he的反身代词为himself。 8．句意：作为一个盲人，当我在地铁站时，我不知道哪个是我的出口，哪路公交车来了，或者周围有哪些商店。表示“作为”，需用介词“As”，句首首字母大写。 9．句意：作为一个盲人，当我在地铁站时，我不知道哪个是我的出口，哪路公交车来了，或者周围有哪些商店。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，此处指“不知道哪个是出口”，主语“I”为第一人称单数，否定结构需用“don’t + 动词原形”。 10．句意：我相信盲人的生活将会更轻松、更安全。根据I believe及语境可知，这是对未来的预测和展望，应用一般将来时will be。 Passage 5 Do you know Laszlo Biro? Maybe you do not, but you probably use his invention every day, and you may even have it in your hand right now! Biro (1899—1985) was the 1 (invent) of the ballpoint pen. He was born in Budapest, Hungary. In the 1930s, when he worked 2 a newspaper editor, he 3 (use) a fountain pen almost every day. However, he 4 (have) to refill it all the time. The ink also did not dry 5 (easy), and it sometimes made a mess on the paper. Biro wanted a 6 (good) pen. His brother, George, helped him develop a special ink. The ink dried quickly. Then they developed a new type 7 pen. There was a tiny ball at the tip of the pen. The ball rolled ink onto paper as it moved. They called it the “ballpoint” pen. The ballpoint pen was a great 8 (succeed). Everyone loved it. Now 9 (million) of people use it anywhere in the world every day. People will always remember Biro for his invention. Today in many English-speaking countries, people still use the word “biro” to refer 10 any kind of ballpoint pen. 【答案】 1．inventor 2．as 3．used 4．had 5．easily 6．better 7．of 8．success 9．millions 10．to 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了圆珠笔的发明者拉斯洛·比罗以及圆珠笔的发明过程和影响。 【详解】 1．句意：比罗（1899—1985）是圆珠笔的发明者。根据“Biro (1899—1985) was the … (invent) of the ballpoint pen.”可知，此处指的是比罗是圆珠笔的发明者，invent的名词为inventor，意为“发明者”，此处用单数形式。故填inventor。 2．句意：20世纪30年代，当他担任报纸编辑时，他几乎每天都使用圆珠笔。根据“when he worked … a newspaper editor”可知，此处指的是他担任报纸编辑的工作，work as“担任，充当”，固定词组。故填as。 3．句意：20世纪30年代，当他担任报纸编辑时，他几乎每天都使用钢笔。根据“In the 1930s”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词use用其过去式used。故填used。 4．句意：然而，他不得不一直给它加墨水。根据“In the 1930s”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词have用其过去式had。故填had。 5．句意：墨水也不容易干，有时还会把纸弄得一团糟。dry为动词，此处应用副词easily“容易地”修饰动词。故填easily。 6．句意：比罗想要一支更好的笔。根据“The ink also did not dry … (easy), and it sometimes made a mess on the paper.”结合前文对钢笔的不满可知，此处指的是比罗想要更好的钢笔，good的比较级为better，意为“更好的”。故填better。 7．句意：然后他们研发了一种新型的钢笔。根据“Then they developed a new type … pen.”可知，此处指的是一种新型的钢笔，a type of“一种”，固定词组。故填of。 8．句意：圆珠笔是一项巨大的成功。根据“The ballpoint pen was a great … (succeed).”可知，此处指的是圆珠笔非常成功，great为形容词，其后应接名词，succeed的名词为success，意为“成功”，可数名词；由“a”可知，此处用其单数形式。故填success。 9．句意：现在全世界每天有数百万人使用它。根据“Now … (million) of people use it anywhere in the world every day.”可知，此处指的是数百万的人，millions of“数百万的”，固定词组。故填millions。 10．句意：今天在许多讲英语的国家，人们仍然用“biro”这个词来指任何一种圆珠笔。根据“people still use the word ‘biro’ to refer … any kind of ballpoint pen.”可知，此处指的是用“biro”这个词来指代圆珠笔，refer to“指代”，固定词组。故填to。 Passage 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We can often see robots in the movies now. Some robots may look like people, some look like huge arms, and others may be in different 1 (shape). They help people do many things, and they are becoming more and more helpful. People 2 (start) to use robots about some hundred years ago. At first, robots only worked like clocks or watches and did the same things over and 3 again. They did simple jobs and never got bored. 4 modern robots are smarter. Some can solve problems by 5 (they) because their brains are computers. In London, there is 6 robot helping old people. The robot can cook for old people. It can also do things like cleaning the floor and making the bed. It is very 7 (help). In the future, robots will be able 8 (do) jobs such as looking after sick people in the hospital. Some scientists believe that this 9 (happen) in twenty years. And there will be much 10 (many) robots everywhere. 【答案】 1．shapes 2．started 3．over 4．But 5．themselves 6．a 7．helpful 8．to do 9．will happen 10．more 【导语】本文通过讲述机器人的外形特点、发展历程、当下应用情况以及未来的发展趋势，指出机器人的功能正变得越来越强大。 【详解】 1．句意：有些机器人长得像人类，有些像巨大的机械臂，还有一些可能有着不同的外形。形容词different后需接可数名词复数，shape的复数形式为shapes。 2．句意：大约几百年前，人们就开始使用机器人了。时间状语“about some hundred years ago”表示过去的时间，句子要使用一般过去时，start的过去式是started。 3．句意：一开始，机器人只会像钟表一样运转，反复做相同的事情。固定短语over and over again意为“反复、一再”。 4．句意：但现代机器人要更智能。前文讲述早期机器人只能完成简单重复的工作，后文说明现代机器人更聪慧，前后存在转折关系，句首首字母需要大写。 5．句意：有些机器人能够独自解决问题，因为它们的“大脑”是计算机。固定搭配by oneself表示“独自地”，此处指代复数的机器人，反身代词用themselves。 6．句意：在伦敦，有一款帮助老年人的机器人。此处是泛指一个机器人，robot是以辅音音素开头的单词，要用不定冠词a。 7．句意：它十分有用。副词very后面需要接形容词作表语，help对应的形容词形式是helpful，意为“有用的”。 8．句意：在未来，机器人将能够完成诸如在医院照顾病人这类工作。固定结构be able to do sth.表示“能够做某事”。 9．句意：一些科学家认为这会在二十年后发生。in twenty years是表将来的时间状语，从句需要用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原形”。 10．句意：并且未来各处会出现数量多得多的机器人。much可以用来修饰形容词比较级加强语气，many的比较级是more，意为“更多的”。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you know the story of the Wright brothers? They are famous for their great invention—the airplane. Orville and Wilbur Wright had a strong interest in flying from a very early age. They enjoyed 1 (watch) birds fly and always dreamed of 2 (soar) in the sky like them. The brothers started 3 (experiment) with flying machines in 1899. At first, they failed many times, but they never thought of 4 (give) up. They kept trying and learning from each mistake. Wilbur once said, “If you are looking 5 perfect results, you will never get anything done.” In 1903, the Wright brothers succeeded in 6 (make) the first powered flight. Their first flight only lasted 12 seconds, but it changed the world forever. They proved that humans could fly. The brothers continued 7 (improve) their design and made longer flights. The story of the Wright brothers teaches us an important lesson: never stop 8 (try). If you have a dream, work hard to achieve it. Remember, failure is not the opposite of success; it is part 9 success. So keep going, and you will be able to turn your dreams 10 reality. 【答案】 1．watching 2．soaring 3．to experiment/experimenting 4．giving 5．for 6．making 7．to improve/improving 8．trying 9．of 10．into 【导语】本文讲述莱特兄弟坚持钻研、实现人类动力飞行的故事，告诉我们不要放弃尝试，努力就能实现梦想。 【详解】 1．句意：他们喜欢观察鸟儿飞翔，总是梦想像鸟儿一样翱翔天空。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.，意为“喜欢做某事”，动词使用动名词形式。故填watching。 2．句意：他们喜欢观察鸟儿飞翔，总是梦想像鸟儿一样翱翔天空。介词of 后面需要接动名词作宾语。故填soaring。 3．句意：兄弟俩在1899年开始试验飞行器。固定搭配start to do sth./start doing sth.，两种形式都表示“开始做某事”。故填to experiment/experimenting。 4．句意：一开始，他们失败很多次，但是他们从没想过放弃。介词of后接动名词作宾语。故填giving。 5．句意：威尔伯曾经说：“如果你追求完美的结果，你将一事无成。”固定短语look for，表示“寻找；追求”，符合追求完美结果的语境。故填for。 6．句意：1903年，莱特兄弟成功完成首次动力飞行。固定搭配succeed in doing sth.，意为“成功做某事”。故填making。 7．句意：兄弟俩继续改进他们的设计，完成更长距离的飞行。固定搭配continue to do sth./continue doing sth.，均可表示“继续做某事”。故填to improve/improving。 8．句意：莱特兄弟的故事给我们重要启示：永远不要停止尝试。stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事”，贴合语境不要停下尝试。故填trying。 9．句意：记住，失败不是成功的对立面；它是成功的一部分。固定短语part of，表示“……的一部分”。故填of。 10．句意：所以坚持下去，你就能把梦想变为现实。固定短语turn...into reality，意为“把……变成现实”。故填into。 Passage 8 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或者括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 American Thomas Edison (1847—1931) was one of the greatest 1 (invent) in the world. He made over 2000 inventions in his life. The most famous one was the light bulb. Thomas Edison spent a long time making the light bulb. He tried over 1,600 different kinds of materials 2 (get) the right filament (灯丝) for the light bulb. He used things like the hair from 3 man’s beard (胡须). Some people didn’t think he could make 4 . However, finally he made the first practical light bulb 5 (success). Edison went to school 6 only three months. His teacher told him that he was so stupid 7 he couldn’t learn anything. But he kept 8 (study) with his 9 (mother) help. He learned everything he needed to know. When Edison worked on a new kind of battery, he tried out 8,000 ways in all. Then he said, “Well, at least we have found 8,000 things that don’t work!” This is the 10 (long) lasting light bulb in the world. The light has burned for 108 years in California, the USA．The light is still working today. 【答案】 1．inventors 2．to get 3．a 4．it 5．successfully 6．for 7．that 8．studying 9．mother’s 10．longest 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了发明家托马斯·爱迪生的生平，包括他的发明、制作灯泡的过程、短暂的上学经历、在母亲帮助下学习的情况等。 【详解】 1．句意：美国的托马斯·爱迪生（1847—1931）是世界上最伟大的发明家之一。根据“He made over 2000 inventions in his life”可知，他一生有2000多项发明，由此可判断他是发明家。“invent”是动词，意为“发明”，其名词形式“inventor”表示“发明家”，“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，需用“inventor”的复数形式“inventors”。故填inventors。 2．句意：为了获得适合灯泡的灯丝，他尝试了1600多种不同的材料。根据“Thomas Edison spent a long time making the light bulb”可知，爱迪生花了很长时间制作灯泡，尝试不同材料的目的就是得到合适的灯丝。此处用动词不定式表目的，“get”意为“获得，得到”，其不定式形式“to get”符合语境。故填to get。 3．句意：他用了像一个男人胡须上的毛发之类的东西。文章此处只是泛指“一个男人的胡须”，并非特指某个人，所以用不定冠词。“man”是以辅音音素开头的单词，不定冠词需用“a”。故填a。 4．句意：有些人认为他做不出来（灯泡）。根据前文“The most famous one was the light bulb”以及“Thomas Edison spent a long time making the light bulb”可知，爱迪生一直在努力制作灯泡，此处“有些人认为他做不出来”中的“做不出来”指的就是做不出前文提到的“灯泡”，为避免重复，用代词“it”指代“the light bulb”。故填it。 5．句意：然而，最终他成功地制作出了第一个实用的灯泡。根据后文内容可知，爱迪生确实做出了灯泡，此处需要一个副词来修饰动词“made”，表示“成功地制作”。“success”是名词，意为“成功”，其副词形式“successfully”表示“成功地”，符合语境。故填successfully。 6．句意：爱迪生只上了三个月学。根据“only three months”可知，此处是表示一段时间，“for + 时间段”是常用搭配，用于说明动作持续的时间，此处指“上学的时间持续了三个月”，所以用介词“for”。故填for。 7．句意：他的老师告诉他，他太笨了，什么都学不会。根据“so stupid”以及“he couldn’t learn anything”可知，此处是“so...that...”的句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。故填that。 8．句意：但在他母亲的帮助下，他坚持学习。根据“kept”可知，“keep doing sth”意为“坚持做某事”，所以此处需用“study”的动名词形式“studying”。故填studying。 9．句意：但在他母亲的帮助下，他坚持学习。根据“help”可知，此处需要用名词所有格来表示“……的帮助”，“mother”的名词所有格形式“mother’s”，“with one’s help”意为“在某人的帮助下”，符合语境。故填mother’s。 10． 句意：这是世界上使用寿命最长的灯泡。根据“in the world”可知，此处是在世界范围内进行比较，需用形容词的最高级形式。“long”的最高级形式“longest”，“the longest lasting”表示“使用寿命最长的”。故填longest。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 Man has invented many interesting things. They’ve changed your lives a lot. The followings are four of the most interesting 1 (invent) in history. The Montgolfier brothers 2 (launch) the first hot air balloon in 1782. It was made of paper. Today hot air balloons are made of cloth or rubber instead 3 paper. They are used to help people travel. The 4 (one) contact lenses(隐形眼镜) were made of heavy dark glass. Then, in 1948, Kevin Tuohy made a breakthrough in contact lenses, but his contact lenses were still thick and hard. In the 1970s, 5 (scientist) created the soft plastic contact lenses that many people wear today. In 1845, Stephen Perry made the first rubber band(橡皮筋). Rubber bands are made of 6 special kind of rubber. They are really 7 (practice). The first remote control wasn’t so convenient. It 8 (have) a long wire connected to the television. People tripped over the wire, 9 no one liked the remote control. In 1955, Eugene Polley invented a wireless remote control. It used light 10 (control)the television. It didn’t work well on sunny days,but it made people’s lives easier. 【答案】 1．inventions 2．launched 3．of 4．first 5．scientists 6．a 7．practical 8．had 9．so 10．to control 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了历史上有趣的四种发明。 【详解】 1．句意：以下是四个在历史上最有名的发明。根据“the most interesting”可知，形容词修饰名词，空处需要填填写名词，根据four可知，要填写名词复数，结合所给单词invent，inventions“发明”，名词，故填inventions。 2．句意：蒙哥菲兄弟在1782年发射了第一个热气球。根据“in 1782”可知，该句时态是一般过去时，空处填写动词过去式，结合所给单词，launched“发射”，故填launched。 3．句意：今天，热气球是由布或橡胶代替纸制成的。根据“instead”可知，instead of“替代”，故填of。 4．句意：第一副隐形眼镜由厚重的深色玻璃制成。根据“The”可知，空处填写序数词，结合所给单词可知，first“第一个”，故填first。 5．句意：在1970年代，科学家们创造了今天许多人佩戴的软塑料隐形眼镜。结合所给单词scientist“科学家”，空处填写名词复数表示泛指，同时做主语，故填scientists。 6．句意：橡皮筋由一种特殊种类的橡胶制成。kind“种类”可数名词单数，表示“一种”，空前使用不定冠词a。故填a。 7．句意：它们真的很实用。空处缺少形容词作句子的表语，结合所给单词，practical“实用的”，形容词，故填practical。 8．句意：它有一根长线连接到电视。根据“The first remote control wasn’t so convenient.”可知，介绍第一个遥控器应该使用一般过去时，空处使用过去式，故填had。 9．句意：人们被电线绊倒，因此没有人喜欢遥控器。因为被电线绊倒，所以不喜欢遥控器，前后两句是因果关系，前因后果，空处填写so“因此”，故填so。 10．句意：他用光控制电视。use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”，结合所给单词，故填to control。 Passage 2 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever heard of Easton LaChappelle? He is a young 1 (invent) from the United States. When he was fourteen, he visited a science fair and met a girl 2 (call) Jenny. She was born 3 her right arm, so she needed an artificial one. Her artificial arm cost $80,000, and many children like her could not afford it. This gave Easton a great idea. He wanted to make a cheaper arm so that more children could use it. Easton started 4 (work) on a robotic arm. He made his first arm with plastic blocks and fishing line. At sixteen, he built a new arm that could move with brain signals. 5 (lucky), it was too heavy and cost too much. 6 he did not give up. By twenty-three, he had created a much better arm. It weighed only 0.5 kilograms and cost about $500. He decided to post his design online for free, so that anyone with a 3-D printer could make one. Easton’s story shows the 7 (curious) of great inventors. Like Zhang Heng, who was curious about the world, and Benjamin Franklin, who studied lightning, they never stop 8 (ask) questions. They believe their ideas can 9 (success) change people’s lives. 10 greatest inventions all start with a simple question and the courage to make it happen. As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” 【答案】 1．inventor 2．called 3．without 4．working/to work 5．Unluckily 6．But 7．curiosity 8．asking 9．successfully 10．The 【导语】本文讲述了Easton LaChappelle从14岁开始，通过不断改进3D打印假肢，最终为残疾儿童制作出轻便、廉价的假肢，彰显发明家的好奇心与逐梦精神。 【详解】 1．句意：他是一位来自美国的年轻发明家。结合提示词以及“He is a”可知，他是一位发明家，应用单数名词inventor“发明家”。 2．句意：当他十四岁的时候，他参观了一个科学展览会，遇到了一个叫Jenny的女孩。此处应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词girl，表示“名叫Jenny的女孩”，应用called。 3．句意：她生来就没有右臂，所以她需要一只假肢。后半句“she needed an artificial one”表明，她天生没有右臂，应用介词without“没有”。 4．句意：Easton开始研究机械臂。start doing/to do sth“开始做某事”，动词短语，故填working/to work。 5．句意：不幸的是，它太重，太贵了。结合提示词以及“it was too heavy and cost too much”可知，这是不幸的事情，应用副词unluckily“不幸地”修饰整个句子，位于句首，首字母要大写。 6．句意：但是他没有放弃。前后句之间是转折关系，此处应用连词but“但是”，表示转折，位于句首，首字母要大写。 7．句意：Easton的故事显示了伟大发明家的好奇心。定冠词the后面要接名词，括号内的形容词curious要变为名词curiosity“好奇心”，作动词shows的宾语。 8．句意：像对世界充满好奇的张衡，研究闪电的Benjamin Franklin，他们从来没有停止过提问。此处指他们永远不会停止提问，stop doing sth“停止正在做的事”，固定搭配，故填asking。 9．句意：他们相信他们的想法可以成功地改变人们的生活。此处要修饰动词change，需要用副词，所以把名词success变为副词successfully“成功地”。 10．句意：最伟大的发明都始于一个简单的问题和实现它的勇气。形容词最高级greatest前面必须加定冠词the，位于句首，首字母要大写。 Passage 3 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 The Story of Henry Ford’s V8 Engine Henry Ford, the famous car maker, once had a 1 (great) idea than ever before: he wanted to build a new kind of engine (发动机) called the V8. He decided that they should make all eight cylinders (气缸) of the engine in one single block (整体). He asked his team of 2 (engineer) to design it. 3 the engineers drew the design (设计) on paper, they all thought it was impossible 4 (make) the whole eight-cylinder block as one piece. But Ford said firmly (坚定地), “Make it anyway.” The engineers replied, “But that’s impossible!” Ford didn’t change his mind. He told them, “Keep working. Don’t stop until you 5 (success)—no matter how long it takes.” Six months went by, and they still hadn’t succeeded. Another six months passed—still no progress. The engineers tried everything they could think of, but 6 task seemed too hard. The engineers reported to Ford again: “We still can’t do it.” At the end of the year, Ford didn’t give up. He said, “Keep going. I want this engine, and I know we can make it.” So the engineers kept 7 (try). Then, as if by magic, they 8 (final) found the solution (解决方法). Ford’s strong will had made the impossible possible! This story 9 already ________ (teach) us that nothing is impossible as long as we stick 10 it. With enough courage and hard work, miracles (奇迹) can happen. 【答案】 1．greater 2．engineers 3．After 4．to make 5．succeed 6．the 7．trying 8．finally 9．has; taught 10．to 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了亨利·福特坚持让工程师们研发V8发动机，最终将不可能变成可能的故事，告诉我们只要坚持不懈，奇迹就会发生。 【详解】 1．句意：著名的汽车制造商亨利·福特曾经有了一个比以往任何时候都更伟大的想法：他想制造一种名为V8的新型发动机。此处需要形容词修饰名词idea，根据空后的than可知，此处应填形容词的比较级形式。故great的比较级为greater。 2．句意：他要求他的工程师团队来设计它。engineer为可数名词，根据前面的“his team of”可知，此处表示复数意义，应填名词复数形式engineers。 3．句意：在工程师们在纸上画出设计图后，他们都认为将整个八缸缸体做成一个整体是不可能的。分析句子结构可知，前后两个分句存在时间上的先后关系，表示“在……之后”，应用after，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 4．句意：在工程师们在纸上画出设计图后，他们都认为将整个八缸缸体做成一个整体是不可能的。此处考查句型“it is + adj. + to do sth.”，意为“做某事是……的”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to make。 5．句意：不要停下来，直到你们成功——不管花多长时间。分析句子结构可知，此处在until引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，主语是you，应用动词原形。success的动词形式为succeed。 6．句意：工程师们尝试了他们能想到的所有办法，但这项任务似乎太难了。此处特指前文提到的制造V8发动机这项任务，应用定冠词the表示特指。 7．句意：所以工程师们继续尝试。keep doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“坚持做某事/继续做某事”，此处应填动名词形式trying。 8．句意：然后，就像变魔术一样，他们最终找到了解决方法。此处修饰动词found，应用副词形式。final的副词形式为finally。 9．句意：这个故事已经告诉我们，只要我们坚持下去，没有什么是不可能的。根据句中的标志词already可知，此处应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语This story为第三人称单数，助动词用has，teach的过去分词为taught。 10．句意：这个故事已经告诉我们，只要我们坚持下去，没有什么是不可能的。stick to为固定搭配，意为“坚持”，此处应填介词to。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Dujiangyan is one of the most amazing ancient projects in China. It 1 (build) on the Min River in Chengdu 2,200 years ago. It is not just a water project, but also 2 symbol of ancient Chinese wisdom. In the past, the Min River brought endless trouble 3 local villagers. In summer, heavy rains made the river rise much 4 (high) than usual. It caused terrible floods. In dry seasons, there was not enough water for farming, 5 people often didn’t have enough food. Later, Li Bing, a great engineer, came to solve this problem with 6 (he) son. They designed a “fish mouth” dam 7 (make) the water run into two parts. One part went to farmland and the other 8 (carry) the rest flood water away. This amazing project worked perfectly. It stopped floods and provided enough water for those 9 (field) along the river all year round. Soon, Chengdu became a rich “land of plenty”. Dujiangyan was listed as a World Cultural Heritage in November, 2000. It 10 (full) shows how ancient Chinese people make good use of natural resources. Today, Dujiangyan still serves over 5 million people. 【答案】 1．was built 2．a 3．to 4．higher 5．so 6．his 7．to make 8．carried 9．fields 10．fully 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代最令人惊叹的工程之一——都江堰的历史背景、建造原理及其深远影响。 【详解】 1．句意：它于2200年前在成都的岷江上被建造。分析句子结构可知，主语It（指代都江堰）与动词build之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“2,200 years ago”可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词），主语It是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was built。 2．句意：它不仅是一个水利工程，也是中国古代智慧的象征。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一个象征”，symbol是可数名词单数，且其发音以辅音音素开头，应使用不定冠词a。 3．句意：在过去，岷江给当地村民带来了无尽的麻烦。bring sth. to sb.意为“给某人带来某物”，此处表示给村民带来麻烦，应使用介词to。 4．句意：在夏天，暴雨使得河水上涨得比平时高得多。根据空后的“than”可知，此处应使用比较级；much修饰比较级，high的比较级为higher。 5．句意：在旱季，没有足够的水用于农业，因此人们经常没有足够的食物。分析句子结构可知，前半句“没有足够的水”与后半句“没有足够的食物”之间是因果关系，前因后果，应使用并列连词so连接。 6．句意：后来，伟大的工程师李冰和他的儿子来解决这个问题。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词son，应使用形容词性物主代词表示“他的”。he的形容词性物主代词为his。 7．句意：他们设计了一个“鱼嘴”大坝来使水流分成两部分。分析句子结构可知，此处表示设计大坝的目的，应使用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 8．句意：一部分水流向农田，另一部分把剩余的洪水带走。分析句子结构可知，and连接两个并列的谓语动词，根据前面的“went”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。carry的过去式为carried。 9．句意：它阻止了洪水，并常年为沿河的那些农田提供足够的水。分析句子结构可知，空前有指示代词those修饰，应使用可数名词的复数形式。field的复数形式为fields。 10．句意：它充分展示了中国古代人民是如何善用自然资源的。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中修饰谓语动词shows，应使用副词形式。full的副词形式为fully。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据语境、或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的词。要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Over 2,000 years ago, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) came into being. It’s an ancient medical system in China to treat many different 1 (ill). Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is 2 (slow) stepping into this field and is widely used as a “super helper” in modern hospitals. AI brings great benefits to herbal medicine. In the past, it was hard for people to control the right temperature and time when they 3 (boil) herbs. However, AI machines can now read 4 (doctor) notes correctly and boil herbs perfectly by 5 (they), bringing great convenience to patients. AI also plays a major role in tongue (舌头) checking. With 6 app called “Wang She WenShan (望舌问膳)”, users can take a tongue photo and receive a health report within two minutes. At the same time, it 7 (provide) users with personalized (个性化的) diet advice according to the report. People who try it are highly satisfied with its 8 (amaze) speed and convenience. What’s more, AI robots are helping with moxibustion (艾灸). For doctors, they are one of the most useful inventions 9 they can find acupoints (穴位) quickly and work well for a long time. Although AI is very useful, it cannot do all the jobs instead 10 human doctors. It still faces many challenges. As technology continues to develop, it will surely help bring TCM to more people around the world. 【答案】 1．illnesses 2．slowly 3．boiled 4．doctors’ 5．themselves 6．an 7．provides 8．amazing 9．because 10．of 【导语】本文介绍人工智能逐步融入中医领域，从煎药、舌诊、艾灸等方面展现AI给传统中医带来的便利，同时点明AI无法完全取代人类医师，展望科技助力中医走向世界。 【详解】741．句意：它是中国古老医疗体系，用于治疗多种不同疾病。空格前是“many different”，修饰可数名词复数，ill的名词形式是illness，复数为illnesses，表示“多种不同的疾病”。 1．句意：如今人工智能正慢慢踏入这个领域，在现代医院被广泛用作“超级助手”。此处修饰动词短语“stepping into”，需用副词。slow的副词形式是slowly，表示“缓慢地”。 2．句意：过去人们煎药时很难把控合适的温度与时长。根据时间状语“In the past”可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。boil的过去式是boiled。 3．句意：然而现在AI设备能准确读懂医生的诊疗记录，并能独自完美煎药，给患者带来极大便利。此处表示“医生的笔记”，需用名词所有格。doctor是可数名词，泛指多位医生，用复数doctors，再加所有格符号-’，即 doctors’。 4．句意：然而现在AI设备能准确读懂医生的诊疗记录，并能独自完美煎药，给患者带来极大便利。by oneself是固定搭配，意为“独自、单独”。主语AI machines是复数，反身代词用themselves。 5．句意：借助一个名为“望舌问膳”的应用程序，用户可以在两分钟内拍摄舌象照片并收到健康报告。app是可数名词单数，此处表泛指“一个应用程序”，且app以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。 6．句意：同时它会根据报告为用户提供个性化饮食建议。主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。provide sb. with sth.是固定搭配，意为“为某人提供某物”。 7．句意：体验过的人们都对它惊人的速度与便捷度高度满意。修饰名词“speed and convenience”，应用形容词。修饰事物用-ing形容词；amaze变为amazing，意为 “令人惊叹的”。 8．句意：对医生而言，它们是最实用的发明之一，因为它们能快速定位穴位并长时间稳定运作。前半句 “它们是最实用的发明之一”，后半句 “它们能快速找到穴位、长时间稳定工作”。 后半句是前半句的原因，用连词because 引导原因状语从句。 9．句意：尽管AI十分实用，但它不能完全取代人类医生完成所有工作。instead of是固定短语，意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词或动名词。 Passage 6 （2026·四川广元·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Winding through the remains of a centuries-old watchtower, a four-legged robot checked the “health” of the ancient structure at Shanhaiguan Pass. With smart sensors (传感器) and cameras, the robot can 1 (exact) find problems such as cracks and missing bricks and report them to related departments in real-time. “The robot can take the place of humans 2 (perform) dangerous and difficult examinations, improving both the speed 3 quality of the Great Wall protection,” says Liu Liang, head of a research team from the Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration. Carefully 4 (check) the walls is the first step in the Great Wall protection. Zhang Peng, 38, is among the 5 (pioneer) who started using drones (无人机) in 2017 as part of regular checks over the walls. “Drones can help monitor (监测) walls that are 6 (possible) for humans to reach,” Zhang says. In recent years, China 7 (put) in a lot of effort to protect the Great Wall through the use of cutting-edge technologies. These technologies make the Great Wall stronger. At the same time, they work as a bridge connecting people 8 the Wall and raising public awareness of its protection. “We hope such application can inspire young 9 (people) love for the Great Wall and develop 10 stronger sense of responsibility for its future protection,” says Zhang. 【答案】 1．exactly 2．to perform 3．and 4．Checking 5．pioneers 6．impossible 7．has put 8．with 9．people’s 10．a 【导语】本文介绍科技在长城保护中的应用，包括四足机器人和无人机对长城的监测与检查。 【详解】 1．句意：这款机器人搭载智能传感器与摄像头，能够精准发现墙体裂缝、砖块脱落等破损问题，并实时上报给相关部门。空格处修饰动词“find”，需用副词作状语，表示“精确地”，exact的副词形式是exactly。 2．句意：该机器人可以替代人工开展高危、高难度巡检工作，同步提升长城保护工作的效率与质量。“take the place of sb. to do sth.”意为“代替某人去做某事”，后接动词不定式作目的状语，故填to perform。 3．句意：河北省地质矿产勘查研究院课题组负责人刘亮表示：“该机器人可以替代人工开展高危、高难度巡检工作，同步提升长城保护工作的效率与质量。”空格连接“speed”和“quality”，表示两者都提高，需用并列连词and。 4．句意：细致巡查墙体是长城保护工作的首要环节。空格处在句中作主语，表示“检查”这一行为，需用动名词形式；位于句首，需首字母大写，故用Checking。 5．句意：38 岁的张鹏是先行者之一，他们早在 2017 年就启用无人机开展长城常态化巡检。“among the+可数名词复数”是固定搭配，pioneer的复数形式是pioneers。 6．句意：张鹏说：“无人机可以协助巡查人类难以抵达的城墙地段。”空格前“are”后需用形容词作表语；根据句意，表示“不可能的”，possible加否定前缀im-变为impossible。 7．句意：近些年，我国大量运用前沿科技，投入诸多力量开展长城保护工作。时间状语“In recent years”是现在完成时的标志，表示从过去持续到现在的动作；主语“China”是单数，put的现在完成时形式为has put。 8．句意：与此同时，这些先进技术搭建起大众与长城之间的桥梁，提升民众的长城保护意识。空格表示“连接……与……”，需用介词with，“connect...with...”为固定搭配。 9．句意：张鹏说道：“我们希望这类技术应用能够唤起年轻人对长城的热爱，让他们树立更强的长城长效保护责任感。”空格后“love”需用名词所有格作定语，表示“年轻人的”，people的复数所有格形式是people’s。 10．句意：张鹏说道：“我们希望这类技术应用能够唤起年轻人对长城的热爱，让他们树立更强的长城长效保护责任感。”“sense”为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一种”，且stronger是辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。 Passage 7 （2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）根据下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1,000 years in China. There are different 1 (story) about the invention of the umbrella in China. The most popular one has something to do with Lu Ban. It’s said that once he and his wife visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. His wife said, “Let’s have 2 competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, the one who comes up 3 a good way to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the winner.” Lu Ban 4 (think) it was easy. He collected some tools and materials. Then he spent the whole night 5 (build) pavilions (亭子) around the lake. He was quite proud of his work. The next morning, 6 Lu Ban talked about his achievements and felt proud, his wife held something unusual in her hand. It could be opened into a round shape. Lu Ban was 7 (surprise). He found that the object, made of silk and bamboo, could be opened and closed 8 (easy). It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said, “You win. Your invention can protect us from rain better.” So the umbrella 9 (invent). Later, people began to use paper, which was 10 (cheap) than silk. To make the umbrella water-proof, people brushed a kind of oil on the surface. So the oil-paper umbrella appeared. 【答案】 1．stories 2．a 3．with 4．thought 5．building 6．when 7．surprised 8．easily 9．was invented 10．cheaper 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了鲁班和妻子发明雨伞的典故。 【详解】 1．句意：关于雨伞的发明，中国有不同的故事。story“故事”，可数名词，被different修饰，用其复数形式。故填stories。 2．句意：我们来比赛吧。competition是可数名词单数，且以辅音音素发音开头，其前应加不定冠词a。have a competition“比赛”。故填a。 3．句意：明天日出之前，谁能想出一个雨天也能游西湖的好办法，谁就是赢家。come up with“想出”，动词短语。故填with。 4．句意：鲁班认为这很容易。think“认为”，动词。时态是一般过去时，谓语动词用其过去式。故填thought。 5．句意：然后他花了一整晚在湖边建造亭子。build“建造”，动词。spend some time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填building。 6．句意：第二天早晨，鲁班谈起自己的功绩，得意洋洋，他的妻子手里拿着一件不寻常的东西。此处缺少连词，指当鲁班谈到自己建造的亭子时，妻子手里拿着一件不寻常的东西。when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故填when。 7．句意：鲁班很惊讶。surprise“使惊讶”，动词。此处应用其形容词surprised“惊讶的”，作表语，修饰人。故填surprised。 8．句意：他发现这个由丝绸和竹子制成的东西可以很容易地打开和关闭。easy“容易的”，形容词。此处应用其副词easily，修饰动词。故填easily。 9．句意：于是伞被发明了。invent“发明”，动词。此处指雨伞被发明，应为被动语态。时态是一般过去时，应为一般过去时的被动语态。主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was invented。 10．句意：后来，人们开始使用比丝绸便宜的纸。cheap“便宜的”，形容词。根据“than”可知，此处用其比较级。故填cheaper。 Passage 8 （2026·广东深圳·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some giant “soft pillows (枕头)” have recently appeared across Shenzhen, drawing wide public attention. People are curious about what they are. In fact, these “pillows” 1 (use) at construction sites (建筑工地) to reduce noise and dust. One of the 2 (large) air-supported pillows has been built in Shenzhen’s Chegongmiao area, covering over 12, 000 square meters. It is made of special materials, 3 it can stand strong winds and heavy rain. With cooling and smart monitoring systems, workers can work inside it 4 (safe). Many people are surprised 5 (see) such a huge structure in a busy city and impressed by its practical use. In the past few months, it 6 (protect) nearby offices and communities from construction troubles effectively. What’s more, these “pillows” are reusable and easy to remove, producing no construction waste. With cleaner air and less noise, they provide a greener way to build 7 (city). They show how Shenzhen develops rapidly while still paying attention 8 environmental protection and people’s well-being. Shenzhen is truly 9 innovative and people-friendly city. 10 (it) valuable development experience is worth learning from. 【答案】 1．are used 2．largest 3．so 4．safely 5．to see 6．has protected 7．cities 8．to 9．an 10．Its 【导语】本文主要讲述了深圳建筑工地出现的一种巨大的“软枕头”（充气膜结构），它能有效减少施工带来的噪音和灰尘，体现了深圳在快速发展中对环保和民生的关注。 【详解】 1．句意：事实上，这些“枕头”被用于建筑工地以减少噪音和灰尘。主语these “pillows”与动词use之间是被动关系，且此处陈述的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为复数，be动词用are，故填are used。 2．句意：最大的充气枕头之一已经建在深圳的车公庙地区，占地超过12000平方米。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”是固定句型，意为“最……的……之一”。故用largest。 3．句意：它由特殊材料制成，因此它能抵御强风和暴雨。前半句“它由特殊材料制成”是原因，后半句“它能抵御强风和暴雨”是结果，前后为因果关系，应用连词so连接。 4．句意：配备降温与智能监控系统后，工作人员可在内部安全作业。设空处修饰动词work，应用副词形式safely。 5．句意：许多人惊讶于在一个繁忙的城市里看到如此巨大的建筑，并对其极具实用性印象深刻。“be surprised to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“对做某事感到惊讶”，设空处应用动词不定式to see。 6．句意：在过去的几个月里，它有效地保护了附近的办公室和社区免受施工带来的麻烦。根据时间状语“In the past few months”可知，句子应用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）。主语it是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has protected。 7．句意：伴随着更清新的空气和更少的噪音，它们提供了一种更环保的建设城市的方式。city是可数名词，此处泛指城市，且前面没有限定词，应用其复数形式cities。 8．句意：它们展示了深圳如何在快速发展的同时，仍然关注环境保护和人民福祉。“pay attention to”是固定搭配，意为“注意；关注”，其中to是介词。 9．句意：深圳确实是一个创新且宜居的城市。此处泛指“一个”创新且宜居的城市，应用不定冠词。innovative以元音音素开头，其前应用an。 10．句意：它宝贵的发展经验值得学习。设空处修饰后面的名词短语“valuable development experience”，应用形容词性物主代词its，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Inventions 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——发明与创造） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或者括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Compass (指南针) It was a great gift to the world from ancient China. 1 people invented the compass, sailors had to depend on the stars to find direction. But after people invented it, the seas were open to travel. Also, people used the compass to discover many new 2 (place). Gunpowder (火药) It was a great 3 (invent) in ancient China. The correct way of making gunpowder was probably discovered in the 4 (nine) century. At first, it was used for making fireworks. 5 the end of the Tang Dynasty, people began to use it in wars. Paper-making During the Western Han Dynasty, paper was made in some places in China. Cai Lun developed it in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He 6 (make) writing much easier than before with the help of paper. Before it was invented, the ancient Chinese used animal bones (骨头) and stones 7 (write) characters (文字). They also wrote 8 (they) on bamboo and wooden sticks. Printing (印刷术) In the Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng carved (雕刻) characters on pieces of clay (陶土) and wood. Then he put ink on them. After the characters were printed on paper, the pieces of clay or wood could be used again. It was 9 good way at that time. This technology spread 10 (quick) to Korea, Japan and Europe. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。 There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put it in the bathroom. 1 it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess 2 it is? Yes, it’s the toothbrush. But do you know anything about its history? According to some research, before toothbrushes 3 (appear), the ancient Chinese people cleaned their teeth with some small tree branches. About 800 years ago, people made a kind of brush with pig hair and bamboo. It might be the world’s 4 (early) form of toothbrushes. As time went by, the forms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of (代替) pig hair 5 pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back to ancient times and brush your teeth 6 (comfortable). It 7 (sound) fantastic, doesn’t it? Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found 8 (it) way into Europe. It became popular among local people soon. The 9 (invent) of toothbrushes was not well-known, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good habit of 10 (brush) teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处按要求填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。每空1个单词。 In our daily lives, we see many modern 1 (invent). The smartphone is applied in our lives now. It can do many things like surfing 2 (冠词) Internet, taking photos, and even playing games. The e-reader is great for book lovers. It holds 3 (thousand) of books and is easy to carry. The 3-D printer is another 4 (imagine) invention. It can create objects from a computer design 5 (quick). Drones are fun to fly and useful for taking photos from the sky. Virtual reality (VR) glasses let you 6 (feel) like you’re in another world. Self-driving cars are being tested. They use sensors to avoid (避免) accidents. Smart homes are also popular. They let you control lights, heat 7 (连词) security with your phone to make your home more comfortable. These inventions make our lives better. They make things 8 (easy) and more enjoyable. Who knows what other new inventions we’ll see in the future? Stay curious and keep learning. The world of inventions is filled 9 (介词) surprises. 10 (Congratulate) to these great inventors! You might even invent something amazing! Remember, every great invention starts with a small idea. Passage 4 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 In the past ten years, great progress has been made in technology. It seems like everything has been reinvented (改造) and greatly improved. However, here is one thing unlike them. It was invented over 100 years ago 1 remained unchanged until now. I’m talking about the blind walking stick. The white stick has been used by many blind people for 2 long time. However, it has seen no real improvement until a blind engineer named Kursat decided to make a 3 (different). He invented a smart stick called WeWalk. He hoped his 4 (invent) would help the blind. The smart stick uses built-in speakers and different sensors (传感器) 5 (warn) about possible dangers. It helps blind people in navigating (导航) around their environment using modern technology, which makes their travel much 6 (easy). The price of the stick is around 800 dollars. Most people can afford it. This invention is going to change life a lot for the blind. Kursat understands the difficulties and challenges that the blind face well. That’s because he is blind 7 (he). He decided to put his technical knowledge into inventing something that would not only change his life, but also the life of many others. “These days, we are talking about flying cars. But the blind have been using just a simple stick. 8 a blind person, when I am at the metro station, I 9 (know) which is my exit, which bus is coming or which stores are around me. Now, that kind of information can be provided by the WeWalk,” he said. “I believe the life of the blind 10 (be) much easier and safer.” Passage 5 Do you know Laszlo Biro? Maybe you do not, but you probably use his invention every day, and you may even have it in your hand right now! Biro (1899—1985) was the 1 (invent) of the ballpoint pen. He was born in Budapest, Hungary. In the 1930s, when he worked 2 a newspaper editor, he 3 (use) a fountain pen almost every day. However, he 4 (have) to refill it all the time. The ink also did not dry 5 (easy), and it sometimes made a mess on the paper. Biro wanted a 6 (good) pen. His brother, George, helped him develop a special ink. The ink dried quickly. Then they developed a new type 7 pen. There was a tiny ball at the tip of the pen. The ball rolled ink onto paper as it moved. They called it the “ballpoint” pen. The ballpoint pen was a great 8 (succeed). Everyone loved it. Now 9 (million) of people use it anywhere in the world every day. People will always remember Biro for his invention. Today in many English-speaking countries, people still use the word “biro” to refer 10 any kind of ballpoint pen. Passage 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We can often see robots in the movies now. Some robots may look like people, some look like huge arms, and others may be in different 1 (shape). They help people do many things, and they are becoming more and more helpful. People 2 (start) to use robots about some hundred years ago. At first, robots only worked like clocks or watches and did the same things over and 3 again. They did simple jobs and never got bored. 4 modern robots are smarter. Some can solve problems by 5 (they) because their brains are computers. In London, there is 6 robot helping old people. The robot can cook for old people. It can also do things like cleaning the floor and making the bed. It is very 7 (help). In the future, robots will be able 8 (do) jobs such as looking after sick people in the hospital. Some scientists believe that this 9 (happen) in twenty years. And there will be much 10 (many) robots everywhere. Passage 7 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you know the story of the Wright brothers? They are famous for their great invention—the airplane. Orville and Wilbur Wright had a strong interest in flying from a very early age. They enjoyed 1 (watch) birds fly and always dreamed of 2 (soar) in the sky like them. The brothers started 3 (experiment) with flying machines in 1899. At first, they failed many times, but they never thought of 4 (give) up. They kept trying and learning from each mistake. Wilbur once said, “If you are looking 5 perfect results, you will never get anything done.” In 1903, the Wright brothers succeeded in 6 (make) the first powered flight. Their first flight only lasted 12 seconds, but it changed the world forever. They proved that humans could fly. The brothers continued 7 (improve) their design and made longer flights. The story of the Wright brothers teaches us an important lesson: never stop 8 (try). If you have a dream, work hard to achieve it. Remember, failure is not the opposite of success; it is part 9 success. So keep going, and you will be able to turn your dreams 10 reality. Passage 8 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或者括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 American Thomas Edison (1847—1931) was one of the greatest 1 (invent) in the world. He made over 2000 inventions in his life. The most famous one was the light bulb. Thomas Edison spent a long time making the light bulb. He tried over 1,600 different kinds of materials 2 (get) the right filament (灯丝) for the light bulb. He used things like the hair from 3 man’s beard (胡须). Some people didn’t think he could make 4 . However, finally he made the first practical light bulb 5 (success). Edison went to school 6 only three months. His teacher told him that he was so stupid 7 he couldn’t learn anything. But he kept 8 (study) with his 9 (mother) help. He learned everything he needed to know. When Edison worked on a new kind of battery, he tried out 8,000 ways in all. Then he said, “Well, at least we have found 8,000 things that don’t work!” This is the 10 (long) lasting light bulb in the world. The light has burned for 108 years in California, the USA．The light is still working today. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 Man has invented many interesting things. They’ve changed your lives a lot. The followings are four of the most interesting 1 (invent) in history. The Montgolfier brothers 2 (launch) the first hot air balloon in 1782. It was made of paper. Today hot air balloons are made of cloth or rubber instead 3 paper. They are used to help people travel. The 4 (one) contact lenses(隐形眼镜) were made of heavy dark glass. Then, in 1948, Kevin Tuohy made a breakthrough in contact lenses, but his contact lenses were still thick and hard. In the 1970s, 5 (scientist) created the soft plastic contact lenses that many people wear today. In 1845, Stephen Perry made the first rubber band(橡皮筋). Rubber bands are made of 6 special kind of rubber. They are really 7 (practice). The first remote control wasn’t so convenient. It 8 (have) a long wire connected to the television. People tripped over the wire, 9 no one liked the remote control. In 1955, Eugene Polley invented a wireless remote control. It used light 10 (control)the television. It didn’t work well on sunny days,but it made people’s lives easier. Passage 2 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever heard of Easton LaChappelle? He is a young 1 (invent) from the United States. When he was fourteen, he visited a science fair and met a girl 2 (call) Jenny. She was born 3 her right arm, so she needed an artificial one. Her artificial arm cost $80,000, and many children like her could not afford it. This gave Easton a great idea. He wanted to make a cheaper arm so that more children could use it. Easton started 4 (work) on a robotic arm. He made his first arm with plastic blocks and fishing line. At sixteen, he built a new arm that could move with brain signals. 5 (lucky), it was too heavy and cost too much. 6 he did not give up. By twenty-three, he had created a much better arm. It weighed only 0.5 kilograms and cost about $500. He decided to post his design online for free, so that anyone with a 3-D printer could make one. Easton’s story shows the 7 (curious) of great inventors. Like Zhang Heng, who was curious about the world, and Benjamin Franklin, who studied lightning, they never stop 8 (ask) questions. They believe their ideas can 9 (success) change people’s lives. 10 greatest inventions all start with a simple question and the courage to make it happen. As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Passage 3 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 The Story of Henry Ford’s V8 Engine Henry Ford, the famous car maker, once had a 1 (great) idea than ever before: he wanted to build a new kind of engine (发动机) called the V8. He decided that they should make all eight cylinders (气缸) of the engine in one single block (整体). He asked his team of 2 (engineer) to design it. 3 the engineers drew the design (设计) on paper, they all thought it was impossible 4 (make) the whole eight-cylinder block as one piece. But Ford said firmly (坚定地), “Make it anyway.” The engineers replied, “But that’s impossible!” Ford didn’t change his mind. He told them, “Keep working. Don’t stop until you 5 (success)—no matter how long it takes.” Six months went by, and they still hadn’t succeeded. Another six months passed—still no progress. The engineers tried everything they could think of, but 6 task seemed too hard. The engineers reported to Ford again: “We still can’t do it.” At the end of the year, Ford didn’t give up. He said, “Keep going. I want this engine, and I know we can make it.” So the engineers kept 7 (try). Then, as if by magic, they 8 (final) found the solution (解决方法). Ford’s strong will had made the impossible possible! This story 9 already ________ (teach) us that nothing is impossible as long as we stick 10 it. With enough courage and hard work, miracles (奇迹) can happen. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Dujiangyan is one of the most amazing ancient projects in China. It 1 (build) on the Min River in Chengdu 2,200 years ago. It is not just a water project, but also 2 symbol of ancient Chinese wisdom. In the past, the Min River brought endless trouble 3 local villagers. In summer, heavy rains made the river rise much 4 (high) than usual. It caused terrible floods. In dry seasons, there was not enough water for farming, 5 people often didn’t have enough food. Later, Li Bing, a great engineer, came to solve this problem with 6 (he) son. They designed a “fish mouth” dam 7 (make) the water run into two parts. One part went to farmland and the other 8 (carry) the rest flood water away. This amazing project worked perfectly. It stopped floods and provided enough water for those 9 (field) along the river all year round. Soon, Chengdu became a rich “land of plenty”. Dujiangyan was listed as a World Cultural Heritage in November, 2000. It 10 (full) shows how ancient Chinese people make good use of natural resources. Today, Dujiangyan still serves over 5 million people. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据语境、或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的词。要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Over 2,000 years ago, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) came into being. It’s an ancient medical system in China to treat many different 1 (ill). Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is 2 (slow) stepping into this field and is widely used as a “super helper” in modern hospitals. AI brings great benefits to herbal medicine. In the past, it was hard for people to control the right temperature and time when they 3 (boil) herbs. However, AI machines can now read 4 (doctor) notes correctly and boil herbs perfectly by 5 (they), bringing great convenience to patients. AI also plays a major role in tongue (舌头) checking. With 6 app called “Wang She WenShan (望舌问膳)”, users can take a tongue photo and receive a health report within two minutes. At the same time, it 7 (provide) users with personalized (个性化的) diet advice according to the report. People who try it are highly satisfied with its 8 (amaze) speed and convenience. What’s more, AI robots are helping with moxibustion (艾灸). For doctors, they are one of the most useful inventions 9 they can find acupoints (穴位) quickly and work well for a long time. Although AI is very useful, it cannot do all the jobs instead 10 human doctors. It still faces many challenges. As technology continues to develop, it will surely help bring TCM to more people around the world. Passage 6 （2026·四川广元·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Winding through the remains of a centuries-old watchtower, a four-legged robot checked the “health” of the ancient structure at Shanhaiguan Pass. With smart sensors (传感器) and cameras, the robot can 1 (exact) find problems such as cracks and missing bricks and report them to related departments in real-time. “The robot can take the place of humans 2 (perform) dangerous and difficult examinations, improving both the speed 3 quality of the Great Wall protection,” says Liu Liang, head of a research team from the Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration. Carefully 4 (check) the walls is the first step in the Great Wall protection. Zhang Peng, 38, is among the 5 (pioneer) who started using drones (无人机) in 2017 as part of regular checks over the walls. “Drones can help monitor (监测) walls that are 6 (possible) for humans to reach,” Zhang says. In recent years, China 7 (put) in a lot of effort to protect the Great Wall through the use of cutting-edge technologies. These technologies make the Great Wall stronger. At the same time, they work as a bridge connecting people 8 the Wall and raising public awareness of its protection. “We hope such application can inspire young 9 (people) love for the Great Wall and develop 10 stronger sense of responsibility for its future protection,” says Zhang. Passage 7 （2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）根据下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1,000 years in China. There are different 1 (story) about the invention of the umbrella in China. The most popular one has something to do with Lu Ban. It’s said that once he and his wife visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. His wife said, “Let’s have 2 competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, the one who comes up 3 a good way to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the winner.” Lu Ban 4 (think) it was easy. He collected some tools and materials. Then he spent the whole night 5 (build) pavilions (亭子) around the lake. He was quite proud of his work. The next morning, 6 Lu Ban talked about his achievements and felt proud, his wife held something unusual in her hand. It could be opened into a round shape. Lu Ban was 7 (surprise). He found that the object, made of silk and bamboo, could be opened and closed 8 (easy). It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said, “You win. Your invention can protect us from rain better.” So the umbrella 9 (invent). Later, people began to use paper, which was 10 (cheap) than silk. To make the umbrella water-proof, people brushed a kind of oil on the surface. So the oil-paper umbrella appeared. Passage 8 （2026·广东深圳·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some giant “soft pillows (枕头)” have recently appeared across Shenzhen, drawing wide public attention. People are curious about what they are. In fact, these “pillows” 1 (use) at construction sites (建筑工地) to reduce noise and dust. One of the 2 (large) air-supported pillows has been built in Shenzhen’s Chegongmiao area, covering over 12, 000 square meters. It is made of special materials, 3 it can stand strong winds and heavy rain. With cooling and smart monitoring systems, workers can work inside it 4 (safe). Many people are surprised 5 (see) such a huge structure in a busy city and impressed by its practical use. In the past few months, it 6 (protect) nearby offices and communities from construction troubles effectively. What’s more, these “pillows” are reusable and easy to remove, producing no construction waste. With cleaner air and less noise, they provide a greener way to build 7 (city). They show how Shenzhen develops rapidly while still paying attention 8 environmental protection and people’s well-being. Shenzhen is truly 9 innovative and people-friendly city. 10 (it) valuable development experience is worth learning from. ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $