Unit 1 The Changing World 语法专项学案 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语导学案围绕“一般过去时、现在完成时与used to结构辨析”展开，结合“变化的世界”主题，通过今昔对比情境导入，搭建从过去动作描述到现在影响及习惯变化的学习支架，帮助学生梳理三者在时间逻辑、结构及用法上的联系与区别。 资料以主题整合语法教学，通过核心讲解、易错点提醒及基础、提升、拓展三级习题设计，助力学生精准掌握时态用法，提升语言能力。对比表格与详细解析培养分析比较的思维品质，分层练习引导主动调适学习策略，发展自主学习能力。

Unit 1 The Changing World 语法专项精品资料 一般过去时、现在完成时与used to结构辨析 一、语法核心讲解 本单元围绕"变化的世界"这一主题,重点学习三种用于描述过去与现在的语法结构:一般过去时、现在完成时和used to结构。三者均可谈论过去,但侧重点和用法有明确区别。 (一)一般过去时(Simple Past Tense) 1. 核心用法 表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态或过去经常发生的动作。侧重点在于陈述过去的事实,与现在没有直接关联。 2. 句式结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 He didn't go to school last week. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Did you see the film last night? 3. 常见时间状语 yesterday, last night/week/year, two days ago, in 2015, just now, at that time, the other day等。 (二)现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense) 1. 核心用法 用法一(影响性):表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或产生结果。 用法二(持续性):表示动作或状态从过去某时开始,一直持续到现在,还可能继续下去。 用法三(经历性):表示到目前为止的经历,不指明具体时间。 2. 句式结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 The village has become a tourist attraction. 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他 We haven't seen each other for ages. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? Has she finished her homework? 人称搭配速记:I/You/We/They + have;He/She/It/单数名词 + has 3. 常见时间状语 already(肯定句), yet(否定/疑问句), ever, never, just, for + 时间段, since + 时间点/从句, so far, recently, in the past/last + 时间段等。 for与since的区别:for后接时间段(for 10 years);since后接时间点(since 2015)或一般过去时从句(since I left)。 (三)used to结构 1. 核心用法 表示过去常常做某事或过去存在的状态,暗含现在已不再如此。这是本单元描述"今昔对比"的核心结构。 2. 句式结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 People used to walk to work. 否定句 主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 People didn't use to shop online. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形? Did you use to live here? (四)三大结构对比总览 对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 used to结构 时间逻辑 动作完全发生在过去,与现在无关 起点在过去,落点在现在 过去习惯/状态,现已改变 时间状语 明确的过去时间点 无明确时间,用for/since等 无特定标志,常与but now搭配 侧重点 陈述过去事实 强调对现在的影响/持续 强调今昔对比 结构 did have/has done used to do 快速判断口诀:有明确过去时间 一般过去时;表影响、持续、经历 现在完成时;表"过去常……现在不了" used to。 二、易错点提醒 易错点1:现在完成时 ≠ 一般过去时 误区:认为两者都表示过去发生的事,可以互换。 正解:一般过去时只谈过去,现在完成时与现在有关。 2. I cleaned the room this morning.(强调"打扫"这件事,现在房间是否干净未知) 2. I have cleaned the room.(强调"房间现在是干净的") 易错点2:短暂性动词与时间段搭配 误区:He has left for two hours. 正解:leave是短暂性动词,不能与for+时间段连用,须换为延续性表达。 2. He has been away for two hours. 常见转换:buy have, borrow keep, join be in/be a member of, die be dead, begin be on 易错点3:have been to / have gone to / have been in 误区:三者混用。 正解: 2. have been to:去过某地(已回来)——I have been to Guizhou. 2. have gone to:去了某地(还没回来)——He has gone to Shanghai. 2. have been in:在某地待了多久(强调停留时长)——She has been in Beijing for 5 years. 易错点4:used to的否定与疑问形式 误区:He used not to(虽存在但极少用) 正解:考试首选 didn't use to 形式。 2. 否定:He didn't use to get up early. 2. 疑问:Did he use to get up early? 易错点5:since与for混淆 误区:I have lived here since 5 years. 正解:since后接时间点,for后接时间段。 2. I have lived here for 5 years. / since 2015. 三、基础题(10道) (一)、用所给词的适当形式填空(每题2分,共10分) 1. My hometown (change) a lot in the past ten years. 2. He (buy) a new car last month. 3. She (live) here since she was born. 4. People (use to) write letters to keep in touch thirty years ago. 5. They (not finish) their homework yet. (二)、单项选择(每题2分,共10分) 6. —Where is Tom? —He to the library. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes 7. I the book two days ago. A. have read B. have bought C. read D. reads 8. There a small house near the river in the past. A. used to be B. used to have C. was used to be D. were used to 9. Our teacher us since we came to this school. A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach 10. We each other for a long time. A. didn't see B. haven't seen C. don't see D. won't see 四、提升题(10道) (一)、单项选择(每题2分,共10分) 1. Great changes in our city since 2020. A. took place B. have taken place C. take place D. are taking place 2. My uncle in the countryside when he was young. A. used to live B. used to living C. was used to live D. is used to living 3. — you ever to the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Do; go 4. The film for ten minutes when I arrived at the cinema. A. has begun B. has been on C. had been on D. began 5. She the book for two weeks. A. has borrowed B. has kept C. borrowed D. keeps (二)、句型转换(每题2分,共10分) 6. People used to shop in small village shops.(改为否定句) People to shop in small village shops. 7. They have built lots of new schools.(改为一般疑问句) they lots of new schools? 8. He has been a teacher since 2015.(对画线部分提问) has he been a teacher? 9. The government built a new hospital last year.(用现在完成时改写,保留原意强调结果) The government a new hospital. 10. The village was poor in the past, but now it's modern.(用used to合并句子) The village poor. 五、拓展题 (一)、完形填空(语法专项)(每题1分,共10分) My hometown is a small mountain village. It 1. (change) greatly since I left. When I was a child, there 2. (be) only narrow dirt roads and small old houses. People 3. (use to) walk or ride bikes to go to the town. There 4. (be) no supermarkets at that time. Now, everything is different. The government 5. (build) wide roads and modern schools. Many families 6. (buy) new cars. I 7.(not visit) my hometown for three years, but I can see the changes in the photos my cousin sent me. I 8. (decide) to go back next month. I believe I 9. (see) more surprising changes then. I 10. (live) in the city since 2018, but my heart is always in my hometown. (二)、句子翻译(每题2分,共10分) 1. 在过去的五年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 2. 我爷爷过去常常在晚饭后散步。 3. 你去过贵州吗?——是的,我去过两次。 4. 自从我们建了新的高速公路,出行变得容易多了。 5. 她已经离开家乡三年了。(注意延续性动词转换) 参考答案与详细解析 三、基础题(10道)答案解析 1. has changed 解析:时间状语"in the past ten years"(在过去的十年里)是现在完成时的标志词,表示从十年前到现在发生的变化,强调对现在的影响,主语为单数,故填has changed。 2. bought 解析:时间状语"last month"为明确的过去时间点,表示动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,buy的过去式为bought。 3. has lived 解析:"since she was born"引导时间状语从句,主句表示从出生一直持续到现在的动作,用现在完成时,主语为She,助动词用has。 4. used to 解析:"thirty years ago"提示这是三十年前的习惯动作,且暗含现在人们已不再写信联系,用used to表示"过去常常"。 5. haven't finished 解析:"yet"常用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句末尾,表示"还未",主语为They,否定式为haven't finished。 6. B (has gone) 解析:根据问句"Where is Tom?"(Tom在哪里?)可知Tom不在说话现场,用has gone to表示"去了某地(尚未返回)"。若用has been to则表示"去过(已回来)",与语境不符。 7. C (read) 解析:"two days ago"为明确的过去时间状语,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。read的过去式与原形同形(读作/red/),此处应选read。 8. A (used to be) 解析:"in the past"提示描述过去存在的状态,用there used to be表示"过去曾有"。B项used to have不能与There be句型混用;C、D结构错误。 9. C (has taught) 解析:"since we came to this school"为since引导的时间状语从句,主句表示从过去持续到现在的动作,用现在完成时,主语为单数,助动词用has。 10. B (haven't seen) 解析:"for a long time"表示"持续很长一段时间",是现在完成时的标志词,强调从过去到现在一直没见面,应用haven't seen。 四、提升题(10道)答案解析 1. B (have taken place) 解析:"since 2020"为现在完成时的标志词,表示从2020年至今的变化。注意take place(发生)为不及物动词短语,无被动语态,故排除含被动形式的选项,用主动形式have taken place。 2. A (used to live) 解析:"when he was young"表示过去的时间,且暗含现在已不在乡下居住,用used to live表示"过去曾住在"。B项used to doing表示"习惯于";C、D为be used to结构,意为"被用来"或"习惯于"。 3. B (Have; been) 解析:"ever"用于现在完成时疑问句,表示"曾经";回答"Yes, I have."进一步确认用现在完成时。have been to表示"去过某地(已回来)",符合经历性语境。have gone to表示"去了未回",与答语不符。 4. C (had been on) 解析:for ten minutes表示持续一段时间,begin为短暂性动词,须换成延续性动词be on;"when I arrived"为过去时间点,"电影已经开始十分钟了"发生在arrived之前,即"过去的过去",应用过去完成时had been on。 5. B (has kept) 解析:"for two weeks"表示持续两周,borrow为短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,须换成延续性动词keep,现在完成时为has kept。 6. didn't use 解析:used to的否定形式,考试首选"didn't use to",主语People为复数,助动词用did。 7. Have; built 解析:现在完成时的一般疑问句,将助动词have/has提到主语前,主语They对应have,过去分词built保持不变。 8. How long 解析:对"since 2015"提问,询问"多长时间",用How long。注意不要误答"When"(对时间点提问)。 9. has built 解析:将一般过去时改写为现在完成时,强调"已经修建"这一结果,主语为单数,助动词用has。 10. used to be 解析:"过去穷但现在不穷"正是used to的典型语境,后接动词原形be。 五、拓展题(15道)答案解析 一、完形填空 1. has changed 解析:"since I left"(自从我离开)引导时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,表示从离开到现在发生的变化,主语It为单数,助动词用has。 2. were 解析:"When I was a child"为明确的过去时间状语,描述过去的状态,主语roads为复数,be动词用were。 3. used to 解析:描述过去常常步行或骑车去镇上,暗含现在不再这样,用used to表示"过去常常"。 4. were 解析:"at that time"为过去时间状语,描述过去存在的状态,supermarkets为复数,be动词用were。 5. has built 解析:强调"已经修建了"宽阔的道路和现代学校,是对现在造成的影响(现在已存在),用现在完成时,主语为单数,助动词用has。 6. have bought 解析:强调"已经买了"新车,是对现在造成的影响(现在拥有了新车),用现在完成时,主语families为复数,助动词用have。 7. haven't visited 解析:"for three years"表示持续三年,用现在完成时的否定形式,表示"三年没回去看望"。 8. decided 解析:"decide"表示"决定",是说话时已完成的动作,"next month"是将来的时间,但"决定"发生在过去(已做出决定),用一般过去时。亦可用have decided(强调已做出决定),两者在此均可。 9. will see 解析:"next month"为将来时间状语,表示"下个月将会看到",用一般将来时will see。 10. have lived 解析:"since 2018"为现在完成时的标志词,表示从2018年一直住到现在,主语为I,助动词用have。 二、句子翻译 1. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past five years. 解析:①"in the past five years"为现在完成时标志词;②take place为不及物动词短语,无被动语态;③主语Great changes为复数,助动词用have。 2. My grandpa used to take a walk after dinner. 解析:①"过去常常"用used to do结构;②"散步"译为take a walk;③"在晚饭后"译为after dinner。 3. —Have you ever been to Guizhou? —Yes, I have been there twice. 解析:①"去过某地"表示经历,用have been to;②"ever"用于疑问句;③"两次"用twice,置于句末。 4. Since we built the new highway, traveling has become much easier. 解析:①"since"引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时built,主句用现在完成时has become;②"出行"作主语用动名词traveling;③"容易多了"用much easier。 5. She has been away from her hometown for three years. 解析:①"离开"leave为短暂性动词,不能与"for three years"连用,须换成延续性状态"be away";②"for three years"表示持续三年,用现在完成时。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $