Unit 1 The Changing World精读精练学案2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

该初中英语学案以“变化”为核心主题，围绕一般过去时、现在完成时等时态运用，复合词及被动语态等语言知识，设定从基础理解到读写应用的整体学习目标。通过“学习目标-精读范文-逐点解析-知识梳理-错例纠正-技能练习”的递进式设计，构建连贯的语言知识建构与能力发展路径。 亮点在于“变化主题”的深度学习设计，结合精读范文中家乡环境与个人生活变化的语篇分析，培养语言理解与表达能力，通过时态对比填空、复合词应用等任务发展思维品质。典型错例分析与写作句式指导，既帮助学生系统掌握单元重点，又为教师提供单元复习的完整教学框架和实用资源。

九年级英语（人教版）精读精练学案 Unit 1 The Changing World 一、学习目标 1. 能运用一般过去时准确描述过去的状况和事件。 2. 能运用现在完成时谈论过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响和结果。 3. 能运用used to do结构表达过去的习惯或状态。 4. 能区分一般过去时与现在完成时在用法和时间状语上的差异。 5. 能运用一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态描述变化。 6. 能运用复合词（compound words）描述家乡的变化与特征。 7. 能通过阅读语篇理解基础设施改善对人们生活的影响。 8. 能写一篇关于自己生活中变化的短文。（参见课本P9 Writing 3a-3c） 二、精读范文 阅读提示：阅读下文，注意带序号标注的词汇、短语和句型在文中的具体用法。标注序号与第三部分"范文逐点解析"中的条目一一对应，便于查阅。读完后回答第1-3题，检测对文章大意的理解。 Now that I am older, my life ①is different from when I was in primary school. For example, my primary school was near my home, so I ②used to walk to school with my parents. Now my junior high school is farther from home. I ③take a bus every day with my friends. My home ④has changed too. My family ⑤used to live in a small flat, but now we ⑥have moved to a much larger one. My grandma lives with us now as well. She has her own room and her own TV set. I am glad that I ⑦get to see her every day. The way I study is also different. I ⑧have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions. It's amazing how much we ⑨have achieved together. My hometown ⑩has changed a lot as well. The hills ⑪used to be covered with sand. There ⑫used to be sandstorms all the time, and the fields ⑬were getting smaller. However, with the government's support, people ⑭have planted many bushes and trees. Now the hills ⑮are covered with green trees, and the environment ⑯has improved greatly. Many new ⑰greenhouses ⑱have been built. The corn fields ⑲have become large and healthy. ⑳Over the years, I ㉑have seen so many changes in my hometown. My life ㉒has changed in many ways, but one thing ㉓has stayed the same: the feeling of love and happiness shared by my family. 读后思考： 1. How did the writer use to go to school in primary school? 2. What changes have taken place in the writer's hometown? 3. What has stayed the same in the writer's life? （答案可在文末"参考答案与解析"中核对。） 译文： 现在我长大了，我的生活和小时候不一样了。比如说，我的小学就在我家附近，所以我以前是和父母一起走路上学的。现在我的初中离家更远，我每天和朋友一起坐公交车上学。 我的家也变了。我家以前住在一个小公寓里，但现在我们搬到了一个更大的房子。我的奶奶现在也和我们住在一起。她有自己的房间和电视机。我很高兴每天都能见到她。 我的学习方式也不同了。我在学习上变得更自信了，经常参加小组讨论。我们一起取得的成就令人惊讶。 我的家乡也发生了很大的变化。那些山丘过去覆盖着沙子。过去经常有沙尘暴，农田越来越小。然而，在政府的支持下，人们种了许多灌木和树木。现在山丘覆盖着绿树，环境得到了极大的改善。许多新的温室大棚已经建成。玉米田变得又大又茂盛。 多年来，我目睹了家乡如此多的变化。我的生活发生了很多变化，但有一件事始终没有变：那就是家人之间分享的爱和幸福。 三、范文逐点解析 ① is different from（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】different from为固定搭配，意为"与……不同"，from后接比较的对象。其反义短语为the same as（与……相同）。different的名词形式为difference（差异、不同之处）。different与from不可分离。 【例句】Now that I am older, my life is different from when I was in primary school.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：现在我长大了，我的生活和小时候不一样了。 ② used to walk（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】used to do sth.意为"过去常常做某事"，表示过去经常发生或存在的状态，但现在不再如此。后接动词原形。否定形式为didn't use to，疑问形式为Did...use to...?。与be used to doing（习惯于做某事）区分：前者to为不定式符号，后者to为介词。 【例句】I used to walk to school with my parents.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：我以前是和父母一起走路上学的。 ③ take（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】take在本句中意为"乘坐（交通工具）"，后接交通工具名词。take a bus为动词短语作谓语；by bus为介词短语作状语。take的过去式为took，过去分词为taken。 【例句】I take a bus every day with my friends.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：我每天和朋友一起坐公交车上学。 ④ has changed（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】has changed为现在完成时，结构为have/has + 过去分词。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示从过去持续到现在的动作。change既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。现在完成时常与already, yet, just, ever, never, for + 一段时间, since + 过去时间/从句等连用。change的过去分词为changed。 【例句】My home has changed too.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：我的家也变了。 ⑤ used to live（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】used to live意为"过去住在"，表示过去的居住状态，现在已经改变。live为不及物动词，后接地点时须加介词in。live的过去式为lived，过去分词为lived。 【例句】My family used to live in a small flat.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：我家以前住在一个小公寓里。 ⑥ have moved（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】have moved为现在完成时，表示"已经搬家了"。move作"搬家"讲时为不及物动词，作"移动"讲时既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。move的过去分词为moved。现在完成时强调搬家的动作已经完成，且对现在的影响是"现在住在一个更大的房子里"。 【例句】Now we have moved to a much larger one.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：现在我们搬到了一个更大的房子。 ⑦ get to see（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】get to do sth.意为"有机会做某事、得以做某事"，强调经过一定努力或过程后获得机会。get的过去式为got，过去分词为got/gotten。 【例句】I am glad that I get to see her every day.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：我很高兴每天都能见到她。 ⑧ have become（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】have become为现在完成时，become为系动词，意为"变得、成为"，后接形容词或名词作表语。become的过去分词为become，与原形相同。现在完成时强调变化的结果——已经变得更加自信。 【例句】I have become more confident in my studies.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：我在学习上变得更自信了。 ⑨ have achieved（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】have achieved为现在完成时，achieve为及物动词，意为"（经过努力）达到、完成"。achievement为其名词形式，意为"成就、成绩"。achieve的过去分词为achieved。本句中how much we have achieved为宾语从句，作It's amazing的真正主语。 【例句】It's amazing how much we have achieved together.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：我们一起取得的成就令人惊讶。 ⑩ has changed（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】has changed再次使用现在完成时，与第④点呼应，强调家乡也发生了多方面变化。as well意为"也"，置于句末，与too同义。 【例句】My hometown has changed a lot as well.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：我的家乡也发生了很大的变化。 ⑪ used to be covered（P2 Section A 1c） 【解析】used to be covered为used to + 被动语态，表示"过去被……覆盖"。cover为及物动词，意为"覆盖"，过去分词为covered。被动语态结构为be + 过去分词，此处与used to结合表示过去的被动状态。 【例句】They used to be covered with sand.（P2 Section A 1c）译文：那些山丘过去覆盖着沙子。 ⑫ used to be（P3 Section A 2b，听力原文） 【解析】used to be表示过去存在的状态。There used to be为there be句型的过去时形式，表示"过去有"，现在已不存在。used to + be表示过去的状态。 【例句】There used to be sandstorms all the time.（P3 Section A 2b，听力原文）译文：过去经常有沙尘暴。 ⑬ were（P3 Section A 2b，听力原文） 【解析】were为be的一般过去时复数形式，与主语the fields一致。描述过去正在发生的变化（农田越来越小），用一般过去时表示过去的状态。get smaller意为"变小"。 【例句】The fields were getting smaller and smaller.（P3 Section A 2b，听力原文）译文：农田越来越小。 ⑭ have planted（P3 Section A 2c，听力原文） 【解析】have planted为现在完成时，表示"已经种植了"。plant为及物动词，意为"种植"，过去分词为planted。现在完成时强调种植的动作已经完成，且对现在的影响是"现在山丘变绿了"。 【例句】People have planted many bushes and trees.（P3 Section A 2c，听力原文）译文：人们种了许多灌木和树木。 ⑮ are covered（P3 Section A 2c，听力原文） 【解析】are covered为一般现在时的被动语态，表示"被覆盖"。与第⑪点形成对比——过去是被沙子覆盖，现在是被绿树覆盖。一般现在时被动语态结构为am/is/are + 过去分词。 【例句】Now the hills are covered with green trees.（P3 Section A 2c，听力原文）译文：现在山丘覆盖着绿树。 ⑯ has improved（P3 Section A 2c，听力原文） 【解析】has improved为现在完成时，improve为动词，意为"改善、提高"，过去分词为improved。现在完成时强调环境改善的动作已经发生，且对现在的影响是"环境更好了"。improvement为其名词形式。 【例句】The environment has improved greatly.（P3 Section A 2c，听力原文）译文：环境得到了极大的改善。 ⑰ greenhouses（P4 Section A 3a） 【解析】greenhouse为复合词（compound word），由green + house构成，意为"温室大棚"。复合词由两个或多个单词组合而成，构成新词。本单元其他复合词：highway（high + way）、railway（rail + way）、sandstorm（sand + storm）、farmland（farm + land）。 【例句】Now, I have large, high-tech greenhouses.（P4 Section A 3a）译文：现在，我有了大型的高科技温室大棚。 ⑱ have been built（P4 Section A 3a） 【解析】have been built为现在完成时的被动语态，结构为have/has been + 过去分词。主语greenhouses为复数，故用have been built。现在完成时被动语态强调"已经被建成"且对现在有影响。 【例句】Many new greenhouses have been built.（P4 Section A 3a）译文：许多新的温室大棚已经建成。 ⑲ have become（P3 Section A 2c，听力原文） 【解析】have become为现在完成时，与第⑧点相同，强调结果状态——玉米田已经变得又大又茂盛。large and healthy为形容词作表语。 【例句】The corn fields have become large and healthy.（P3 Section A 2c，听力原文）译文：玉米田变得又大又茂盛。 ⑳ Over the years（P4 Section A 3a） 【解析】over the years为介词短语，意为"多年来"，通常与现在完成时连用，表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。类似的表达还有in the past few years、over the last few years。该短语常与现在完成时搭配使用。 【例句】Over the years, I have seen so many changes.（P4 Section A 3a）译文：多年来，我目睹了如此多的变化。 ㉑ have seen（P4 Section A 3a） 【解析】have seen为现在完成时，see的过去分词为seen。本句强调"已经看到"的变化——这些变化是过去到现在累积的。现在完成时与over the years连用，表示从过去到现在持续的经历。 【例句】Over the years, I have seen so many changes in my hometown.（P4 Section A 3a）译文：多年来，我目睹了家乡如此多的变化。 ㉒ has changed（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】has changed与第④⑩点呼应，强调个人生活发生了多方面变化。in many ways意为"在很多方面"，way作"方面"讲时为可数名词。 【例句】My life has changed in many ways.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：我的生活发生了很多变化。 ㉓ has stayed（P9 Section B 3a） 【解析】has stayed为现在完成时，stay在此处为系动词，意为"保持"，后接形容词作表语，相当于remain。has stayed the same意为"保持不变"。stay作系动词时后接形容词，作实义动词时可接副词。 【例句】One thing has stayed the same: the feeling of love and happiness shared by my family.（P9 Section B 3a）译文：有一件事始终没有变：那就是家人之间分享的爱和幸福。 四、基础知识梳理 （一）词汇要点 本单元话题围绕"变化"展开，重点涉及描述家乡变化、环境变化、个人生活变化等方面的词汇。（参见课本P1-P10） 名词：change, hometown, road, sandstorm, shortage, farmland, lack, bush, root, soil, government, support, corn, greenhouse, highway, railway, attraction, product, capital, port, link, business, manager, comment, conclusion, sand, land, tree, bridge, hospital, library, tourist, miracle, villager 动词：change, improve, develop, build, plant, grow, travel, transport, benefit, comment, complete, lead, spread, support, cover, lack 形容词：rough, wide, narrow, convenient, digital, high-tech, sandy, socialist, man-made 副词：greatly, nearly 复合词：greenhouse, highway, railway, sandstorm, farmland, man-made 短语：bring about, be covered with, used to, with ease, take place, as a result, lead to, speed up, in the past, over the years （二）常用动词及搭配 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 常见搭配 课本出处 change changed changed change into（变成） P1 improve improved improved improve life（改善生活） P4 build built built build a hospital（建医院） P4 plant planted planted plant trees（植树） P3 grow grew grown grow vegetables（种蔬菜） P4 travel travelled travelled travel to（去……旅行） P5 benefit benefited benefited benefit from（从……受益） P6 lead led led lead to（导致） P8 spread spread spread spread information（传播信息） complete completed completed complete a project（完成项目） P6 cover covered covered be covered with（被……覆盖） P2 （三）基础短语 英文短语 汉语翻译 课本出处 bring about 带来；引起 P1 be covered with 被……覆盖 P2 used to 过去常常 P4 with ease 轻而易举地 P6 take place 发生 P5 as a result 因此 P5 lead to 导致 P8 speed up 加速 in the past 在过去 P5 over the years 多年来 P4 （四）语法要点 1. 一般过去时与现在完成时的对比 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去持续到现在的动作。 时态 用法 时间状语 例句 一般过去时 过去发生的动作/状态 yesterday, last week, ... ago, in 2020, when I was young He became a good friend of your grandfather about 20 years ago. 现在完成时 过去动作对现在的影响/结果 already, yet, just, ever, never, for + 一段时间, since + 过去时间/从句 They haven't seen each other for ages! 2. used to do的用法 used to + 动词原形表示"过去常常做某事"，强调过去经常发生或存在的状态，但现在不再如此。 例句：We used to have to travel far to see a doctor.（P5 Grammar Focus 4a） 译文：我们过去不得不走很远去看病。 例句：Many people used to work in big cities.（P5 Grammar Focus 4a） 译文：许多人过去在大城市工作。 注意：used to的否定形式为didn't use to，疑问形式为Did...use to...?。 3. 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词） 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 例句：Our village has just built a new hospital.（P5 Grammar Focus 4a） 译文：我们的村子刚建了一家新医院。 例句：Now, more of them have come back to live and work here.（P5 Grammar Focus 4a） 译文：现在，更多的人已经回来生活和工作了。 4. 被动语态（一般现在时与现在完成时） 一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词 现在完成时被动语态：have/has been + 过去分词 例句（一般现在时被动）：The hills are covered with green trees.（P3 Section A 2c，听力原文）译文：山丘覆盖着绿树。 例句（现在完成时被动）：Many new greenhouses have been built.（P4 Section A 3a）译文：许多新的温室大棚已经建成。 5. 复合词（Compound Words） 复合词由两个或多个单词组合而成，构成新词。 复合词 构成 词义 greenhouse green + house 温室大棚 highway high + way 公路 railway rail + way 铁路 sandstorm sand + storm 沙尘暴 farmland farm + land 农田 man-made man + made 人造的 （五）易混用法辨析 1. used to do / be used to doing / be used to do 结构 含义 后接 used to do 过去常常做（现在不做了） 动词原形 be used to doing 习惯于做 动名词 be used to do 被用来做 动词原形 例句：I used to walk to school.（P9 Section B 3a）（过去常常做） 例句：I am used to getting up early.（习惯于做） 例句：Wood is used to make paper.（被用来做） 2. take / spend / cost / pay 动词 主语 含义 结构 take it（形式主语） 花费时间 It takes sb. time to do sth. spend 人 花费时间/金钱 spend time/money (in) doing / on sth. cost 物 花费金钱 sth. costs sb. money pay 人 支付金钱 pay (money) for sth. 例句：It takes me 20 minutes to get to school.（我到学校需要20分钟。） 例句：I spend two hours doing my homework every day.（我每天花两小时做作业。） 例句：This book costs me 50 yuan.（这本书花了我50元。） 例句：I paid 50 yuan for this book.（我付了50元买这本书。） 3. travel / trip / journey 词 用法 可数性 travel 泛指"旅行"这一行为或概念 不可数（也可作动词） trip 指具体的短途出行或旅程 可数 journey 指长途的、正式的旅行 可数 例句：Travel broadens the mind.（旅行开阔视野。） 例句：We went on a trip to the mountains.（我们去山里旅行了。） 例句：The journey from Beijing to Shanghai takes about five hours.（从北京到上海的旅程大约需要五个小时。） 五、典型错例分析与纠正 错例1：There used to have a big tree here. 正句：There used to be a big tree here. 原因：there be句型的过去时形式为There used to be，不能用There used to have。have表示"拥有"，there be表示"存在"，两者不可混用。 错例2：I have seen him yesterday. 正句：I saw him yesterday. 原因：现在完成时不能与具体的过去时间状语（如yesterday, last week）连用。有具体过去时间状语时应用一般过去时。 错例3：He has gone to Beijing three times. 正句：He has been to Beijing three times. 原因：has gone to表示"去了某地（尚未回来）"，has been to表示"去过某地（已回来）"。谈论去过某地的次数用has been to。 错例4：There were fewer sandstorms now. 正句：There are fewer sandstorms now. 原因：now表示现在的时间，应用一般现在时，而非一般过去时。 错例5：The new roads have been built last year. 正句：The new roads were built last year. 原因：last year为具体过去时间状语，应用一般过去时被动语态（were built），不能用现在完成时被动语态（have been built）。 六、写作常用句式 句式按写作功能分为四组。 （一）引出话题与总体描述 1. Now that I am older, my life is different from when I was in primary school.（范文，参考P9）现在我长大了，我的生活和小时候不一样了。 2. Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the last few years.（参考P4）过去几年里我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 3. Life has changed quite a lot in my hometown.（参考P4）我的家乡生活发生了很大的变化。 4. Over the years, I have seen so many changes in my hometown.（范文，参考P4）多年来，我目睹了家乡如此多的变化。 （二）描述过去与现在的对比 5. I used to walk to school with my parents.（范文，参考P9）我以前是和父母一起走路上学的。 6. My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one.（范文，参考P9）我家以前住在一个小公寓里，但现在我们搬到了一个更大的房子。 7. The hills used to be covered with sand, but now they are covered with green trees.（范文，参考P2）那些山丘过去覆盖着沙子，但现在它们覆盖着绿树。 8. Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here.（参考P4）许多年轻人过去在大城市工作。现在，更多的人已经回来生活和工作了。 9. We used to have to travel far to see a doctor, but now our town has built a new hospital.（参考P2）我们过去不得不走很远去看病，但现在我们镇上建了一家新医院。 （三）描述变化带来的影响 10. The environment has improved greatly.（范文，参考P3）环境得到了极大的改善。 11. Many new greenhouses have been built.（范文，参考P4）许多新的温室大棚已经建成。 （四）升华主题 12. My life has changed in many ways, but one thing has stayed the same.（范文，参考P9）我的生活发生了很多变化，但有一件事始终没有变。 13. Change is the opportunity to create a better future.（参考P10）变化是创造更美好未来的机遇。 七、时态对比选择填空 从括号内选择正确的时态形式填空。 1. I ______ (have seen / saw) my grandpa yesterday. We ______ (have talked / talked) about the changes in our hometown. 2. Great changes ______ (take place / have taken place) in my hometown over the last few years. 3. My family ______ (used to live / have lived) in a small flat, but now we ______ (moved / have moved) to a larger one. 4. The new hospital ______ (was built / has been built) last year. It ______ (served / has served) the villagers well since then. 5. I ______ (didn't see / haven't seen) my cousin for a long time. When ______ (did you last see / have you last seen) him? 6. In the past, people ______ (travel / used to travel) by bus. Now, many people ______ (buy / have bought) cars. 7. The hills ______ (used to be covered / have been covered) with sand. Now they ______ (are covered / have been covered) with green trees. 8. We ______ (have known / knew) each other since we ______ (were / have been) in primary school. 八、根据句意用复合词填空 根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的复合词填空。 greenhouse highway railway sandstorm farmland man-made 1. The new ______________ has cut the travel time between the two cities from five hours to two hours. 2. The vegetables are grown in large ______________, so they are fresh even in winter. 3. This ______________ is the largest in the region, covering over 1,000 hectares of crops. 4. The ______________ covered the whole city, and people had to stay indoors. 5. The government has built many ______________ lakes to provide water for the villagers. 6. The ______________ was completed in 2017, connecting the port to the capital. 九、补全对话 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话。其中有两项为多余选项。 A. What do you think of your trip so far? B. It took half a day to reach the town. C. We used to have to travel far to see a doctor. D. How has life changed in your hometown? E. The biggest change is on the hills. F. They used to be covered with sand. G. Many new greenhouses have been built. Li Rui: 1______ Bob: Amazing! When I first visited here, 2______ Now, with the new roads, it takes only an hour. Li Rui: Yes. Life is much easier! 3______ but now our town has built a new hospital. Bob: Great! And didn't I see a supermarket down the street? Li Rui: Yes. We didn't have any such places for shopping until 10 years ago. Bob: 4______ They used to be covered with sand. Li Rui: And now 5______ 十、完成句子 根据中文意思完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 过去几年里我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes __________ __________ __________ in my hometown over the last few years. 2. 我过去常常和父母一起走路上学。 I __________ __________ walk to school with my parents. 3. 我家以前住在一个小公寓里，但现在我们搬到了一个大房子。 My family __________ __________ live in a small flat, but now we __________ __________ to a larger one. 4. 我的生活发生了很多变化，但有一件事始终没有变。 My life __________ __________ in many ways, but one thing __________ __________ the same. 5. 我们过去不得不走很远去看病。 We __________ __________ __________ __________ travel far to see a doctor. 6. 许多年轻人过去在大城市工作。现在，更多的人已经回来了。 Many young people __________ __________ work in big cities. Now, more of them __________ __________ back. 7. 过去几年里，许多新的温室大棚已经建成。 Many new greenhouses __________ __________ __________ over the past few years. 8. 那些山丘过去覆盖着沙子，但现在它们覆盖着绿树。 The hills __________ __________ __________ __________ with sand, but now they __________ __________ with green trees. 十一、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给词的正确形式。 My name is Li Rui. I live in a small town. Over the last few years, great changes 1. ______ (take) place here. In the past, the roads 2. ______ (be) very rough. It 3. ______ (take) a long time to get to the city. People 4. ______ (use) to travel by bus. Now, new roads 5. ______ (build). It takes only an hour to reach the city. Many people 6. ______ (buy) cars. The environment 7. ______ (change) too. The hills 8. ______ (use) to be covered with sand. Now, they 9. ______ (cover) with green trees. We 10. ______ (plant) thousands of trees over the years. Many new 11. ______ (greenhouse) 12. ______ (build) as well. My family 13. ______ (move) to a new house last year. We 14. ______ (live) in a small flat before. Now we 15. ______ (have) a bigger house. My grandma 16. ______ (live) with us now. I 17. ______ (become) more confident in my studies. I believe our town 18. ______ (get) better and better. 十二、任务型阅读 阅读短文，按要求完成下列任务。 On the Fast Track In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port, and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line completed in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about five to six hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, "I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich." A businessman said, "My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease." The railway has also made the transport of food easier. "It used to take hundreds of lorries to carry food between the two cities, but now it takes only two or three trains," said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat. Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world. （选自课本P6-P7 Section B 1b） 任务一：根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的写 T，错误的写 F。 1. The old railway line was completed in 2017. 2. The new railway has cut the travel time to about five to six hours. 3. Only a few people use the new train every year. 4. The railway has made food transport easier. 任务二：根据短文内容，将下列数字与对应的信息匹配。 序号 数字 信息 1 480 A. 旧铁路建于哪一年 2 10 B. 新铁路的长度（公里） 3 1901 C. 新铁路通车年份 4 2017 D. 旧火车到内罗毕所需小时数 5 约5-6 E. 每年使用新火车的人数 6 超过200万 F. 现在到内罗毕所需小时数 任务三：根据短文内容，用完整句子回答下列问题。 5. How did local people benefit from the new railway? Give two examples. ____________________________________ 6. What did the supermarket manager say about food transport? ____________________________________ 任务四：将文中画线句子翻译成中文。 7. ________________________ 任务五：开放性问题（用完整句子回答）。 8. What do you think of the changes brought by the new railway? Give one reason. 参考答案与解析 （二）精读范文读后思考 1. The writer used to walk to school with his/her parents. 2. The hills used to be covered with sand; there used to be sandstorms; people have planted trees; the environment has improved; many new greenhouses have been built; the corn fields have become large. 3. The feeling of love and happiness shared by the writer's family has stayed the same. （七）时态对比选择填空 1. saw; talked —— yesterday为具体过去时间状语，两处均用一般过去时。 2. have taken place —— over the last few years提示用现在完成时，主语Great changes为复数，故用have taken。 3. used to live; have moved —— 前半句用used to表示过去的状态，后半句用现在完成时表示已经搬家。My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one.（P9 Section B 3a） 4. was built; has served —— last year为具体过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态；since then提示用现在完成时。 5. haven't seen; did you last see —— for a long time提示用现在完成时否定形式；when引导特殊疑问句询问具体过去时间，用一般过去时。 6. used to travel; have bought —— in the past提示用used to；now表示现在已完成的结果，用现在完成时。 7. used to be covered; are covered —— 前半句用used to表示过去的状态；后半句用一般现在时被动语态表示现在的状态。They used to be covered with sand. Now they are covered with green trees.（P2-P3 Section A 1c-2c） 8. have known; were —— since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 （八）根据句意用复合词填空 1. railway —— 铁路连接两城市，与"cut the travel time"语境相符。the new railway has already cut the travel time.（P6 Section B 1b） 2. greenhouses —— 温室大棚内种植蔬菜，与"fresh even in winter"语境相符。I have large, high-tech greenhouses.（P4 Section A 3a） 3. farmland —— 农田覆盖大片区域，与"crops"语境相符。farmland.（P3 Section A 2a） 4. sandstorm —— 沙尘暴覆盖全城，与"people had to stay indoors"语境相符。sandstorms.（P3 Section A 2b，听力原文） 5. man-made —— 人造湖泊，与"provide water"语境相符。man-made.（P8 Section B 2a） 6. highway —— 高速公路连接港口和首都，与"connecting the port to the capital"语境相符。highway.（P4 Section A 3a） （九）补全对话 1. A —— 询问"你对这次旅行感觉如何？"与下一句"Amazing!"逻辑连贯。What do you think of your trip so far?（P2 Section A 1c） 2. B —— "到镇上需要半天时间"与后文"现在只需要一个小时"形成对比。It took half a day to reach the town.（P2 Section A 1c） 3. C —— "我们过去不得不走很远去看病"与后文"现在镇上建了一家新医院"形成对比。We used to have to travel far to see a doctor.（P2 Section A 1c） 4. E —— "最大的变化是在山上"引出关于山的变化的话题。the biggest change is on the hills.（P2 Section A 1c） 5. G —— "许多新的温室大棚已经建成"描述变化的具体体现。 （十）完成句子 1. have taken place —— take place为固定短语，意为"发生"。时间状语over the last few years提示用现在完成时，主语Great changes为复数，故用have taken。 2. used to —— used to do表示过去常常做。I used to walk to school.（P9 Section B 3a） 3. used to; have moved —— 前半句用used to表示过去的状态，后半句用现在完成时表示已经搬家。My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one.（P9 Section B 3a） 4. has changed; has stayed —— 两处均用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，故用has。My life has changed in many ways, but one thing has stayed the same.（P9 Section B 3a） 5. used to have to —— used to do表示过去常常，have to表示"不得不"。We used to have to travel far to see a doctor.（P2 Section A 1c） 6. used to; have come —— 前半句用used to表示过去的状态，后半句用现在完成时表示已经回来。Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back.（P4 Section A 3a） 7. have been built —— 现在完成时的被动语态，主语greenhouses为复数，故用have been built。 8. used to be covered; are covered —— 前半句用used to be + 过去分词表示过去的被动状态；后半句用一般现在时被动语态表示现在的状态。They used to be covered with sand. Now they are covered with green trees.（P2-P3 Section A 1c-2c） （十一）语法填空 1. have taken —— take place为固定短语，意为"发生"。时间状语over the last few years提示用现在完成时，主语great changes为复数，故用have taken。 2. were —— in the past提示用一般过去时，主语the roads为复数，故用were。 3. took —— 描述过去的情况，用一般过去时。 4. used —— used to do表示过去常常做。 5. have been built —— 现在完成时的被动语态，表示"已经被修建"。主语new roads为复数，故用have been built。 6. have bought —— 现在完成时，表示"已经买了"。主语Many people为复数，故用have bought。 7. has changed —— 现在完成时，表示"已经改变"。主语The environment为第三人称单数，故用has changed。 8. used —— used to do表示过去的状态。 9. are covered —— 一般现在时的被动语态，表示"被覆盖"。主语they为复数，故用are covered。 10. have planted —— over the years提示用现在完成时，主语We为复数，故用have planted。 11. greenhouses —— greenhouse为复合词，复数形式加 -s。 12. have been built —— 现在完成时的被动语态，主语greenhouses为复数，故用have been built。 13. moved —— 时间状语last year提示用一般过去时。 14. lived —— 描述过去的状态，用一般过去时。 15. have —— 描述现在的状态，用一般现在时。主语we为复数，故用have。 16. lives —— 描述现在的状态，用一般现在时。主语My grandma为第三人称单数，故用lives。 17. have become —— 现在完成时，表示"已经变得"。 18. will get —— 一般将来时，表示"将会变得"。better and better意为"越来越好"。 （十二）任务型阅读 任务一 1. F —— 原文"the old railway line completed in 1901"表明旧铁路建于1901年，而非2017年。 2. T —— 原文"the new railway ... has already cut the travel time ... to about five to six hours"与题意一致。 3. F —— 原文"more than two million people use it every year"表明使用人数众多，而非很少。 4. T —— 原文"The railway has also made the transport of food easier."与题意一致。 任务二 480 — B, 10 — D, 1901 — A, 2017 — C, 约5-6 — F, 超过200万 — E 解析：480公里为新铁路长度；10小时为旧火车到内罗毕所需时间；1901年为旧铁路建成年份；2017年为新铁路通车年份；约5-6小时为现在到内罗毕所需时间；超过200万为每年使用新火车的人数。 任务三 5. Local people have become rich, and they can get to places on time and make business deals with ease. 解析：原文"the people who live here have become rich"和"I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease"直接提取信息。 6. He said it used to take hundreds of lorries to carry food, but now it takes only two or three trains. 解析：原文"It used to take hundreds of lorries to carry food ... but now it takes only two or three trains"直接提取信息。 任务四 7. 虽然中国和肯尼亚相距遥远，但这条铁路表明了不同国家可以如何共同努力建设一个更美好的世界。 解析：Although引导让步状语从句，意为"虽然"；far away from each other意为"彼此相距遥远"；work together意为"共同努力"。Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world.（P7 Section B 1b） 任务五 8. Sample answer: I think the changes are very positive because the new railway has made travel faster and helped local people become richer. 解析：答案不唯一。 评分参考：能围绕文章主旨（铁路带来的变化）回答，内容相关计2分，语言正确计1分，满分3分。注：清楚评分标准，完善作答。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $