内容正文:
Unit 5 First Aid
Step 1 普通词汇梳理
1.technique n. cn.技巧;un.技术、技能 来自词根 techn(o) = art / skill 技术
【搭配】basic first-aid technique 基本的急救技能
【运用】他是个伟大的球员,球技十分精湛。He’s a great player, with brilliant technique.
2. leaflet cn. 散页印刷品;传单;小册子 Revision:小册子:booklet;brochure;pamphlet
3. organ cn. 器官→ v.组织organise ;→adj. 有组织的organised → n. 组织;机构organization , → n.组织者organizer , → adj. 有机的organic ,→ n. 有机体organism
【搭配】内脏 internal organs; 器官捐献 organ donation ;
4.ray n. 光线;射线; X光片X-ray;太阳光线 the rays of the sun / the sun’s rays
5. radiation n. 辐射;放射线 同根词:ray , radio 收音机
6.【搭配】 sense of touch 触觉 sense of smell 嗅觉 sense of belonging 归属感
sense of responsibility / duty 责任感;责任心
7. acid n. 酸 → adj. 酸的;酸性的 【搭配】酸雨:acid rain ;尖酸刻薄的口吻:an acid tone
8. mm 毫米:millimeter cm 厘米:centimeter;km 千米:kilometer
9. minor adj. 较小的;次要的;轻微的 major adj. 主要的;重要的;
【搭配】in a/the minority 占少数; in a/the majority 占大多数;minor in ...兼修
major in 主修 a majority of… 大多数的 a minority of 少数的;少量的
【运用】幸运的是,那只是个小问题。Luckily, it was only a minor problem.
10. victim cn. 牺牲者;受害者;患者
【搭配】fall victim to / become a victim to 成为……的牺牲品
【运用】这项措施防止人们成为骗子的牺牲品。
The measure prevents people falling victim to cheaters.
11. swell vt. 膨胀;肿胀;过去式:swelled;过去分词:swollen/swelled
swollen adj. 肿胀的;肿起的 swelling n. 肿胀处;肿胀
【运用】摔倒之后,她的脚踝开始肿起来。After the fall, her ankle began to swell up.
12. 12. nerve n. 神经;神经紧张;焦躁 →nervous神经紧张的
【搭配】get on sb’s nerves 令某人焦躁 熟词生义:nerve n 勇气;胆量
恢复勇气:regain one’s nerve
【运用】别吹口哨了!扰得我心烦。Stop whistling! It’s getting on my nerves.
13. loose adj. 松的;宽松的 反义词: tight 紧的 【搭配】let loose 释放;放任
【运用】闭上眼睛,尽情发挥你的想象力。Just close your eyes and let loose your imagination.
14.paramedic cn. 急救医生;护理人员
15.ambulance n. 救护车
16.needle n. 针;指针;注射针 IV needle 静脉注射针
拓展:thread the needle 穿针;克服困难,完成艰难的任务
【运用】The times is clearly trying to thread the needle with its forthcoming paywall.
纽约时报正在尽力克服困难完成即将到来的付费墙。
17.vital sign 生命体征
18.ward n. 病房
Revision:
B1: survival n. 生存;幸存 fitness n. 健康;健壮;适合 injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的
emergency n. 紧急情况 first aid kit 急救箱
B3:physician cn. 医生;内科医生 resident physician 住院医师surgeon n. 外科医生
clinic n. 诊所 insurance n. 保险 operation n. 手术
19.swallow v. 吞下;咽下;抑制;n. 燕子
【搭配】swallow up 吞没;淹没;swallow one’s pride 忍气吞声
【运用】The swallow found a worm and swallowed it.
那只燕子发现了一条虫并把它吞了下去。
我放下了自尊,向在车站的一个人求助。
I swallowed my pride and asked someone at the stop for help.
雾霾笼罩着整个城市。The smog swallowed up the whole city.
Revision: chew v. 咀嚼; digest v. 消化
20.bathtub n. 浴缸;澡盆 构词:bath + tub (盆;桶)
21.bath n. 洗澡;(BrE = bathtub) 浴缸; 洗澡水 【搭配】洗澡have/take a bath = bath v.
bathe v. (NAmE = bathe) 给……洗澡;浸洗;(书面语)使沐浴;使沉浸
【搭配】使……沐浴在……中 bathe sth. in sth.
【运用】 小村庄沐浴在灿烂的阳光里。
The small village is bathed in brilliant sunshine.
22.mosquito n. 蚊子 pl. mosquitos / mosquitoes
23.elderly adj. (委婉用语)较老的;上了年纪的 构词:elder + -ly (形容词后缀);比 old 更委婉更有礼貌 【搭配】the elderly (委婉用语) 老年人=old people
【搭配】照顾她年迈的父母 look after her elderly parents
拓展:elder adj[只用于名词前]年龄较大的;年长的 【搭配】an elder brother 一个哥哥
n [C][用单数][正式用语]年龄较大者
【运用】Chongyang, the traditional Chinese festival for the elderly, is coming around.
重阳节——中国传统的老年人的节日——即将到来。
24.operator n. 话务员;操作员;经营者 构词:operate (操作) + -or
→ operate v.使运作;使运转;使工作;操作;操控;使用;对…做运算; 动手术;
operation n.操作,运用; 实行;实施; 工作; 公司;经营;手术; 作战;
25.drown v. 使淹死、使溺死;淹没;浸泡;消除(忧愁等)
【搭配】be drowned in 被淹没在
【运用】他会借咖啡解愁。He would drown his sadness in coffee.
26.sprain [spreɪn] vt. 扭伤;n. 扭伤
spray [spreɪ] vt. 向……喷射;n. 水花;浪花;喷剂
27.ankle n. 脚踝;踝骨 【搭配】扭伤脚踝 sprain/twist one’s ankle
28.bleed vi 出血;流血 vt 榨取(钱财)过去式:bled;过去分词:bled ;
→bleeding un. 流血;失血→ blood n. 血;血液
【搭配】流血致死 bleed to death ;大量出血 severe / heavy bleeding
29.fellow cn. 人,家伙;男人;男孩=guy ;→fellows pl. 伙伴;同辈;同时代的人
→adj. 同伴的;同事的;同类的 【搭配】同学fellow students 人类,同胞 fellow man/men
【运用】她在同事中的口碑甚佳。She has a very good reputation among her fellows.
30. diner [ˈdaɪnə] n. (尤指餐馆的)就餐者 构词:dine (进餐) + -er 【搭配】食堂 dining hall/canteen
31. choke v. 使窒息;使噎住;使堵塞;使哽咽 【搭配】被某物噎住 choke on sth. ;
用……填满某物 choke sth. (up) with… ;强忍住眼泪/愤怒 choke back tears/anger
【运用】当他描述发生的一切时他强忍住泪水。
He choked back tears as he described what had happened.
32. steak n. 牛排 牛排的“几分熟”用英语怎么表达?How do you like it cooked?
【运用】well done 全熟;medium well 七分熟;medium 五分熟; medium-rare 四分熟;rare 三分熟
33. throat n. 喉咙;咽喉 【搭配】说话困难:have a frog in one’s throat
34..slap vt./n. (用手掌)打、拍;啪的一声放下;拍击声 (clap your hands)
过去式 slapped,过去分词slapped
【搭配】打某人的耳光 slap one’s face; 公开指责/训斥某人 slap sb. down
在某人背上拍了一下 give sb. a slap on the back
【运用】她想反对,但经理训斥了她。She tried to object, but the manager slapped her down.
35.帮助某人站起来 help sb. to one’s feet
【运用】在张的朋友的帮助下,陈伟扶着张站了起来。
With the help/aid of Zhang’s friends, Chen Wei was able to help Zhang to his feet.
36.practical adj. :实际的;实践的;实用的; practically →adv.实际上;事实上→
反义词:impractical adj.不切实际的
构词:practice + -al (形容词后缀)
【运用】我们会倾听你的问题,并提供切实可行的建议。
We will listen to your problems and offer you practical advice.
37. obstruction n. 阻碍;堵塞;阻碍物 词根:obstruct
38. fist n. 拳头 【搭配】向……挥拳 shake / swing one’s fist at…
39. face【搭配】面朝上/下 : face up / down 面临:be faced with = face vt.
面对:in the face of 丢面子:lose face
Facing the problem, he never gives up.
Faced with the problem, he never gives up.
In the face of the problem, he never gives up.
(对……)做鬼脸 make / pull a face (at) = make faces at
40. justify vt. 证明……正当/有理;为……辩护;对……作出解释
【搭配】证明做某事是合理的justify doing sth.
为自己向某人辩解 justify oneself to sb.
41. welfare un. 幸福;福祉;福利
42. collapse vi. / n. 倒塌;坍塌;(因病)倒下,昏倒;崩溃,瓦解break down
【运用】这些房屋在地震中很容易倒塌。These homes can easily collapse during earthquakes.
43. manual n./adj. 使用手册;手工的;体力的 构词:man- (hand) + -ual (形容词后缀)
【搭配】用户手册a user manual, 体力劳动manual labor
44. sleep相关短语:睡过头,睡懒觉 sleep in =oversleep 睡得好/不好 sleep well / badly
睡懒觉 sleep late 沉睡 sleep deeply/ sleep like a log
把问题留到第二天解决,考虑一晚上 sleep on it
无法成眠 not sleep a wink
45. shape 【搭配】 健康状况不好/变形 out of shape 保持健康/保持体形 keep/stay in shape
处于良好状态 in good shape
呈……的形状、以……的形式 in the shape of
46. fog n. 雾; 迷惑、困惑 adj. foggy 有雾的;模糊的 【搭配】浓雾 thick fog
47. suburb n. 市郊;郊区 构词: sub- (below, near 在……下、邻近)+ urb (city 城市)
城市的:urban 乡村的:rural 市中心 downtown
48. membership n. 会员身份;会员资格;会员 【搭配】会员卡 a membership card
Step2 重难点梳理
1. electric 1)adj.电的;电动的;用电的 producing or using electricity
【搭配】电灯 an electric light 电动汽车 an electric car 电扇:an electric fan
触击;触电electric shock make / produce / generate electricity 发电
2)adj令人激动的 very exciting.
【运用】这里的气氛是令人激动的。The atmosphere here is electric.
It’s OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用电器,就让它开着是可以的,如果不用,就把它关掉。
那位电力工程师决定买一个电熨斗和一部电子词典。
The electrical engineer determined to buy an electric iron and an electronic dictionary.
2. urgent adj. 紧急的;急迫的 → urge v. 敦促;竭力主张→ urgency n. 紧迫;紧迫
【搭配】urge sb. to do sth.=urge that…(should) do sth. 敦促某人做某事
急需:in urgent need of…
句型:急需…… It is urgent that… (从句谓语用 should + 动原)
紧迫感:a sense of urgency
【运用】续写之情绪描写:I am boiling hot all over, my mind tense with a great sense of urgency. Hence, I urgently need your assistance. 我全身发热,心急如焚。因此,我急需您的帮助。
3. ease 同族词: easy, easily, uneasy ;
【运用】翻译以下短语:
1. Lisa told me that she felt at ease with Bernard. ___感到自在________
2. The computer is popular for its good design and ease of use. __使用简单_____
3. I will give you something to ease the pain. ____减轻疼痛_______
4. He eased slowly forwards. ____小心翼翼地移动_______
5. It would ease my mind to know you had arrived safely. ____使我放心______
总结1)n. 舒服;自在;容易;不费力;
【搭配】悠闲的生活 a life of ease 放松:at ease ;使某人放松 put sb at ease
2)v. 减轻;小心翼翼地缓慢的移动;
【搭配】减轻疼痛 ease the pain ;使某人宽心/放心ease one’s mind
(使某人)熟悉(新工作等) ease (sb/oneself) into
4.wrap v 包、裹;(用手臂)围住 过去分词:wrapped→n [C](食品等的)包装材料;包装纸wrapper→n [C] & [U] 用于包装的材料wrapping
Eg:I’d like to wrap (up) Christmas presents in pretty paper.
He wrapped a scarf around his neck.
Summary:用B把A 包起来wrap A (up) in B
用A把B包起来wrap A round/around B
【运用】我用毯子把婴儿包起来。
I wrapped the baby up in a blanket. = I wrapped a blanket around the baby.
5.slip
【运用】
译 1)Be careful! Don’t slip on the wet floor. vi 滑倒;滑落
2)Time is slipping away. 溜 (slide);悄悄逝去
3)He slipped the book into his bag. vi & vt 把……悄悄地放在;
4)Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into dreams. vi 陷入
【搭配】slip one’s mind 被遗忘 a slip of paper 一张纸条
6.delay 1) vi & vt 耽误;延误;推迟 (put off):→n [C] & [U] 耽误;延误;推迟;
【搭配】delay doing sth 推迟做某事 without delay 毫不耽搁的
【运用】
(1)他迟迟没有把这消息告诉她,他在等待适当的时机。
He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment.
(2)“双十一”订单太多,导致送货延误。
Too many orders on 11th November caused a delay in delivery.
7. interrupt vt & vi 打断;打扰 ;vt 中断;阻断→n [U] & [C] 打扰;中断 interruption
【运用】(1)不要打断演讲者,等他讲完你再提问。
Don’t interrupt the speaker; ask your questions afterwards.
(2)交通被洪水阻断。
Traffic was interrupted by floods.
8. scream vi & vt(因疼痛、兴奋、恐惧等)尖叫 →n [C] 尖叫声;尖锐刺耳的声音
【搭配】吓得尖叫 scream in fear 发出尖叫声 give/let out a scream
纵声大笑:a scream of laughter
【运用】她大声尖叫起来,紧紧抓着钱包和钥匙。
She screamed, grabbing her purse and the keys.
9.panic n./v. 恐慌;惊慌;(使)恐慌:panic的过去式、过去分词为 panicked, 现在分词为panicking
【搭配】惊慌地 in panic ; 使某人仓促做某事panic sb. into doing sth.
陷入恐慌 get into a panic
【运用】(1)上百人惊慌地离开了他们的家园。Hundreds of people left their homes in panic.
(2)当她找不到单程票时,她慌了神。She got into a panic when she couldn’t find her single ticket. / She panicked when she couldn’t find her single ticket.
10.desperate adj 绝望的;危急的; →adv绝望地;非常 desperately→n [U] 绝望;拼命;不顾一切 desperation
【搭配】非常需要某物 be desperate for ; 非常渴望做某事 be desperate to do sth.
拼命想做某事 in a desperate attempt to do sth.
【运用】(1)听到那个消息我简直绝望了。 I was so desperate on hearing that.
(2)在沙漠中迷路的人极度渴望得到水。The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.
11. grab n./vt. (试图)抓住;(因忙碌而)赶紧 / 抓紧吃 / 喝 / 睡;吸引;引人注意n [C][常用单数]抓取;抢夺
过去式 grabbed ; 过去分词 grabbed
【搭配】grab the opportunity / chance 抓住机会
【运用】我抓起我的包就跑。 I grabbed my bag and ran off.
12. tight adj. 紧的;紧绷的;紧凑的;紧密的;严格的 → tightly adv. 紧紧地;充分的 →tighten v. (使)变紧;(使)加紧
【搭配】对……严加控制 keep a tight hold on…
紧凑的日程安排 a tight schedule 预算紧张 a tight budget
【运用】另一只手紧紧握住拳头。Grab your fist with your other hand tightly.
13. motion n. (物体的)运动;动;动作;词根:move v. 移动
构词:mot (to move 移动) + -ion (名词后缀)
【搭配】运动中的 in motion 使某事物开始 set / put sth in motion
牛顿的运动定律 Newton’s laws of motion
同根词:promote 促进;晋升, emotion 感情;情绪 , remote 遥远的
【运用】多伊尔回头看了看博迪,微微动了动头做了个示意。
Doyle glanced back at Bodie, and made a slight motion with his head.
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