内容正文:
Unit 6 Nature and us 知识清单
单元大问题:Why should we respect nature?(我们为什么要尊重自然?)
主题语境:人与自然——自然生态、天气与安全
一、语音语调:字母组合 al / au / aw 的发音
发音规律:字母组合 al、au、aw 在单词中通常发长元音 /ɔː/(类似汉语"奥"的音,口型收圆)。
字母组合
例词
音标
中文
al
all
/ɔːl/
全部
al
walk
/wɔːk/
走路
al
wall
/wɔːl/
墙壁
al
tall
/tɔːl/
高的
al
talk
/tɔːk/
谈话
au
August
/ˈɔːɡəst/
八月
au
autumn
/ˈɔːtəm/
秋天
au
Paul
/pɔːl/
保罗(人名)
aw
saw
/sɔː/
看见(see 的过去式)
aw
draw
/drɔː/
画
辨音提醒(易混淆词对比):
· all /ɔːl/ — oil /ɔɪl/(前短后长音不同)
· saw /sɔː/ — draw /drɔː/(辅音不同)
· tall /tɔːl/ — toll /təʊl/
· walk /wɔːk/ — wall /wɔːl/(词尾 k/l 不同)
语调要点:一般疑问句 Is there...? / Are there any...? 用升调;陈述句 There is... / There will be... 用降调。
二、必记单词
(一)自然景观(A 部分核心词)
单词
音标
词性
中文
助记
nature
/ˈneɪtʃə(r)/
n.
自然界;大自然
自然=na+ture
river
/ˈrɪvə(r)/
n.
河;江
河流 river
lake
/leɪk/
n.
湖;湖泊
湖泊 lake
waterfall
/ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/
n.
瀑布
water+fall 水落下
forest
/ˈfɒrɪst/
n.
森林;林区
森林 forest
mountain
/ˈmaʊntən/
n.
高山;山岳
山 mountain
famous
/ˈfeɪməs/
adj.
著名的;出名的
famous 名人
view
/vjuː/
n.
景色;风景
view 视野
(二)天气与安全(B 部分核心词)
单词
音标
词性
中文
助记
wind
/wɪnd/
n.
风;气流
风 wind
fog
/fɒɡ/
n.
雾
雾 fog
flood
/flʌd/
n.
洪水;水灾
flood 洪水
fire
/ˈfaɪə(r)/
n.
火;火灾
fire 火
heavy
/ˈhevi/
adj.
程度大的;严重的
heavy rain 大雨
fine
/faɪn/
adj.
晴朗的
fine day 晴天
dangerous
/ˈdeɪndʒərəs/
adj.
有危险的;不安全的
danger+ous
trip
/trɪp/
n.
旅行;出行
go on a trip
hotel
/həʊˈtel/
n.
旅馆;旅社
hotel 旅馆
close
/kləʊz/
v.
关;关闭
close the window
umbrella
/ʌmˈbrelə/
n.
伞;雨伞
umbrella 雨伞
raincoat
/ˈreɪnkəʊt/
n.
雨衣
rain+coat
worry
/ˈwʌri/
v.
担心;担忧
Don't worry.
bring
/brɪŋ/
v.
带来;取来
bring 带来
know
/nəʊ/
v.
知道;了解
know 知道
before
/bɪˈfɔː(r)/
prep.
在……之前
before 之前
go hiking
/ɡəʊ ˈhaɪkɪŋ/
短语
徒步旅行
hike 徒步
易混词辨析:
· fog(雾)/ frog(青蛙)——f 换 fr
· flood(洪水)/ food(食物)——l 有无
· fire(火)/ fine(晴朗的)——r 换 n
· heavy rain 大雨 ≠ light rain 小雨
三、常考短语
短语
中文
例句
nature park
自然公园
We are in a nature park.
a big forest
一片大森林
There is a big forest in the park.
a long river
一条长河
There is a long river in the park.
famous mountains
名山
Are there any famous mountains?
heavy rain / snow
大雨 / 大雪
There will be heavy rain.
be careful of
小心;注意
Be careful of fires.
go hiking
徒步旅行
Don't go hiking in bad weather.
go on a trip
去旅行
We can't go on our trip.
bring enough water
带足水
Bring enough water with you.
check the weather report
查看天气预报
Check the weather report before you go.
stay safe
保持安全
Please stay safe.
in the forest / mountains
在森林里 / 山里
There are rabbits in the forest.
in spring / summer / autumn / winter
在春 / 夏 / 秋 / 冬季
There is heavy rain in summer.
tell people about your trip
告诉别人你的行程
Tell people about your trip.
四、必会句型
(一)描述存在的事物(There be 句型)
句型
例句
There is + 单数名词
There is a big forest in the park.
There are + 复数名词
There are some beautiful waterfalls.
Is there + 单数名词?
Is there a waterfall in the forest?
肯定回答
Yes, there is.
否定回答
No, there isn't.
Are there any + 复数名词?
Are there any famous mountains?
肯定回答
Yes, there are.
否定回答
No, there aren't.
(二)天气预报(There will be)
句型
例句
There will be + 天气名词
There will be heavy rain this afternoon.
一般疑问句
Will there be rain tomorrow?
肯定回答
Yes, there will.
否定回答
No, there won't.
It will / It'll be + 形容词
It'll be a fine day tomorrow.
(三)安全建议(should / don't)
句型
例句
You should + 动词原形
You should bring enough water.
You shouldn't + 动词原形
You shouldn't go hiking in bad weather.
Don't + 动词原形
Don't go into the forest in the fog.
Be careful of + 名词
Be careful of bad weather.
Check... before...
Check the weather report before you go.
(四)四季天气描述
季节
典型天气
例句
Spring 春天
fog 雾
There is often fog on the sea in spring.
Summer 夏天
heavy rain, floods 大雨、洪水
There is heavy rain in summer.
Autumn 秋天
windy, fires 多风、火灾
Autumn is windy. Be careful of fires.
Winter 冬天
heavy snow 大雪
Sometimes there is heavy snow in winter.
五、核心语法
(一)There be 存在句型
1. 基本结构:There be + 名词 + 地点状语,表示"某地存在某物"。
· There is a waterfall in the forest.(单数名词用 is)
· There are some beautiful waterfalls.(复数名词用 are)
1. be 动词的选择:遵循"就近原则"——be 与离它最近的名词保持一致。
· There is a lake and two rivers.(最近的是单数 a lake,用 is)
· There are two rivers and a lake.(最近的是复数 two rivers,用 are)
1. some / any 的用法:
· 肯定句用 some:There are some flowers.
· 疑问句和否定句用 any:Are there any mountains? / There aren't any rabbits.
1. 否定形式:There isn't / There aren't(isn't = is not;aren't = are not)。
1. 一般疑问句:把 is/are 提到句首。
· Is there a lake? — Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
· Are there any rivers? — Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
(二)There will be 一般将来时
1. 表示"将来会有……",用于天气预报、预测。
· There will be heavy rain this afternoon.(今天下午将有大雨。)
2. 否定:There will not be / There won't be...
3. 疑问:Will there be...? — Yes, there will. / No, there won't.
4. 对比记忆:
· There is rain now.(现在下雨——现在时)
· There will be rain tomorrow.(明天有雨——将来时)
(三)情态动词 should 表建议
1. 肯定:主语 + should + 动词原形。You should wear good hiking shoes.
2. 否定:主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形。You shouldn't go hiking in bad weather.
3. 句式对比:should 表"应该做";Don't + 动词原形表"不要做",都是安全提示的常用表达。
六、考点速记
考点 1:be 动词选择(高频)
There __ a lake in the park. → is(单数)
There __ some waterfalls. → are(复数)
考点 2:some / any 选择(高频)
Are there __ rabbits in the forest? → any(疑问句用 any)
There are __ flowers. → some(肯定句用 some)
考点 3:There will be 填空(高频)
It's cloudy. There rain this afternoon. → will be
考点 4:语音辨音(常考)
选出画线部分发音不同的一项:
A. all B. wall C. tall D. oil(oil 发 /ɔɪ/,其余发 /ɔː/)
考点 5:句型转换(常考)
There is a river in the park.(改为一般疑问句)
→ Is there a river in the park?
There are some flowers.(改为否定句)
→ There aren't any flowers.
考点 6:词义理解(常考)
In summer, there is heavy __. Sometimes there are floods. → rain
考点 7:should 用法(常考)
You __ bring enough water when you go hiking.(应该) → should
__ go hiking in bad weather!(不要) → Don't
考点 8:文化常识(素养题)
Sanjiangyuan National Park is in __. It is the largest national park in China. → Qinghai
It is called the "__ of China". → Water Tower
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